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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polycistronic gene

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Academic literature on the topic 'Polycistronic gene'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Polycistronic gene"

1

Gallaher, Sean D., Rory J. Craig, Iniyan Ganesan, Samuel O. Purvine, Sean R. McCorkle, Jane Grimwood, Daniela Strenkert, et al. "Widespread polycistronic gene expression in green algae." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 7 (February 12, 2021): e2017714118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2017714118.

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Polycistronic gene expression, common in prokaryotes, was thought to be extremely rare in eukaryotes. The development of long-read sequencing of full-length transcript isomers (Iso-Seq) has facilitated a reexamination of that dogma. Using Iso-Seq, we discovered hundreds of examples of polycistronic expression of nuclear genes in two divergent species of green algae: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chromochloris zofingiensis. Here, we employ a range of independent approaches to validate that multiple proteins are translated from a common transcript for hundreds of loci. A chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis using trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 marks confirmed that transcription begins exclusively at the upstream gene. Quantification of polyadenylated [poly(A)] tails and poly(A) signal sequences confirmed that transcription ends exclusively after the downstream gene. Coexpression analysis found nearly perfect correlation for open reading frames (ORFs) within polycistronic loci, consistent with expression in a shared transcript. For many polycistronic loci, terminal peptides from both ORFs were identified from proteomics datasets, consistent with independent translation. Synthetic polycistronic gene pairs were transcribed and translated in vitro to recapitulate the production of two distinct proteins from a common transcript. The relative abundance of these two proteins can be modified by altering the Kozak-like sequence of the upstream gene. Replacement of the ORFs with selectable markers or reporters allows production of such heterologous proteins, speaking to utility in synthetic biology approaches. Conservation of a significant number of polycistronic gene pairs between C. reinhardtii, C. zofingiensis, and five other species suggests that this mechanism may be evolutionarily ancient and biologically important in the green algal lineage.

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Blumenthal, Thomas. "Gene clusters and polycistronic transcription in eukaryotes." BioEssays 20, no. 6 (December 6, 1998): 480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-1878(199806)20:6<480::aid-bies6>3.0.co;2-q.

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3

Wong, S., T. H. Morales, J. E. Neigel, and D. A. Campbell. "Genomic and transcriptional linkage of the genes for calmodulin, EF-hand 5 protein, and ubiquitin extension protein 52 in Trypanosoma brucei." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 1 (January 1993): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.1.207-216.1993.

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We report genomic linkage of a pair of tandem, identical ubiquitin-extension protein 52 (EP52) genes, a novel EF-hand superfamily member gene (EFH5), and the calmodulin gene cluster in Trypanosoma brucei. The intergenic regions of these four genes are short: about 108 bp between the calmodulin gene C and the EFH5 gene, about 111 bp between the EFH5 gene and the ubiquitin-EP52/1 gene, and about 116 bp between the ubiquitin-EP52/1 and -EP52/2 genes. RNA molecules that span these three intergenic regions have been detected by polymerase chain reaction, which suggests that the genes are transcribed in a polycistronic manner. Transcription of the calmodulin, EFH5, and ubiquitin-EP52 genes in isolated nuclei is rapidly inactivated by UV irradiation, which further strengthens the hypothesis that this cluster of three different genes is transcribed in a polycistronic manner and suggests that they are under the control of a single distant upstream promoter. These results suggest that polycistronic transcription is common in trypanosomes and will probably be found for most, if not all, protein-encoding genes. The presence of at least three housekeeping genes with different known or potential regulatory functions within a polycistronic unit suggests that regulation of transcription initiation plays an important role in the coordinated expression of housekeeping genes in trypanosomes.

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Wong, S., T. H. Morales, J. E. Neigel, and D. A. Campbell. "Genomic and transcriptional linkage of the genes for calmodulin, EF-hand 5 protein, and ubiquitin extension protein 52 in Trypanosoma brucei." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 1 (January 1993): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.1.207.

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We report genomic linkage of a pair of tandem, identical ubiquitin-extension protein 52 (EP52) genes, a novel EF-hand superfamily member gene (EFH5), and the calmodulin gene cluster in Trypanosoma brucei. The intergenic regions of these four genes are short: about 108 bp between the calmodulin gene C and the EFH5 gene, about 111 bp between the EFH5 gene and the ubiquitin-EP52/1 gene, and about 116 bp between the ubiquitin-EP52/1 and -EP52/2 genes. RNA molecules that span these three intergenic regions have been detected by polymerase chain reaction, which suggests that the genes are transcribed in a polycistronic manner. Transcription of the calmodulin, EFH5, and ubiquitin-EP52 genes in isolated nuclei is rapidly inactivated by UV irradiation, which further strengthens the hypothesis that this cluster of three different genes is transcribed in a polycistronic manner and suggests that they are under the control of a single distant upstream promoter. These results suggest that polycistronic transcription is common in trypanosomes and will probably be found for most, if not all, protein-encoding genes. The presence of at least three housekeeping genes with different known or potential regulatory functions within a polycistronic unit suggests that regulation of transcription initiation plays an important role in the coordinated expression of housekeeping genes in trypanosomes.

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Chen, Yiwei, Liji Cao, Chonglin Luo, Désirée AW Ditzel, Jörg Peter, and Rolf Sprengel. "RANGE: Gene Transfer of Reversibly Controlled Polycistronic Genes." Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids 2 (2013): e85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mtna.2013.15.

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6

Berberof, M., A. Pays, and E. Pays. "A similar gene is shared by both the variant surface glycoprotein and procyclin gene transcription units of Trypanosoma brucei." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 3 (March 1991): 1473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.3.1473-1479.1991.

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The genes for the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) and procyclin are expressed in a mutually exclusive manner during the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei and synthesize the most abundant mRNAs specific to the bloodstream and procyclic stages of the parasite, respectively. Genes belonging to the polycistronic transcription unit of the VSG gene (expression site-associated genes [ESAGs]) are uniquely expressed in the bloodstream form, but some members of ESAG families (genes related to ESAGs [GRESAGs]) are independently transcribed outside the VSG gene expression site. We report here that a gene related to ESAG 2, GRESAG 2.1, is present and expressed in a procyclin gene transcription unit (PARP A locus), which is polycistronic. Members of the ESAG 2 family are thus present in the two major differentially stage-regulated transcription units of this parasite.

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Berberof, M., A. Pays, and E. Pays. "A similar gene is shared by both the variant surface glycoprotein and procyclin gene transcription units of Trypanosoma brucei." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 3 (March 1991): 1473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.3.1473.

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The genes for the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) and procyclin are expressed in a mutually exclusive manner during the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei and synthesize the most abundant mRNAs specific to the bloodstream and procyclic stages of the parasite, respectively. Genes belonging to the polycistronic transcription unit of the VSG gene (expression site-associated genes [ESAGs]) are uniquely expressed in the bloodstream form, but some members of ESAG families (genes related to ESAGs [GRESAGs]) are independently transcribed outside the VSG gene expression site. We report here that a gene related to ESAG 2, GRESAG 2.1, is present and expressed in a procyclin gene transcription unit (PARP A locus), which is polycistronic. Members of the ESAG 2 family are thus present in the two major differentially stage-regulated transcription units of this parasite.

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De Gaudenzi, Javier G., Griselda Noé, Vanina A. Campo, Alberto C. Frasch, and Alejandro Cassola. "Gene expression regulation in trypanosomatids." Essays in Biochemistry 51 (October 24, 2011): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0510031.

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Trypanosomatids are protozoan micro-organisms that cause serious health problems in humans and domestic animals. In addition to their medical relevance, these pathogens have novel biological structures and processes. From nuclear DNA transcription to mRNA translation, trypanosomes use unusual mechanisms to control gene expression. For example, transcription by RNAPII (RNA polymerase II) is polycistronic, and only a few transcription initiation sites have been identified so far. The sequences present in the polycistronic units code for proteins having unrelated functions, that is, not involved in a similar metabolic pathway. Owing to these biological constraints, these micro-organisms regulate gene expression mostly by post-transcriptional events. Consequently, the function of proteins that recognize RNA elements preferentially at the 3′ UTR (untranslated region) of transcripts is central. It was recently shown that mRNP (messenger ribonucleoprotein) complexes are organized within post-transcriptional operons to co-ordinately regulate gene expression of functionally linked transcripts. In the present chapter we will focus on particular characteristics of gene expression in the so-called TriTryp parasites: Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania major.

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Marco, Antonio, Maria Ninova, and Sam Griffiths-Jones. "Multiple products from microRNA transcripts." Biochemical Society Transactions 41, no. 4 (July 18, 2013): 850–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20130035.

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A single transcript sometimes codes for more than one product. In bacteria, and in a few exceptional animal lineages, many genes are organized into operons: clusters of open reading frames that are transcribed together in a single polycistronic transcript. However, polycistronic transcripts are rare in eukaryotes. One notable exception is that of miRNAs (microRNAs), small RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The primary transcripts of miRNAs commonly produce more than one functional product, by at least three different mechanisms. miRNAs are often produced from polycistronic transcripts together with other miRNA precursors. Also, miRNAs frequently derive from protein-coding gene introns. Finally, each miRNA precursor can produce two mature miRNA products. We argue, in the present review, that miRNAs are frequently hosted in transcripts coding for multiple products because new miRNA precursor sequences that arise by chance in transcribed regions are more likely to become functional miRNAs during evolution.

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Reynolds, David, Laura Cliffe, Konrad U. Förstner, Chung-Chau Hon, T. Nicolai Siegel, and Robert Sabatini. "Regulation of transcription termination by glucosylated hydroxymethyluracil, base J, in Leishmania major and Trypanosoma brucei." Nucleic Acids Research 42, no. 15 (August 7, 2014): 9717–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku714.

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Abstract Base J, β-d-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil, is an epigenetic modification of thymine in the nuclear DNA of flagellated protozoa of the order Kinetoplastida. J is enriched at sites involved in RNA polymerase (RNAP) II initiation and termination. Reduction of J in Leishmania tarentolae via growth in BrdU resulted in cell death and indicated a role of J in the regulation of RNAP II termination. To further explore J function in RNAP II termination among kinetoplastids and avoid indirect effects associated with BrdU toxicity and genetic deletions, we inhibited J synthesis in Leishmania major and Trypanosoma brucei using DMOG. Reduction of J in L. major resulted in genome-wide defects in transcription termination at the end of polycistronic gene clusters and the generation of antisense RNAs, without cell death. In contrast, loss of J in T. brucei did not lead to genome-wide termination defects; however, the loss of J at specific sites within polycistronic gene clusters led to altered transcription termination and increased expression of downstream genes. Thus, J regulation of RNAP II transcription termination genome-wide is restricted to Leishmania spp., while in T. brucei it regulates termination and gene expression at specific sites within polycistronic gene clusters.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polycistronic gene"

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Henrich, Cécile Alexandra. "Increased gene expression with polycistronic expression unites to confer resistance to rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13575.

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Sun, Wei-Sheng, and 孫維聲. "Expression Regulation of Polycistronic lee3 Genes of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69963352334927724120.

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博士
國立陽明大學
生化暨分子生物研究所
105
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) carries a pathogenic island LEE that is consisted mainly of five polycistronic operons. In the lee3 operon, mpc is the first gene and has been reported to down regulate the type-3 secretion system of EHEC when its gene product is over-expressed. Furthermore, mpc has been suggested to have a regulation function via translation but the mechanism remains unclear. To clarify this hypothesis, we dissected the polycistron and examined the translated products. We conclude that translation of mpc detrimentally governs the translation of the second gene, escV, which in turn affects the translation of the third gene, escN. Then sequentially, escN affects the expression of the downstream genes. Furthermore, we located a critical cis element within the mpc open-reading frame that plays a negative role in the translation-dependent regulation of lee3. Using qRT-PCR, we found that the amount of mpc RNA transcript present in EHEC was relatively limited when compared to any other genes within lee3. Taken together, when the transcription of LEE is activated, expression of mpc is tightly controlled by a restriction of the RNA transcript of mpc, translation of which is then critical for the efficient production of the operon’s downstream gene products.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polycistronic gene"

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Fütterer, Johannes, Jean-Marc Bonneville, Karl Gordon, Marc deTapia, Stefan Karlsson, and Thomas Hohn. "Expression from polycistronic cauliflower mosaic virus pregenomic RNA." In Post-Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, 347–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75139-4_32.

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Gowda, Siddarame, Fang C. Wu, H. Scholthof, and R. J. Shepherd. "Gene VI of Figwort Mosaic Virus Activates Expression of Internal Cistrons of the Full-length Polycistronic RNA Transcript." In Viral Genes and Plant Pathogenesis, 79–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3424-1_9.

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Papachristodoulou, Despo, Alison Snape, William H. Elliott, and Daphne C. Elliott. "Control of gene expression." In Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198768111.003.0030.

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This chapter explains how gene expression can be regulated at each stage of protein synthesis, but the majority of regulation is of transcription. The chapter covers E. coli , wherein groups of genes called operons often occur and are transcribed together, forming polycistronic messengers. In the lac operon, comprising three genes, a repressor protein effects control by blocking an operator region at the initiation site of transcription. The chapter considers the repressor as an allosteric protein that detaches and allows transcription of genes required to form enzymes needed to utilize the sugar in the presence of lactose. Transcription factors (TFs) are the keys to eukaryotic gene-control.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polycistronic gene"

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Kanai, Tamotsu, Takashi Endoh, and Tadayuki Imanaka. "Synthesis of multiple gene products from a single polycistronic mRNA using the Thermococcus kodakaraensis-based translation system." In 2008 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mhs.2008.4752433.

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Li, Meihua, Kyle Lee, Yuntao Lu, Ian Clarke, David Shih, Tim Van Meter, Limei Zhou, et al. "Abstract 4355: The C19MC miRNA polycistron are frequent targets of gene amplification in aggressive primitive neuroectodermal brain tumors and encode oncogenic miRNAs that inhibit normal neural stem cell differentiation." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-4355.

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