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Academic literature on the topic 'Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)polymérase'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)polymérase"
Cardoso, Déborah. "Rôle de la PARylation sur l’apparition des troubles cardiovasculaires dans la progéria de Hutchinson-Gilford." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS020.pdf.
Full textHutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an extremely rare genetic disorder associated with clinical and molecular features of premature aging caused by LMNA gene mutation. Among all of the clinical features associated with premature aging, the cardiovascular disease is the cause of death in almost all patients. Despite its great importance, investigation of the arterial pathology has been extremely limited mainly due to the low incidence of progeroid syndromes. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are important for maintaining aortic integrity. It is known that the abundance and functionality of VSMC decline with aging in animal models of progeroid syndromes. The main project was to study the mechanisms of how progerin leads to massive VSMC loss. Using aorta tissue from a mouse model of HGPS, LmnaG609G/G609G mice, we showed an increase of VSMCs death associated with an inability to correctly repair DNA damages. Our results demonstrate for the first time that aberrant PARylation occurs in VSMCs of premature aging mouse model. Increased PARylation in VSMCs from LmnaG609G/G609G mice were associated with a decrease in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), which is a critical regulator of metabolism and thus, contributes to the pathogenesis. Treatment of LmnaG609G/+ mice with a PARylation inhibitor restores NAD+ levels in VSMCs and improves vascular pathology. Taking together, these thesis works support our hypothesis that PARylation can be involved in genomic alterations, which causes VSMC loss in patients with HGPS and suggest a novel approach towards therapeutics for cardiovascular involvement in HGPS
Cruz-Rodriguez, Luis. "Réparation par excision de base au niveau mitochondrial chez la drosophile. Analyse d'un acteur potentiel de ce processus : la protéine PARP." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952654.
Full textMartin-Hernandez, Kathline. "Rôle de la Poly(ADP-Ribose) polymérase 3 (PARP3) dans la différenciation des cellules souches du muscle squelettique chez la souris." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ121.
Full textPoly (ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification of proteins catalysed by Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs, 17 members). Since 2011, the laboratory has been dissecting the biological properties of PARP3 which is now well described for its role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks, in mitosis and in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This investigation combined with data from the literature suggests that PARP3 functions are very wide and could participate in physiological processes. Thus, my thesis work reveals a new key function of PARP3 in neural and muscular stem cell differentiation. We observed a strong increase in PARP3 expression during neurogenesis, gliogenesis and myogenesis. In the absence of PARP3, the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSPCs) into astrocytes and neurons is impaired and PARP3KO mice display an inability to regenerate brain tissue in the region of the striatum after hypoxic ischemia. Regarding muscle cells, PARP3 disruption (Crispr/Cas9) prevents C2C12 myoblast differentiation into myotubes and leads to cytoskeleton disorganisation, mitochondrial degeneration, and repression of identity genes. The reexpression of a catalytically active PARP3 restores the C2C12 differentiation capacity. Finally, we have identified new PARP3 target proteins that suggest a role in autophagy and energetic metabolism during cell differentiation.Together, these results reveal that PARP3 has a central role in cell differentiation and opens solid lines of research to identify the mechanisms involved
Kalisch, Thomas. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle et biochimique d'un nouveau partenaire de la poly(ADP-ribose) polymérase I : high-mobility group protein containing 2-like 1." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ068.
Full textPoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification of proteins mediated by a family of enzymes called poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. Among the best studied, PARP-1 and PARP-2 are both implicated into the transcription, organization and integrity of genome. We have initiated the characterization of a new PARP-1 partner previously identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen, and still poorly studied: HMG2L1 (High-Mobility Group protein 2 Like-1). The human protein of 601 amino acids contains one HMGbox domain normally implicated in the recognition of DNA. Some studies have reported the role of HMG2L1 in the regulation of transcription by acting as a negative or positive coregulator. First, we characterized the link between PARP-1 and HMG2L1. We confirmed the interaction between both proteins in vivo and in vitro. We also showed that HMG2L1 couldinteract with PARP-2. HMG2L1 is poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated by PARP-1 and PARP-2, and is able to interact with poly(ADP-ribose). The construction of GFP-fused truncated versions of HMG2L1 allowed us to show that the N-terminal part – upstream to the HMGbox – is responsible for all these interactions. This N-terminal domain is highly electropositive and intrinsically disordered conferring a lot of interactions potentialities. The expression of the GFP-fused proteins in HeLa cells allowed us to localizeHMG2L1 into the nucleus and the nucleolus, like PARP-1 and PARP-2. Moreover, HMG2L1 colocalizes with UBF (Upstream Binding Factor), the transcription factor responsible for the transcription of ribosomal ARNs by RNA polymerase I. The overexpression of GFPhHMG2L1 leads to a nucleolar stress illustrated by the inhibition of transcription and the formation of nucleolar caps. We also undertook a proteomic study to find new partners of HMG2L1. We found a huge amount of nucleolar proteins, involved in ribosome biogenesis or RNA maturation, suggesting that HMG2L1 could be involved in these processes. Finally, we demonstrated the ability of the purified protein to interact with DNA mostly through its HMGbox domain and RNA through its N-terminal domain. Moreover, we discovered that HMG2L1 is endowed with a RNA-chaperone activity, that can be regulated by poly(ADP-ribose). Taken together, the localization of HMG2L1, its interacting partners and its RNA chaperone activity allow us to make the assumption that HMG2L1 could be implicated in RNA maturation processes, regulated by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation
Tardif, Maxime. "Analyses biochimique et protéomique de la poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27718/27718.pdf.
Full textGagné, Jean-Philippe. "APPROCHES PROTÉOMIQUES APPLIQUÉES À L'ÉTUDE DE LA POLY(ADP-RIBOSYL)ATION." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26215/26215.pdf.
Full textMatta, Elie. "Characterization of DNA ADP-Ribosylation Mechanism and its Role in DNA Damage Signaling Insight into DNA Substrate Specificity of PARP1-Catalysed DNA Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation Role of PARP-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation in the Crosstalk Between DNA Strand Breaks and Epigenetic Regulation." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS058.
Full textDNA-dependent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) PARP1, PARP2 and PARP3 act as DNA break sensors signaling DNA damage. Upon detecting DNA damage, these PARPs use nicotine adenine dinucleotide as a substrate to synthesize a monomer or polymer of ADP-ribose (MAR or PAR, respectively) covalently attached to the acceptor residue of target proteins. Recently, it was demonstrated that PARP1–3 proteins can directly ADP-ribosylate DNA breaks by attaching MAR and PAR moieties to terminal phosphates. Nevertheless, little is still known about the mechanisms governing substrate recognition and specificity of PARP1, which accounts for most of cellular PARylation activity, as well, about proteins responsible for detection and removal of ADP-ribosylated DNA adducts and its role in multitude of cellular processes.In this study we provide a detailed characterization of PARP1 DNA substrate specificity and mechanisms of DNA PARylation. We showed that the 3′-terminal phosphate residue at double-strand DNA break ends served as a major acceptor site for PARP1-catalysed PARylation depending on the orientation and distance between DNA strand breaks in a single DNA molecule. Moreover, a preference for ADP-ribosylation of DNA molecules containing 3′-terminal phosphate over PARP1 auto-ADP-ribosylation was observed, and a model of DNA modification by PARP1 was proposed. Similar results were obtained with purified recombinant PARP1 and HeLa cell-free extracts. Thus, the biological effects of PARP-mediated ADP-ribosylation may strongly depend on the configuration of complex DNA strand breaks. Furthermore, we elaborated a new research technique to identify and validate proteins responsible for ADP-ribose-DNA adducts detection (“readers”) or removal (“erasers”). Our proteomic data revealed that MARylated DNA adducts selectively modulated DNA recognition of a large number of proteins involved in different cellular pathways. About 90 proteins including protein complexes were selected as potential MAR-DNA adduct readers. The role of DNA ADP-ribosylation in non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) was partially characterized in an in vitro study. We demonstrated that ADP-ribosylation of DSB terminus can lead to inhibition of blunt DSB repair by canonical NHEJ if not removed by PARG glycohydrolase. Contrary, presence of a proximal nick with a stabilized apurinic/apyrimidinic site leads to increased NHEJ efficiency, apparently in ADP-ribosylation-independent manner. Finally we searched for novel PARP1, PARP2 and PARP3 inhibitors among derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine with DNA binding capacity. Our results revealed that some of NAD+ analogues analogs could be used by PARPs for DNA modification leading to stabilization of corresponding MARylated and PARylated adducts due to their PARG hydrolysis activity resistance. Taking together, these data highlight the physiological relevance and possible biological outcomes of PARP-catalyzed DNA-ADP-ribosylation such as providing a stable benchmark of the location of a DNA strand break on a chromatin map, recruitement of DNA repair proteins and inhibition of the toxic NHEJ