Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polr3g

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Academic literature on the topic 'Polr3g'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 October 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Polr3g"

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Wang, Xiaoling, Alan Gerber, Wei-Yi Chen, and Robert G. Roeder. "Functions of paralogous RNA polymerase III subunits POLR3G and POLR3GL in mouse development." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 27 (June 23, 2020): 15702–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922821117.

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Mammalian cells contain two isoforms of RNA polymerase III (Pol III) that differ in only a single subunit, with POLR3G in one form (Pol IIIα) and the related POLR3GL in the other form (Pol IIIβ). Previous research indicates that POLR3G and POLR3GL are differentially expressed, with POLR3G expression being highly enriched in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and tumor cells relative to the ubiquitously expressed POLR3GL. To date, the functional differences between these two subunits remain largely unexplored, especially in vivo. Here, we show that POLR3G and POLR3GL containing Pol III complexes bind the same target genes and assume the same functions both in vitro and in vivo and, to a significant degree, can compensate for each other in vivo. Notably, an observed defect in the differentiation ability of POLR3G knockout ESCs can be rescued by exogenous expression of POLR3GL. Moreover, whereas POLR3G knockout mice die at a very early embryonic stage, POLR3GL knockout mice complete embryonic development without noticeable defects but die at about 3 wk after birth with signs of both general growth defects and potential cerebellum-related neuronal defects. The different phenotypes of the knockout mice likely reflect differential expression levels of POLR3G and POLR3GL across developmental stages and between tissues and insufficient amounts of total Pol III in vivo.
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Lautré, Wiebke, Elodie Richard, Jean-Paul Feugeas, Hélène Dumay-Odelot, and Martin Teichmann. "The POLR3G Subunit of Human RNA Polymerase III Regulates Tumorigenesis and Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer." Cancers 14, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 5732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235732.

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RNA polymerase (Pol) III transcribes short untranslated RNAs that contribute to the regulation of gene expression. Two isoforms of human Pol III have been described that differ by the presence of the POLR3G/RPC32α or POLR3GL/RPC32β subunits. POLR3G was found to be expressed in embryonic stem cells and at least a subset of transformed cells, whereas POLR3GL shows a ubiquitous expression pattern. Here, we demonstrate that POLR3G is specifically overexpressed in clinical samples of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) but not in other molecular subtypes of breast cancer. POLR3G KO in the MDA-MB231 TNBC cell line dramatically reduces anchorage-independent growth and invasive capabilities in vitro. In addition, the POLR3G KO impairs tumor growth and metastasis formation of orthotopic xenografts in mice. Moreover, KO of POLR3G induces expression of the pioneer transcription factor FOXA1 and androgen receptor. In contrast, the POLR3G KO neither alters proliferation nor the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition marker genes. These data demonstrate that POLR3G expression is required for TNBC tumor growth, invasiveness and dissemination and that its deletion affects triple-negative breast cancer-specific gene expression.
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Malcolm, Jodie R., and Robert J. White. "Alternative isoforms of RNA polymerase III impact the non-coding RNA transcriptome, viability, proliferation and differentiation of prostate cancer cells." Journal of Translational Genetics and Genomics 6 (2022): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jtgg.2021.50.

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RNA polymerase III (pol III) synthesizes short noncoding RNA (ncRNA) exclusively and is unique in having alternative paralogues of one of its subunits, POLR3G and POLR3GL. Although most pol III target loci can be transcribed by either isoform, exceptions have been found. For example, depletion of POLR3G curtails the production of BC200 and snaR ncRNAs that are implicated in cancer progression. Furthermore, POLR3G may protect pol III against repression by MAF1, a key physiological regulator. Expression of POLR3G is promoted selectively by MYC, NANOG and OCT4A, master regulators of stem cell pluripotency, resulting in its preferential accumulation in undifferentiated cells. Indeed, differentiation of prostate cancer cells is suppressed by a positive feedback mechanism between POLR3G and NANOG, involving the control of NANOG mRNA degradation by ncRNAs. Specific knockdown of POLR3G inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of prostate cancer cells, but this response is not seen following comparable depletion of its POLR3GL paralogue. ML-60218 is a cell-permeable small molecule pol III inhibitor that triggers the replacement of POLR3G with POLR3GL. Proliferation and viability of primary prostate cancer cells are suppressed by ML-60218, whereas differentiation is induced, effects that mimic POLR3G depletion. Transient exposure to ML-60218 reduced tumour initiating activity in a xenograft model. Untransformed prostate cells are much less sensitive to these treatments, raising the possibility of therapeutic benefit.
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Renaud, M., V. Praz, E. Vieu, L. Florens, M. P. Washburn, P. l'Hote, and N. Hernandez. "Gene duplication and neofunctionalization: POLR3G and POLR3GL." Genome Research 24, no. 1 (October 9, 2013): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.161570.113.

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Cheng, Ruiying, Sihang Zhou, Rajendra K C, Simon Lizarazo, Leela Mouli, Anshita Jayanth, Qing Liu, and Kevin Van Bortle. "A Combinatorial Regulatory Platform Determines Expression of RNA Polymerase III Subunit RPC7α (POLR3G) in Cancer." Cancers 15, no. 20 (October 15, 2023): 4995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15204995.

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RNA polymerase III (Pol III) subunit RPC7α, which is encoded by POLR3G in humans, has been linked to both tumor growth and metastasis. Accordantly, high POLR3G expression is a negative prognostic factor in multiple cancer subtypes. To date, the mechanisms underlying POLR3G upregulation have remained poorly defined. We performed a large-scale genomic survey of mRNA and chromatin signatures to predict drivers of POLR3G expression in cancer. Our survey uncovers positive determinants of POLR3G expression, including a gene-internal super-enhancer bound with multiple transcription factors (TFs) that promote POLR3G expression, as well as negative determinants that include gene-internal DNA methylation, retinoic-acid induced differentiation, and MXD4-mediated disruption of POLR3G expression. We show that novel TFs identified in our survey, including ZNF131 and ZNF207, functionally enhance POLR3G expression, whereas MXD4 likely obstructs MYC-driven expression of POLR3G and other growth-related genes. Integration of chromatin architecture and gene regulatory signatures identifies additional factors, including histone demethylase KDM5B, as likely influencers of POLR3G gene activity. Taken together, our findings support a model in which POLR3G expression is determined with multiple factors and dynamic regulatory programs, expanding our understanding of the circuitry underlying POLR3G upregulation and downstream consequences in cancer.
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Liu, Xianhui, Weiyu Zhang, Huanrui Wang, Chin-Hui Lai, Kexin Xu, and Hao Hu. "Increased expression of POLR3G predicts poor prognosis in transitional cell carcinoma." PeerJ 8 (November 3, 2020): e10281. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10281.

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Background Previous studies have shown that RNA Polymerase III Subunit G (POLR3G) has oncogenic effects in cultured cells and mice. However, the role of POLR3G in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) has not been reported. This study explores the potential of POLR3G as a novel molecular marker for TCC. Methods The RNA sequencing data and clinical information of patients with TCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas official website. Transcriptome analysis was performed as implemented in the edgeR package to explore whether POLR3G was up-regulated in TCC tissues compared to normal bladder tissues. The expression of POLR3G in bladder cancer cell line T24 and human uroepithelial cell line SV-HUC-1 were detected via quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Correlations between POLR3G expression and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis H test. Clinicopathological characteristics associated with overall survival were explored using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analyses. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the associated gene sets enriched in different POLR3G expression phenotypes and the online tool Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER) was used to explore the correlation between POLR3G expression and tumor immune infiltration in TCC. Results Transcriptome analysis showed that POLR3G was significantly up-regulated in TCC tissues compared to normal bladder tissues. Furthermore, qRT-PCR revealed high expression of POLR3G in T24 cells compared to SV-HUC-1 cells. Overall, POLR3G expression was associated with race, tumor status, tumor subtype, T classification, and pathological stage. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that higher POLR3G expression was associated with lower overall survival. The univariate Cox regression model revealed that age at diagnosis, pathological stage, and POLR3G expression were associated with prognosis of TCC patients. Further multivariate analyses identified these three clinicopathological characteristics as independent prognostic factors for overall survival. GSEA analysis showed that several gene sets associated with tumor development and metastasis, including TGF-β signaling, PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling, and IL6-JAK-STAT3 signaling, were significantly enriched in POLR3G high expression phenotype. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that the expression of POLR3G was significantly correlated with infiltrating levels of immune cells, including CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells; and the expression of POLR3G was also significantly correlated with the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA4, LAG3, HAVCR2, and TIGIT. Conclusions POLR3G was up-regulated in TCC and high POLR3G expression correlated with poor prognosis. POLR3G can potentially be used as a prognostic marker for TCC and might be of great value in predicting the response to immunotherapy.
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Popovich, Sofia G., Lyudmila M. Kuzenkova, Olga B. Kondakova, Alexey I. Firumyants, Tatyana V. Podkletnova, and Eugeniya V. Uvakina. "A clinical case of POL3A-associated hypomyelinating leukodystrophy with spinal cord lesion with a debut in early childhood." L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46563/2686-8997-2022-3-3-122-126.

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Leukodystrophies are a group of hereditary progressive diseases of the central nervous system characterized by selective lesions in white matter with specific involvement of glial cells. There are hypomyelinating (absence of myelin deposition), demyelinating (loss of previously deposited myelin), dysmyelinating (deposition of structurally or biochemically abnormal myelin), and myelinolytic leukodystrophies (myelin vacuolization). Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HL), like most leukodystrophies, debut in childhood or adolescence and are characterized by a progressive course of the disease. HL occurs as a result of impaired synthesis of proteins responsible for the development, structure, and integrity of the myelin sheath, involved in the processes of transcription and translation. In the latter group, the main role is assigned to HL associated with biallelic mutations in the genes of the RNA polymerase III transcription complex, POLR3: POLR3A, POLR3B, POLR1C, and POLR3K. The diagnosis can be confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. POLR3A-associated HL is manifested by hypomyelination, hypodontia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The magnetic resonance features of POLR3-associated HL include diffuse hypomyelination with relative preservation of the dentate nuclei, anterolateral nuclei of the thalamus, globus pallidus, pyramidal tracts at the level of the posterior part of the internal capsules, and the corona radiata. In some cases, thinning of the corpus callosum and atrophy of the cerebellum were also noted. The article presents a clinical case of a patient with POL3A-associated HL with spinal cord injury with the debut in early childhood.
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Kang, Daeun, Chang Ryul Park, Minhyeok Lee, Su Yel Lee, Se Jin Park, Wan Jin Hwang, Gwan Woo Ku, et al. "Abstract 817: microRNA-26a-5p is a prognostic factor that regulates cancer stemness." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-817.

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Abstract Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) identified in lung cancer exhibit resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. Therefore, a technology to control of CSCs is needed to overcome such resistance to cancer therapy. Various evidences about the association between epithelial-mesenchymal transition related transcriptomic alteration and acquisition of CSC phenotype have been proposed recently. In our previous research, down-regulated miR-26a-5p is closely related to mesenchymal-like lung cancer cell lines. These findings suggest that miR-26a-5p might be involved in lung cancer stemness. Methods: RNA polymerase III subunit G (POLR3G) was selected as a candidate target of miR-26a-5p related to cancer stemness. its quantitative relationship was investigated by polymerase chain reaction, western blot after transfection of miR-26a-5p. luciferase assay were done for investigating the direct regulation of miR-26a-5p on POLR3G expression. After transfection of miR-26a-5p, colony formation assay and sphere formation assay were performed to evaluate the effect on cancer stemness. By treating cancer cell by miR-26a-5p and paclitaxel, cell viability was checked by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and Muse cell analyzer. Expression level of each gene and its impact on survival were revealed by the cancer genome atlas pancancer database. Results: miR-26a-5p regulated the expression of POLR3G directly. Overexpression of miR-26a-5p induced down regulation of POLR3G and a marked reduction of colony formation and sphere formation. Co-treatment of miR-26a-5p with paclitaxel decreased cell growth, suggesting that miR-26a-5p might play a role as a chemotherapy sensitizer. In the cancer genome atlas data, down-regulated miR-26a-5p and up-regulated POLR3G were shown compared to adjacent normal tissue. High miR-26a-5p and low POLR3G expression were also related to higher survival rate of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: Overexpression of miR-26a-5p can suppress lung cancer stemness and make cancer cell become sensitive to chemotherapy. This finding provides a novel insight into a potential lung cancer treatment by regulating stemness. Citation Format: Daeun Kang, Chang Ryul Park, Minhyeok Lee, Su Yel Lee, Se Jin Park, Wan Jin Hwang, Gwan Woo Ku, Seong Lan Yu, In Beom Jeong, Sun Jung Kwon, Jaeku Kang, Eung Bae Lee, Ji Woong Son. microRNA-26a-5p is a prognostic factor that regulates cancer stemness [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 817.
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Yang, Hui-Jun, Gyeongmin Park, Il Seong Nam-Goong, Jun-Woo Ahn, and Young Cheol Weon. "The First Korean Siblings With Adult-Onset 4H Leukodystrophy Related to Nonsynonymous POLR3B Mutations." Neurology Genetics 8, no. 3 (April 13, 2022): e667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxg.0000000000000667.

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Objectives4H leukodystrophy is a rare autosomal recessive hypomyelinating disorder characterized by several combinations of motor dysfunction, abnormal dentition, and ophthalmic and endocrine abnormalities. To date, only a single Korean case report of pediatric leukodystrophy caused by the POLR1C sequence variation has been published, while there are no reports on the POLR3B, POLR3A, or POLR3K variants.MethodsGenetic tests of Korean sibling pairs with primary amenorrhea due to normosmic isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and cognitive or behavioral symptoms were performed by whole-exome sequencing (WES). The WES results were validated by direct Sanger sequencing.ResultsWe identified biallelic variations in the POLR3B gene of p.Tyr685* and p.Tyr746Cys, which have not been associated with 4H leukodystrophy. Both sequence variants lie in the hybrid-binding domain of the protein RPC2. The protein structure analysis predicted that cysteine substitution of the phylogenetically conserved amino acid tyrosine can cause destabilization.DiscussionThe siblings reported are the first POLR3B-related hypomyelinating leukodystrophy cases in Korea. Our report expands the mutational spectrum of 4H leukodystrophy and suggests that it is mandatory to consider its diagnostic possibility in adult patients presenting with primary amenorrhea and mild cognitive or behavioral symptoms.
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Ahmed, Hakim Si, Ouardia Belarbi, Smail Daoudi, Pierre Labauge, Carra Dallier Clarisse, Schmitt Perrine, Sanchez Pauline, Séverine Drunate, and Hélène Cavé. "A new rare homozygous mutation in the POLR3A gene causes ataxo-spasmodic leukodystrophy." Romanian Journal of Neurology 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjn.2022.2.4.

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Polymerase III (Pol III) related leukodystrophy is a rare class of leukodystrophy, recently recognized affecting the nervous system and other body systems with typical clinical presentation and imaging results. The diagnosis is made by characteristic combination of clinical signs, brain magnetic resonance imaging results and the presence of pathogenic biallelic mutations in specific genes: POLR3A, POLR3B, POLR3C which encode the RNA polymerase III enzyme subunits. We present the case of a 32-year-old young man who presented with spastic ataxia due to a new rare mutation in the POLR3A gene, splicing variant c.3892-5C > T.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polr3g"

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Lata, Elisabeth. "L’isoforme embryonnaire de l’ARN polymérase III humaine : son rôle dans la transformation tumorale et l’établissement de métastases." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0168.

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L'ARN polymérase (Pol) III transcrit des petits ARN non-codants qui sont essentiels pour la cellule. Chez la plupart des vertébrés, il existe deux isoformes de la Pol III selon l’incorporation de la sous-unité RPC7α ou RPC7β. Alors que RPC7β est ubiquitaire, RPC7α est exprimée dans les cellules souches embryonnaires et certaines cellules tumorales. En particulier, RPC7α est surexprimée dans des échantillons cliniques et des lignées cellulaires de cancer du sein triple négatif (CSTN). La suppression de RPC7α dans la lignée CSTN MDA-MB-231 inhibe la croissance tumorale et la formation de métastases dans un modèle murin de xénogreffe. Cependant, les mécanismes moléculaires par lesquels la Pol IIIα régule la tumorigenèse et les métastases sont encore inconnus. Dans cette thèse, je montre que la suppression de RPC7α dans les cellules MDA-MB-231 modifie l'expression de plusieurs ARN messagers dont certains impliqués dans la régulation du cancer et de l’expression des gènes. L’analyse de la localisation de RPC7α indique qu’en plus de son occupation de gènes Pol III, elle est également colocalisée sur des gènes codants avec la Pol II. Ces gènes sont parmi les plus exprimés dans les cellules MDA-MB-231 et sont impliqués dans des mécanismes importants pour les tumeurs et les métastases tels que la traduction et l’interaction des cellules avec la matrice extracellulaire. Contrairement à RPC7α, RPC7β est seulement localisée sur des gènes Pol III. Ainsi, ces résultats suggèrent que RPC7α agit avec la Pol II directement au niveau de gènes codants, peut-être pour favoriser leur expression, ce qui expliquerait son rôle important dans la croissance tumorale et la génération de métastases dans le CSTN
RNA polymerase (Pol) III transcribes small non coding RNAs that are essential for the cell. There are two Pol III isoforms containing either RPC7α or RPC7β subunit. RPC7β is ubiquitously expressed whereas RPC7α is only expressed in embryonic stem cells and some tumor cells. Particularly, RPC7α is overexpressed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) clinical samples and cell lines. RPC7α deletion in the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 reduces tumor growth and metastases formation in a xenograft mouse model. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Pol IIIα regulates tumorigenesis and metastasis are still unknown. In this thesis, I show that the suppression of RPC7α in MDA-MB-231 cells alters the expression of several messenger RNAs, some of which are involved in the regulation of cancer and gene expression. Analysis of RPC7α localization indicates that, in addition to occupying Pol III genes, RPC7α also colocalizes with Pol II on coding genes. These genes are among the most highly expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells and are involved in important mechanisms for tumors and metastasis such as translation and cell interaction with the extracellular matrix. Unlike RPC7α, RPC7β is only localized on Pol III genes. Thus, these results suggest that RPC7α acts directly with Pol II on coding genes, possibly to promote their expression, which would explain its important role in tumor growth and metastasis generation in TNBC
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Morais, Rui Pedro da Silva. "Poling em fibras ópticas." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9747.

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Morais, Rui Pedro da Silva. "Poling em fibras ópticas." Dissertação, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9747.

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FRANCO, CAROLINE SOUSA. "GLASS ELECTROTHERMAL POLING AND CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5435@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
ERICSSON DO BRASIL
É possível criar uma não-linearidade de segunda ordem em amostras de sílica a partir do processo de polarização. Essas amostras vítreas com o X(2) induzido potencialmente podem ser utilizadas na fabricação de componentes como moduladores ópticos e dobradores de freqüência. O processo de polarização eletrotérmica utiliza alta tensão e alta temperatura e forma uma região de depleção de íons (camada de depleção) onde um campo elétrico intenso é gravado de forma permanente dentro da amostra. Neste trabalho, foram utilizadas diferentes técnicas de caracterização para medir a extensão dessa camada e os resultados foram comparados. As técnicas escolhidas foram: Ataque Químico Interferométrico (com ácido fluorídrico), Maker Fringe, Microscopia Óptica e de Força Atômica e Ataque Interferométrico com Medida de Segundo Harmônico em Tempo Real. Além disso, foram feitos alguns estudos paralelos visando à otimização e a reprodutibilidade do processo de polarização. Foram realizadas dessa forma análises sobre o material dos eletrodos utilizados e sobre a influência da condição inicial da superfície da amostra antes da polarização.
It is possible to create a second order non linearity in silica samples with the poling process. The glass samples with an induced X(2) have a potential application on the fabrication of optical devices such as modulators and frequency converters. In the electrothermal poling process, high voltage and high temperature are applied to the samples forming an ion depleted region (depletion layer), where an intense electric field is permanently recorded. In this work, several characterization techniques have been utilized to measure the width of the depletion layer and compared the obtained results. The chosen techniques were: Interferometric Etching, Maker Fringe, Optical and Atomic Force Microscopy and the Interferometric Etching with Real Time Second Harmonic Measurement. In addition to this, we performed other studies aiming the optimization and reproducibility of the poling process. In this way, we analyzed the material used for the electrodes and the influence of the initial condition of the sample surface before poling.
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ROJAS, GLADYS ADRIANA QUINTERO. "GLASS AND OPTICAL FIBER ELECTROTHERMAL POLING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7862@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Componentes ópticos para sistemas de telecomunicações estão em crescente demanda. Para aumentar a eficiência destes componentes, reduzir os custos e permitir a integração aos sistemas atuais, tem-se incentivado a pesquisa de novos materiais, como, por exemplo, a sílica fundida. Geralmente, a sílica fundida, por ser um meio isotrópico, não exibe efeitos não lineares de segunda ordem como o efeito eletro-óptico, que pode ser utilizado na fabricação de chaves e moduladores ópticos. No entanto, pode-se induzir na sílica uma não linearidade de segunda ordem (c(2)) da ordem de 1 pm/V através da técnica de polarização eletrotérmica. Observa-se a formação de uma camada depletada de íons e um campo elétrico muito intenso permanentemente gravado em sílica polarizada. A caracterização experimental desta camada de depleção, ou seja, espessura, perfil e magnitude do c(2) induzido, é importante para a compreensão do processo físico que ocorre durante a polarização. Podem ser encontrados na literatura resultados muito divergentes obtidos com diferentes técnicas de caracterização. Não se sabe se esta divergência é devida aos diferentes métodos usados, ou a diferentes condições de polarização e tipos de amostras. Nesta tese, fez-se uma comparação entre quatro técnicas de caracterização da espessura da camada de depleção em sílica polarizada: ataque químico interferométrico com ácido fluorídrico, Maker Fringe, microscopia óptica e de força atômica, e ataque interferométrico com medida de segundo harmônico em tempo real. A estabilidade da não linearidade induzida é importante para garantir a estabilidade de chaves e moduladores ópticos construídos com sílica polarizada, portanto, fez-se também um estudo de apagamento por temperatura da não linearidade induzida em amostras de sílica polarizada. Foi também estudado nesta tese a influência da superfície da amostra antes da polarização, fator importante para a otimização da reprodutibilidade do processo. Para investigar a potencialidade do desenvolvimento de um Atenuador Óptico Variável (VOA) a fibra óptica, também foi feito um estudo de polarização eletrotérmica em fibras ópticas. Estudos complementares foram realizados envolvendo a influência do campo elétrico na taxa de ataque de ácido fluorídrico em fibras ópticas. Fez-se também um estudo sobre redes de Bragg gravadas em fibras especiais. Parte desta tese foi financiada pelo CNPq (bolsa doutorado), pelo Convênio Ericsson/PUC-Rio - Termo Aditivo 04 e 14, ref: PUC.04, Polarização de fibras ópticas, e pelo Projeto GIGA - Finep - Funttel - CPqD, Subprojeto Atenuador Óptico Variável a Fibra Óptica.
Over the past few years, there has been a growing demand for optical components for telecommunication systems. In order to increase the efficiency of these components, reduce costs and allow integration to current systems, efforts have been made in researching new materials, for example, silica. Due to its isotropic nature, silica, ordinarily, does not present second order effects, for example, the electro-optic effect, which can be used for optical switching and modulation. However, eletrothermal poling can be used to induce in silica a second order nonlinearity (c(2)) of the order of 1 pm/V. It can be observed that poled silica has an ion-depleted layer and a permanently recorded electric field. The experimental characterization of this depletion layer, i.e. width, profile and magnitude of the induced c(2), is important for the comprehension of the physical process occurring during polarization. Different results obtained with different characterization techniques can be found in literature. It is not known whether diverging results in literature are due to different methods of examination or due to different poling conditions and sample type. This thesis compares the findings of four experimental techniques used to monitor the width of the depletion region in fused silica samples poled under similar conditions - hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching, Maker Fringe, optical and atomic force microscope, and hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching with real time monitoring of the SH signal. The stability of the induced nonlinearity is important to guarantee the stability of optical switches and modulators built with poled silica; therefore, thermal annealing of the induced nonlinearity in poled silica is also investigated in this thesis. The influence of the sample surface before poling, an important factor in reproducibility, is also investigated in this thesis. In order to investigate the possibility of developing an optical fiber Variable Optical Attenuator (VOA), optical fiber electrothermal poling was also investigated. Additionally, studies of the influence of the electric field strength on HF etching rate were made, as well as recording of Bragg gratings on special fibers. This thesis has been partially funded by CNPq (Doctorate scholarship), by Ericsson/PUC-Rio Accord - Additive term 04 e 14, ref: PUC.04, Poling of Optical Fiber, and by GIGA - Finep - Funttel - CPqD Project, Variable Optical Attenuator Subproject.
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Kianirad, Hoda. "Contact poling of RKTP with silicon needles." Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-120593.

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Sagen, Gard Olve. "Effect of resistance on performance in double poling." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for nevromedisin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25605.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate what effect resistance would have on performance in double poling, with focus on power output, physiological responses and myoelectric activation. 6 elite male cross country skiers were exposed to simulated double poling in a Concept II Ski Ergometer at two different resistances, respectively low and high. The major findings were that power output significantly increased with the higher resistance, as well as work per cycle. These findings are previously shown in earlier research. Cycle rate remained unchanged, while stroke time increased. Earlier studies have confirmed that stroke time increase at added resistance or incline, to utilize a longer period of the cycle time to produce the required force to overcome the resistance or incline. Gross efficiency did not differ between the resistances, and no significant changes in electromyography activity were present. The increase in power output and work per cycle was therefore not attributed to an increased muscle activity. The main findings in this study are therefore inconclusive, and the increase in power output and work per cycle could be caused by other factors, such as muscle coordination and timing or changes in technical execution.
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Brennand, André Luiz Ribeiro. "Thermal poling of multioxide silicate glasses and ion-exchanged waveguides." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/15487/.

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This Thesis reports a theoretical and experimental study of thermal poling of glasses in which a second order optical nonlinearity is introduced into the glass by applying a potential across the glass at elevated temperature. Thermal poling is the most reported and reproducible procedure for the introduction of the nonlinear susceptibility of 2nd order, c(2), in glasses. The attainment of c(2) of the order of 1pm/V has been reported in a wide range of silica based glasses including glasses suitable for ion exchange, UV-writing and rare earth doping. Effective c(2) of 0.1 pm/V has been demonstrated in poled channel waveguides in silica indicating a poor overlap between c(2) and the waveguide modes. These reported values of c(2) must be increased at least one order of magnitude for glasses and two orders of magnitude for waveguides for practical use. Therefore a good understanding of the poling mechanism which was unclear at the beginning of this work was required for poling optimisation. In this Thesis a poling model based on electrostatics and ion transport theory is developed yielding a method for the evaluation of glasses for poling. A new technique for simultaneous poling and waveguide fabrication by differential ionic drift in glasses that contains more than one mobile ion is demonstrated and poling of K+ ion-exchanged waveguides is achieved. c(2) of the order of 1 pm/V was verified in poled soda lime glass and in found in poled potassium ion-exchanged soda lime glass. A poling time for multioxide glasses some 5 times shorter and minimum temperature 50oC lower than reported in the literature was achieved with constant-current thermal poling in vacuum. A procedure to evaluate the average value, thickness and the location of the c(2) region is established. This study provides an improved understanding of the poling mechanism and may contribute to the achievement of higher c(2) in poled glasses and poled waveguides in glasses.
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Zukauskas, Andrius. "QPM Devices in KTA and RKTP." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Laserfysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-139475.

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Even though KTiOPO4 (KTP) is considered to be one of the best nonlinear materials for quasi phase matched (QPM) frequency conversion in the visible and the near-infrared spectral regions, its use is often limited by poor material homogeneity, high ionic conductivity, a considerable linear absorption and photochromatic damage. On the other hand, the improved material homogeneity and the lower ionic conductivity of bulk Rb-doped KTP (RKTP) make this material an ideal alternative for fabrication of fine-pitch QPM gratings, while the arsenate isomorph KTiOAsO4 (KTA) promises a better performance in the green spectral region and adds the advantage of a wider transparency window in the infrared. Unfortunately, the available studies on these materials are limited and unable to answer the question whether RKTP and KTA are feasible alternatives to KTP in terms of periodic poling and optical performance. The optical performance of the QPM devices depends on the periodic poling quality, therefore, a detailed comprehension of domain-grating formation in the KTP isomorphs is highly desired. The goals of this thesis were to gain a better understanding of the periodic poling process in the KTP isomorphs, in order to study the specifics of ferroelectric domain engineering in KTA and RKTP, and to evaluate the optical performance of these isomorphs. Fine-pitch periodically poled structures were engineered both in KTA and RKTP crystals. It was demonstrated that QPM gratings with excellent quality and with periods as short as 8.49 μm can be fabricated in KTA crystals. Comparative transmission studies have shown that periodically poled KTA (PPKTA) crystals can be superior to KTP for QPM second harmonic generation in the visible spectral region due to lower linear absorption. It was also demonstrated that RKTP is a superior alternative to KTP for high-quality QPM grating fabrication. A consistent room-temperature periodic poling of 5 mm thick RKTP crystals with a period of 38.86 μm has been achieved. The obtained large aperture periodically poled RKTP (PPRKTP) crystals showed an outstanding QPM grating uniformity and excellent optical performance in optical parametric oscillator (OPO) applications. Moreover, it was shown that RKTP is less susceptible to blue-induced infrared absorption than KTP. Finally, a novel and a relatively simple method for self-assembling quasi-periodic sub-μm scale ferroelectric domain structure in RKTP crystals has been presented. It was shown that, after treatment in aqueous KOH/KNO3 solution, periodic poling of RKTP with planar electrodes resulted in one-dimensional ferroelectric domain structure with an average periodicity of 650±200 nm, extending over the whole 1 mm thick crystal. Such self-assembled structures in RKTP were used to demonstrate 5th order non-collinear QPM backward second harmonic generation.

QC 20140114

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Laplante, Philippe. "Poling thermique sur lame de silice : sous haute température et tension." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24638/24638.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Polr3g"

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H, Djunaidi Maskat. Kepemimpinan efektif di lingkungan Polri: Pada tingkat Mabes, Polda, Polwil, Polres, dan Polsek. 5th ed. Bandung: Sibaya, 1997.

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1940-, Kunarto, ed. POLRI mandiri. Jakarta: Cipta Manunggal, 1999.

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Yingsong, Zheng, ed. Bai nian Poling Cun. Beijing Shi: She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she, 2007.

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Indonesia, Partnership for Governance Reform in. Polri dan KKN. Jakarta]: Kemitraan Partnership, 2004.

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Sulistyo, Hermawan. Derap langkah Polri. Jakarta: Pensil-234, 2010.

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Kunarto. Perilaku organisasi POLRI. 2nd ed. Jakarta: Cipta Manunggal, 2001.

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Indonesia. Kepolisian. Badan Pembinaan Keamanan. Profil Babinkam Polri. Jakarta]: Babinkam, 2010.

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Kunarto. HAM dan POLRI. Jakarta: Cipta Manunggal, 1997.

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Muhammad, Farouk. Menuju reformasi Polri. Jakarta: PTIK Press, 2003.

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Hendrowinoto, Nurinwa Ki S. Polri mengisi republik. Jakarta: PTIK, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polr3g"

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Pratzel, Helmut G. "Medikament und Polung." In Iontophorese, 18–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73103-7_6.

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Charra, F., C. Fiorini, F. Kajzar, J. M. Nunzi, P. Raimond, and W. Chalupczak. "All Optical Poling of Polymers." In Photoactive Organic Materials, 513–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2622-1_36.

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Zhu, He, Gustavo Petri, and Suresh Jagannathan. "Poling: SMT Aided Linearizability Proofs." In Computer Aided Verification, 3–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21668-3_1.

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Chou, Chih-P’ing. "Chang Poling: A Biographical Tribute." In English Writings of Hu Shih, 157–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31184-0_23.

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Lehmann, Jannis. "Poling of Artificial Magneto-Toroidal Crystals." In Toroidal Order in Magnetic Metamaterials, 113–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85495-9_6.

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Brugman, Claudia. "Polysemy." In Handbook of Pragmatics, 1–26. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.3.pol3.

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Willand, C. S., S. E. Feth, M. Scozzafava, D. J. Williams, G. D. Green, J. I. Weinschenk, H. K. Hall, and J. E. Mulvaney. "Electric-Field Poling of Nonlinear Optical Polymers." In Nonlinear Optical and Electroactive Polymers, 107–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0953-6_5.

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Hoffman, Robert C., Timothy M. Pritchett, Joshua A. Orlicki, Joseph M. Dougherty, Robert H. Lambeth, Adam M. Rawlett, Warren N. Herman, and Dong Hun Park. "High-Voltage Poling of Bulk Guest-Host Polymers." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications, 97–109. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2010-1039.ch007.

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van der Vorst, C. P. J. M., and S. J. Picken. "Electric Field Poling of Nonlinear Optical Side Chain Polymers." In Polymers as Electrooptical and Photooptical Active Media, 173–211. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79861-0_5.

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Zieliński, J. B., A. Łyszkowicz, L. Jaworski, A. Śwrątek, R. Zdunek, and S. Gelo. "Polref-96 the New Geodetic Reference Frame for Poland." In Advances in Positioning and Reference Frames, 161–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03714-0_25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polr3g"

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Michell-Robinson, Mackenzie A., Kristin E. N. Watt, Vladimir Grouza, Julia Macintosh, Maxime Pinard, Marius Tuznik, Xiaoru Chen, et al. "Pdgfrα-dependent Polr3b Exon Loss Recapitulates POLR3-related Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophy Phenotypes in vivo (S2.004)." In 2023 Annual Meeting Abstracts. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000203554.

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De Lucia, S., F. Renaldo, K. Boussaid, A. Roubertie, A. Ntorku, S. Samaan, I. Kraoua, D. Rodriguez, and O. Boespflug-Tanguy. "Natural History in Leukodystrophies Related to POLR3A and POLR3B Mutations: A Multicentric Survey of 21 Pediatric Cases." In Abstracts of the 47th Annual Meeting of the SENP (Société Européenne De Neurologie Pédiatrique). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685424.

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Pacheco, Laura Pesantez, and Mark Hallett. "Late-onset POLR3-related Leukodystrophy: report of a novel compound heterozygous mutation in the POLR3A gene and review of the phenotype (P13-11.006)." In 2023 Annual Meeting Abstracts. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000202228.

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Xu, Wei, Paul Blazkiewicz, Simon Fleming, and Albert Canagasabey. "Fibre Poling." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgpp.2001.bfc1.

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Kazansky, Peter G., and Valerio Pruneri. "Fundamentals of Glass Poling: From Self-Organization to Electric-Field Poling." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.btuc.6.

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One decade has passed since the discovery of self-organized (photoinduced quasi-phase-matched) second-harmonic generation (SHG) in optical fibers [1-2]. This discovery has attracted considerable interest world-wide [3-16] due to the unusually strong χ(2) (second-order susceptibility) gratings induced purely by optical fields in glass (10−15-10−16 m/V, which were 4-5 orders of magnitude higher than one could explain by known physical processes). In 1991 the value of χ(2) has been increased to a new level of 1 pm/V by thermal poling [26]. In this paper we discuss fundamentals of glass poling, trying to answer the question: What is the limit of a second-order nonlinearity in glass?
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Molau, N. E., and A. Knoesen. "In situ electric field measurements during corona poling of second-order nonlinear polymers." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.fq5.

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The large magnitude of second-order nonlinearities routinely obtained by the corona poling technique can contribute to a large electric poling field. However, because of the nature of the corona poling process, measurement of the electric field during corona poling is difficult. The electric field is a fundamental property that influences the poling of nonlinear polymers. An understanding of how the electric field in a nonlinear polymeric film is affected when parameters such as temperature and poling current are varied can be used to optimize the poling processing conditions. An optimum poling procedure is required that maximizes the orientational order and nonlinear stability, while minimizing optical losses. Results are reported of a study of an experimental technique that can be used to perform an in situ measurement of the electric field in a nonlinear polymeric film during corona poling.
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Wan, Shan, and Keith J. Bowman. "Texture Evolution Induced by Electric Field in Piezoelectric Ceramics." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1721.

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Abstract Piezoelectricity is strongly dependent on the preferred domain orientation. A fiber-like texture of a Navy VI Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) piezoelectric ceramic can be induced by electric poling. This texture can be further changed and strengthened by cross-poling, that is, applying a strong electrical field perpendicular to the original poling direction. In this paper we show preferred domain orientation changes and anisotropy transitions associated with poling and cross-poling in PZT piezoelectric ceramic. The poling and cross-poling induced textures can be explained by three-dimensional orientation dependent domain switching. Based on this discussion, we demonstrate that it is possible to tailor the preferred domain orientation distribution and improve anisotropic properties of piezoelectric ceramics by directional control of the 90° domain switching using cross-poling.
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Fleming, Simon, and Honglin An. "Advances in Poling Silica." In 2007 the Joint International Conference on Optical Internet (COIN) and Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coinacoft.2007.4519093.

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Cudney, R. S., and M. Kaczmarek. "Optical poling in Rh:BaTiO3." In Photorefractive Effects, Materials, and Devices. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pemd.2001.485.

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Ploss, Beatris, Bernd Ploss, F. G. Shin, H. L. W. Chan, and C. L. Choy. "Poling of ferroelectric composites." In 10th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 10) Proceedings. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ise.1999.832091.

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Reports on the topic "Polr3g"

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Flusche, Brian M., and Franz Haas. Polymer Modulator Contact Poling Guide. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada427770.

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Takase, Y., J. I. Scheinbeim, and B. A. Newman. Discharge Poling and Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Films. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada236810.

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Jamieson, E. E. Ultrasonic Imaging for Poling Uniformity Measurements in PZT Ceramic Elements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/752079.

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Investigation of poling processor, charge trapping and preservation - some ferroelectric and polymeric material. Final report, July 1, 1984--June 20, 1990. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/542013.

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