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Journal articles on the topic 'Polyaromatic hydrocarbones'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Nagy, E., J. H. Carey, and J. H. Hart. "Hydrocarbons in St. Clair River Sediments." Water Quality Research Journal 21, no. 3 (August 1, 1986): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1986.034.

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Abstract A survey of St. Clair River sediments at Sarnia, Ontario, showed that the highest concentrations of normal alkanes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons occurred in the vicinity of the petrochemical industrial area on the Canadian side of the river. The absence of an odd-carbon predominance in the alkanes, and the presence of several alkylated polyaromatics indicate a petroleum source for both classes of hydrocarbons. Both classes of compounds were present, at increased concentrations, in the lower sections of two shallow cores. The distribution of organics reflected the highly localized character of inputs, currents, and sediments.

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2

Sudiana, I. M., I. Idris, T. P. Napitupulu, A. Z. N. Ikhwani, I. N. Sumerta, A. Sugiharto, T. R. Sulistiyani, et al. "Diversity of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in Pulau Pari and their potential roles for bioremediation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 950, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/950/1/012013.

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Abstract Oil spill accidents occur several times in the Indonesian sea, including Jakarta Bay. Studies on the application of oil spill bio-degradation techniques need to be developed but require baseline data on microbe species diversity and functions. We isolated several bacteria from Pulau Pari that can degrade hydrocarbons (hexadecane, phenantrene, and dibenzothiophene) by using two step enrichment culture technique. The isolated microbes belong to several taxa, including α-subclass Proteobacteria, β-subclass Proteobacteria, γ-subclass Proteobacteria, the gram-positive high GC content (Actinobacteria), and Bacillus group. These marine bacteria degrade not only alkanes but also polyaromatic hydrocarbons (phenanthrene and dibenzothiophene). Alpha and gamma Proteobacteria were predominant alkane and polyaromatic hydrocarbons-degrading bacteria. The ability of those bacteria to degrade both alkanes and polyaromatic hydrocarbon is a key-important trait for enhancing bioremediation of oil spills.

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3

Salari, Marjan, Vahid Rahmanian, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Wei-Hung Chiang, Chin Wei Lai, Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, and Ahmad Gholami. "Bioremediation Treatment of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons for Environmental Sustainability." Water 14, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 3980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233980.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) distributed in air and soil are harmful because of their carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and teratogenicity. Biodegradation is an environmentally friendly and economical approach to control these types of contaminants and has become an essential method for remediating environments contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. The bacteria are isolated and identified using a mineral nutrient medium containing PAHs as the sole source of carbon and energy and biochemical differential tests. Thus, this study focuses on some bacteria and fungi that degrade oil and hydrocarbons. This study provides a comprehensive, up-to-date, and efficient overview of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminant bioremediation considering hydrocarbon modification by microorganisms, emphasizing the new knowledge gained in recent years. The study shows that petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants are acceptably biodegradable by some microorganisms, and their removal by this method is cost-effective. Moreover, microbial biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants utilizes the enzymatic catalytic activities of microorganisms and increases the degradation of pollutants several times compared to conventional methods. Biological treatment is carried out in two ways: microbial stimulation and microbial propagation. In the first method, the growth of indigenous microorganisms in the area increases, and the pollution is eliminated. In the second method, on the other hand, there are no effective microorganisms in the area, so these microorganisms are added to the environment.

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4

KHAVRYUCHENKO, VOLODYMYR D., YURIJ A. TARASENKO, VOLODYMYR V. STRELKO, OLEKSIY V. KHAVRYUCHENKO, and VLADYSLAV V. LISNYAK. "INTERACTION OF THE DIOXYGEN MOLECULE WITH THE C96H24 POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBON CLUSTER: A QUANTUM CHEMICAL INSIGHT." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 13 (May 20, 2008): 2115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208039289.

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Interaction of the previously described [V. D. Khavryuchenko, Y. A. Tarasenko, V. V. Strelko, O. V. Khavryuchenko and V. V. Lisnyak, Quantum chemical study of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in high multiplicity states, Int. J. Modern. Phys. B21, 4507 (2007), in press] polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) C 96 H 24 with dioxygen molecule and KO2 have been quantum chemically examined. The probability of existence of the oxygen superoxide ion-radical O 2 adsorbed on the surface of the PAH is critically discussed.

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5

Zhou, Guo Qiang, Wei Kun Yao, Yu Jue Wang, Yu Feng, Yan Qing Yu, and Wei Wang. "Production of Renewable Petrochemicals from Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis of Beech Wood and Low-Density Polyethylene with Mesoporous Bifunctional ZSM-5 Zeolites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (June 2015): 392–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.392.

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This study investigated catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of beech wood, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and their mixture (mass ratio of 1) with a conventional microporous ZSM-5 and mesoporous bifunctional Zn/ZSM-5meso zeolite prepared by desilication of the conventional ZSM-5 with NaOH solution and then impregnation with Zn.The generation of mesopores by desilication improved the diffusion property of the zeolite, which decreased the formation of undesired polyaromatic hydrocarbons from secondary polymerization reactions of monoaromatics in CFP. In addition, the impregnation of Zn increased the dehydrogenation activity of the zeolites, and thus enhanced the conversion of low-value alkanes to valuable olefins. As a result, Zn/ZSM-5meso produced higher yields (56.0 C%) of valuable petrochemicals (monoaromatic hydrocarbons and olefins) and lower yields of undesired polyaromatics (1.70 C%) and alkanes (10.2 C%) in co-feed CFP of the beech wood and LDPE mixture than ZSM-5 (48.2 C%, 4.18 C%, and 18.7 C% for petrochemicals, polyaromatics, and alkanes, respectively).ZSM-5 desilication and impregnation with Zn thus have a beneficial effect on improve the product distribution in CFP of biomass and plastic mixtures. In addition, the results suggest that CFP may provide a promising technology for producing renewable petrochemicals from municipal and agricultural solid wastes, which usually contain high contents of biomass and waste plastics.

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6

Pevneva, G. S., N. G. Voronetskaya, and N. N. Sviridenko. "Composition of Hydrocarbons in Maltenes from Naphthenic Crude Oil after Cracking with WC/NI–CR Additive." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 629, no. 1 (2022): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/0023-1169-2022-629-1-34-40.

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Using GCMS the composition of hydrocarbons in maltenes from heavy naphthenic crude oil (Usa oilfield) after cracking in the presence of WC/Ni–Cr additive and without it has been studied. Cracking of maltenes carried out at 450°С within 2 hours in isothermal mode. Using WC/Ni–Cr additive during cracking contributes to the deepening of the destruction reactions in hydrocarbons and resins. It is shown, the content of low-molecular alkanes С11–С19, alkylbenzenes С9–С10 increases essentially in the maltenes cracked with the additive while that of cyclohexanes and bicyclanes decreases, tri-, tetra- and pentacyclic saturated hydrocarbons destruct completely as compared with maltenes cracked without the additive. There are changes in the composition of naphthenic hydrocarbons. The reactions of condensation occur along with destruction reactions, leading to the formation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon.

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7

Bezhan, A. D., A. S. Skripnik, A. A. Dudnik, and V. B. Kolycheva. "Method for determination the qualitative composition of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in commercial petroleum products." ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 84, no. 2 (2022): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/trnio-04-2022-69.

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The article considers one of the methods for express determination of the qualitative composition of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum products. The identified polyaromatic hydrocarbons with the Lee retention index from 200 to 400, their calculated and experimentally determined retention times, as well as the relative standard deviation of the times are presented.

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8

Akomah-Abadaike, O. N., and O. B. Iwuji. "Comparative studies on Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHS) in some edible oil (shea butter, coconut oil and palm kernel oil) sold in Nigeria." Scientia Africana 20, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v20i1.4.

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Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ever-present lipophilic substances, having varying levels of concentration in edible oils. Shea butter, coconut oil and palm kernel oil are used in Africa as component of traditional ointment. The study evaluated the concentration of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in Shea butter, coconut oil and palm kernel oil using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The polyaromatic hydrocarbons identified and quantified are: napthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenapthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene for Shea butter samples; napthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene for coconut oil samples while palm kernel oil samples have napthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene,fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene, The concentration of the sum of PAHs of Shea butter ranged from 7.63 - 44.71 ppm, coconut oil samples 7.81 - 19.24 ppm and palm kernel oil samples 25.09 - 71.55 ppm. Shea butter, coconut oil and palm kernel oil samples have concentration of benzo(a)pyrene above the set maximum permissible limit as revealed in the study. It is important that further research on the reduction and/or elimination of PAHs in Shea butter, coconut oil and palm kernel oil be developed. Keywords: Edible oil, Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, Benzo(a)pyrene, Carcinogenic, Medicinal

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9

Golounin, A. V., E. N. Marakushina, and S. A. Khramenko. "Polycondensation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons." Coke and Chemistry 52, no. 11 (November 2009): 501–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x09110088.

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10

Martin, Colin J., Sarath D. Perera, and Sylvia M. Draper. "Thiophene Containing Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons." Advances in Science and Technology 54 (September 2008): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.54.120.

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11

KHAVRYUCHENKO, VOLODYMYR D., YURIJ A. TARASENKO, VOLODYMYR V. STRELKO, OLEKSIY V. KHAVRYUCHENKO, and VLADYSLAV V. LISNYAK. "QUANTUM CHEMICAL STUDY OF POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN HIGH MULTIPLICITY STATES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 26 (October 20, 2007): 4507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207037946.

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A study of polyaromatic hydrocarbons by semiempirical PM3 and ab initio methods in MINI and STO 6G-31 bases has been performed for compounds with different numbers of rings. The optimized space and electronic structures have been derived. The multiplicity states effect on the energetic stability of the polyaromatic hydrocarbons is examined. It is shown that the high multiplicity states become more energetically preferable with the growth of the PAH size.

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12

Staninska-Pięta, Justyna, Jakub Czarny, Agnieszka Piotrowska-Cyplik, Wojciech Juzwa, Łukasz Wolko, Jacek Nowak, and Paweł Cyplik. "Heavy Metals as a Factor Increasing the Functional Genetic Potential of Bacterial Community for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation." Molecules 25, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020319.

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The bioremediation of areas contaminated with hydrocarbon compounds and heavy metals is challenging due to the synergistic toxic effects of these contaminants. On the other hand, the phenomenon of the induction of microbial secretion of exopolysaccharides (EPS) under the influence of heavy metals may contribute to affect the interaction between hydrophobic hydrocarbons and microbial cells, thus increasing the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic pollutants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of heavy metals on the changes in the metapopulation structure of an environmental consortium, with particular emphasis on the number of copies of orthologous genes involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis pathways and the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The results of the experiment confirmed that the presence of heavy metals at concentrations of 50 mg·L−1 and 150 mg·L−1 resulted in a decrease in the metabolic activity of the microbial consortium and its biodiversity. Despite this, an increase in the biological degradation rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was noted of 17.9% and 16.9%, respectively. An assessment of the estimated number of genes crucial for EPS synthesis and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons confirmed the relationship between the activation of EPS synthesis pathways and polyaromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation pathways. It was established that microorganisms that belong to the Burkholderiales order are characterized by a high representation of the analyzed orthologs and high application potential in areas contaminated with heavy metals and hydrocarbons.

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13

Anderson, C., A. Hehr, R. Robbins, R. Hasan, M. Athar, H. Mukhtar, and C. A. Elmets. "Metabolic requirements for induction of contact hypersensitivity to immunotoxic polyaromatic hydrocarbons." Journal of Immunology 155, no. 7 (October 1, 1995): 3530–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.155.7.3530.

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Abstract Experiments were performed to define the metabolic requirements for induction of contact hypersensitivity to polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), environmental xenobiotics that are both immunotoxic and carcinogenic. Evidence that conversion of the parent compound to a reactive metabolite was necessary for the development of contact hypersensitivity included the fact 1) that contact hypersensitivity to the polyaromatic hydrocarbon dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) only occurred in strains of mice that could metabolize the compound, 2) that among the PAHs, only those that could induce aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the PAH metabolic pathway, were immunogenic, and 3) that inhibitors of PAH metabolism reduced DMBA contact hypersensitivity. Cells from the XS52 Langerhans cell-like dendritic cell line were able to metabolize the PAH benzo(a)pyrene to its diol, quinone, and phenol metabolites. GM-CSF augmented benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in XS52 cells. Finally, in vivo depletion of CD8+, but not CD4+, T cell populations inhibited contact hypersensitivity to DMBA. The implications of these experiments are that at least for some contact allergens, the metabolic status of the host is a key determinant of individual susceptibility to the development of allergic contact dermatitis, and the metabolic pathway of an individual hapten may have ramifications for the T cell subpopulation-CD4 or CD8-that is activated.

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14

Kebede, Gessesse, Tekle Tafese, Ebrahim M. Abda, M. Kamaraj, and Fassil Assefa. "Factors Influencing the Bacterial Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminants in the Soil: Mechanisms and Impacts." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (November 15, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9823362.

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The discharge of hydrocarbons and their derivatives to environments due to human and/or natural activities cause environmental pollution (soil, water, and air) and affect the natural functioning of an ecosystem. To minimize or eradicate environmental pollution by hydrocarbon contaminants, studies showed strategies including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Among those strategies, the use of biological techniques (especially bacterial biodegradation) is critically important to remove hydrocarbon contaminants. The current review discusses the insights of major factors that enhance or hinder the bacterial bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminants (aliphatic, aromatic, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons) in the soil. The key factors limiting the overall hydrocarbon biodegradation are generally categorized as biotic factors and abiotic factors. Among various environmental factors, temperature range from 30 to 40°C, pH range from 5 to 8, moisture availability range from 30 to 90%, carbon/nitrogen/phosphorous (C/N/P; 100:20:1) ratio, and 10–40% of oxygen for aerobic degradation are the key factors that show positive correlation for greatest hydrocarbon biodegradation rate by altering the activities of the microbial and degradative enzymes in soil. In addition, the formation of biofilm and production of biosurfactants in hydrocarbon-polluted soil environments increase microbial adaptation to low bioavailability of hydrophobic compounds, and genes that encode for hydrocarbon degradative enzymes are critical for the potential of microbes to bioremediate soils contaminated with hydrocarbon pollutants. Therefore, this review works on the identification of factors for effective hydrocarbon biodegradation, understanding, and optimization of those factors that are essential and critical.

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15

Lester, W. A. "Polyaromatic hydrocarbon oxyradical stability." Journal of Atomic and Molecular Sciences 1, no. 1 (June 2010): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/jams.011310.012010a.

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16

Maziarz III, E. Peter, Gary A. Baker, and Troy D. Wood. "Electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using silver(I)-mediated ionization." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 1871–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-195.

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Here, a methodology employing doped Ag(I) salt as an in situ cationization reagent for efficient ionization of nonpolar molecules within a conventional electrospray ionization source is described. The effectiveness of Ag(I)-mediated ionization is demonstrated using ESI Fourier transform mass spectrometry for the rapid detection and identification of priority pollutant polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) species. In contrast to earlier coordination ESI-MS reports employing silver salts, argentated species are not typically observed for PAH species. Instead, oxidation of the PAH occurs to produce only the [PAH]+· odd-electron molecular parent ion, simplifying spectral analysis. In addition, the method demonstrates linear quantitative performance. The Ag(I) reagent provides quantifiable PAHs (not ordinarily amenable to ESI-MS) from 64 ppb, and suggests the immediate potential for sampling and on-line monitoring of complex, real world, and otherwise intractable environmental samples. Finally, the high mass accuracy of ESI Fourier transform mass spectrometry further allows unequivocal identification of molecular formulas within PAH mixtures.Key words: electrospray ionization, nonpolar, hydrocarbons, polyaromatic, Fourier transform mass spectrometry.

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17

Geblewicz, Grazyna, and David J. Schiffrin. "Solvent properties of polyaromatic hydrocarbons." Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases 84, no. 2 (1988): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/f19888400561.

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18

Sarigiannis, D., S. Karakitsios, E. Handakas, and A. Gotti. "Exposome analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbons." Toxicology Letters 258 (September 2016): S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1298.

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19

Peng, Ri-He, Ai-Sheng Xiong, Yong Xue, Xiao-Yan Fu, Feng Gao, Wei Zhao, Yong-Sheng Tian, and Quan-Hong Yao. "Microbial biodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons." FEMS Microbiology Reviews 32, no. 6 (November 2008): 927–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00127.x.

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20

Byers, Charles H., and David F. Williams. "Viscosities of pure polyaromatic hydrocarbons." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 32, no. 3 (July 1987): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je00049a018.

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21

Rudniev, V., O. Kliuiev, and O. Uhrovetskyi. "Іdentification Of Gasoline In Altered Mixture With Diesel Fuel." Methods and Objects of Chemical Analysis 14, no. 2 (2019): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/moca.2019.102-112.

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The methodological approach to identification of gasoline with an admixture of diesel fuel was presented. The approach involves using of gas chromatography–mass-spectrometry analysis of altered mixture. An algorithm of gas chromatography profile treatment includes analysis of extracted ion chromatogram for searching of polyaromatic hydrocarbons with 2 to 4 aromatic ring, mostly naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene derivatives. The complex of specified components can be used as indicator of gasoline presence in mixture in the case if its chromatographic profile by total ion chromatogram is typical for diesel fuel. Obtained results show in common high similarity of chromatographic profile of altered diesel fuel and gasoline with small admixture (0.25 vol.%) of diesel fuel. A wrong identification results may be obtained without taking into account presence of pointed polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Such complex cannot be found entirely in pure diesel fuel in initial or altered state because its components are below or about of limit of detection. Determined limit of detection for polyaromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene) is 1.8-2.2 μg/ml.

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22

Delaunay, W., R. Szűcs, S. Pascal, A. Mocanu, P. A. Bouit, L. Nyulászi, and M. Hissler. "Synthesis and electronic properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons doped with phosphorus and sulfur." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 5 (2016): 1896–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt04154f.

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23

Bhattacharyya, Kalishankar, Titas Kumar Mukhopadhyay, and Ayan Datta. "Controlling electronic effects and intermolecular packing in contorted polyaromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs): towards high mobility field effect transistors." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 22 (2016): 14886–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp02387h.

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24

Oyarzún, Andrea M., Christopher D. Latham, Ljubisa R. Radovic, Patrick R. Briddon, and Mark J. Rayson. "Spin density distributions on graphene clusters and ribbons with carbene-like active sites." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 42 (2018): 26968–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp03313g.

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25

Garrido-Sanz, Daniel, Miguel Redondo-Nieto, María Guirado, Oscar Pindado Jiménez, Rocío Millán, Marta Martin, and Rafael Rivilla. "Metagenomic Insights into the Bacterial Functions of a Diesel-Degrading Consortium for the Rhizoremediation of Diesel-Polluted Soil." Genes 10, no. 6 (June 14, 2019): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10060456.

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Diesel is a complex pollutant composed of a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Because of this complexity, diesel bioremediation requires multiple microorganisms, which harbor the catabolic pathways to degrade the mixture. By enrichment cultivation of rhizospheric soil from a diesel-polluted site, we have isolated a bacterial consortium that can grow aerobically with diesel and different alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as the sole carbon and energy source. Microbiome diversity analyses based on 16S rRNA gene showed that the diesel-degrading consortium consists of 76 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and it is dominated by Pseudomonas, Aquabacterium, Chryseobacterium, and Sphingomonadaceae. Changes in microbiome composition were observed when growing on specific hydrocarbons, reflecting that different populations degrade different hydrocarbons. Shotgun metagenome sequence analysis of the consortium growing on diesel has identified redundant genes encoding enzymes implicated in the initial oxidation of alkanes (AlkB, LadA, CYP450) and a variety of hydroxylating and ring-cleavage dioxygenases involved in aromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbon degradation. The phylogenetic assignment of these enzymes to specific genera allowed us to model the role of specific populations in the diesel-degrading consortium. Rhizoremediation of diesel-polluted soil microcosms using the consortium, resulted in an important enhancement in the reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), making it suited for rhizoremediation applications.

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26

Siciliano, Steven D., James J. Germida, Kathy Banks, and Charles W. Greer. "Changes in Microbial Community Composition and Function during a Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Phytoremediation Field Trial." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 1 (January 2003): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.1.483-489.2003.

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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which phytoremediation systems promote hydrocarbon degradation in soil. The composition and degradation capacity of the bulk soil microbial community during the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with aged hydrocarbons was assessed. In the bulk soil, the level of catabolic genes involved in hydrocarbon degradation (ndoB, alkB, and xylE) as well as the mineralization of hexadecane and phenanthrene was higher in planted treatment cells than in treatment cells with no plants. There was no detectable shift in the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) composition of the bulk soil community between treatments, but there were plant-specific and -selective effects on specific catabolic gene prevalence. Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) increased the prevalence of ndoB, alkB, and xylE as well as naphthalene mineralization in rhizosphere soil compared to that in bulk soil. In contrast, Rose Clover (Trifolium hirtum) decreased catabolic gene prevalence and naphthalene mineralization in rhizosphere soil. The results demonstrated that phytoremediation systems increase the catabolic potential of rhizosphere soil by altering the functional composition of the microbial community. This change in composition was not detectable by 16S rDNA but was linked to specific functional genotypes with relevance to petroleum hydrocarbon degradation.

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27

Hall, Emma A., Md Raihan Sarkar, and Stephen G. Bell. "The selective oxidation of substituted aromatic hydrocarbons and the observation of uncoupling via redox cycling during naphthalene oxidation by the CYP101B1 system." Catalysis Science & Technology 7, no. 7 (2017): 1537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cy00088j.

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28

Menon, Angiras, Jochen A. H. Dreyer, Jacob W. Martin, Jethro Akroyd, John Robertson, and Markus Kraft. "Optical band gap of cross-linked, curved, and radical polyaromatic hydrocarbons." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 29 (2019): 16240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp02363a.

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29

Gong, Chenhao, Haiou Huang, Yu Qian, Zhongguo Zhang, and Hongbin Wu. "Integrated electrocoagulation and membrane filtration for PAH removal from realistic industrial wastewater: effectiveness and mechanisms." RSC Advances 7, no. 83 (2017): 52366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra09372a.

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30

Márquez, Irene R., Silvia Castro-Fernández, Alba Millán, and Araceli G. Campaña. "Synthesis of distorted nanographenes containing seven- and eight-membered carbocycles." Chemical Communications 54, no. 50 (2018): 6705–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc02325e.

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31

Panahi, S. F. K. S., Afshin Namiranian, Maryam Soleimani, and Maryam Jamaati. "Electron transport in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/boron nitride hybrid structures: density functional theory combined with the nonequilibrium Green's function." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 6 (2018): 4160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp07260k.

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32

Shiina, Yuta, Hideaki Karasaki, Shigeki Mori, Nagao Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Furuta, and Soji Shimizu. "A novel isoindole-containing polyaromatic hydrocarbon unexpectedly formed during the synthesis of meso-2,6-dichlorophenyl-substituted tribenzosubporphyrin." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 20, no. 08n11 (August 2016): 1049–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424616500541.

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A novel isoindole-containing polyaromatic hydrocarbon was unexpectedly formed during the synthesis of meso-2,6-dichlorophenyl-substituted tribenzosubporphyrin from a reaction of phthalimide and 2,6-dichlorophenylacetic acid in the presence of boric acid. Due to the highly annulated structure, this molecule exhibited blue color in solution, which was theoretically well reproduced by the HOMO–LUMO transitions based on the time-dependent DFT calculation. In this manuscript, the synthesis and properties of this polyaromatic hydrocarbon [Formula: see text]and meso-2,6-dichlorophenyl-substituted tribenzosubporphyrin are reported.

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33

Collins, Karl D., Roman Honeker, Suhelen Vásquez-Céspedes, Dan-Tam D. Tang, and Frank Glorius. "C–H arylation of triphenylene, naphthalene and related arenes using Pd/C." Chemical Science 6, no. 3 (2015): 1816–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sc03051f.

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Dinda, Soumitra, Sarat Chandra Patra, Subhadip Roy, Supriyo Halder, Thomas Weyhermüller, Kausikisankar Pramanik, and Sanjib Ganguly. "Coligand driven diverse organometallation in benzothiazolyl-hydrazone derivatized pyrene: ortho vs. peri C–H activation." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 4 (2020): 1407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj05088d.

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35

Pham, Buu Q., and Mark S. Gordon. "Thermodynamics and kinetics of graphene chemistry: a graphene hydrogenation prototype study." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 48 (2016): 33274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp05687c.

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36

Disnar, J. R., and Y. Héroux. "Dégradation et lessivage des hydrocarbures de la formation ordovicienne de Thumb Mountain encaissant le gîte Zn–Pb de Polaris (Territoires du Nord-Ouest, Canada)." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 1017–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e95-084.

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Carbonate rocks of the Ordovician Thumb Mountain Formation, host to the Zn–Pb Polaris deposit, contain hydrocarbons that show types of alteration classically attributed to biodegradation and water washing. The hydrocarbons of the upper part of this formation and of the overlying Irene Bay Formation indicate alterations due to water washing only. The hydrocarbons of the impermeable shales of the overlying Cape Phillips Formation display indices of only higher thermal maturity than the underlying units. Contrary to classical concepts of hydrocarbon biodegradation, n-alkanes, cyclohexylalkanes, even isoprenoids and perhaps also steranes seem to have been degraded simultaneously and not successively in this sequence. This alteration process is mainly responsible for a log-linear decrease of the amounts of n-alkanes and cyclohexylalkanes with increasing depth. The severe and uniform alteration of aromatic hydrocarbons throughout the interval, which is opposite to the progressive alteration of associated n-alkanes, can be attributed solely to water washing. This conclusion necessitates a reconsideration of previous interpretations attributing the loss of short-side chain substituted polyaromatic compounds to microbial activity. Hopanes, tri-and tetra–cyclic terpanes as well as aromatic steroids and hopanoids seem to have been unaffected by the alteration phenomena. The increase in the degree of alteration of the hydrocarbons with increasing depth implies that the responsible migrating fluid circulated per ascensum.

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37

Mahurin, R. G., and R. L. Bernstein. "Fluorocarbon-enhanced mutagenesis of polyaromatic hydrocarbons." Environmental Research 45, no. 1 (February 1988): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-9351(88)80012-4.

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38

Wang, Cong, Malik Hill, Brandon Theard, and James Mack. "A solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of polyaromatic hydrocarbon derivatives." RSC Advances 9, no. 48 (2019): 27888–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04921e.

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39

Chesnokov, V. V., A. S. Chichkan, and V. N. Parmon. "The effect of a nickel-containing catalyst on the tar carbonization process." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 1, no. 1-2 (March 18, 2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2021-1-2-7-14.

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Tar carbonization was studied in the absence or presence of the 7% Ni/CNT catalyst. It was shown that tar carbonization at a temperature of 350 °С without the catalyst leads to the formation of gaseous and liquid products and oil coke. Thermolysis products are formed via the separation of lateral hydrocarbon chains from the initial polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Gaseous products consist of С1-С6 hydrocarbons and sulfur-containing gases H2S and COS. Fractional composition of the liquid thermolysis products was studied. It was found that 50 % of the liquid products are represented by gasoline and diesel fractions. The 7% Ni/CNT catalyst was prepared by impregnation. The effect of this catalyst on the tar carbonization in the temperature range of 300–550 °С was studied. The addition of the 7% Ni/CNT catalyst to tar increased its yield and decreased the sulfur content due to partial conversion of sulfur to hydrogen sulfide and COS, which are removed with the gas phase. The electron microscopy study showed that the oil coke obtained upon catalytic tar carbonization is reinforced with carbon nanotubes.

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40

Williams, Tyler J., Jacob R. Bills, and R. Kenneth Marcus. "Mass spectrometric characteristics and preliminary figures of merit for polyaromatic hydrocarbons via the liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge microplasma." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 35, no. 11 (2020): 2475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ja00373e.

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The versatility of the LS-APGD microplasma is extended beyond elemental and polar molecular species to non-polar, low molecular weight polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Insights into ionization mechanisms are gained, with preliminary LODs determined.

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41

Dziuba, M., I. Navrotskaya, R. Brovko, and V. Doluda. "Methanol / Dimethyl Ether Catalytic Transformation Over Zn-modified H-ZSN-5 Zeolite." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/54/02.

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The universally depleting reserves of traditional hydrocarbons require the development of a technology for producing synthetic hydrocarbons from renewable sources or human waste. Currently, among the possible methods for producing synthetic hydrocarbons, it is necessary to note the Fischer–Tropsch method and the method of methanol / dimethyl ether catalytic transformation. Moreover, the production of synthetic hydrocarbons from synthesis gas — the Fischer–Tropsch method, is suitable for the production of linear hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons synthesis using methanol / dimethyl ether is suitable for the production of olefins, branched paraffins, aromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Depending on the synthesis conditions, it is possible to preferentially obtain a certain type of hydrocarbon, which significantly increases the value of this process. In this article modification of zeolite type H-ZSM-5 with zinc is studied in order to increase the yield of liquid hydrocarbons. Zeolite in acid form was treated with zinс acetate solutions of different concentrations, followed by calcination of the samples. The efficiency of the catalysts was studied in a flow tube reactor set-up, and the surface acidity of the samples was also determined. An increase in the zinc content in zeolite contributed to a decrease in the acidity of the samples and modification of their active centers. However, at high zinc content, a separate oxide phase forms, which contributes to a slight increase in acidity. Modification of zeolite with zinc leads to a decrease in the rate of transformation of dimethyl ether and the rate of liquid hydrocarbons formation. However, a general decrease in acidity and modification of zeolite with zinc contributes to a significant decrease in the amount of heavy aromatic compounds formed, with an increase in the amount of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons being formed.

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Filatov, D. A., M. A. Kopytov, V. S. Ovsyannikova, and E. A. Elchaninova. "Oxidation of a Mixture of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons by a Mixed Culture of Hydrocarbon-Oxidizing Microorganisms." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 23, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj1034.

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The possibility of biochemical oxidation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon mixtures (PAHs) by the mixed culture of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms (HOM) in a liquid medium and soil was investigated. The mixed HOM culture was represented by Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus cereus, and Arthrobacter globiformis genera. It was shown that during HOM cultivation of the microorganisms under study in the liquid medium their number increases from 0.25·104 to 11·108 CFU/ml, which is accompanied by an increase in their oxygenase activity. All PAHs identified were subjected to oxidation from 11.3 to 100%. The results of experiments on biodegradation of PAHs under natural conditions have shown that for 60 days the total utilization of oil products in soils was on the average 65% of the initial contamination. This suggests the prospects for the use of the mixed HOM culture under study for effective biodegradation of PAHs polluting soil and waste waters.

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Chelang'at Mosonik, Maryanne, Roberto Volpe, Chinonso Ezenwajiaku, Midhat Talibi, and Ramanarayanan Balachandran. "In situ observation of the evolution of polyaromatic tar precursors in packed-bed biomass pyrolysis." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 6, no. 9 (2021): 1538–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1re00032b.

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In situ planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) shows the effects of pyrolysis peak temperature and holding time on the formation of 3–5 rings polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the vapour phase during pyrolysis of biomass samples.

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44

Wicht, Merrill M., Hong Su, Nikoletta B. Báthori, and Luigi R. Nassimbeni. "Werner clathrate formation with polyaromatic hydrocarbons: comparison of different crystallisation methods." CrystEngComm 18, no. 14 (2016): 2509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ce02185e.

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Werner clathrates of bis-isothiocyanato tetrakis-vinylpyridine nickel(ii), with polyaromatic hydrocarbons were formed by a variety of methods such as solution crystallization, grinding, slurrying and co-melting; single crystal structures and kinetic properties are discussed.

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45

Dinda, Soumitra, Syamantak Roy, Sarat Chandra Patra, Subhrajyoti Bhandary, Kausikisankar Pramanik, and Sanjib Ganguly. "Polyaromatic hydrocarbon derivatized azo-oximes of cobalt(iii) for the ligand-redox controlled electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 9 (2020): 3737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj05527d.

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46

Thomas, Michael, Irene Suarez-Martinez, Li-Juan Yu, Amir Karton, Graham S. Chandler, Marc Robinson, Isabelle Cherchneff, Dahbia Talbi, and Dino Spagnoli. "Atomistic simulations of the aggregation of small aromatic molecules in homogenous and heterogenous mixtures." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 37 (2020): 21005–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp02622k.

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47

Buzzetti, Paulo Henrique M., Pierre-Yves Blanchard, Emerson Marcelo Girotto, Yuta Nishina, Serge Cosnier, Alan Le Goff, and Michael Holzinger. "Insights into carbon nanotube-assisted electro-oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for mediated bioelectrocatalysis." Chemical Communications 57, no. 71 (2021): 8957–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc02958d.

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Polyaromatic hydrocarbons were electro-oxidized on CNT electrodes and studied towards their capacity to transfer electrons from the enzyme FAD-GDH to the electrode. A mixture of electro-oxidized pyrene and pyrene NHS gave high performing biocathodes.

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48

Sari, Endang Maya, Riryn Novianty, Amir Awaluddin, Saryono Saryono, and Nova Wahyu Pratiwi. "EFFECTIVENESS OF CRUDE OIL DEGRADING FUNGI ISOLATED FROM PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATED SOIL IN SIAK, RIAU." Acta Biochimica Indonesiana 2, no. 1 (September 21, 2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32889/actabioina.v2i1.35.

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Background: Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon needs a specific technique called bioremediation to remove the environmental pollutants. Several indigenous microorganisms including fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes are effective agents in degrading petroleum derivatives, aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).Objective: This research aimed to investigate indigenous fungi isolates from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil in Siak which are capable to degrade hydrocarbon.Methods: The competence of indigenous fungi was isolated from a crude oil-contaminated soil which collected from one of oil-field in Siak, Riau. The effectiveness of isolates on the degradation crude oil was tested by culturing the isolates in Bushnell-Haas broth containing crude oil (5% v/v) for 16 days. A decrease in pH, change in optical density and amount of CO2 released were recorded to indirectly indicate the crude oil degradation by the fungi. To measure the percentage of crude oil biodegradation, gravimetric analysis was utilized.Results: The two colonies were selected and identified as Aspergillus sp LBKURCC151 and Penicillium sp LBKURCC153. The results showed that Aspergillus sp LBKURCC151 reached a higher level (61%) of biodegradation after 16 days under the optimum conditions in degrading total petroleum hydrocarbon than Penicillium sp LBKURCC153 (46%).Conclusion: These results indicated that Aspergillus sp LBKURCC151 and Penicillium sp LBKURCC153 are potential degraders for bioremediation in crude oil-contaminated area.

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Peeb, Angela, Nga Phuong Dang, Marika Truu, Hiie Nõlvak, Chris Petrich, and Jaak Truu. "Assessment of Hydrocarbon Degradation Potential in Microbial Communities in Arctic Sea Ice." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020328.

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The anthropogenic release of oil hydrocarbons into the cold marine environment is an increasing concern due to the elevated usage of sea routes and the exploration of new oil drilling sites in Arctic areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate prokaryotic community structures and the genetic potential of hydrocarbon degradation in the metagenomes of seawater, sea ice, and crude oil encapsulating the sea ice of the Norwegian fjord, Ofotfjorden. Although the results indicated substantial differences between the structure of prokaryotic communities in seawater and sea ice, the crude oil encapsulating sea ice (SIO) showed increased abundances of many genera-containing hydrocarbon-degrading organisms, including Bermanella, Colwellia, and Glaciecola. Although the metagenome of seawater was rich in a variety of hydrocarbon degradation-related functional genes (HDGs) associated with the metabolism of n-alkanes, and mono- and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, most of the normalized gene counts were highest in the clean sea ice metagenome, whereas in SIO, these counts were the lowest. The long-chain alkane degradation gene almA was detected from all the studied metagenomes and its counts exceeded ladA and alkB counts in both sea ice metagenomes. In addition, almA was related to the most diverse group of prokaryotic genera. Almost all 18 good- and high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) had diverse HDGs profiles. The MAGs recovered from the SIO metagenome belonged to the abundant taxa, such as Glaciecola, Bermanella, and Rhodobacteracea, in this environment. The genera associated with HDGs were often previously known as hydrocarbon-degrading genera. However, a substantial number of new associations, either between already known hydrocarbon-degrading genera and new HDGs or between genera not known to contain hydrocarbon degraders and multiple HDGs, were found. The superimposition of the results of comparing HDG associations with taxonomy, the HDG profiles of MAGs, and the full genomes of organisms in the KEGG database suggest that the found relationships need further investigation and verification.

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JURKOVÁ, M., D. ČADKOVÁ, and J. ČULÍK. "The assessment of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in beer." Kvasny Prumysl 42, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18832/kp1996019.

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