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Journal articles on the topic 'POLY (ACRYLAMIDE-CO-ACRYLIC ACID) COMPOSITE'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Zaharia, Anamaria, Anita-Laura Radu, Stela Iancu, Ana-Mihaela Florea, Teodor Sandu, Iulian Minca, Victor Fruth-Oprisan, Mircea Teodorescu, Andrei Sarbu, and Tanta-Verona Iordache. "Bacterial cellulose-poly(acrylic acid-co-N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide) interpenetrated networks for the controlled release of fertilizers." RSC Advances 8, no. 32 (2018): 17635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra01733f.

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In this study, composite hydrogels with interpenetrated polymer networks (IPNs), based on bacterial cellulose (BC) and poly(acrylic acid-co-N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide) (PAA) were synthesized by radical polymerization.

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2

Cheng, Wei-Min, Xiang-Ming Hu, Yan-Yun Zhao, Ming-Yue Wu, Zun-Xiang Hu, and Xing-Teng Yu. "Preparation and swelling properties of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) composite hydrogels." e-Polymers 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2016-0250.

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AbstractIn order to study the effect of composite clays on the mechanical properties, water absorption and salt tolerance of a hydrogel, a poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/bentonite/kaolin composite hydrogel was prepared. Acrylic acid and acrylamide have been used as water absorbent monomers. N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide was used as a crosslinking agent while potassium persulfate was used as an initiator. The water preserving capability, repeated water absorption, salt resistance and the mechanical properties of the composite hydrogel are analyzed and discussed. The results show that a small quantity of bentonite can increase the storage modulus of the composite hydrogel, whereas the excess clay had an unfavorable effect on the mechanical strength of the composite hydrogel. Both bentonite and kaolin significantly improved the water preserving capability, repeated water absorption and salt resistance of the composite hydrogel. Optimum values for the amounts of bentonite and kaolin were found to be 10% and 5%, respectively.

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3

Tang, Yaoji, Rui Yang, Dong Ma, Bin Zhou, Linhui Zhu, and Jing Yang. "Removal of Methyl Orange from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto a Hydrogel Composite." Polymers and Polymer Composites 26, no. 2 (February 2018): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111802600204.

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Poly(acrylic acid- co-2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)/kaolin hydrogel composite was synthesised using acrylic acid (AA), 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and kaolin (KL) as main materials. The composite was characterised and used to remove methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solutions. Effect of adsorption conditions, including initial concentration of MO, contact time, pH values and ionic strength, on the adsorption capacities was studied. Maximal adsorption capacity was 506 mg/g as the initial concentration of MO was 1000 mg/L. It showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous, and the isotherms and kinetics were in good agreement with the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order equation, respectively.

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4

Simeonov, Marin, Anton Atanasov Apostolov, Milena Georgieva, Dimitar Tzankov, and Elena Vassileva. "Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/Polyacrylamide pIPNs/Magnetite Composite Hydrogels: Synthesis and Characterization." Gels 9, no. 5 (April 26, 2023): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9050365.

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Novel composite hydrogels based on poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/polyacrylamide pseudo-interpenetrating polymer networks (pIPNs) and magnetite were prepared via in situ precipitation of Fe3+/Fe2+ ions within the hydrogel structure. The magnetite formation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, and the size of the magnetite crystallites was shown to depend on the hydrogel composition: the crystallinity of the magnetite particles increased in line with PAAM content within the composition of the pIPNs. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed an interaction between the hydrogel matrix, via the carboxylic groups of polyacrylic acid, and Fe ions, which strongly influenced the formation of the magnetite articles. The composites’ thermal properties, examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), show an increase in the glass transition temperature of the obtained composites, which depends on the PAA/PAAM copolymer ratio in the pIPNs’ composition. Moreover, the composite hydrogels exhibit pH and ionic strength responsiveness as well as superparamagnetic properties. The study revealed the potential of pIPNs as matrices for controlled inorganic particle deposition as a viable method for the production of polymer nanocomposites.

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Zhu, Wenjuan, Zhiyong Yang, Akram Yasin, Yanxia Liu, and Letao Zhang. "Preparation of Poly(acrylic acid-acrylamide/starch) Composite and Its Adsorption Properties for Mercury (II)." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 3277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123277.

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The poly(acrylic acid-acrylamide/starch) composite was synthesized by solution polymerization, aiming to adsorb mercury (II) in water. The resulted copolymer was characterized by particle size exclusion chromatography (SEC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering particle size analyzer (DLS). It turned out that starch was successfully incorporated with the macromolecular polymer matrix and played a key role for improving the performance of the composites. These characterization results showed that the graft copolymer exhibited narrow molecular weight distribution, rough but uniform morphology, good thermal stability and narrow particle size distribution. The graft copolymer was used to remove Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution. The effects of contact time, pH value, initial mercury (II) concentration and temperature on the adsorption capacity of Hg(II) ions were researched. It was found that after 120 min of interaction, poly(acrylic acid-acrylamide/starch) composite achieved the maximum adsorption capacity of 19.23 mg·g−1 to Hg(II) ions with initial concentration of 15 mg·L−1, pH of 5.5 at 45 °C. Compared with other studies with the same purpose, the composites synthesized in this study present high adsorption properties for Hg(II) ion in dilute solution. The adsorption kinetics of Hg(II) on the poly(acrylic acid-acrylamide/starch) composite fits well with the pseudo second order model.

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6

Wang, Yongsheng, Yongfeng Zhu, Yan Liu, Bin Mu, and Aiqin Wang. "Slow Release and Water Retention Performance of Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/Fulvic Acid/Oil Shale Semicoke Superabsorbent Composites." Polymers 14, no. 9 (April 22, 2022): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091719.

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In order to achieve the low cost and multifunction of superabsorbent composites, poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/fulvic acid/oil shale semicoke (PAMFS) were prepared by free radical copolymerization of fulvic acid (FA), oil shale semicoke (OSSC), acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM). The characterization results revealed that FA and OSSC were involved in the construction of a three-dimensional (3D) polymeric network via hydrogen bonding and covalent bonding. The water absorbency of PAMFS in distilled water and 0.9 wt% NaCl solution were 724 and 98 g/g, respectively. The FA slow release of PAMFS in distilled water and soil was achieved due to the interaction between FA and the functional groups of polymer matrix by hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds. Furthermore, the potted experiment indicated that the addition of PAMFS to soil can significantly promote plant growth compared with the pure soil, regardless of water stress. Therefore, this superabsorbent composite showed an excellent water absorption and salt resistance performance, as well as nice slow release performance. It has a broad application prospect.

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7

Yang, Huang, and Sun Dong-ping. "BACTERIAL CELLULOSE WHISKER/POLY(ACRYLIC ACID-co-ACRYLAMIDE) SUPER-ABSORBENT COMPOSITE RESINS." Acta Polymerica Sinica 013, no. 9 (October 9, 2013): 1183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1105.2013.12397.

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8

Diao, Quan, Hongyan Liu, and Yanyu Yang. "A Highly Mechanical, Conductive, and Cryophylactic Double Network Hydrogel for Flexible and Low-Temperature Tolerant Strain Sensors." Gels 8, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8070424.

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Due to their stretchability, conductivity, and good biocompatibility, hydrogels have been recognized as potential materials for flexible sensors. However, it is still challenging for hydrogels to meet the conductivity, mechanical strength, and freeze-resistant requirements in practice. In this study, a chitosan-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) double network (DN) hydrogel was prepared by immersing the chitosan-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) composite hydrogel into Fe2(SO4)3 solution. Due to the formation of an energy-dissipative chitosan physical network, the DN hydrogel possessed excellent tensile and compression properties. Moreover, the incorporation of the inorganic salt endowed the DN hydrogel with excellent conductivity and freeze-resistance. The strain sensor prepared using this DN hydrogel displayed remarkable sensitivity and reliability in detecting stretching and bending deformations. In addition, this DN hydrogel sensor also worked well at a lower temperature (−20 °C). The highly mechanical, conductive, and freeze-resistant DN hydrogel revealed a promising application in the field of wearable devices.

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9

Sjaifullah, Achmad, I. Nyoman Adi Winata, and Ahmad Suhardiman. "Hydrogel Composite Based On Arrowroot Starch-G-Poly (Acrylamide-Co-Acrylic Acid)/Zeolite as Matrix of Controlled Release Urea Fertilizer." Indonesian Chimica Letters 1, no. 1 (June 17, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/icl.v1i1.10.

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Agricultural yields can be increased through fertilization. Conventional fertilization by spreading fertilizer on agricultural land is very ineffective. As much as 40-70% of the nitrogen from urea given through conventional fertilization will be leaching. This problem can be overcome by implementing a new fertilization system, namely by applying controlled fertilizer release technology or Control Release Fertilizer (CRF). The CRF system is made by loading or mixing urea fertilizer at the time of synthesis of a composite based on Arrowroot Starch-g-poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)/zeolite. Fertilizer will come off gradually during fertilizing the land. Synthesis of starch-based hydrogel composite Arrowroot Starch-g-poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)/zeolite loaded or mixed with urea fertilizer, has been successfully carried out. The composite's structure characterized by IR spectroscopy and its ability as CRF has also been tested through swelling and urea release tests in distilled water, phosphate buffer pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9. The results show that the swelling capacity and urea release in distilled water > Buffer pH 7 > pH 9 > pH 5. The welling degree in distilled water, Buffer pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9 is 39.078; 18,719; 36,296 and 33,510 g.g-1 respectively and the release of urea is 2,129; 1,829; 2,110; and 2,091 mg.mL-1 respectively and they showed significant differences.

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10

Shaheen Wali, Shaheen Wali, Manzoor Iqbal Khattak Manzoor Iqbal Khattak, and Mahmood Iqbal Khattak and Ashif Sjjad Mahmood Iqbal Khattak and Ashif Sjjad. "Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Karak Bentonite Clay-Graft-Poly (Acrylamide/Co- Acrylic Acid) Superabsorbent Composite and its Adsorption Study for Selected Heavy Metals." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 45, no. 3 (2023): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/001240/jcsp/45.03.2023.

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A novel superabsorbent composite (SAC) based on bentonite, acrylamide and acrylic acid was synthesized. The effects of bentonite quantity, initiator content on the grafting degree and on the water absorbency for the samples were studied. Synthesis mechanism, morphology and thermal properties of the SAC were characterized. FTIR results confirmed the presence of acrylamide/ acrylic acid onto bentonite backbone while TGA showed that introduction of 70 % bentonite to polymer increases thermal stability. The SAC was also tested in the removal of heavy metal in aqueous solution where kinetics analyses were performed using Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The optimum adsorption capability of heavy metal ions onto bentonite-based SAC from solution was 92, 48 and 91 % for Pb++, Ni++, and Cu++ respectively. The unique characteristics of these SAC such as its slow-release and water-retention capability, nontoxicity in soil, environmentally friendly and high capacity for the removal of heavy metals might be very valuable in agriculture and environmental studies

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11

Rabat, Nurul Ekmi, Shahrir Hashim, and Rohah A. Majid. "Water Absorbency Properties of OPEFB Filled Hydrogels Composites." Advanced Materials Research 980 (June 2014): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.980.18.

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For slow release fertilizer application, oil palm empty fruit bunch-grafted-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) [OPEFB-g-P(AA-co-AAm)] hydrogel composites were synthesized via two techniques; Two Steps (T1) and in-situ (T2). Scanning electron microscopy of hydrogel composite T1 has higher surface area and holes while hydrogel T2 displays smoother and tighter surface. Water absorbency capacity of hydrogel T1 is 42.90 gram/gram (g/g) and hydrogel T2 is 39.96 g/g. WAC of hydrogel T2 has much better re-swelling ability compared to T1 after it went through five cycles of drying-swelling-drying process. Hence, T2 has produced a hydrogel composite that is reusable with great morphology properties.

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12

Munazzah Saeed, Munazzah Saeed, Manzoor Iqbal Manzoor Iqbal, Mahmood Iqbal Mahmood Iqbal, and Sayed Muhammad Salman and Sadiq Afridi Sayed Muhammad Salman and Sadiq Afridi. "Study of the Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-kaolinite Composite Reference to Adsorption of Cd and Pb from Aqueous Solutions." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 43, no. 2 (2021): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000559/jcsp/43.02.2021.

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A novel poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/ kaolinite composite was produced by copolymerization of partially neutralized acrylic acid and acrylamide with sawdust for crosslinking applying Bis-acrylamide having linear formulae (C₇H₁₀N₂O₂.), (H₂C=CHCONH) 2CH₂, potassium persulfate, K2S2O8 as initiator and sodium sulphite used as accelerator to reduce the polymerization time. Physiognomy of the composite was performed by techniques viz., Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Radiation Diffractometry (Crystallography), Structural-Equation-Modeling, Energy-Dispersal X-Radiation-Analysis and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller methods. Divalent cadmium and lead electrolytes (adsorbate) adsorption on the adsorbent (composite) in aqueous solution was studied in batch experiments optimizing reaction parameters like “IA” of equilibrium amount, “CT” (wet time), neutrality (alkalinity and acidity) and calefaction (thermal reading). The quasi 2nd order kinetic archetypal ensued by AK. Adsorption isotherrms were applied to the empirical statistics which fitted well with a) Irving-Langmuir-isotherm and b) Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The supreme adsorption dimensions, qm (from Irving-Langmuir isotherm) at 25oC, were 28.57 mg g-1 and 32.25 mg g-1 for divalent cadmium and lead electrolytes, respectively. Data of activation energy (12.148 kJ mol-1 and 7.165 kJ mol-1 for divalent cadmium and lead electrolytes respectively) indicated physio-absorption. Results of thermodynamic parameters like ∆Go, ∆Ho and ∆So for both divalent cadmium and lead electrolytes suggested the phenomenon of the endothermic and spontaneity nature of the process. The newly synthesized composite attributed to its cost effective and environment friendly nature of the synthesis which will be deemed as a capable substance for the exclusion of adsorbent divalent cadmium and lead electrolytes from aqueous suspensions.

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13

Munazzah Saeed, Munazzah Saeed, Manzoor Iqbal Manzoor Iqbal, Mahmood Iqbal Mahmood Iqbal, and Sayed Muhammad Salman and Sadiq Afridi Sayed Muhammad Salman and Sadiq Afridi. "Study of the Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-kaolinite Composite Reference to Adsorption of Cd and Pb from Aqueous Solutions." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 43, no. 2 (2021): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000559.

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A novel poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/ kaolinite composite was produced by copolymerization of partially neutralized acrylic acid and acrylamide with sawdust for crosslinking applying Bis-acrylamide having linear formulae (C₇H₁₀N₂O₂.), (H₂C=CHCONH) 2CH₂, potassium persulfate, K2S2O8 as initiator and sodium sulphite used as accelerator to reduce the polymerization time. Physiognomy of the composite was performed by techniques viz., Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Radiation Diffractometry (Crystallography), Structural-Equation-Modeling, Energy-Dispersal X-Radiation-Analysis and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller methods. Divalent cadmium and lead electrolytes (adsorbate) adsorption on the adsorbent (composite) in aqueous solution was studied in batch experiments optimizing reaction parameters like “IA” of equilibrium amount, “CT” (wet time), neutrality (alkalinity and acidity) and calefaction (thermal reading). The quasi 2nd order kinetic archetypal ensued by AK. Adsorption isotherrms were applied to the empirical statistics which fitted well with a) Irving-Langmuir-isotherm and b) Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The supreme adsorption dimensions, qm (from Irving-Langmuir isotherm) at 25oC, were 28.57 mg g-1 and 32.25 mg g-1 for divalent cadmium and lead electrolytes, respectively. Data of activation energy (12.148 kJ mol-1 and 7.165 kJ mol-1 for divalent cadmium and lead electrolytes respectively) indicated physio-absorption. Results of thermodynamic parameters like ∆Go, ∆Ho and ∆So for both divalent cadmium and lead electrolytes suggested the phenomenon of the endothermic and spontaneity nature of the process. The newly synthesized composite attributed to its cost effective and environment friendly nature of the synthesis which will be deemed as a capable substance for the exclusion of adsorbent divalent cadmium and lead electrolytes from aqueous suspensions.

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14

Zhang, Buning, Yingde Cui, Guoqiang Yin, Xinming Li, Liewen Liao, and Xibin Cai. "Synthesis and swelling properties of protein-poly(acrylic acid-co -acrylamide) superabsorbent composite." Polymer Composites 32, no. 5 (March 9, 2011): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.21077.

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15

Zhu, Wenjuan, Yagang Zhang, Penglei Wang, Zhiyong Yang, Akram Yasin, and Letao Zhang. "Preparation and Applications of Salt-Resistant Superabsorbent Poly (Acrylic Acid-Acrylamide/Fly Ash) Composite." Materials 12, no. 4 (February 16, 2019): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040596.

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Solution polymerization synthesized alt-resistant superabsorbent poly (acrylic acid-acrylamide/fly ash) composites. The mass ratio of acrylic acid (AA) to acrylamide (AM), the concentration of crosslinker, the neutralization degree (ND) of AA, and the polymerization temperature were investigated by single-factor method. Optimized conditions for the synthesis of poly (acrylic acid-acrylamide/fly ash) (PAA-AM/FA) are, as following: m (AA)/m (AM) is 1.5, the content of crosslinker N, N-methylenebisacrylamide. (MBA) is 0.7%, neutralization degree of AA is 70%, polymerization temperature is 70 °C, and fly ash (FA) content is 50%. The prepared PAA-AM/FA demonstrated superior water absorption performance. The absorption capacities of PAA-AM/FA for pure water and 0.9% NaCl solution were found to be 976 g·g−1 and 81 g·g−1, respectively. Furthermore, PAA-AM/FA was found to have excellent adsorption capacity (148 mg·g−1) for Rhodamine B in water. Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterized the prepared materials. Results showed that fly ash was incorporated into the macromolecular polymer matrix and played a key role in improving the performance of the polymer composites.

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16

Xu, Kun, Yao Liu, Yang Wang, Ying Tan, Xuecheng Liang, Cuige Lu, Haiwei Wang, Xiusheng Liu, and Pixin Wang. "A novel poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/diatomite composite flocculant with outstanding flocculation performance." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 6 (June 9, 2015): 889–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.290.

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Series of anionic flocculants with outstanding flocculation performance, poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/diatomite composite flocculants (PAAD) were successfully prepared through aqueous solution copolymerization and applied to flocculate from oil-field fracturing waste-water. The structure of PAAD was characterized by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy , 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction tests, and its properties were systematically evaluated by viscometer, thermogravimetry analysis and flocculation measurements. Furthermore, the influences of various reaction parameters on the apparent viscosity of flocculant solution were studied, and the optimum synthesis condition was determined. The novel composite flocculants exhibited outstanding flocculation properties. Specifically, the dosage of composite flocculants that could make the transmittance of treated wastewater exceed 90% was only approximately 12–35 ppm, which was far lower than that of conventional flocculants. Meanwhile, the settling time was lower than 5 s, which was similar to that of conventional flocculants. This was because PAAD flocculants had a higher absorption capacity, and larger chain extending space than conventional linear flocculants, which could refrain from the entanglement of linear polymer chains and significantly improve flocculation capacity.

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17

Shen, Shang Yue, Kai Sheng Xia, Hui Ling, and Li Ren Fan. "Synthesis and Properties of Potassium-Containing Poly(Acrylic Acid Sodium-Co-Acrylamide)Fly Ash-Illite Superabsorbent Composite." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.59.

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The fly ash with a loose and porous structure has definite absorbent ability, which has a good effect on soil improvement. Illite belongs to clay minerals, it has absorbent ability and higher potassium, which can improve the soil fertility. In this study, poly(acrylic acid sodium-co-acrylamide)(PAANa-AM)/fly ash-illite superabsorbent composite was firstly prepared by solution polymerization. The structures were characterized using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectrum. The results showed that the fly ash and illite dispersed well in the composite. The K+ in illite was replaced by Na+ in acrylic acid sodium and thus the illite structure turned into paragonite during the process of preparing composite, however, the structure of fly ash was maintained in the composite. Moreover, the hydroxide radical in illite reacted with the carbonyl group in acrylic acid during polymerization. The best absorbent capacities of the composite in distilled water, tap water and normal saline were 1695, 445 and 106 g/g, respectively, which exceeded the requirements of The National 863 Program and Ministry of Agriculture of People’s Republic of China. The potassium release was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry and the results indicated that the composite can release 12.80% of the potassium ion in fly ash and illite. The superabsorbent material has low cost and favors improvement of soil and potassium-deficiency.

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Kangwansupamonkon, Wiyong, Walasinee Jitbunpot, and Suda Kiatkamjornwong. "Photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2/poly[acrylamide-co-(acrylic acid)] composite for textile dye degradation." Polymer Degradation and Stability 95, no. 9 (September 2010): 1894–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.04.019.

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19

Zhang, Junping, An Li, and Aiqin Wang. "Synthesis and characterization of multifunctional poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/sodium humate superabsorbent composite." Reactive and Functional Polymers 66, no. 7 (July 2006): 747–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2005.11.002.

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20

Tang, Yaoji, Dong Ma, and Linhui Zhu. "Sorption Behavior of Methyl Violet onto Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/Kaolin Hydrogel Composite." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 53, no. 8 (May 28, 2014): 851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2014.886052.

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21

Zhu, Linhui, Fangyuan Wang, Yu Liu, Hongduo Tang, and Chengdong Guan. "Preparation and absorption properties of poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/graphite oxide superabsorbent composite." Advances in Polymer Technology 37, no. 8 (November 22, 2018): 3680–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adv.22152.

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Lv, Xiao Dan, Zheng Yang Wang, Jian Hui Zhang, Zi Shu Chen, Wei Feng Cao, Fang Ming Liu, and Qi Dan Chen. "Facile Fabrication of Poly(Acrylic Acid-Co-Acrylamide) Hydrogel with 4A Molecular Sieve for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 852–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.852.

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A novel hydrogel was successfully synthesized through doping 4A molecular sieve (4A-MS) into poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) and used for the removal of Cu2+, Ni2+, Cd2+and Pb2+in the solution. The composite hydrogel all exhibited high sorption capacity (SC) and high elution percentage (EP) for the four above heavy metal ions. Simultaneously, the water uptake (WU) of the hydrogel was dramatically decreased and the mechanical strength of the absorbent hydrogel was improved with increasing 4A-MS content.

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Ghorbaniazar, Parisa, Amir Sepehrianazar, Morteza Eskandani, Mohsen Nabi-Meibodi, Maryam Kouhsoltani, and Hamed Hamishehkar. "Preparation of Poly Acrylic Acid-Poly Acrylamide Composite Nanogels by Radiation Technique." Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/apb.2015.037.

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24

Wang, Yongsheng, Li Zeng, Xuefeng Ren, Hai Song, and Aiqin Wang. "Removal of Methyl Violet from aqueous solutions using poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/attapulgite composite." Journal of Environmental Sciences 22, no. 1 (January 2010): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60068-1.

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Marandi, G. Bagheri, and H. Hosseinzadeh. "Gelatin-G-Poly(Sodium Acrylate-co-Acrylamide)/Kaolin Superabsorbent Hydrogel Composites: Synthesis, Characterisation and Swelling Behaviour." Polymers and Polymer Composites 15, no. 5 (July 2007): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110701500507.

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A novel superabsorbent hydrogel composite based on gelatin has been prepared by graft copolymerisation of acrylic acid and acrylamide in the presence of kaolin powder, using methylene-bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinking agent and ammonium persulfate as an initiator. The synthetic variables affecting the water absorbency of the resulting superabsorbent composite were studied and the composite structure was confirmed using FT-IR spectroscopy. A new absorption band at 1728 cm−1 in the composite spectrum confirmed the presence of a kaolin-organic polymer linkage. The effect of kaolin content and MBA concentration showed that increasing these parameters decreased the water absorbency of the superabsorbent composite. The swelling measurements were conducted in aqueous salt solutions. Results indicated that the swelling ratios decreased with an increase in the ionic strength of the salt solutions. The pH of the various solutions also affected the swelling of the superabsorbent. Finally, the swelling kinetics of synthesised composites with various absorbent particle sizes was briefly examined.

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Zhu, Linhui, Chengdong Guan, Bin Zhou, Zhentao Zhang, Rui Yang, Yaoji Tang, and Jing Yang. "Adsorption of Dyes onto Sodium Alginate Graft Poly(Acrylic Acid-co-2-Acrylamide-2-Methyl Propane Sulfonic Acid)/ Kaolin Hydrogel Composite." Polymers and Polymer Composites 25, no. 8 (October 2017): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111702500808.

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Adsorption of four dyes, namely methyl violet (MV), rhodamine 6G (R6G), acid chrome blue K (AK) and xylenol orange (XO) onto sodium alginate graft poly(acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonicacid)/kaolin (SA-g-P(AA-co-AMPS)/KL) hydrogel composite is studied. The factors influencing the adsorption capacities, including the initial concentrations of dye solutions, contact time, initial pH values and dosage of the adsorbent as well as ionic strength of the solution are discussed. It is more effective for the composite to adsorb cationic dyes such as MV and R6G rather than anionic dyes AK and XO. The maximum adsorption capacities of MV, R6G, AK and XO are 1361.1, 1627.8, 563.5 and 312.4 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption thermodynamics for the four dyes are in accordance with both the Freudlich and Redlich-Peterson equations. It is shown that adsorption of the cationic dyes R6G and MV is spontaneous, while that of anionic dyes AK and XO is not. The kinetics studies show that the adsorption of the four dyes fitted a pseudo-second-order equation.

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Inphonlek, Supharat, Namthip Bureewong, Kasama Jarukumjorn, Pranee Chumsamrong, Chaiwat Ruksakulpiwat, and Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat. "Preparation of Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-Grafted Deproteinized Natural Rubber and Its Effect on the Properties of Natural Rubber/Silica Composites." Polymers 14, no. 21 (October 29, 2022): 4602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214602.

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This work aims to enhance the polarity of natural rubber by grafting copolymers onto deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) to improve its compatibility with silica. Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-grafted DPNR ((PAA-co-PAM)-DPNR) was successfully prepared by graft copolymerization with acrylic acid and acrylamide in the latex stage, as confirmed by FTIR. The optimum conditions to obtain the highest conversion, grafting efficiency, and grafting percentage were a reaction time of 360 min, a reaction temperature of 50 °C, and an initiator concentration of 1.0 phr. The monomer conversion, grafting efficiency, and grafting percentage were 91.9–94.1, 20.8–38.9, and 2.1–9.9%, respectively, depending on the monomer content. It was shown that the polarity of the natural rubber increased after grafting. The (PAA-co-PAM)-DPNR was then mixed with silica to prepare DPNR/silica composites. The presence of the (PAA-co-PAM)-DPNR and silica in the composites was found to improve the mechanical properties of the DPNR. The incorporation of 10 phr of silica into the (PAA-co-PAM)-DPNR with 10 phr monomer increased its tensile strength by 1.55 times when compared to 10 phr of silica loaded into the DPNR. The silica-filled (PAA-co-PAM)-DPNR provided s higher storage modulus, higher Tg, and a lower tan δ peak, indicating stronger modified DPNR/silica interactions and greater thermal stability when compared to silica-filled DPNR.

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28

Said, Majd, Yomen Atassi, Mohammad Tally, and Hany Khatib. "Environmentally Friendly Chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/Ground Basalt Superabsorbent Composite for Agricultural Applications." Journal of Polymers and the Environment 26, no. 9 (June 21, 2018): 3937–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10924-018-1269-5.

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29

Li, Shengfang, Hongping Huang, Min Tao, Xianli Liu, and Tao Cheng. "Frontal polymerization preparation of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)/activated carbon composite hydrogels for dye removal." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 129, no. 6 (March 4, 2013): 3737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.39139.

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30

Zhu, Linhui, Yu Liu, and Yangwenyi L, Yaoji Tang. "Synthesis of chitosan graft poly (acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid)/graphite oxide composite hydrogel and the study of its adsorption." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112210861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221086164.

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Chitosan graft poly (acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid)/graphite oxide (CTS-g-P(AA-co-AMPS)/GO) composite hydrogel is synthesized and used to remove rhodamine 6G (R6G) and methyl violet (MV) from aqueous solutions by adsorption. The composite is characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effect of the adsorption conditions, including the amount of graphite oxide (GO), the initial concentration of dye solutions, the adsorption time, ionic strength, and the mass of the composite, on the adsorption capacities has been studied in detail. It can be seen that small amount of GO can improve the adsorption capacities of both dyes. It is found that the adsorption capacities of R6G and MV can be increased by 57.26% and 26.39%, respectively, compared with CTS-g-P(AA-co-AMPS graft copolymer. The maximal adsorption capacity of R6G and MV is 625.3 and 326.4 mg/g, respectively. The interaction between GO and dye molecules are speculated. GO acts as crosslinking points and combine with the CTS-g-P(AA-co-AMPS) graft copolymer through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic actions. The adsorption isotherms and thermodynamics are discussed. The Gibbs free energy of R6G and MV is that △GR6GӨ = −2.478 KJ/mol and △GMVӨ = −2.577 KJ/mol and it indicates that the adsorption of R6G and MV on CTS-g-P(AA-co-AMPS)/GO is spontaneous and satisfied the Redlich-Peterson equation. Kinetic studies show that the adsorption is in accordance with the Lagergren pseudo first-order kinetic model.

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31

Anirudhan, Thayyath Sreenivasan, and Sylaja Raveendran Rejeena. "Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)-grafted nanocellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite for thein vitrogastrointestinal release of amoxicillin." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 131, no. 17 (April 4, 2014): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.40699.

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32

Zhang, Junping, Ruifeng Liu, An Li, and Aiqin Wang. "Preparation, Swelling Behaviors, and Slow-Release Properties of a Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/Sodium Humate Superabsorbent Composite." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 45, no. 1 (January 2006): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie050745j.

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33

Wei, Congcong, Zhiqun Xu, Fuhao Han, Wenkai Xu, Junjie Gu, Minrui Ou, and Xiaoping Xu. "Preparation and characterization of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/montmorillonite composite and its application for methylene blue adsorption." Colloid and Polymer Science 296, no. 4 (February 21, 2018): 653–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-018-4277-z.

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34

Chauhan, Ghanshyam S., Suresh Kumar, Monika Verma, and Rajeev Sharma. "Graft Copolymers of Poly(methyl methacrylate) on Cellulose and Their Use as Supports in Metal Ion Sorption." Polymers and Polymer Composites 13, no. 1 (January 2005): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110501300109.

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In order to develop new polymeric materials for environmental technologies based on cellulose, methyl methacrylate was graft copolymerized using benzoyl peroxide as free radical initiator. Reaction conditions were established for optimum grafting of methyl methacrylate and used to co-graft with it co-monomers such as acrylamide, acrylic acid and acrylonitrile. Graft copolymers were characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis, and swelling behaviour in water and dimethyl formamide. Attempts were made to evaluate the effect of co-monomer concentration on the grafting behaviour of methyl methacrylate and on the structure of the copolymers. Candidate co-polymers were used as supports for the sorption of metal ions. Results were compared with those obtained using native cellulose, cellulose phosphate and oxycellulose.

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35

Zhang, Jun Ping, An Li, and Ai Qin Wang. "Study on superabsorbent composite. V. Synthesis, swelling behaviors and application of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/sodium humate/attapulgite superabsorbent composite." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 16, no. 11-12 (November 2005): 813–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.657.

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36

Şolpan, Dilek, and Olgun Güven. "Adsorption of Uranyl Ions into Poly(Acrylamide‐co‐Acrylic Acid) Hydrogels Prepared by Gamma Irradiation." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 42, no. 4 (April 13, 2005): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ma-200054357.

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37

Tang, Yaoji, Chengdong Guan, Yangwenyi Liu, Zhentao Zhang, Baoming Li, and Linhui Zhu. "Preparation and absorption studies of poly(acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid)/graphene oxide superabsorbent composite." Polymer Bulletin 76, no. 3 (July 23, 2018): 1383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2446-3.

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38

Linhui Zhu, Yu Liu, Bin Zhou, Hongduo Tang, Fangyuan Wang, and Chengdong Guan. "Synthesis and the Swelling Behavior of Sodium Alginate Graft Poly (Acrylic Acid-co-acrylamide)/Graphite Oxide Super Absorbent Composite." Polymer Science, Series B 61, no. 5 (September 2019): 680–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1560090419050221.

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39

Chu, Mo, Shu-Quan Zhu, Zhan-Bin Huang, and Hua-Min Li. "Influence of potassium humate on the swelling properties of a poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/ potassium humate superabsorbent composite." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 107, no. 6 (2007): 3727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.27410.

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40

Jiang, Liping, and Peng Liu. "Covalently crosslinked fly ash/poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) composite microgels as novel magnetic selective adsorbent for Pb2+ ion." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 426 (July 2014): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2014.03.045.

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41

Janovák, László, János Varga, Lajos Kemény, and Imre Dékány. "Investigation of the structure and swelling of poly(N-isopropyl-acrylamide-acrylamide) and poly(N-isopropyl-acrylamide-acrylic acid) based copolymer and composite hydrogels." Colloid and Polymer Science 286, no. 14-15 (October 16, 2008): 1575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-008-1933-8.

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42

Xue, Shishan, Yuanpeng Wu, Meiling Guo, Yuanmeng Xia, Dan Liu, Hongwei Zhou, and Weiwei Lei. "Self-healable poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid)/glycerol/boron nitride nanosheet composite hydrogels at low temperature with enhanced mechanical properties and water retention." Soft Matter 15, no. 18 (2019): 3680–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm00179d.

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43

Ganguly, Sayan, and Narayan C. Das. "Synthesis of a novel pH responsive phyllosilicate loaded polymeric hydrogel based on poly(acrylic acid-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone) and polyethylene glycol for drug delivery: modelling and kinetics study for the sustained release of an antibiotic drug." RSC Advances 5, no. 24 (2015): 18312–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra16119j.

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In this study, we developed a novel pH-sensitive composite interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) hydrogel based on polyethylene gylcol (PEG) and poly(acrylic acid-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone) crosslinked with N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA).

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44

Carrillo-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos, Héctor Iván Meléndez-Ortiz, Bertha Puente-Urbina, Gabriela Padrón, Antonio Ledezma, and Rebeca Betancourt-Galindo. "Composite based on poly(acrylic acid-co -itaconic acid) hydrogel with antibacterial performance." Polymer Composites 39, no. 1 (February 5, 2016): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.23917.

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45

Lim, H. L., S. N. A. Mazlan, S. Ghazali, S. Abd Rahim, and S. S. Jamari. "Investigation on the water absorbency, chemical and thermal properties of superabsorbent poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/spent coffee ground composite." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 736 (March 5, 2020): 052021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/736/5/052021.

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46

Wu, Fang, Yong Zhang, Lin Liu, and Juming Yao. "Synthesis and characterization of a novel cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) superabsorbent composite based on flax yarn waste." Carbohydrate Polymers 87, no. 4 (March 2012): 2519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.11.028.

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47

Inphonlek, Supharat, Kasama Jarukumjorn, Pranee Chumsamrong, Chaiwat Ruksakulpiwat, and Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat. "Preparation of Crosslinked Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-Grafted Deproteinized Natural Rubber/Silica Composites as Coating Materials for Controlled Release of Fertilizer." Polymers 15, no. 7 (April 2, 2023): 1770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15071770.

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The crosslinked poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-grafted deproteinized natural rubber/silica ((PAA-co-PAM)-DPNR/silica) composites were prepared and applied as coating materials for fertilizer in this work. The crosslinked (PAA-co-PAM)-DPNR was prepared via emulsion graft copolymerization in the presence of MBA as a crosslinking agent. The modified DPNR was mixed with various contents of silica (10 to 30 phr) to form the composites. The existence of crosslinked (PAA-co-PAM) after modification provided a water adsorption ability to DPNR. The swelling degree values of composites were found in the range of 2217.3 ± 182.0 to 8132.3 ± 483.8%. The addition of silica in the composites resulted in an improvement in mechanical properties. The crosslinked (PAA-co-PAM)-DPNR with 20 phr of silica increased its compressive strength and compressive modulus by 1.61 and 1.55 times compared to the unloaded silica sample, respectively. There was no breakage of samples after 80% compression strain. Potassium nitrate, a model fertilizer, was loaded into chitosan beads with a loading percentage of 40.55 ± 1.03% and then coated with the modified natural rubber/silica composites. The crosslinked (PAA-co-PAM)-DPNR/silica composites as the outer layers had the ability of holding water in their structure and retarded the release of fertilizer. These composites could be promising materials for controlled release and water retention that would have potential for agricultural application.

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48

Cetiner, S., M. Olariu, N. U. Kaya, and S. Aradoaei. "Thermally Stimulated Discharge Currents of Poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic Acid)-Polypyrrole Composites." Key Engineering Materials 543 (March 2013): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.543.154.

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Thermally Stimulated Discharge Currents, one of the oldest destructive method widely used for studying the mechanisms of polarization and depolarization within the dielectrics was employed for determining information related to trapped and/or detrapped charges and activation energy (Ea) within P(AN-co-AA)-PPy composite films. Two peaks or two relaxation regions could be noticed on the TSDC spectra for each material under test: one at a temperature around 323.15K (50°C), attributed to decomposition due to DMF removal as presented in our previous studies, and a second one at 363.15K (90°C), attributed to glass transition temperature. An increased of detrapped charges was observed when the PPy quantity within the P(AN-co-AA) matrix was increased. The same time, both relaxations appeared at very close temperatures for all three samples under test. Complementary measurements for an in-depth electrical analysis were performed with the help of Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS), while further information regarding conductive composites structures was obtained through FTIR-ATR analysis.

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Attallah, Mohamed F., Aly A. Helal, Mostafa M. Hamed, and Karam F. Allan. "Elaboration of composite based on the incorporation of marble particles into polymeric framework for the removal of Co(II) and Eu(III)." Radiochimica Acta 110, no. 2 (November 23, 2021): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2021-1025.

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Abstract The incorporation of marble particles into the framework of composite material through the polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide acid (AM) using induced gamma irradiation was performed. The novel poly[AA-AM]-marble composite was characterized by multiple analytical instruments such as: energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetric analysis (DTA-TGA), Fourier transformer infrared (FTIR), surface area measurements using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Radioisotopes of fission (152+154Eu) and activation products (60Co) are the major environmental threats. Sorption of stable isotopes of cobalt and europium onto the synthesized composite material as the sorbent is applied. Sorption kinetics of Eu3+ and Co2+ were computed. The obtained results were analyzed by pseudo-first- and second-order, intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich kinetic models. It is deduced that the pseudo-second-order was more fitted and a chemisorption mechanism was suggested. The sorption capacity for Eu3+ and Co2+ on the prepared composite material was measured at the contact time (2 h) and pH = 4 (for Eu3+), pH = 6 (for Co2+) and it was found to be 91.2 and 13.1 mg/g, respectively. A promising result for the decontamination of both Eu and Co ions was obtained in various aquatic ecosystem applications such as: river water, tap water and groundwater.

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Zhang, Zhuohao, Zhuoyue Chen, Yu Wang, and Yuanjin Zhao. "Bioinspired conductive cellulose liquid-crystal hydrogels as multifunctional electrical skins." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 31 (July 16, 2020): 18310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007032117.

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Bionic electronic skin (E-skin) that could convert external physical or mechanical stimuli into output signals has a wide range of applications including wearable devices, artificial prostheses, software robots, etc. Here, we present a chameleon-inspired multifunctional E-skin based on hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), Poly(Acrylamide-co-Acrylic acid) (PACA), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composited liquid-crystal hydrogel. We found that the HPC could still form cholesteric liquid-crystal photonic structures with the CNTs additive for enhancing their color saturation and PACA polymerization for locating their assembled periodic structures. As the composite hydrogel containing HPC elements and the PACA scaffold responds to different stimuli, such as temperature variations, mechanical pressure, and tension, it could correspondingly change its volume or internal nanostructure and report these as visible color switches. In addition, due to the additive of CNTs, the composite hydrogel could also output these stimuli as electrical resistance signals. Thus, the hydrogel E-skins had the ability of quantitatively feeding back external stimuli through electrical resistance as well as visually mapping the stimulating sites by color variation. This dual-signal sensing provides the ability of visible-user interaction as well as antiinterference, endowing the multifunctional E-skin with great application prospects.

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