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Academic literature on the topic 'Polyandry'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Polyandry"

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Boulton, Rebecca A., and David M. Shuker. "Polyandry." Current Biology 23, no. 24 (December 2013): R1080—R1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.042.

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Pannell, John R., and Anne-Marie Labouche. "The incidence and selection of multiple mating in plants." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1613 (March 5, 2013): 20120051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0051.

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Mating with more than one pollen donor, or polyandry, is common in land plants. In flowering plants, polyandry occurs when the pollen from different potential sires is distributed among the fruits of a single individual, or when pollen from more than one donor is deposited on the same stigma. Because polyandry typically leads to multiple paternity among or within fruits, it can be indirectly inferred on the basis of paternity analysis using molecular markers. A review of the literature indicates that polyandry is probably ubiquitous in plants except those that habitually self-fertilize, or that disperse their pollen in pollen packages, such as polyads or pollinia. Multiple mating may increase plants' female component by alleviating pollen limitation or by promoting competition among pollen grains from different potential sires. Accordingly, a number of traits have evolved that should promote polyandry at the flower level from the female's point of view, e.g. the prolongation of stigma receptivity or increases in stigma size. However, many floral traits, such as attractiveness, the physical manipulation of pollinators and pollen-dispensing mechanisms that lead to polyandrous pollination, have probably evolved in response to selection to promote male siring success in general, so that polyandry might often best be seen as a by-product of selection to enhance outcross siring success. In this sense, polyandry in plants is similar to geitonogamy (selfing caused by pollen transfer among flowers of the same plant), because both polyandry and geitonogamy probably result from selection to promote outcross siring success, although geitonogamy is almost always deleterious while polyandry in plants will seldom be so.
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Huchard, Elise, Cindy I. Canale, Chloé Le Gros, Martine Perret, Pierre-Yves Henry, and Peter M. Kappeler. "Convenience polyandry or convenience polygyny? Costly sex under female control in a promiscuous primate." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1732 (October 5, 2011): 1371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1326.

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Classic sex roles depict females as choosy, but polyandry is widespread. Empirical attempts to understand the evolution of polyandry have often focused on its adaptive value to females, whereas ‘convenience polyandry’ might simply decrease the costs of sexual harassment. We tested whether constraint-free female strategies favour promiscuity over mating selectivity through an original experimental design. We investigated variation in mating behaviour in response to a reversible alteration of sexual dimorphism in body mass in the grey mouse lemur, a small primate where female brief sexual receptivity allows quantifying polyandry. We manipulated body condition in captive females, predicting that convenience polyandry would increase when females are weaker than males, thus less likely to resist their solicitations. Our results rather support the alternative hypothesis of ‘adaptive polyandry’: females in better condition are more polyandrous. Furthermore, we reveal that multiple mating incurs significant energetic costs, which are strikingly symmetrical between the sexes. Our study shows that mouse lemur females exert tight control over mating and actively seek multiple mates. The benefits of remating are nevertheless not offset by its costs in low-condition females, suggesting that polyandry is a flexible strategy yielding moderate fitness benefits in this small mammal.
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Gyanwali, Gokarna P., and Ram H. Dhakal. "Polyandry Marriage Pattern in Highland People of Nepal." Molung Educational Frontier 14 (July 22, 2024): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mef.v14i01.67897.

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Polyandry is a pattern of marriage in which a woman has more than one husband. It has been a common practice of marriage around the world since the historical period. There have been various forms of polyandry in Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America, and America (snowbird of paradise, 2024). Among them, fraternal polyandry is common in most parts of the world. The polyandry system has also been common in most parts of Nepal in various forms. This article describes the present practice and situation of polyandry in the world as well as in the highland region of Nepal. This research is concerned with the study of the practice of polyandry in the upper Mustang of Nepal. For this research, the primary and secondary data are collected from the field and secondary sources like the Rural Municipality chairperson and local people for the case study. The major findings are that polyandry is prevalent in high hill and Himalayan regions of Nepal. It is arranged by the parents of girls or boys due to economic, social, biological, and cultural factors in the Himalayan region of Nepal.
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Middleton, Alex L. A. "Polyandry in the mating system of the American Goldfinch, Carduelis tristis." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-044.

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For the first time, regular and recurring classical polyandry is documented in a passerine species, the American Goldfinch. Between 1979 and 1985, five cases of polyandry were documented through observations at the nests of colour-banded birds. Based on the timing of second broods combined with a change of mates, an additional seven cases of polyandry were suspected to have occurred between 1969 and 1978. Polyandry was attempted by females with previous breeding experience and provided a successful strategy for producing a second brood in a short breeding season. The fledging success of known polyandrous females was 7.4 ± 0.81 young per season compared with 2.3 ± 0.22 for nests of all other females. Polyandry occurred at a minimum of 4.9% of all nests at Guelph.
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Price, Tom A. R., Amanda Bretman, Ana C. Gradilla, Julia Reger, Michelle L. Taylor, Paulina Giraldo-Perez, Amy Campbell, Gregory D. D. Hurst, and Nina Wedell. "Does polyandry control population sex ratio via regulation of a selfish gene?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1783 (May 22, 2014): 20133259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3259.

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The extent of female multiple mating (polyandry) can strongly impact on the intensity of sexual selection, sexual conflict, and the evolution of cooperation and sociality. More subtly, polyandry may protect populations against intragenomic conflicts that result from the invasion of deleterious selfish genetic elements (SGEs). SGEs commonly impair sperm production, and so are likely to be unsuccessful in sperm competition, potentially reducing their transmission in polyandrous populations. Here, we test this prediction in nature. We demonstrate a heritable latitudinal cline in the degree of polyandry in the fruitfly Drosophila pseudoobscura across the USA, with northern population females remating more frequently in both the field and the laboratory. High remating was associated with low frequency of a sex-ratio-distorting meiotic driver in natural populations. In the laboratory, polyandry directly controls the frequency of the driver by undermining its transmission. Hence we suggest that the cline in polyandry represents an important contributor to the cline in sex ratio in nature. Furthermore, as the meiotic driver causes sex ratio bias, variation in polyandry may ultimately determine population sex ratio across the USA, a dramatic impact of female mating decisions. As SGEs are ubiquitous it is likely that the reduction of intragenomic conflict by polyandry is widespread.
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Gurung, Juddha Bahadur. "Rapid Cultural Change: A Case Study of Polyandry Marriage System among the Gurung Community from Upper Mustang, Nepal." Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 6 (August 25, 2013): 75–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v6i0.8480.

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Nepal is multi ethnic, multi lingual and multi cultural country. In Upper Mustang polyandry is practiced by Loba communities. However, the condition of polyandry is dying out at present. The young are not in favor of this system. Socio-economic, political, seasonal migration, tourism and developmental factors have played crucial role in this regards. From conservation perspective polyandry played crucial role to manage local resources and in population dynamics in the past. This paper is based on field survey carried out in two different time periods (1998 and 2008) in order to compare or understand changing pattern of polyandry. In last couple of years, polyandry system has changed very rapidly in Loba communities of Upper Mustang. Rising community awareness, multiple economic opportunities, improve communication, foreign employment, modern education, open tourism, road access and other visual and in visual forces has lead society from close to open and more wider side or increase the horizon of young generation. Polyandry system is directly affected. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v6i0.8480 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 6, 2012 75-106
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Kok, Jan, Luc Bulten, and Bente M. de Leede. "Persecuted or permitted? Fraternal Polyandry in a Calvinist colony, Sri Lanka (Ceylon), seventeenth and eighteenth centuries." Continuity and Change 36, no. 3 (December 2021): 331–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416021000308.

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AbstractSeveral studies assume that Calvinist Christianity severely undermined or even persecuted the practice of polyandry in the Sri Lankan areas under Dutch control. We analyze Dutch colonial policy and Church activities toward polyandry by combining ecclesiastical and legal sources. Moreover, we use the Dutch colonial administration of the Sinhalese population to estimate the prevalence of polyandry. We conclude that polyandry was far from extinct by the end of the Dutch period and we argue that the colonial government was simply not knowledgeable, interested and effective enough to persecute the practice in the rural areas under its control.
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Boulton, Rebecca A., and David M. Shuker. "A sex allocation cost to polyandry in a parasitoid wasp." Biology Letters 11, no. 6 (June 2015): 20150205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0205.

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The costs and benefits of polyandry are central to understanding the near-ubiquity of female multiple mating. Here, we present evidence of a novel cost of polyandry: disrupted sex allocation. In Nasonia vitripennis , a species that is monandrous in the wild but engages in polyandry under laboratory culture conditions, sexual harassment during oviposition results in increased production of sons under conditions that favour female-biased sex ratios. In addition, females more likely to re-mate under harassment produce the least female-biased sex ratios, and these females are unable to mitigate this cost by increasing offspring production. Our results therefore argue that polyandry does not serve to mitigate the costs of harassment (convenience polyandry) in Nasonia . Furthermore, because males benefit from female-biased offspring sex ratios, harassment of ovipositing females also creates a novel cost of that harassment for males.
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Sutter, Andreas, and Anna K. Lindholm. "Detrimental effects of an autosomal selfish genetic element on sperm competitiveness in house mice." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1811 (July 22, 2015): 20150974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0974.

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Female multiple mating (polyandry) is widespread across many animal taxa and indirect genetic benefits are a major evolutionary force favouring polyandry. An incentive for polyandry arises when multiple mating leads to sperm competition that disadvantages sperm from genetically inferior mates. A reduction in genetic quality is associated with costly selfish genetic elements (SGEs), and studies in invertebrates have shown that males bearing sex ratio distorting SGEs are worse sperm competitors than wild-type males. We used a vertebrate model species to test whether females can avoid an autosomal SGE, the t haplotype, through polyandry. The t haplotype in house mice exhibits strong drive in t heterozygous males by affecting spermatogenesis and is associated with homozygous in utero lethality. We used controlled matings to test the effect of the t haplotype on sperm competitiveness. Regardless of mating order, t heterozygous males sired only 11% of zygotes when competing against wild-type males, suggesting a very strong effect of the t haplotype on sperm quality. We provide, to our knowledge, the first substantial evidence that polyandry ameliorates the harmful effects of an autosomal SGE arising through genetic incompatibility. We discuss potential mechanisms in our study species and the broader implications for the benefits of polyandry.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polyandry"

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Butchart, Stuart Howard Miles. "Sexual conflicts and polyandry in bronze-winged jacanas." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624987.

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Ronkainen, K. (Katri). "Polyandry, multiple mating and sexual conflict in a water strider, Aquarius paludum." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526212364.

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Abstract Sexual selection results from competition between individuals over access to gametes of the opposite sex. Starting with anisogamy, with females producing larger and fewer gametes than males, females usually invest more in reproduction and thus have lower potential reproductive rates than males. Therefore males are traditionally suggested to compete over females whereas females are choosy. The different evolutionary interests between the sexes result in different selection regimes considering e.g. mating rates. In some species, this conflict is even seen as apparent struggles between males and females over mating decision and/or duration, resulting in antagonistic coevolution with both sexes evolving adaptations to gain more control over the other sex. In this thesis, I studied the role of A. paludum female abdominal spines as an adaptation to reject male mating attempts. I studied both the effect of polyandry and multiple matings on female fecundity to distinguish between the potential material and genetic benefits from mating to females. I also explored the role of various male and female morphological traits on precopulatory sexual selection and the consequent female reproductive output. My results show that female abdominal spines are likely evolved through arms races between the sexes to increase female control over mating decision but according to my studies, female spines are not under active selection. Instead, certain male morphological types were more successful in achieving matings, and mating with these males also increased female fecundity. I found that multiple matings increase female fecundity up to a point, supporting a theory of optimal female mating rate. According to my results, the benefits from multiple mating to A. paludum females result from material origin whereas polyandry per se is even detrimental to female fecundity
Tiivistelmä Seksuaalivalinta on pohjimmiltaan seurausta yksilöiden välisestä, lisääntymiseen liittyvästä kilpailusta toisen sukupuolen sukusoluista. Seksuaalivalinta on evoluutiomekanismi, joka osaltaan on johtanut sukupuolten välisiin eroihin monissa morfologisissa ja käyttäytymiseen liittyvissä ominaisuuksissa. Sukupuolet eroavat jo siinä, että naaraat tuottavat vähemmän mutta suurempia sukusoluja kuin koiraat. Koska sukupuolet siis investoivat lisääntymiseen jo alkuvaiheessa eri tavalla, niiden välillä on aina jonkin asteinen seksuaalikonflikti. Konfliktin taustalla on sukupuoliin kohdistuva erilainen valintapaine; koiraat saavuttavat usein optimaalisen hedelmällisyytensä suuremmilla parittelujen määrällä kuin naaraat. Joillakin eläinlajeilla seksuaalikonflikti on niin ilmeinen, että se ilmenee koiraan ja naaraan välisinä kamppailutilanteina parittelupäätöksen ja/tai parittelun keston suhteen. Seksuaalikonflikti voi johtaa molemmilla sukupuolilla erilaisiin sopeumiin, jotka lisäävät yksilön kontrollia parittelujen suhteen. Tässä väitöskirjatyössä tutkin naaraan takapäässä sijaitsevien abdominaalisten piikkien merkitystä järvivesimittari A. paludum-naaraiden kyvyssä torjua parittelemaan pyrkiviä koiraita. Tutkin myös polyandrian ja toistuvien parittelujen vaikutusta naaraan hedelmällisyyteen saadakseni selville, lisäävätkö koiraasta johtuvat mahdolliset materiaaliset tai geneettiset tekijät naaraan hedelmällisyyttä. Lisäksi selvitin useiden koiraan ja naaraan morfologisten ominaisuuksien yhteyttä parittelua edeltävään seksuaalivalintaan sekä naaraan hedelmällisyyteen. Tulokseni osoittavat, että naaraan abdominaaliset piikit ovat todennäköisesti kehittyneet seksuaalikonfliktin seurauksena lisäämään naaraan kontrollia parittelupäätöksen suhteen. Niihin ei kuitenkaan nykyisellään näytä kohdistuvan merkittävää valintapainetta. Sen sijaan morfologialtaan tietynlaiset koirastyypit vaikuttavat olevan aktiivisen valinnan kohteena ja parittelu tällaisten koiraiden kanssa lisää myös naaraan hedelmällisyyttä. Toistuvat parittelut saman koiraan kanssa lisäävät naaraan hedelmällisyyttä tiettyyn optimiin asti, mikä tukee teoriaa optimaalisesta parittelujen määrästä. Sen sijaan polyandria itsessään vaikuttaa naaraan hedelmällisyyteen jopa heikentävästi. Niinpä A. paludum-naaraiden saama hyöty useista paritteluista näyttää olevan materiaalista, kun taas polyandriasta saatavia geneettisiä etuja ei tässä tutkimuksessa tullut ilmi
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Nilsson, Tina. "Polyandry and the evolution of reproductive divergence in insects." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-181.

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Firman, Renee C. "The evolutionary implications of polyandry in house mice (Mus domesticus)." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0162.

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[Truncated abstract] Despite the costs associated with mating, females of many taxa solicit multiple mates during a single reproductive event (polyandry). Polyandry is clearly adaptive when females gain direct benefits from males at mating. However, polyandry has also been shown to increase female fitness in the absence of direct benefits. Thus, a number of genetic benefit hypotheses have been developed to account for the origin of this behaviour. Although not mutually exclusive, a distinction lays between genetic benefits that propose defense against reproductive failure (nonadditive genetic effects), and those that propose benefits from intrinsic sire effects (additive genetic effects). Nonadditive genetic benefits of polyandry have been documented in a number of species; by soliciting multiple mates females can avoid inbreeding and other forms of incompatibility between parental genotypes. Polyandry may also increase female reproductive success when genetically superior males have greater success in sperm competition, and produce better quality offspring. An inevitable consequence of polyandry is that sperm from rival males will overlap in the female reproductive tract and compete to fertilise the ova. The outcome of sperm competition is typically determined by bias in sperm use by the females, interactions between parental genotypes, and ejaculate characteristics that provide a fertilisation advantage. Thus, sperm competition is recognised as a persuasive force in the evolution of male reproductive traits. Comparative analyses across species, and competitive mating trials within species have suggested that sperm competition can influence the evolution of testis size and sperm production, and both sperm form and sperm function. ... After six generations of selection I observed phenotypic divergence in litter size - litter size increased in the polyandrous lines but not in the monandrous lines. This result was not attributable to inbreeding depression, or environmental/maternal effects associated with mating regime. Genetic benefits associated with polyandry could account for this result if increased litter size were attributable to increased embryo survival. However, males from the polyandrous lineages were subject to sperm competition, and evolved ejaculates with more sperm, suggesting that evolutionary increases in litter size may in part be due to improved male fertility. Finally, Chapter Five is an investigation of the natural variation in levels of polyandry in the wild, and the potential for sperm competition to drive macroevolutionary changes in male reproductive traits among geographically isolated island populations of house mice. I sampled seven island populations of house mice along the coast of Western Australia and, by genotyping pregnant females and their offspring, determined the frequency of multiply sired litters within each population. I applied the frequency of multiple paternity as an index of the risk of sperm competition, and looked for selective responses in testis size and ejaculate traits. I found that the risk of sperm competition predicted testis size across the seven island populations. However, variation in sperm traits was not explained by the risk of sperm competition. I discuss these results in relation to sperm competition theory, and extrinsic factors that influence ejaculate quality.
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Ivy, Tracie Marie Sakaluk Scott Kitchener. "The evolution of polyandry in the decorated cricket, Gryllodes sigillatus." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1221741601&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1176386432&clientId=43838.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2005.
Title from title page screen, viewed April 12, 2007. Dissertation Committee: Scott K. Sakaluk (chair), Diane L. Byers, Steven A. Juliano, Sabine S. Loew, William L. Perry. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-114) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Herridge, Elizabeth J. "The role of polyandry in sexual selection among dance flies." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25013.

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Elaborate sexual ornaments evolve because mate choice exerts strong sexual selection favouring individuals with high levels of ornament expression. Consequently, even at evolutionary equilibrium, life history theory predicts that ornamental traits should be under directional sexual selection that opposes contrasting selection to reduce the costs associated with their maintenance. Otherwise, the resources used to maintain ornaments should be used to improve other life history functions. Elaborate female ornaments have only evolved in a few species, despite females commonly experiencing strong sexual selection. One explanation for this rarity is that male preferences for female ornaments may be self-limiting: females with higher mating success become less attractive because of the lower paternity share they provide to mates with every additional sperm competitor. The unusual species in which female ornaments do occur can provide rare insight into how selection can favour the expression of expensive characters in females despite their costs. The main goal of my thesis was to determine how sexual selection acts on exaggerated sexual ornaments, and give new insight into how these ornaments may have evolved, in spite of the self-limiting nature of selection on male preferences. To determine the strength of sexual selection acting on female ornamentation in dance flies, we developed new microsatellite markers to assess polyandry rates by genotyping stored sperm in wild female dance flies. We first used polyandry rates to determine whether ornament expression was associated with higher mating success in female Rhamphomyia longicauda, a species that has evolved two distinct and exaggerated female ornaments. Contrary to our predictions, we found no evidence that females with larger ornaments enjoy higher mating success. We then compared polyandry rates in R. longicauda to those of two other species of dance fly, one (Empis aestiva) that has i independently evolved female ornaments on its legs, and another (E. tessellata) that does not possess any discernable female ornaments. We also estimated the opportunity for sexual selection, which we found to be similar and relatively low in all three species. Moreover, the standardized sexual selection gradients for ornaments were weak and non-significant in all three species. Females with more elaborate ornaments, in both within- and cross-species comparisons, therefore did not enjoy higher mating success. Overall, these results suggested that sexual selection operates rather differently in females compared to males, potentially explaining the general rarity of female ornaments. Our amplifications of stored sperm were able to reveal more than just mate numbers. We developed new methods to study patterns of sperm storage in wild female dance flies. We investigated how the skew in sperm genotypes from mixed sperm stores changed with varying levels of polyandry. Our data suggested that sperm stores were dominated by a single male in R. longicauda, and that the proportion of sperm contributed by this dominant male was largely independent of the number of rival males’ sperm present in the spermatheca. These results were consistent with the expectation of males using sperm ‘offence strategies’ in sperm competition and that the most successful male is likely to be the female’s last partner before oviposition. As a whole, my thesis contributed new molecular resources for an understudied and fascinating group of organisms. It exploited these new resources to provide the first estimates of lifetime mating success in several related species, and suggested that the general prediction that ornament expression should covary with sexual selection intensity does not seem to hold in this group. Instead, both the unusual prevalence of ii ornaments and the inconsistent evidence for sexual selection that sustains them in dance flies may owe their existence to the confluence of two important factors. First, the conditions under which sperm competition occurs: as last male precedence is likely, males are selected to prefer the most gravid females to secure a high fraction of her offspring’s paternity as they are unlikely to mate again before oviposition. Second, potent sexually antagonistic coevolution between hungry females and discerning males: females have evolved ornaments to disguise their stage of egg maturity to receive the benefits of nuptial gifts, while males face the challenge of distinguishing between gravidity and ornamentation in females.
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Long, Christopher. "Testing for indirect benefits of polyandry in the Florida green turtle." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5982.

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Behavioral studies in the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) have indicated that promiscuous mating is commonplace. Though it has been shown that there is much variation in the rate of polyandry (females mating with multiple males), the drivers behind polyandry in this species are unknown. It has been speculated, but never demonstrated, that indirect benefits (fitness benefits resulting from offspring genetic diversity) play a role. However, previous tests of this hypothesis have limited scope of inference due to lack of environmental control. In this thesis, I attempted to study the indirect benefits of polyandry in Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge (ACNWR) green turtles, limiting environmental variation by selecting nests over two week periods in a small subset of the ACNWR. Through the use of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers, I show that 85.7% of ACNWR green turtle females mate with multiple males, the highest rate yet reported for green turtles. I was successful in limiting environmental variation; however, I was unable to make comparisons among nests with one or multiple fathers because of a limited sample size of single father nests. Regardless, my thesis provides preliminary evidence (number of males per nest) that the density of males off Florida's beaches may be relatively high, which is expected to be a driver behind the evolution of polyandry and likely plays a large role both in this population and the prevalence of multiple paternity in green turtles as a whole.
M.S.
Masters
Biology
Sciences
Biology
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Morimoto, Juliano. "Polyandry and nutrition : key modulators of sexual selection in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d0c59fbf-2d31-4959-8001-776a388a5898.

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Sexual selection is responsible for the evolution of formidable adaptations across the tree of life. Traditionally, sexual selection research has focused on male sexual displays and female choice. However, this approach ignores important social and environmental factors that can influence the operation of sexual selection. In this thesis, I aim to contribute to our knowledge of the effects of social and environmental factors, particularly those related to nutrition, on sexual selection. I investigate how the sexual behaviour of females and the nutritional and social environments of both sexes during larval and adult stages modulate sexual selection in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. First, I assess how female promiscuity ("polyandry") affects the strength of sexual selection and patterns of assortative mating in freely interacting populations. There is no current consensus for the conflicting results of previous studies showing that polyandry can have positive, negative or have negligible effect on the opportunity for sexual selection. Using a genetic knockout that increases female sexual receptivity, I show that increasing polyandry reduces the opportunity for sexual selection and shifts the relative role of sexual selection from pre- to post-copulatory in males without affecting assortative mating patterns in freely interacting populations. Next, I consider how plastic responses to nutritionally poor larval environments and adult social environments modulate sexual selection, an area that has been considerably ignored. I find that although nutritionally poor larval environments reduce individuals' mating and reproductive success, plastic responses to social environments might mitigate against these disadvantages. Moreover, I show that plastic responses to larval and social environments influence the relative role of pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection in males, regulate offspring traits through trans-generational effects and determine population fate. Finally, I consider whether male reproductive traits have distinct macronutrient (protein and carbohydrate) requirements, and whether males can regulate their feeding to attain a diet that satisfies the requirements for these traits. I find that both a high short-term rate of offspring production when males mate with virgin females, and a high total number of offspring sired when males mate with previously mated females, require carbohydrate-rich diets, whereas male attractiveness requires a balanced (1:1) macronutrient diet. Furthermore, I show that male protein intake can negatively affect female long-term reproduction when males mate with virgins, but not with previously mated females, revealing a novel intersexual effect of male nutrition. Thus, this thesis deepens our understanding of key evolutionary processes by revealing the negative effects of high polyandry and nutritionally poor larval environments on the operation of sexual selection as well as uncovering male nutritional compromise in the expression of reproductive traits.
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Worden, Bradley Dean. "Female mating behavior in the Beetle Tenebrio Molitor : polyandry and parasite-mediated sexual selection /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488205318511058.

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Katvala, M. (Mari). "Female reproduction and conspecific utilisation in an egg-carrying bug:-Who carries, who cares?" Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514269691.

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Abstract Female ability to exploit conspecifics in reproduction may have unusual expressions. I studied the reproductive behaviour of the golden egg bug (Phyllomorpha laciniata; Heteroptera, Coreidae) experimentally in the field and in the laboratory. Female golden egg bugs lay their eggs mainly on the backs of conspecific males and other females. Non-parental eggs are often carried. Occasionally, the eggs are laid on the food plant (Paronychia spp; Polycarpea, Caryophyllaceae) of the species but typically, those eggs survive poorly due to egg parasitism and predation. I explored the dependence of female reproduction on conspecific presence and encounter rate. I also studied female current reproductive state (which depends on if she has recently oviposited) in relation to her activity as well as male choice of a female. Female bugs preferred to oviposit on conspecifics when presented with a choice between a bug and a food plant. When alone females often did not lay eggs. Increased encounter rate with others increased female egg laying rate. Survival of carried eggs among bugs did not vary significantly although males received more eggs than females. Females with high current fecundity (mature eggs accumulated to reproductive tract) were more active than females with lower current fecundity (recently oviposited). Females with high current fecundity seemed to search for conspecifics to lay eggs on. Males also preferred to court females with high current fecundity. These females were more likely to oviposit immediately after mating, lowering the risk of female remating before oviposition. To conclude, conspecifics are important egg-laying substrates for female golden egg bugs. Conspecific availability affects female egg laying and the rate of egg production in short term. In particular, males are necessary for egg-laying females and they typically receive unrelated eggs when they court females. Sexual interactions resulting from female polyandry are crucial factors that maintain female egg laying on the backs of males and other females in the unique reproductive system of the golden egg bug.
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Books on the topic "Polyandry"

1

Bhatt, G. S. Women and polyandry in Rawain Jaunpur. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 1991.

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Peter. A study of polyandry in Indian sub continent. [Ghaziabad]: Asha Jyoti Book Sellers & Publishers, 2012.

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Kalejaiye, Dipo. Polygyny ; and, Polyandry: Two plays about marriage. London: Macmillan, 1985.

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Kumar, Raha Manis, and Coomar Palash Chandra 1956-, eds. Polyandry in India: Demographic, economic, social, religious, and psychological concomitants of plural marriages in women. Delhi: Gian Pub. House, 1987.

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Levine, Nancy E. The dynamics of polyandry: Kinship, domesticity, and population on the Tibetan border. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.

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author, Xu Shaoming, ed. Qing Zang Gaoyuan de hun yin he tu di: Yin ru xiong di gong qi zhi de fen xi = Qingzang Gaoyuan de hunyin he tudi : yinru xiongdi gongqizhi de fenx. Guangzhou: Zhongshan da xue chu ban she, 2013.

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author, Xu Shaoming, ed. Qing Zang Gaoyuan de hun yin he tu di: Yin ru xiong di gong qi zhi de fen xi. Taoyuan Shi: Chang ming wen hua you xian gong si, 2017.

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Banjue. Xizang nong qu yi qi fu duo hun yin de ren lei xue yan jiu (Zang wen Ying wen). Beijing: Zhongguo Zang xue chu ban she, 2014.

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Mengzhu, Zhang. Qing dai di ceng she hui "Yi qi duo fu" xian xiang zhi yan jiu. Taibei Shi: Guo li zheng zhi da xue li shi xue xi, 2013.

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Pitshandenge, I. Ngondo a. La polyandrie chez les bashilele du Kasaï occidental (Zaïre): Fonctionnement et rôles. Paris: CEPED, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polyandry"

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Frank, J. Howard, J. Howard Frank, Michael C. Thomas, Allan A. Yousten, F. William Howard, Robin M. Giblin-davis, John B. Heppner, et al. "Polyandry." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2986. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3035.

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McKay, Kimber. "Polyandry." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_119-1.

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Szala, A., and Todd K. Shackelford. "Polyandry." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1977-1.

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Szala, Anna, and Todd K. Shackelford. "Polyandry." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 5424–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_1977.

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Oring, Lewis W. "Avian Polyandry." In Current Ornithology, 309–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6784-4_7.

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Orfanidis, Georgios A. "Polyamory (Polygamy and Polyandry)." In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 1780–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24348-7_200097.

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Rosenfield, Kevin A. "Facultative Polyandry/Strategic Pluralism." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 2602–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_321.

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Rosenfield, Kevin A. "Facultative Polyandry/Strategic Pluralism." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_321-1.

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Orfanidis, Georgios A. "Polyamory (Polygamy and Polyandry)." In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 1–4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27771-9_200097-1.

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Hosken, D. J., and P. Stockley. "Benefits of Polyandry: A Life History Perspective." In Evolutionary Biology, 173–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5190-1_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polyandry"

1

Awad, Mona. "Unbalanced polyandry in wild caughtHarmoniaaxyridis." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93806.

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Trillo, Paula Alejandra. "Fitness effects of polyandry inAcromis sparsa(Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92790.

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Weber, Rasa. "A Sympoietic Ocean. Design research with/in the marine holobiont." In 28th International Symposium on Electronic Art. Paris: Ecole des arts decoratifs - PSL, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69564/isea2023-90-full-weber-et-al-a-sympoietic-ocean.

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In the face of profound human impact on planetary systems, the global ocean, as the main source of life, is fundamentally transforming its interactions, flows, and ecologies. These critical changes raise questions of other-than-human cohabitation beyond the terrestrial. In response to these radical ecological changes, a growing branch of the design discipline is currently struggling to free itself from a production-oriented paradigm of industrial modernity and reorganizes its methods toward forms of interspecies collaboration with/in environments of anthropogenic change. In this paper, I argue for activating the evolutionary theory of Symbiogenesis (Margulis, Kozo-Polyansky, Meresch-kowsky) and its relevance for a holistic view of the ocean as a starting point for challenging and reinventing our disciplinary protocols. The article follows Haraway’s notion of sympoïesis, adopting it for the design discipline. The evolutionary model of Symbiogenesis offers a new perspective on the role of design as a facilitator for collaborative forms of making and shared survival. The coral reef, as a prototypical space for symbiotic system relationships, serves as an experimental contact zone for designing these interspecies encounters. Design research in underwater environments, could help us to align the design discipline with a new conceptual framework that I propose to call Sympoïetic Design.
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Kondratyeva, Т. L., I. G. Ushakova, I. A. Trotsenko, Yu V. Korchevskaya, and G. А. Gorelkina. "State, problems and prospects of water supply for small settlements on the example of the Russko-Polyansky district of the Omsk region." In III INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES 2022). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0163594.

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Serikova, V. I. "STUDY OF THE FEATURES OF SPORE REPRODUCTION, ONTOGENETIC STAGES AND CULTIVATION OF SOME SPECIES OF FERNS OF REGIONAL FLORA DURING INTRODUCTION IN BOTANICAL GARDEN BY THE NAME OF PROFESSOR B.M. KOZO-POLYANSKY OF THE VORONEZH STATE UNIVERSITY." In СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИНТРОДУКЦИИ И СОХРАНЕНИЯ БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ. Воронеж: Цифровая полиграфия, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/978-5-907283-86-2-2022-203-217.

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