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Journal articles on the topic 'Poly (lactic acid)'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 July 2024

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1

Kim, Sung Hea, and Sang Cheol Lee. "Enhancement of Poly(L-lactic acid)/Poly(D-lactic acid) Stereocomplexation by Adding Poly(DL-lactic acid)." Textile Science and Engineering 52, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12772/tse.2015.52.132.

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2

Orozco, F. G., A. Valadez-González, J. A. Domínguez-Maldonado, F. Zuluaga, L. E. Figueroa-Oyosa, and L. M. Alzate-Gaviria. "Lactic Acid Yield Using Different Bacterial Strains, Its Purification, and Polymerization through Ring-Opening Reactions." International Journal of Polymer Science 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/365310.

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Laboratory-scale anaerobic fermentation was performed to obtain lactic acid from lactose, using five lactic acid bacteria:Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, L. delbrueckii, L. plantarum,andL. delbrueckii lactis. A yield of 0.99 g lactic acid/g lactose was obtained withL. delbrueckii, from which a final concentration of 80.95 g/L aqueous solution was obtained through microfiltration, nanofiltration, and inverse osmosis membranes. The lactic acid was polymerized by means of ring-opening reactions (ROP) to obtain poly-DL-lactic acid (PDLLA), with a viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) of 19,264 g/mol.

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3

Tsuji, Hideto, and Yuki Arakawa. "Synthesis, properties, and crystallization of the alternating stereocopolymer poly(l-lactic acid-alt-d-lactic acid) [syndiotactic poly(lactic acid)] and its blend with isotactic poly(lactic acid)." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 18 (2018): 2446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py00391b.

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4

Vayshbeyn, Leonid Ilyich, Elena Evgenyevna Mastalygina, Anatoly Aleksandrovich Olkhov, and Maria Victorovna Podzorova. "Poly(lactic acid)-Based Blends: A Comprehensive Review." Applied Sciences 13, no. 8 (April 20, 2023): 5148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13085148.

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Aliphatic and aromatic polyesters of hydroxycarboxylic acids are characterized not only by biodegradability, but also by biocompatibility and inertness, which makes them suitable for use in different applications. Polyesters with high enzymatic hydrolysis capacity include poly(lactic acid), poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(butylene succinate) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate). At the same time, poly(lactic acid) is the most durable, widespread, and cheap polyester from this series. However, it has a number of drawbacks, such as high brittleness, narrow temperature-viscosity processing range, and limited biodegradability. Three main approaches are known for poly(lactic acid) modification: incorporation of dispersed particles or low molecular weight and oligomeric substances, copolymerization with other polymers, and blending with other polymers. The review includes an analysis of experimental works devoted to developing mixtures based on poly(lactic acid) and other polymers. Regularities in the formation of the structure of such systems and the possibility of controlling the properties of poly(lactic acid) are considered.

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5

Yao, Jun Yan, Yu Jie Li, Zhi Du, and Ming He Chen. "Electrospinning of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Lactic Acid-Co-Lysine) Blend." Applied Mechanics and Materials 665 (October 2014): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.371.

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Electrospun poly (lactic acid)/poly (lactic acid-co-lysine) (PLA/PLL) blend were prepared, and the structures including fibers, beads and microspheres and properties of electrospun material were characterized. Viscosity, conductivity and surface tension of electrospinning solution had critical effect on the structures of the electrospun blend. The optimization process conditions of PLA/PLL electrospun fibers, beads and microspheres were confirmed and the structures, thermal properties, crystal properties, and hydrophilicity were analyzed. The results showed that the average diameter of electrospun PLA/PLL fibers was less than that of PLA under the same spinning process, and the crystallinity of spun products was affected by solution concentration, pushing speed and spinning voltage. Accurate controlling of spinning product morphology can be achieved by adjusting the formulation of electrospinning solution and spinning process. The addition of PLL into PLA could improve the hydrophilicity of electrospun PLA/PLL products.

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6

Novais, Rui M., Frank Simon, Petra Pötschke, Tobias Villmow, José A. Covas, and Maria C. Paiva. "Poly(lactic acid) composites with poly(lactic acid)-modified carbon nanotubes." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 51, no. 17 (June 6, 2013): 3740–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.26778.

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7

Rahaman, Hafezur, Sagor Hosen, Abdul Gafur, and Rasel Habib. "Small amounts of poly( -lactic acid) on the properties of poly( -lactic acid)/microcrystalline cellulose/ poly( -lactic acid) blends." Results in Materials 8 (December 2020): 100125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2020.100125.

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8

Park, Yejin, and Jonghwi Lee. "Preparation of Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid)-Cellulose Composite Foam." Polymer Korea 46, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2022.46.1.101.

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9

Kim, Ja Won, and Hong Sung Kim. "Synthesis and Characteristics of Poly(L-lactic acid-block-γ-aminobutyric acid)." Textile Science and Engineering 52, no. 1 (February 28, 2015): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12772/tse.2015.52.053.

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10

Perry, Caroline M. "Poly-L-Lactic Acid." American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 5, no. 5 (2004): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200405050-00010.

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11

Moyle, Graeme. "Poly-L-Lactic Acid." American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 5, no. 5 (2004): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200405050-00011.

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12

Katlama, Christine. "Poly-L-Lactic Acid." American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 5, no. 5 (2004): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200405050-00012.

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13

Borelli, Claudia, and Hans C. Korting. "Poly-L-Lactic Acid." American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 5, no. 5 (2004): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200405050-00013.

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14

Kaseem, Mosab. "Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites." Materials 12, no. 21 (October 31, 2019): 3586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12213586.

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Polylactic acid-based materials have gained great interest within the scientific community due to their biodegradability, good performance, and suitability for a number of applications. Therefore, this Special Issue “Poly(lactic acid) Composites” is proposed to cover the important advances in poly (lactic acid) composites, ranging from their design, fabrication, and material properties to the potential applications of these materials. Therefore, we believe that the present Issue can convey beneficial information to scientists and engineers in numerous fields, including polymer science and biomedical engineering.

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15

UYAMA, Hiroshi. "Poly(lactic acid) Nanofiber." Kobunshi 57, no. 6 (2008): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.57.448.

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16

Rasal, Rahul M., Amol V. Janorkar, and Douglas E. Hirt. "Poly(lactic acid) modifications." Progress in Polymer Science 35, no. 3 (March 2010): 338–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.12.003.

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17

Saeidlou, Sajjad, Michel A. Huneault, Hongbo Li, and Chul B. Park. "Poly(lactic acid) crystallization." Progress in Polymer Science 37, no. 12 (December 2012): 1657–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.07.005.

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18

Nofar, Mohammadreza, and Chul B. Park. "Poly (lactic acid) foaming." Progress in Polymer Science 39, no. 10 (October 2014): 1721–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.04.001.

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19

Blasi, Paolo. "Poly(lactic acid)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based microparticles: an overview." Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation 49, no. 4 (June 11, 2019): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40005-019-00453-z.

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20

Kawai, Fusako, Kosuke Nakadai, Emiko Nishioka, Hajime Nakajima, Hitomi Ohara, Kazuo Masaki, and Haruyuki Iefuji. "Different enantioselectivity of two types of poly(lactic acid) depolymerases toward poly(l-lactic acid) and poly(d-lactic acid)." Polymer Degradation and Stability 96, no. 7 (July 2011): 1342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.03.022.

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21

Mohamad, Mohd Yusof, Muhammad Azri Ifwat Mohamed Amin, Ahmad Fahmi Harun, Noorhidayah Md Nazir, Muhammad Aa’zamuddin Ahmad Radzi, Rosyafirah Hashim, Nur Farhana Mat Nawi, Ismail Zainol, Ahmad Hafiz Zulkifly, and Munirah binti Sha’ban. "Fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid), atelocollagen, and fibrin bioscaffold composite for intervertebral disk tissue engineering application." Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers 32, no. 5 (February 6, 2017): 456–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883911516686091.

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The use of synthetically derived poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) scaffold and naturally derived materials in regeneration of intervertebral disks has been reported in many previous studies. However, the potential effect of poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) in combination with atelocollagen or fibrin or both atelocollagen and fibrin bioscaffold composite have not been mentioned so far. This study aims to fabricate and characterize three-dimensional poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) scaffold incorporated with (1) atelocollagen, (2) fibrin, and (3) both atelocollagen and fibrin combination for intervertebral disk tissue engineering application. The poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) without any natural, bioscaffold composites was used as control. The chemical conformation, morphology, cell–scaffold attachment, porosity, water uptake capacity, thermal properties, mechanical strength, and pH level were evaluated on all scaffolds using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, gravimetric analysis, swelling test, differential scanning calorimetry, and Instron E3000, respectively. Biocompatibility test was conducted to assess the intervertebral disk, annulus fibrosus cells viability using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared results demonstrated notable peaks of amide bond suggesting interaction of atelocollagen, fibrin, and both atelocollagen and fibrin combination into the poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) scaffold. Based on the scanning electron microscope observation, the pore size of the poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) structure significantly reduced when it was incorporated with atelocollagen and fibrin. The poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)–atelocollagen scaffolds demonstrated higher significant swelling ratios, mechanical strength, and thermal stability than the poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) scaffold alone. All the three bioscaffold composite groups exhibited the ability to reduce the acidic poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) by-product. In this study, the biocompatibility assessment using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cells proliferation assay demonstrated a significantly higher annulus fibrosus cells viability in poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)–atelocollagen–fibrin compared to poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) alone. The cellular attachment is comparable in poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)–atelocollagen–fibrin and poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)–fibrin scaffolds. Overall, these results may suggest potential use of poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) combined with atelocollagen and fibrin bioscaffold composite for intervertebral disk regeneration.

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22

Higuchi, Julia, Katarzyna Klimek, Jacek Wojnarowicz, Agnieszka Opalińska, Agnieszka Chodara, Urszula Szałaj, Sylwia Dąbrowska, Damian Fudala, and Grazyna Ginalska. "Electrospun Membrane Surface Modification by Sonocoating with HA and ZnO:Ag Nanoparticles—Characterization and Evaluation of Osteoblasts and Bacterial Cell Behavior In Vitro." Cells 11, no. 9 (May 8, 2022): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11091582.

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Guided tissue regeneration and guided bone regeneration membranes are some of the most common products used for bone regeneration in periodontal dentistry. The main disadvantage of commercially available membranes is their lack of bone cell stimulation and easy bacterial colonization. The aim of this work was to design and fabricate a new membrane construct composed of electrospun poly (D,L-lactic acid)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) fibers sonocoated with layers of nanoparticles with specific properties, i.e., hydroxyapatite and bimetallic nanocomposite of zinc oxide–silver. Thus, within this study, four different variants of biomaterials were evaluated, namely: poly (D,L-lactic acid)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) biomaterial, poly(D,L-lactic acid)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/nano hydroxyapatite biomaterial, poly (D,L-lactic acid)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/nano zinc oxide–silver biomaterial, and poly (D,L-lactic acid)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/nano hydroxyapatite/nano zinc oxide–silver biomaterial. First, it was demonstrated that the wettability of biomaterials—a prerequisite property important for ensuring desired biological response—was highly increased after the sonocoating process. Moreover, it was indicated that biomaterials composed of poly (D,L-lactic acid)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) with or without a nano hydroxyapatite layer allowed proper osteoblast growth and proliferation, but did not have antibacterial properties. Addition of a nano zinc oxide–silver layer to the biomaterial inhibited growth of bacterial cells around the membrane, but at the same time induced very high cytotoxicity towards osteoblasts. Most importantly, enrichment of this biomaterial with a supplementary underlayer of nano hydroxyapatite allowed for the preservation of antibacterial properties and also a decrease in the cytotoxicity towards bone cells, associated with the presence of a nano zinc oxide–silver layer. Thus, the final structure of the composite poly (D,L-lactic acid)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/nano hydroxyapatite/nano zinc oxide–silver seems to be a promising construct for tissue engineering products, especially guided tissue regeneration/guided bone regeneration membranes. Nevertheless, additional research is needed in order to improve the developed construct, which will simultaneously protect the biomaterial from bacterial colonization and enhance the bone regeneration properties.

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23

Tsuji, Hideto, Masato Yamasaki, and Yuki Arakawa. "Synthesis and Stereocomplexation of New Enantiomeric Stereo Periodical Copolymers Poly(l-lactic acid–l-lactic acid–d-lactic acid) and Poly(d-lactic acid–d-lactic acid–l-lactic acid)." Macromolecules 54, no. 13 (June 16, 2021): 6226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01099.

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24

Fukushima, Kazuki, Yoon-Hee Chang, and Yoshiharu Kimura. "Enhanced Stereocomplex Formation of Poly(L-lactic acid) and Poly(D-lactic acid) in the Presence of Stereoblock Poly(lactic acid)." Macromolecular Bioscience 7, no. 6 (June 7, 2007): 829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mabi.200700028.

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25

Wang, Kun, Jingjing Wang, Dan Zhao, and Wentao Zhai. "Preparation of microcellular poly(lactic acid) composites foams with improved flame retardancy." Journal of Cellular Plastics 53, no. 1 (July 28, 2016): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x16633644.

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In this study, flame-retardant poly(lactic acid) foams with satisfactory cell structures were prepared by microcellular foaming technology using phosphorus-containing flame retardant and graphene as the charring agent. The introduction of 5–30 wt% flame retardant increased the limited oxygen index value of poly(lactic acid) from 19.0 to 26.5–37.8% and simultaneously increased the foam expansion of poly(lactic acid) foams from 4.4 to 5.8–17.5. In addition, all the prepared poly(lactic acid)/flame-retardant composites passed the UL-94 V-0 rating. The addition of 0.5 wt% graphene increased the limited oxygen index value of poly(lactic acid)/flame-retardant composite with flame-retardant content of 15 wt% from 27.9 to 29.2%, and more graphene additions improved the antidripping behavior of poly(lactic acid) composites. The possible mechanisms of the effects of the resultant cellular structure on the flame-retardant properties of poly(lactic acid) composites were also discussed.

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26

Wang, Hualin, Yan Zhang, Min Tian, Linfeng Zhai, Zheng Wei, and Tiejun Shi. "Preparation and degradability of poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid)/SiO2hybrid material." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 110, no. 6 (December 15, 2008): 3985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.28976.

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27

Park, Yejin, and Jonghwi Lee. "Thermal Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Film Containing Antibacterial Quercetin." Polymer Korea 46, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2022.46.2.223.

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28

Yao, Junyan, Shijie Zhang, Wudan Li, and Yujie Li. "Miscibility evaluation of poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(lactic acid-co-lysine) blends." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 14, no. 3 (2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.5000289.

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29

Guo, Yanmei, Liying Wang, Dehao Cheng, Jun Shao, and Haoqing Hou. "Toughening Behavior of Poly(L-Lactic Acid)/Poly(D-Lactic Acid) Asymmetric Blends." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 57, no. 12 (October 26, 2017): 1225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1373405.

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30

Parker, N. G., M. L. Mather, S. P. Morgan, and M. J. W. Povey. "Longitudinal acoustic properties of poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic- co -glycolic acid)." Biomedical Materials 5, no. 5 (September 9, 2010): 055004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-6041/5/5/055004.

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31

Reddy, E. Ramanji, Nithya Bala Sundari, and R. Menaha. "Comparative analysis on poly lactic acid and chitin fortified poly lactic acid films." Biochemical and Cellular Archives 23, no. 1 (April 10, 2023): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/bca.2023.23.1.79.

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32

Hu, Guang, Shenyang Cai, Yinghui Zhou, Naiwen Zhang, and Jie Ren. "Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of poly (lactic acid)/bamboo fiber composites via surface modification." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 37, no. 12 (March 23, 2018): 841–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684418765085.

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Three different kinds of surface treatment procedures were used to modify the surface of bamboo fiber: alkali solution treatment (NaOH), alkali and silane coupling agent treatment (NaOH–KH550) and alkali and titanate coupling agent treatment (NaOH–NDZ201). Then the bamboo fiber reinforced poly (lactic acid) composites were prepared by Haake Mixer and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, mechanics performance tests, differential scanning calorimetry analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Vicat softening temperature, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that incorporation of surface-treated bamboo fiber obviously improved the mechanical properties of poly (lactic acid). Especially, the tensile, flexural and impact strengths of poly (lactic acid) containing NaOH–NDZ201-treated bamboo fiber were higher than those of poly (lactic acid) containing NaOH and NaOH–KH550-treated bamboo fiber. Moreover, the NaOH–NDZ201-treated bamboo fiber also greatly enhanced the thermal stability of poly (lactic acid). The improvement of mechanical strengths and thermal stability of poly (lactic acid)/bamboo fiber composites might be due to the better interfacial adhesion between poly (lactic acid) and NaOH–NDZ201-treated bamboo fiber.

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33

Kim, Youngwook, Jinkyu Park, Tao Zhang, Yunjae Jang, Eunhye Lee, and Ho-Jong Kang. "Supercritical CO₂Foaming for Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(lactic acid) Blends." Polymer Korea 48, no. 2 (March 31, 2024): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2024.48.2.179.

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34

Shen, Peng, Akihito Moriya, Saeid Rajabzadeh, Tatsuo Maruyama, and Hideto Matsuyama. "Improvement of the antifouling properties of poly (lactic acid) hollow fiber membranes with poly (lactic acid)–polyethylene glycol–poly (lactic acid) copolymers." Desalination 325 (September 2013): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2013.06.012.

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35

Li, Ruilong, Yifan Wu, Zhuyu Bai, Jianbing Guo, and Xiaolang Chen. "Effect of molecular weight of polyethylene glycol on crystallization behaviors, thermal properties and tensile performance of polylactic acid stereocomplexes." RSC Advances 10, no. 69 (2020): 42120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra08699a.

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In this work, the poly(d-lactic acid)–polyethylene glycol–poly(d-lactic acid) (PDLA–PEG–PDLA) triblock copolymer as a novel modification agent was incorporated into poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of PLLA.

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36

Saeed, U., MA Nawaz, and HA Al-Turaif. "Wood flour reinforced biodegradable PBS/PLA composites." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 19 (January 10, 2018): 2641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317752227.

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The advanced development of biocomposites made of biodegradable polymers and natural fibers has initiated great interest because the resultant polymer will degrade absolutely and will not emit toxic substances. Among the biodegradable polymers, the poly(butylene succinate) and poly(lactic acid) have diverse commercial applications and the natural fiber such as wood flour is renewable and cheaper alternative to synthetic fiber. The properties of the composite made of poly(butylene succinate)/poly(lactic acid) blend and wood flour are not compatible due to the poor wettability and interfacial adhesion. Therefore, in the study presented, the Fusabond MB 100 D has been used to improve the interfacial bonding between poly(butylene succinate)/poly(lactic acid) blend and the dispersed wood flour. The results reveal that the addition of FB not only increases the tensile strength but also improves the impact strength of poly(butylene succinate)/poly(lactic acid)wood flour composite under high dynamic loading. Moreover, when Fusabond MB 100 D is added as a coupling agent to the poly(butylene succinate)/poly(lactic acid)wood flour composite results of X-ray photo spectroscopy, fracture surface morphology and dynamical mechanical property indicate the interaction between the poly(butylene succinate)/poly(lactic acid) blend with the wood flour.

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37

Yueagyen, Panadda, and Amornrat Lertworasirikul. "Effect of Poly(Hexamethylene Succinamide) on Crystallization of Poly(L-Lactic Acid)." Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.302.

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Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) has good mechanical properties and is biodegradable. However, its crystallization rate is slow, crystallization period long, and its crystallization temperature high at 116 °C. Consequently, long processing cycles are required for the production of high crystallinity poly (L-lactic acid). Addition of nucleating agents is an efficient way to solve this problem. Aliphatic amide such as N,N-ethylenebis(12-hydroxystearamide) and ethylenebis-stearamide are reported as nucleating agents for poly (L-lactic acid). In this study, the effect of the aliphatic polyamide, poly (hexamethylene succinamide) on the crystallization behavior of PLA was investigated. Poly (hexamethylene succinamide) was synthesized by melt polymerization. Between one and ten weight percent poly (hexamethylene succinamide) was blended with poly (L-lactic acid) by melt extrusion. The crystallization temperature and crystallization period decreased with increasing poly (hexamethylene succinamide) content. The degree of crystallinity increased with the addition of poly (hexamethylene succinamide). A poly (hexamethylene succinamide) content of 5%wt provides optimum conditions for production of poly (L-lactic acid)-poly (hexamethylene succinamide) blend with good mechanical properties. The polymers obtained are entirely from renewable resources.

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38

Yoo, Dong-Keun, and Dukjoon Kim. "Production of optically pure poly(lactic acid) from lactic acid." Polymer Bulletin 63, no. 5 (July 2, 2009): 637–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-009-0115-2.

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39

Lowe, Nicholas J., Anne C. Maxwell, Philippa Lowe, Ardash Shah, and Rickie Patnaik. "Injectable Poly-l-Lactic Acid." Dermatologic Surgery 35, Sup 1 (February 2009): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.01061.x.

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40

Basu, Arijit, Konda Reddy Kunduru, Sindhu Doppalapudi, Abraham J. Domb, and Wahid Khan. "Poly(lactic acid) based hydrogels." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 107 (December 2016): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2016.07.004.

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41

Basu, Arijit, Michael Nazarkovsky, Rohan Ghadi, Wahid Khan, and Abraham J. Domb. "Poly(lactic acid)-based nanocomposites." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 28, no. 8 (December 20, 2016): 919–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.3985.

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42

Makhetha, TA, K. Mpitso, and AS Luyt. "Preparation and characterization of EVA/PLA/sugarcane bagasse composites for water purification." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 9 (October 18, 2016): 1169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316675399.

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Poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl acetate blends and poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl acetate/sugarcane bagasse composites were prepared by melt mixing. The lower viscosity of poly(lactic acid), the lower interfacial tension between poly(lactic acid) and sugarcane bagasse, and the wetting coefficient of poly(lactic acid)/sugarcane bagasse being larger than one, all suggested that sugarcane bagasse would preferably be in contact with poly(lactic acid). A fairly good dispersion of sugarcane bagasse was observed in the composites. Exposed fibre ends were observed in the composite micrographs, which were believed to add to the efficiency of metal adsorption. The impact properties depended more on the poly(lactic acid):ethylene vinyl acetate ratio than on the presence of sugarcane bagasse. The poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl acetate blends showed two melting peaks at approximately the same temperatures as those of the neat polymers, which confirms the complete immiscibility of poly(lactic acid) and ethylene vinyl acetate at all the investigated compositions. Sugarcane bagasse-related weight loss occurred at higher temperatures for sugarcane bagasse in the composites, which could have been the result of the sugarcane bagasse being protected by the polymers, or a delay in the diffusion of the sugarcane bagasse decomposition products out of the sample. Water absorption increased with an increase in sugarcane bagasse loading in the composites. More lead was adsorbed than one would expect if the partial coverage of the fibre by the polymer is taken into account, and therefore it may be assumed that some of the lead was trapped inside the cavities in the composites and that the polymers may also have played a role in the metal complexation process, since both polymers have functional groups that could interact with the lead ions. The metal impurities underwent monolayer adsorption.

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43

Nishikawa, Goro, Masaki Yamamoto, Hideki Yamane, Amalina M. Afifi, Jae-Chang Lee, Yutaka Kawahara, and Masaki Tsuji. "Structure of Melt-Electrospun Poly(L-lactic acid)/Poly(D-lactic acid)Blend Fibers." Sen'i Gakkaishi 69, no. 6 (2013): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.69.118.

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44

Kiss, Z., T. Temesi, and T. Czigány. "Adherability and weldability of poly(lactic acid) and basalt fibre-reinforced poly(lactic acid)." Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2017.1349716.

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45

Chen, S. Y., J. Y. Lin, and C. Y. Lin. "Compositions of injectable poly‐ d, l ‐lactic acid and injectable poly‐ l ‐lactic acid." Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 45, no. 3 (April 2020): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ced.14085.

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46

Srithep, Yottha, Dutchanee Pholhan, Lih-Sheng Turng, and Thiptida Akkaprasa. "Stereocomplex formation in injection-molded poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(D-lactic acid) blends." Journal of Polymer Engineering 39, no. 3 (February 25, 2019): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2018-0300.

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AbstractPoly(L-lactic acid)/poly(D-lactic acid) (PLLA/PDLA) blends were prepared by hand mixing, followed by injection molding at 210°C to produce tensile specimens. Thermal properties, crystalline structure, and mechanical properties were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), and tensile testing. From the DSC tests of blends ranging from 10% to 30% PDLA in PLLA, the PDLA melting peak was absent and was replaced by a stereocomplex melting peak at 210°C, which was ~50°C higher than that for neat PLLA or PDLA. The reverse blending of PLLA into PDLA showed a similar behavior. Surprisingly, three melting peaks (for PLLA, PDLA, and the complex crystal) appeared in the 1:1 PLLA:PDLA pellet blends. However, the PLLA and PDLA powders (ground to less than 200 μm) and hand mixed, prior to injection molding, showed only small amounts of homocrystals and much higher fractions of stereocomplex crystals (18–44%). Compared to the hand mixed un-ground pellets, molded specimens from the PLLA and PDLA powders also exhibited higher tensile strengths (33–48 MPa) and moduli (1100–1250 MPa). Moreover, the stereocomplex formation was found to enhance the thermal stability compared with those of the pure PLLA and PDLA.

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47

Emami, Fakhrossadat, Seyed Jamaleddin Mostafavi Yazdi, and Dong Hee Na. "Poly(lactic acid)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particulate carriers for pulmonary drug delivery." Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation 49, no. 4 (April 22, 2019): 427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40005-019-00443-1.

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48

Blasi, Paolo. "Correction to: Poly(lactic acid)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based microparticles: an overview." Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation 49, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40005-019-00457-9.

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Moriya, Akihito, Peng Shen, Yoshikage Ohmukai, Tatsuo Maruyama, and Hideto Matsuyama. "Reduction of fouling on poly(lactic acid) hollow fiber membranes by blending with poly(lactic acid)–polyethylene glycol–poly(lactic acid) triblock copolymers." Journal of Membrane Science 415-416 (October 2012): 712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2012.05.059.

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Fukushima, Kazuki, Yukiko Furuhashi, Kazuaki Sogo, Shigenobu Miura, and Yoshiharu Kimura. "Stereoblock Poly(lactic acid): Synthesis via Solid-State Polycondensation of a Stereocomplexed Mixture of Poly(L-lactic acid) and Poly(D-lactic acid)." Macromolecular Bioscience 5, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mabi.200400121.

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