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Journal articles on the topic 'Poly(acrylic acid)'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Köken, Nesrin. "Polymers containing amino bis(methylene phosphonic acid) groups for scale inhibition." Pigment & Resin Technology 48, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-01-2017-0007.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prepare poly[allyl amino bis(methylene phosphonic acid)-ran-acrylic acid]s by two different routes. In the first route, poly(allyl amine-ran-acrylic acid)s were produced by radical copolymerization of a mixture of ally amine and acrylic acid, then converted into poly[allyl amino bis(methylene phosphonic acid)-ran-acrylic acid]s by the Mannich reaction with a mixture of formaldehyde and phosphonic acid. In the second route, allyl amino bis(methylene phosphonic acid) monomer was synthesized and copolymerised with acrylic acid. The aim of this work is to produce low-molecular-weight copolymer with the low amount of nitrogen and phosphorous having better scale inhibiting performance than commercial low-molecular-weight poly(acrylic acid)s. Design/methodology/approach Poly(allyl amine-ran-acrylic acid)s were prepared by radical copolymerisation of a mixture of ally amine and acrylic acid, and the molecular weight of copolymers was regulated by using an effective chain transfer compound and the formed copolymer was reacted with a mixture of formaldehyde and phosphorous acid. Allyl amino bis(methylene phosphonic acid) monomer was prepared and then copolymerised with acrylic acid using radical initiators. Findings Poly[allyl amino bis(methylene phosphonic acid)-ran-acrylic acid] produced with both routes, especially low-molecular weight ones have better anti-scaling performance than low-molecular-weight commercial poly(acrylic acid). Research limitations/implications By using an excess of formaldehyde and phosphonic acid, a limited increase in the conversion of amine groups of poly(allyl amine-ran-acrylic acid) to amino methylene phosphonic acid groups was achieved, so unreacted amine groups were always present in the structure of the final copolymers. Practical implications The low-molecular-weight poly[allyl amino bis(methylene phosphonic acid)-ran-acrylic acid] may be used as a better anti-scaling polymer in industry. Social implications The low-molecular-weight poly[allyl amino bis(methylene phosphonic acid)-ran-acrylic acid] is an alternative polymer for scale inhibition in the water boilers. Originality/value The low-molecular-weight poly[allyl amino bis(methylene phosphonic acid)-ran-acrylic acid] copolymers containing both carboxylic acid and amino bis(methylene phosphonic acid) are more effective anti-scaling additives than poly(acrylic acid)s in water boilers.

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2

Rios, Patricia, Hector Bertorello, and Miriam Strumia. "Poly(butadiene-acrylic acid(g)acrylonitrile(g)acrylic acid)." Polymer Bulletin 31, no. 3 (September 1993): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00692954.

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3

Colletti, Ronald F., Harvey S. Gold, and Cecil Dybowski. "Characterization of the Adsorption of Poly(Acrylamide), Poly(4-methoxystyrene), and Poly(Acrylic Acid) on Aluminum Oxide by Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 41, no. 7 (September 1987): 1185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702874447725.

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The adsorptions of polystyrene, poly(methoxystyrene), poly(acrylamide), and poly(acrylic acid) on aluminum oxide are investigated with inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy. Comparison with infrared data for thin polymer films of the polymer samples gives insight into the adsorbed polymer configuration. Data indicate that poly(styrene) is weakly physisorbed to aluminum oxide, while poly(methoxystyrene), poly(acrylamide), and poly(acrylic acid) react to form strong bonds with the oxide surface. On the basis of this data, adsorption mechanisms are suggested for each of the polymers. Poly(acrylamide) adsorbs via a protonation of the amine group by the surface hydroxyl groups. Poly(4-methoxystyrene) forms a phenolate ion and can react further with the aluminum surface centers. Poly(acrylic acid) adsorbs to the oxide surface in a manner analogous to that of small organic acids such as the carboxylate ion.

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4

Wang, Xi Xin, Jian Ling Zhao, and Xiao Hui Wang. "Synthesis of Poly (Acrylic Acid-Co-Itaconic Acid) and its Dispersing Effect for Barium Titanate Aqueous Suspension." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.735.

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Dispersing barium titanate (BT) in aqueous media has received special attention due to economic and environmental considerations. A new kind of dispersant named poly (acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid) has been synthesized in our study. By adjusting reactant ratio and reactant condition poly (acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid) with different average molecular (2000~10000) and different content of itaconic acid (10% ~ 30%) have been obtained. Dispersing effects of poly (acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid) have been studied through zeta potential, sediment experiments, rheological behavior. It can be concluded from our study poly (acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid) containing 20% itaconic acid with Mw between 3000 and 5000 show the best dispersing effect.

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5

Bertorello, Héctor, and Ricardo Argüello. "Synthesis and characterization of new poly(butadiene-co-acrylic acid(g) acrylic acid) and poly(butadiene(g) acrylic acid)." Polymer Engineering & Science 36, no. 8 (April 1996): 1092–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.10500.

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6

Chabukswar, Vasant, and Ganesh Sable. "Chemical Oxidative Synthesis and Characteristion of Organica acid Doped Soluble Conducting Poly(o-anisidine)." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 3, no. 2 (June 15, 2009): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht03.02.095.

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Synthesis of poly(o-anisidine) with and without acrylic acid doping is carried out by chemical oxidative polymerization method. This is a new polymerization method for the direct synthesis of the emeraldine salt of poly(o-anisidine), i.e. it is directly soluble in known organic solvent such as m-cresol, N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), DMSO, DMF, etc. without the need for a conversion of salt phase to base form. The reaction is unique since it eliminates the post processing step which involves neutralization of emeraldine salt to form emeraldine base and again reprotonating the base with a secondary protonic acid. The acrylic acid doped polymer prepared using tartaric acid is comparatively more soluble in m-cresol and NMP than the poly(o-anisidine) prepared without acrylic acid. UV-visible spectra for acrylic acid doped poly(o-anisidine) reveals the coil conformation at higher wavelength ~800–1000 nm along with sharp peak ~440 nm, which may be attributed to secondary doping due to extended coil conformation. Whereas in the presence of NMP as a solvent, the extended tail at higher wavelength disappears while a sharp peak (~630 nm) is observed representing the polymer insulting emeraldine base form. This fact confirms the effect of the solvent on the polymer properties. This is further manifested by the FT-IR spectral studies. Broad and intense band at ~3300–3200cm–1 and 1100–1200 cm–1 in acrylic acid doped polymer accounts for higher degree of doping. The conductivity of acrylic acid doped poly(o-anisidine) is greater than poly(o-anisidine) without acrylic acid. The change in resistance of tartaric acid doped poly(o-anisidine) prepared in acrylic acid media upon its exposure to ammonia vapor suggests the applicability of these polymeric materials for ammonia.

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7

Moharram, M. A., and M. G. Khafagi. "Thermal behavior of poly(acrylic acid)–poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly(acrylic acid)–metal–poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) complexes." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 102, no. 4 (2006): 4049–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.24367.

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8

Swift, Thomas, Colin C. Seaton, and Stephen Rimmer. "Poly(acrylic acid) interpolymer complexes." Soft Matter 13, no. 46 (2017): 8736–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm01787a.

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9

Mizutani, Yukio. "Superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) complex." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61, no. 5 (August 1, 1996): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19960801)61:5<735::aid-app3>3.0.co;2-p.

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10

Chakraborty, Soma, and P. Somasundaran. "Sequestration of drugs using poly(acrylic acid) and alkyl modified poly(acrylic acid) nanoparticles." Soft Matter 2, no. 10 (2006): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b604713k.

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11

Sung, Choonghyun, and Jooyoung Kim. "Hydrophobic Layer-by-Layer Film Assembled Using Poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) Ionomer." Polymer Korea 45, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 915–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2021.45.6.915.

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12

Pradip, C. Maltesh, P. Somasundaran, R. A. Kulkarni, and S. Gundiah. "Polymer-polymer complexation in dilute aqueous solutions: poly(acrylic acid)-poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(acrylic acid)-poly(vinylpyrrolidone)." Langmuir 7, no. 10 (October 1991): 2108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00058a024.

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13

Zhu, Rui, Xinjie Luo, Yujun Feng, and Laurent Billon. "CO2-Triggered and temperature-switchable crystallization-driven self-assembly of a semicrystalline block copolymer in aqueous medium." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 46 (2019): 6305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py01298b.

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The synthesis of a semicrystalline block copolymer comprising a hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) pure block and an amphiphilic poly(acrylic acid)-r-poly(octadecyl acrylate) random block by nitroxide-mediated polymerization is reported.

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14

Bensacia, Nabila, Saâd Moulay, François Garin, Ioana Fechete, and Anne Boos. "Effect of Grafted Hydroquinone on the Acid-Base Properties of Poly(acrylic acid) in the Presence of Copper (II)." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/913987.

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Potentiometric titration of poly(acrylic acid) and hydroquinone-functionalized poly(acrylic acid) was conducted in the presence of copper (II). The effects of hydroquinone functionalizing and copper (II) complexing on the potentiometric titration of poly(acrylic acid) were studied in an ionic environment and in its absence. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation was applied to assess its validity for this titration. Coordination number and the stability constants of the copper- (II-)complexed polymers were determined, and results showed the formation of mostly monodentate and bidentate copper- (II-)polymer complexes.

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15

Wan Ishak, Wan Hafizi, Oo Yong Jia, and Ishak Ahmad. "pH-Responsive Gamma-Irradiated Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Cellulose-Nanocrystal-Reinforced Hydrogels." Polymers 12, no. 9 (August 27, 2020): 1932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091932.

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A pH-sensitive poly(acrylic acid) composite hydrogel was successfully synthesized via gamma irradiation and reinforced with cellulosic materials of different sizes. Cellulose was extracted from rice husks via alkali and bleaching treatment, and an acid hydrolysis treatment was performed to extract cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Morphological observation of cellulose and CNCs using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed diameters of 22–123 μm and 5–16 nm, respectively. The swelling properties of the fabricated poly(acrylic acid)/cellulosic hydrogels were found to respond to changes in pH, and CNC-reinforced hydrogels performed better than cellulose-reinforced hydrogels. The highly crystalline CNC provided a greater storage modulus, hence acting as a better reinforcing material for poly(acrylic acid)-based hydrogels. SEM showed that hydrogels reinforced with the CNC nanofillers contained a homogeneous pore distribution and produced better interfacial interactions than those reinforced with the cellulose microfillers, thus performing better as hydrogels. These findings demonstrate that gamma-irradiated poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels reinforced with CNCs exhibit a better stimuli response toward pH than poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels reinforced with cellulose.

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16

Rolland, Julien, Pierre Guillet, Jean-Marc Schumers, Nicolas Duhem, Véronique Préat, and Jean-François Gohy. "Polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles from chitosan and poly(acrylic acid) and Polystyrene-block -poly(acrylic acid)." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 50, no. 21 (July 30, 2012): 4484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.26255.

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17

Xiang, Fangming, Sarah M. Ward, Tara M. Givens, and Jaime C. Grunlan. "Structural tailoring of hydrogen-bonded poly(acrylic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide) multilayer thin films for reduced gas permeability." Soft Matter 11, no. 5 (2015): 1001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm02363c.

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Setting the assembling pH at 2.75 minimizes the negative impacts of poly(acrylic acid) ionization, COOH dimerization, and phase separation on the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds within a poly(acrylic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide) assembly, leading to low oxygen permeability.

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18

Lacík, Igor, Marek Stach, Peter Kasák, Vladislav Semak, Lucia Uhelská, Anna Chovancová, Günter Reinhold, et al. "SEC Analysis of Poly(Acrylic Acid) and Poly(Methacrylic Acid)." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 216, no. 1 (October 27, 2014): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.201400339.

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19

Hill, D. J. T., J. H. O'Donnell, P. J. Pomery, and C. L. Winzor. "Gamma radiolysis of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(methacrylic acid)." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 39, no. 3 (March 1992): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0197(92)90147-8.

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20

Tang, Qunwei, Jihuai Wu, Jianming Lin, Shijun Fan, and De Hu. "A multifunctional poly(acrylic acid)/gelatin hydrogel." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 5 (May 2009): 1653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0210.

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A poly(acrylic acid)/gelatin interpenetrating network hydrogel was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization. The influences of preparation conditions including cross-linker, initiator, gelatin content, and neutralization degree on the swelling ratios of the hydrogels are investigated. The swelling, mechanical strength, biodegradability, and drug-release properties of poly(acrylic acid)/gelatin hydrogel are evaluated. The hydrogel has excellent mechanical properties; tensile strength is 1500 kPa, and elongation at break is 887%, respectively. The in vitro biodegradation shows that an interpenetrating network structure exists in the poly(acrylic acid)/gelatin hybrid hydrogel. A release study indicates that the theophylline release from the hydrogel depends on the cross-linking density of the hydrogel and pH of the medium, and the drug diffusion obeys an anomalous transport model.

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21

Hosseinzadeh, Hossein, and Darioush Alijani. "Synthesis, Characterization and Swelling Properties of Chitosan/Poly(acrylic acid-co-crotonic acid) Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks." Polymer Korea 38, no. 5 (September 25, 2014): 588–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2014.38.5.588.

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22

Aljeboree, Aseel M., Rasha Amer Mohammed, Makarim A. Mahdi, Layth S. Jasim, and Ayad F. Alkaim. "Synthesis, Characterization of P(CH/AA-co-AM) and Adsorptive Removal of Pb (II) ions from Aqueous Solution: Thermodynamic Study." NeuroQuantology 19, no. 7 (August 11, 2021): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2021.19.7.nq21096.

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Cross-linking Chitosan/Poly (Acryl amide-Acrylic acid) Hydrogel (P(CH/AA-co-AM)) synthesized via free radical polymerization of Acrylamide and acrylic acid as monomers after that addition chitosan, using MBA and KPS as initiator. The produced materials' structural, surface, and thermal properties were determined using the following techniques: FT-IR, TGA, TEM, and FE-SEM. This study is concerned with a significant application of surface chemistry in the fields of removing heavy metals. It deals with the adsorption-systems of Pb (II) on Cross-linking Chitosan / Poly (Acrylic acid-Acryl amide) Hydrogel at variable conditions of concentration and temp. The measured data are following the Freundlich equation and, according to the Giles classification, the adsorption isotherms are of type S3. As a temperature feature (10, 20, 25 and 30oC), adsorption was investigated. With increasing temperature (endothermic process), the extent of adsorption of Pb (II)on P(CH / AA-co-AM) was found for increase. They have also measured the essential thermodynamic functions.

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23

Yang, Li-Ping, and Cai-Yuan Pan. "One-Pot Synthetic Strategy to Core Cross-Linked Micelles with pH-Sensitive Cross-Linked Cores and Temperature-Sensitive Shells through RAFT Polymerization." Australian Journal of Chemistry 59, no. 10 (2006): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch06246.

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Functional micelles with a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) shell and a cross-linked poly((acrylic acid)-co-(ethylene glycol diacrylate)) core have been successfully prepared in one pot by the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of acrylic acid and ethylene glycol diacrylate in selective solvent using PNIPAM-SC(S)Ph as a RAFT agent. Since PNIPAM and poly(acrylic acid) are temperature- and pH-sensitive polymers, respectively, the micelles obtained should display double environmental sensitivity to temperature and pH in water.

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24

Bui, Tri Quang, Vinh Duy Cao, Wei Wang, and Anna-Lena Kjøniksen. "Recovered Energy from Salinity Gradients Utilizing Various Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Based Hydrogels." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040645.

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Hydrogels can be utilized to extract energy from salinity gradients when river water mixes with seawater. Saline-sensitive hydrogels exhibit a reversible swelling/shrinking process when they are, alternately, exposed to fresh and saline water. We present a comparison of several poly(acrylic acid)-based hydrogels, including poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(acrylic acid-co-vinylsulfonic acid) (PAA/PVSA), and poly(4-styrenessulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) interpenetrated in a poly(acrylic acid) network (PAA/PSSA-MA). The hydrogels were synthesized by free radical polymerization, copolymerization, and by semi-IPN (interpenetrating polymer network). The hydrogels were placed in a piston-like system to measure the recovered energy. Semi-IPN hydrogels exhibit a much higher recovered energy compared to the copolymer and PAA hydrogel. The recovered energy of 60 g swollen gel was up to 4 J for the PAA/PSSA-MA hydrogel. The obtained energy per gram dried gel was up to 13.3 J/g. The swelling volume of the hydrogels was maintained for 30 cycles without decline in recovered energy.

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25

Wang, Zhen, Yongtao Tan, Ying Liu, Lengyuan Niu, Lingbin Kong, Long Kang, and Fen Ran. "New amphiphilic block copolymer-modified electrodes for supercapacitors." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 2 (2018): 1290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj03427j.

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Herein, amphiphilic block copolymer-modified film electrodes were fabricated using poly(acrylic acid)-b-poly(acrylonitrile)-b-poly(acrylic acid) as a surface modifier, polyethersulfone as a matrix polymer, and activated carbon as an active substance by the phase separation method to enhance the wettability of the electrodes.

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26

Kim, Hong Lyun, Yu Seob Shin, and Sung Ho Yang. "Effect of poly(acrylic acid) on crystallization of calcium carbonate in a hydrogel." CrystEngComm 24, no. 7 (2022): 1344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ce01687c.

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As carbonate ions are diffused into an agarose hydrogel containing calcium ions and poly(acrylic acid), elliptical and spherical calcites are controllably formed depending on the concentration of poly(acrylic acid) and the position of the hydrogel.

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27

Maurer, J. J., D. J. Eustace, and C. T. Ratcliffe. "Thermal characterization of poly(acrylic acid)." Macromolecules 20, no. 1 (January 1987): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00167a035.

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28

Kim, Bumsu, Hyun Park, Sung-Hwan Lee, and Wolfgang M. Sigmund. "Poly(acrylic acid) nanofibers by electrospinning." Materials Letters 59, no. 7 (March 2005): 829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2004.11.032.

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29

Shukla, Neelesh Bharti, Nagu Darabonia, and Giridhar Madras. "Ultrasonic degradation of poly(acrylic acid)." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 112, no. 2 (April 15, 2009): 991–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.29460.

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30

Mansoori, Yagoub, and Hadi Salemi. "Nanocomposite hydrogels composed of cloisite 30B-graft-poly(acrylic acid)/poly(acrylic acid): Synthesis and characterization." Polymer Science Series B 57, no. 2 (March 2015): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1560090415020086.

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31

Staikos, Georges, and Georges Bokias. "The intrinsic viscosity of poly(acrylic acid) and partially neutralized poly(acrylic acid) by isoionic dilution." Polymer International 31, no. 4 (1993): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.4990310412.

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32

Czarnecka, Elżbieta, and Jacek Nowaczyk. "Synthesis and Characterization Superabsorbent Polymers Made of Starch, Acrylic Acid, Acrylamide, Poly(Vinyl Alcohol), 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane Sulfonic Acid." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 4325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094325.

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Three polymers with excellent absorption properties were synthesized by graft polymerization: soluble starch-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl alcohol)/potato starch-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide), poly(vinyl alcohol)/potato starch-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid). Ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate were used as initiators, while N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide was used as the crosslinking agent. The molecular structure of potato and soluble starch grafted by synthetic polymers was characterized by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology of the resulting materials was studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermal stability was tested by thermogravimetric measurements. The absorption properties of the obtained biopolymers were tested in deionized water, sodium chroma solutions of various concentrations and in buffer solutions of various pH.

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33

Zhu, Ye, Chenglin Yi, Qiong Hu, Wei Wei, and Xiaoya Liu. "Effect of chain microstructure on self-assembly and emulsification of amphiphilic poly(acrylic acid)-polystyrene copolymers." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 37 (2016): 26236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp04978h.

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In this study, a series of random copolymer poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene) (P(AA-co-St)) and block copolymer poly(acrylic acid)-b-polystyrene (PAA-b-PSt) with similar chemical composition but different chain microstructure were synthesized.

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34

Rivas, Bernabé L., and Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada. "Chelation properties of polymer complexes of poly(acrylic acid) with poly(acrylamide), and poly(acrylic acid) with poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 199, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 1153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3935(19980601)199:6<1153::aid-macp1153>3.0.co;2-r.

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35

Morawetz, Herbert, and Yongcai Wang. "Titration of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(methacrylic acid) in methanol." Macromolecules 20, no. 1 (January 1987): 194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00167a034.

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36

Vshivkov, S. A., T. S. Soliman, E. S. Kluzhin, and A. A. Kapitanov. "Structure of poly(acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid) and gelatin solutions." Journal of Molecular Liquids 294 (November 2019): 111551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111551.

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37

Zheng, Si Yu, Ye Tian, Xin Ning Zhang, Miao Du, Yihu Song, Zi Liang Wu, and Qiang Zheng. "Spin-coating-assisted fabrication of ultrathin physical hydrogel films with high toughness and fast response." Soft Matter 14, no. 28 (2018): 5888–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01126e.

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Tough physical hydrogel films were facilely prepared by spin-coating of a poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) or poly(acrylic acid-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) solution and subsequent gelation in FeCl₃ solution to form carboxyl–Fe³⁺ coordination complexes.

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38

Shan, Bin, Ruilin Cui, Shufen Zhang, and Bingtao Tang. "Synthesis and application of poly(vinylamine-co-acrylic acid) macromolecule dyes with high light fastness." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 2 (July 2, 2019): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519859936.

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New types of poly(vinylamine-co-acrylic acid) macromolecule dyes were designed and synthesized based on poly(vinylamine-co-acrylic acid) and reactive dyes. The structures of the synthesized dyes were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and thin layer chromatography. They were applied for dyeing cotton fibers and high fixations were achieved due to their reactive abilities. The dyed samples showed excellent fastness to washing and rubbing and the light fastness of red, blue and yellow poly(vinylamine-co-acrylic acid) dye could reach grades 3–4, 4 and 6–7, respectively.

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39

Mascorro, R., and M. Corea. "Synthesis and Mechanical Properties Evaluatioin of Waterborne PSA’S with Core-Shell Morphology." Materials Science Forum 691 (June 2011): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.691.127.

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In this work, a series of Pressure Sensitive Adhesives (PSAs) of poly(n-butyl acrylate-2-ethyl hexyl acrylate- acrylic acid) were synthesized via emulsion polymerization. The PSAs particles were carried out in a semicontinuous process. Synthesis was carried out in two stages of thereaction. In the first, a core of poly(butyl acrylate-co-2-ethyl hexyl acrylate) with a composition of 50/50 wt%/wt % was synthesized, while in the second stage, the core was charged in the reactor as a seed; and was recovered with a poly(butyl acrylate-co-2-ethyl hexyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) shell. The acrylic acid in the shell was varied between 0, 1, 3 and 5 wt%. The PSAs obtained were characterized by dynamic light scattering and zeta potential. The results of dynamic light scattering showed monodispersed particles with an average particle size of 350 nm, while the zeta potential results decreased as the acrylic acid content increased. The mechanical tests showed that the increase in acrylic acid content in the particle shell improves the adhesion properties. For peel adhesion, the maximum value was reached at 3 wt% of acrylic acid.

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40

Murase, Takuya, Shin-ichi Matsuoka, and Masato Suzuki. "Hydrogen-transfer and condensation–addition polymerizations of acrylic acid." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 21 (2018): 2984–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py00271a.

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41

Kowalski, Grzegorz, Karolina Kijowska, Mariusz Witczak, Łukasz Kuterasiński, and Marcin Łukasiewicz. "Synthesis and Effect of Structure on Swelling Properties of Hydrogels Based on High Methylated Pectin and Acrylic Polymers." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010114.

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The aim of the research was to develop new pectin-based hydrogels with excellent swelling properties. Superabsorbent hydrogels composed of high methylated pectin and partially neutralized poly(acrylic acid) was obtained by free radical polymerization in aqueous solution in the presence of crosslinking agent—N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide. The effect of crosslinker content and pectin to acrylic acid ratio on the swelling properties of hydrogels was investigated. In addition, the thermodynamic characteristic of hydrogels was obtained by DSC. Furthermore, the structure of pectin-based hydrogels was characterized by FTIR and GPC. It was also proved that poly(acrylic acid) is grafted on pectin particles. The results showed that introduction of small amount of pectin (up to 6.7 wt %) to poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel increase the swelling capacity, while further increasing of pectin ratio cause decrease of swelling.

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Choi, Jeeyoung, Hsiang J. Kung, Celia E. Macias, and Orhun K. Muratoglu. "Highly lubricious poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 100B, no. 2 (November 28, 2011): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.31980.

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Chu, Chia-Hsi, and Bret Berner. "Thermal analysis of poly(acrylic acid)/poly(oxyethylene) blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47, no. 6 (February 10, 1993): 1083–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070470615.

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McNeill, I. C., and S. M. T. Sadeghi. "Thermal stability and degradation mechanisms of poly(acrylic acid) and its salts: Part 1—Poly(acrylic acid)." Polymer Degradation and Stability 29, no. 2 (January 1990): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(90)90034-5.

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Chapman, Robert, Daniele Melodia, Jian-Bo Qu, and Martina H. Stenzel. "Controlled poly(olefin)s via decarboxylation of poly(acrylic acid)." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 43 (2017): 6636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py01466j.

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46

Morlay, Catherine, Yolande Mouginot, Monique Cromer, Michelle Chatelut, and Olivier Vittori. "Potentiometric study of cadmium(II) and lead(II) complexation by a cross-linked poly(acrylic acid). Comparison with the linear analogue." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 78, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 1637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-139.

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Cadmium(II) or lead(II) complex formation with an insoluble cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) was investigated in dilute aqueous solution (NaNO3 0.1 M, 25°C). Potentiometric titrations were carried out to determine the stability constants of the MA and MA2 complex species formed. The Bjerrum's method, modified by Gregor et al. (1955), for the study of polymeric acids was used. The results obtained showed that lead(II) was more readily bound to the polymer. PbA2 was the predominant species; the global stability constant log B102 was equal to 7.4. With cadmium(II), none of the complex species MA or MA2 was predominant (log B102 = 6.0). Finally, the comparison of these results with those of our previous studies showed that the insoluble cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) and its hydrosoluble linear analogues present similar complexing properties towards cadmium(II), lead(II), copper(II), and nickel(II).Key words: insoluble cross-linked poly(acrylic acid), cadmium(II), lead(II), complexation, potentiometry.

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47

Bo, Yin Jing, Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy, Victor A. Kan, Yulia R. Gabdulina, Grigoriy A. Mun, and Zauresh S. Nurkeeva. "Interaction of Chitosan with Hydrogel of Poly(Acrylic Acid) and Preparation of Encapsulated Drugs." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 3, no. 3 (July 5, 2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj565.

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<p>The complexation of linear chitosan with hydrogel of poly(acrylic acid) was studied in acetic acid solutions. It was found that the complexation is accompanied by contraction of hydrogel samples with formation of turbid layer on their surface. The dynamic changes of swelling ratio of poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel in course of the interaction with chitosan are interpreted from the diffusion theory point of view considering the properties of double electric layer on hydrogel-solution boundary. The FTIR spectroscopy method revealed the electrostatic mechanism of interaction between poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel and chitosan. The spectrum of polycomplex shows the bands, which are characteristic for both poly(acrylic acid) (1725, 1450, 1249 cm<sup>-1</sup>) and chitosan (1648, 1536, 1165, 1091, 1023 cm<sup>-1</sup>) confirming the sorption of the later polymer by hydrogel of poly(acrylic acid). The possibility of encapsulation of antibiotic levomycetin into polycomplex hydrogels as well as its release from the capsules has been studied. It was found that the maximal value of the drug released from the polycomplex capsule is achieved after the longer period in comparison with control experiment with its release from pure PAA hydrogel. It was shown that the interpolymer interactions between oppositely charged linear polymers and hydrogels could be successfully used for preparation of encapsulated forms of various physiologically active substances.</p>

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Ortega-Ortiz, Hortensia, Baltazar Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Gregorio Cadenas-Pliego, and Luis Ibarra Jimenez. "Antibacterial activity of chitosan and the interpolyelectrolyte complexes of poly(acrylic acid)-chitosan." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 53, no. 3 (June 2010): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132010000300016.

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The antimicrobial activity of chitosan and water soluble interpolyelectrolyte complexes of poly(acrylic acid)-chitosan was studied. Chitosans of two different molecular weights were tested at different concentration for 0.5 to 5 g·L-1 as antimicrobial agents against P. aeruginosa and P. oleovorans. In both cases, the best microbial inhibition was obtained with the concentration of 5 g·L-1. However, the interpolyelectrolyte complexes of poly(acrylic acid)-chitosan with composition φ =2 produced higher antibacterial activity than the two chitosans at the concentration of 0.5 g·L-1. The NPEC2 complex was more effective than chitosans. This could be attributed to the number of moles of the amino groups of chitosan and the carboxylic acid groups of the interpolyelectrolyte complexes poly(acrylic acid).

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Borisova, O. V., L. Billon, R. P. Richter, E. Reimhult, and O. V. Borisov. "pH- and Electro-Responsive Properties of Poly(acrylic acid) and Poly(acrylic acid)-block-poly(acrylic acid-grad-styrene) Brushes Studied by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring." Langmuir 31, no. 27 (June 29, 2015): 7684–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01993.

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Chi, Hui, Liqin Cao, and Jide Wang. "Synthesis of cross-linked copolymers of the (3-(2-pyridyl) acrylic acid)–copper(ii) complex in supercritical carbon dioxide for the catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol." RSC Advances 6, no. 6 (2016): 4434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra23546d.

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