Journal articles on the topic 'Pollution Taboos'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Pollution Taboos.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Pollution Taboos.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Kekes, John. "Disgust and Moral Taboos." Philosophy 67, no. 262 (October 1992): 431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003181910004064x.
Full textAbstract:
Disgust is not a pleasant subject. It is perhaps partly for this reason that it has not been much discussed in philosophical literature, or, indeed anywhere else. Disgust has considerable moral significance however, and appreciating its significance will illuminate the present state of our morality. One may be led to this view by reflecting on several recent works on pollution. The pollution in question, of course, is not of the air, soil, or water, but that of people who have violated moral taboos of their society'.
2
Madi, Elisa, and Alpina Begossi. "Pollution and Food Taboos: A Practical Reason ?" Journal of Human Ecology 8, no. 6 (November 1997): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.1997.11907309.
Full text
3
Bhurekeni, John. "Enacting Environmental Ethics Education for Wildlife Conservation using an Afrophilic ‘Philosophy for Children’ approach." Southern African Journal of Environmental Education 38, no. 1 (October 31, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajee.v38i1.02.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental Ethics Education has in recent years emerged as a critical tool for wildlife conservation research. Despite this, Environmental Ethics Education is paradoxically predominated by traditional forms of western science such as the concept of the Anthropocene which appears to exclude aspects of African life-worlds where the natural environment is considered a heritage component and is linked to onto-ethical understandings of human existence. The purpose of this study is to explore how African heritage-based knowledges and practices are understood by children who identify and understand the relevance of their totems and taboos associated with them, in relation to wildlife conservation. The study from which this paper is derived utilised formative interventionist methodology complemented by a multi-voiced decolonial approach to explore whether children-participants aged 8 to 11 years understand the purposes of their totems and associated taboos. To achieve this I used an Afrophilic Philosophy for Children pedagogical approach, which foregrounds dialogical learning and development of critical reflexive thinking skills. Emerging findings indicated that children associated their totems and connected taboos as tools for protection against environmental pollution and for minimising resource over-extraction. Findings further demonstrated improved learner agency and development of ethical reasoning among children. As participants’ respect for environmental conservation and sustainability was informed by the significance placed on their totems, I recommend the need for schools to develop generativecurricula that take seriously context-based solutions to environmental problems. Future research should also consider understanding environmental conservation issues from a context-based perspective, which can inform existing heritage practices and pedagogies.Keywords: Environmental Ethics Education, Afrophilic Philosophy for Children, ethical reasoning, heritage-knowledges
4
Gurrieri, Lauren, Jan Brace-Govan, and Helene Cherrier. "Controversial advertising: transgressing the taboo of gender-based violence." European Journal of Marketing 50, no. 7/8 (July 11, 2016): 1448–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-09-2014-0597.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose To date, the cultural and societal effects of controversial advertising have been insufficiently considered. This study aims to investigate how advertising that uses violent representations of women transgresses the taboo of gender-based violence. Design/methodology/approach This study encompasses a visual analysis of the subject positions of women in five violent advertising representations and a critical discourse analysis of the defensive statements provided by the client organisations subsequent to the public outrage generated by the campaigns. Findings The authors identify taboo transgression in the Tease, Piece of Meat and Conquered subject positions, wherein women are represented as suggestive, dehumanised and submissive. Client organisations seek to defend these taboo transgressions through the use of three discursive strategies – subverting interpretations, making authority claims and denying responsibility – which legitimise the control of the organisations but simultaneously work to obscure the power relations at play. Practical implications The representational authority that advertisers hold as cultural intermediaries in society highlights the need for greater consideration of the ethical responsibilities in producing controversial advertisements, especially those which undermine the status of women. Social implications Controversial advertising that transgresses the taboo of violence against women reinforces gender norms and promotes ambiguous and adverse understandings of women’s subjectivities by introducing pollution and disorder to gender politics. Originality/value This paper critically assesses the societal implications of controversial advertising practices, thus moving away from the extant focus on managerial implications. Through a conceptualisation of controversial advertising as transgressing taboo boundaries, the authors highlight how advertising plays an important role in shifting these boundaries whereby taboos come to be understood as generative and evolving. However, this carries moral implications which may have damaging societal effects.
5
Makaudze, Godwin. "TEACHER, BOOK AND COMPANION: THE ENVIRONMENT IN SHONA CHILDREN’S LITERATURE." Commonwealth Youth and Development 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/1150.
Full textAbstract:
Contemporary society has had running battles with citizens, trying to force them to be aware and appreciative of the importance of relating well with, and also safeguarding the environment. Modern ways of child socialisation seem in mentoring youngsters about the being, nature and significance of the environment (both natural and social) in life. Today, society it has largely become the duty of non-governmental organisations and law enforcement agents to educate and safeguard against the abuse of the social environment and the degradation, pollution and extinction of crucial facets of the natural environment. Using the Afrocentricity theory, the article explicates the position of the environment in Shona children’s oral literature (folktales, songs, riddles and taboos), showing that it was presented, viewed and taken as a teacher, book and close companion whose welfare was to be guarded jealously. The article advocates the adoption and adaptation of African ways of child socialisation, which subtly but effectively build a positive and healthy relationship between people and their environment.
6
Chapman, Margaret D. "Environmental Influences on the Development of Traditional Conservation in the South Pacific Region." Environmental Conservation 12, no. 3 (1985): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900015952.
Full textAbstract:
There is an urgent need for improved understanding of conservation attitudes in the Third World because of the increasing rate of resource depletion that is now occurring in the countries involved. Although conservation practices by traditional societies in the Third World have received much attention from research workers, the fact that some practices are intentional and others inadvertent has been largely ignored. However, it is the motivation for these intentional conservation measures and the environmental influences on the people who apply them, which is crucial to understanding variations in conservation behaviour among traditional societies.Traditional conservation in the South Pacific was based on a complex system of resource-use taboos which prevented overexploitation in the limited island environment. These taboos contributed to the achievement during pre- European times of what appears from historical accounts to have been a state of relative equilibrium between island populations and their resources.Predictability and extremeness are two environmental factors which are thought to affect the development of conservational behaviour. Both these factors were examined in the light of traditional conservation in the South Pacific. Droughts and hurricanes are the two main sources of environmental unpredictability in the South Pacific, although the islands vary considerably in the degree to which they are affected by them. It was concluded that a distinction between real and perceived environmental predictability was necessary before one could fully understand the influence of predictability upon the development of conservational behaviour in the South Pacific.
7
Rossi, Stefano. "Female Onanism: Condemned Pleasures, Medical Probes, and Late-Victorian Pornography." Victoriographies 11, no. 2 (July 2021): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/vic.2021.0420.
Full textAbstract:
The more Victorian physicians deepened their research into female sexuality, the more a culture of lust infected the hypocritical façade of a nation strictly attached to social norms of order, formality, and bigotry. Lascivious sexual desire and carnal appetite – here embodied in female masturbation – were taboos that had to be forcibly silenced. Yet, late-Victorian pornography mocked medical discourses on female onanism, as well as fears related to female sexuality, and revealed ‘unspeakable’ secret domestic settings marred by ‘dangerous’ practices, scandalous carnality and deviant desires. Furthermore, contemptuous of literary censorship and strict morality, the plenteous erotic literature, represented here by William Lazenby's pornographic magazine The Pearl, not only dared to taunt physicians’ concerns about female ‘self-pollution’ circulating at that time, but also found a great inspiration in the huge domestic success of some innovative medical tools – specifically patented to assuage women's nerves – being produced in those years: electric vibrators. Those ‘engines’ rapidly invaded pornographic literature of the late nineteenth century and became central to a great number of erotic stories, titillating fables and poems, as clearly demonstrated by the contents of The Pearl.
8
Roy, Anjali Gera. "Black beats with a Punjabi twist." Popular Music 32, no. 2 (May 2013): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143013000111.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe bonding between black and brown immigrants in Britain has resulted in the emergence of a new musical genre called Bhangra, which hybridises Punjabi dhol rhythms with those of reggae, rap and hip hop. Bhangra's appropriation of Black sounds that are considered ‘Kool’ in the West has not only given Asian youth a new, distinctive voice in the form of ‘Asian dance music’ but has also led to the reinvention of Punjabi folk tradition in consonance with the lived realities of multicultural Britain. This essay examines various aspects of sonic hybridisation in ‘the diaspora space’ by British Asian music producers through tracing the history of Bhangra's ‘douglarisation’, beginning in the 1990s with Apache Indian's experiments with reggae. It covers all forms of mixings that came in between, including active collaborations, rappings, remixings, samplings and so on that made Punjabi and Jamaican patois dialogue in the global popular cultural space. The essay explores the possibilities of a ‘douglas poetics’ for Bhangra by juxtaposing the celebration of sonic douglarisation in postmodern narratives of migrancy and hybridity against the stigmatisation of biological douglarisation in miscegenation theories and ancient Indian pollution taboos.
9
Khotimah, Khusnul, Kisyani Laksono, and Suhartono Suhartono. "Patterns of Dysphemism of COVID-19 News in Indonesian Mass Media: Critical Eco-Discourse Analysis." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 5, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v5i4.1015.
Full textAbstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the use of specialized terminology that is either new or beyond the lexical limits of its general usage. The mass media use various language tools to package constructive and destructive ideologies related to the environment, such as euphemisms and dysphemisms. This study discusses the patterns of dysphemism and the effect of using dysphemism in reporting on COVID-19 by the Indonesian mass media. This qualitative descriptive study utilized data collected from several Indonesian online media. Distributional and equivalent techniques were used for data analysis. The results showed that the Indonesian mass media applied four types of dysphemism expression units to report COVID-19, i.e., words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. These dysphemisms generally refer to humans, plants, animals, soil, toxic materials, trash and waste, pollution, destruction of nature, and taboos. In addition, the feelings contained in dysphemism are creepy, awful, disgusting, reinforcing, and disrespectful. There are several reasons for using dysphemism, namely: (a) attracting the reader's attention, (b) confirming speech or strengthening meaning, (c) word variations, (d) provocation, and (e) saving space. Some of the impacts of using dysphemism in society are rude language patterns, irritability, disturbed psychology, and blurred understanding.
10
Morrison, Joanna, Machhindra Basnet, Anju Bhatt, Sangeeta Khimbanjar, Sandhya Chaulagain, Nepali Sah, Sushil Baral, Therese Mahon, and Marian Hodgkin. "Girls’ Menstrual Management in Five Districts of Nepal: Implications for Policy and Practice." Studies in Social Justice 12, no. 2 (December 29, 2018): 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v12i2.1623.
Full textAbstract:
Discriminatory practices related to menstruation affect the social, mental and physical wellbeing of girls in many low-and middle-income countries. We conducted mixed methods research in five districts of Nepal to explore how menstruation affected girls’ ability to fully participate in school and community life. We conducted 860 structured interviews, 26 group interviews and 10 focus group discussions with schoolgirls in rural areas,14 semi-structured interviews with girls’ mothers, and 10 interviews with health teachers. Girls in all districts experienced social, material and information barriers to confident menstrual management. Menstrual blood was believed to carry diseases, and girls’ movement was restricted to contain ritual pollution and protect them from illness, spirit possession, and sexual experiences. Taboos prevented girls from worshipping in temples or in their home, and some girls were not allowed to enter the kitchen, or sleep in their home while menstruating. Teachers and parents felt unprepared to answer questions about menstruation and focused on the maintenance of restrictions. Teachers and students were embarrassed discussing menstruation in school and classes were not question-driven or skills-based. Gender disaggregated teaching of menstruation and engagement of health facility staff may have positive effects. Community participatory approaches that engage girls, their families and the wider community are necessary to address harmful cultural practices. Cross-sectoral approaches to provide clean, private, safe spaces for girls and increased availability of preferred materials could enable confident menstrual management.
11
Akpabio, Emmanuel M. "Water meanings, sanitation practices and hygiene behaviours in the cultural mirror: a perspective from Nigeria." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 168–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2012.073.
Full textAbstract:
This paper focuses on water meanings, sanitation practices and hygiene behaviours from a cultural perspective in southern Nigeria. Attention was directed on how cultural understanding of water influences sanitation practices as well as the challenges such a relationship poses on public health and sanitation programmes in rural Nigeria. A wide range of meanings, beliefs, values and taboos surrounded local notions and ideas of water and sanitation which were noted to determine available responsive practices and norms. Socio-economic characteristics, physical location and cultural factors were used in explaining the degrees, scale and impact of observed practices and norms across space and time. The paper argues that it will make more practical sense if water and sanitation problems are addressed within the cultural foundation, to understand the realities of local circumstances of beliefs and values, than applying the logic of pure science. This is very important in designing interventions to reduce risks in deeply cultural communities.
12
Wasonga, Job, Mark Okowa, and Felix Kioli. "Sociocultural Determinants to Adoption of Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Practices in Nyakach, Kisumu County, Kenya: A Descriptive Qualitative Study." Journal of Anthropology 2016 (December 8, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7434328.
Full textAbstract:
Provision of safe water, adequate sanitation, and hygiene has been lauded as one way of preventing diarrheal infections and improving health especially in developing countries. However, lack of safe water, inadequate sanitation, and poor hygiene practices in most parts of rural Kenya have posed a challenge that exposes the populace to diarrhea cases and possible deaths. In this regard, many nongovernmental organizations and governmental agencies have tried to provide water, sanitation, and hygiene services with poor results. This study was conducted using qualitative research methods in Central Nyakach in Kisumu County, Kenya. The methods were focus group discussions (FGD), key informant interviews (KII), and observation of homesteads. The data were then analyzed thematically. Findings revealed that water issues are gendered and its use is socially and culturally categorized. Water storage is affected by traditions such as use of a clay pot, while sanitation and hygiene issues are ritualized and bound by taboos. Latrines are majorly constructed by men and sharing the same with in-laws and older children is prohibited. Children faeces are thrown out in the open fields as a means of disposal and hand washing with soap is nonexistent, since it is believed that doing so would make a person lose the ability to rear livestock. The implications of these findings are that some of these sociocultural practices have a profound effect on health of the population. This affects health care delivery through high incidence rates of disease, encourages “unhealthy” environments through open defecation and pollution, and negates the government’s commitment to national and international policies on universal health care provision.
13
SHEPPARD, DONNA J., AXEL MOEHRENSCHLAGER, JANA M. MCPHERSON, and JOHN J. MASON. "Ten years of adaptive community-governed conservation: evaluating biodiversity protection and poverty alleviation in a West African hippopotamus reserve." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 3 (July 15, 2010): 270–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689291000041x.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYCommunity-based natural resource management has been accused of failing on social, economic or ecological grounds. Balanced assessments are rare, however, particularly in West Africa. This paper examines the first 10 years of Ghana's Wechiau Community Hippo Sanctuary using an evaluation framework that considers socioeconomic and ecological outcomes, as well as resilience mechanisms. Building upon traditional taboos against the killing of hippopotami, this initiative has attempted to conserve an imperilled large mammal, protect biodiversity and alleviate abject poverty amidst a bush meat crisis and complex ethnic diversity. Findings show that the Sanctuary has improved local livelihoods by spurring economic diversification and infrastructure development rates 2–8 times higher than in surrounding communities. Simultaneously, threats to biodiversity have subsided, hippopotamus numbers have remained stable and the Sanctuary's riparian habitats now harbour more bird species than comparable areas nearby. Improved social capital, true empowerment, an equitable distribution of benefits, ecological awareness among children and support for the Sanctuary, even amongst community members who were disadvantaged by its creation, speak to good long-term prospects. Risks remain, some of which are beyond the community's control, but evidence of socioecological resilience suggests that capacity exists to buffer risks and foster sustainability. Lessons learnt at Wechiau translate into recommendations for the planning, implementation and evaluation of future community-based conservation initiatives, including greater interdisciplinary integration and the use of adaptive co-management approaches.
14
Banamwana, Celestin, David Musoke, Theoneste Ntakirutimana, Esther Buregyeya, John C. Ssempebwa, Gakenia Wamuyu Maina, and Nazarius Mbona Tumwesigye. "Factors Associated With Utilization of Ecological Sanitation Technology in Burera District, Rwanda: A Mixed Methods Research." Environmental Health Insights 16 (January 2022): 117863022211182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302221118229.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The utilization of “on-site excreta decomposition technology” known as “Ecological sanitation (Ecosan)” has a rational use of human excreta. It is a resource-oriented sanitation mostly feasible in areas with rocky soil and prone to agriculture. This technology was implemented in Rwanda for more than a decade. However, little is known about Ecosan utilization in the process of scale-up in the community. Aim: The study was carried out to determine enablers and barriers associated with the utilization of Ecosan in Burera district, Rwanda. Methods: A mixed method study was surveyed in 374 households with Ecosan. A systematic random sampling was used to select respondents and a sample was drawn from the 3 administrative sectors of Burera district. We interviewed 20 key informants that included community leaders and sanitation actors. Bivariate, ordered logistic regression with thematic content analysis were used. Results: Ecosan users were unable to practice both urine diversion and the use of Ecosan by-products. Only 39.4% of households were better users. As by the survey results, primary and secondary educational status (AOR 2.60, 95% CI 1.11-6.08) and (AOR 3.49, 95% CI 1.02-11.9), frequency of fecal pit emptying (AOR 3.38, 95% CI (2.18-17.91), ash use (AOR 1.65, 95% CI (0.93-4.64) and concrete slab latrine (AOR 7.31, 95% CI (2.94-17.95) were found to be associated with better use of Ecosan. Qualitative findings suggested unaffordable cost, a touch of excreta taboos, and poor maintenance practices as key barriers to utilization. Conclusion: Overall utilization of Ecosan was poor and the majority of households was not able to use Ecosan for both dry separation of urine from feces and reuse in the gardens. Upgrading existing knowledge about Ecosan with greater emphasis on the use of by-products and adopting good maintenance practices through regular training can promote better utilization of Ecosan.
15
Yomo, Mawulolo, Khaldoon A. Mourad, and Masamaeya D. T. Gnazou. "Examining Water Security in the Challenging Environment in Togo, West Africa." Water 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020231.
Full textAbstract:
Water shortages across the globe have increased due to climate change among other factors with negative impacts expected at the river basin level. Anticipating these impacts will help experts act in a timely manner to avoid a future water crisis. As part of addressing the future water shortage impacts on the Togolese community, this paper assessed water security in the context of the global environmental change in the Oti River Basin taking Oti Nord sub-basin (ONSB) as a case study. Key informants’ interviews were done with staff from governmental institutions, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), community-based organizations, and private operators. The Improved Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model (IFCEM) was used for assessing water security (WS). A basin level WS evaluation system including five subcomponents (external environment security, water resources security, water-society security, water economic security, and water-environment security) and 23 indicators related to climate, socio-economy, water availability, and consumption were constructed. The results showed that the water level is very insecure in the sub-basin for the assessed years (2010, 2015, and 2025) with the year 2025 being the worst (expected a decrease of water security by 20% and 1% in 2025 compared to the years 2015 and 2010, respectively). This insecurity is found to be the result of many factors including technical, institutional, juridical, environmental, socio-cultural, hydrogeological, and demographical factors. However, managerial factors such as institutional instability, the inadequacies in water and related sector evolution, and the absence of de-centralized water management structures, the non-operationalization of management organs/financial instruments, and culture (i.e. taboos and bylaws) are found to be key to the study area. The paper concluded that the operationalization of management organs/financial instruments may enable the application of adopted water policies and regulations, which may lead to a sound and coordinated management of the available water resources since this will enable the government’s self-investment in clean water provision, data acquisition (potential water available and the estimation of economic driven potential water needs, which are key for any sound development), and a stimulated joined effort from the existing institutions. In addition, the establishment of a sound waste management system and awareness raising, and educative activities regarding water pollution will be of great benefit for this cause.
16
Hyman, Anthony. "Taboo themes: Drugs and pollution in Central Asia." Central Asian Survey 8, no. 4 (January 1989): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02634938908400680.
Full text
17
Wu, Decun, Guangzhu Wu, and He Yang. "Analysis of China’s Embodied Ecological Footprint and Its Flows among Economic Sectors per Unit of Currency Production." Land 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010041.
Full textAbstract:
It is crucial to study ecological footprint production intensity (EFPI) in the ecological compensation strategy of designated industries and to delineate high-polluting industries. Environment-extended input-output (EE-IO) tables are suitable for analyzing embodied pollution or land occupation among its economic sectors. The ecological footprint (EF) and input-output tables (IOTs) were used to analyze China’s EFPI and its (net) flow among sectors in 2005, 2010, and 2015. With the environment-extended matrix and Leontief inverse matrix of EE-IO analysis, the direct pollution coefficient (DPC) and total pollution coefficient (TPC) of China’s EF were studied. The (net) embodied EFPI flows between any two sectors were decomposed and demonstrated in detail. The key embodied EFPI component transfer paths among sectors were tracked and analyzed. The results for China’s EFPI in 2005, 2010, and 2015 show that the averages of the TPC component and net embodied EFPI transfer components showed a downward trend from 2005 to 2015. The sector of electricity, heat, gas, and water (S11) and the sector of Agriculture (S1) provided larger component values of both TPCs and net embodied EFPI transfers. From the analysis of the three transfer levels of EFPI, high-value transfer paths were further marked for key governance. Imposing an ecological tax and controlling high-EFPI industries were recommended as optimizations from the production and consumption ends. Additionally, this paper provides a reference for the division of ecological responsibility among Chinese sectors.
18
Bacoş, Ioan-Bogdan, and Manuela Rozalia Gabor. "Air Quality Indices - Case Study: Environmental Sustainability Pillar and Romania’s Positioning in the European and Global Context." Acta Marisiensis. Seria Technologica 18, no. 1 (May 29, 2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amset-2021-0004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Daily exposure to ambient air pollutants harms human health and the environment. Even though in recent years air quality is a taboo subject discussed and researched by many interested areas, pollution indices often exceed the pollution norms imposed by the authorities in major European cities. In response to these environmental problems, the European Union has created a body of legislation on pollution indicators. On the other hand, World Economic Forum promote the travel tourism competitiveness index (including the pillar of environmental sustainability). The purpose of this paper is to present and analyse the indicators from the environmental sustainability pillar within TTCI (Travel and tourism competitiveness index) and the air pollution indicators, respectively the air quality standards and the pollution norms. As a short result, România exceeds at some indicators and has a lot to improve at the others (Enforcement of environmental regulations).
19
Sellers Walden, Chester, and Alexandra Cabrera Lituma. "4 Plataforma estadística de variables atmosféricas con la aplicación de las normas TULSMA en el cantón Cuenca." Universidad-Verdad, no. 73 (September 27, 2017): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33324/uv.v1i73.37.
Full textAbstract:
La contaminación del aire afecta a la salud de los seres humanos, por lo que es fundamental conocer su estado y presentarlo a la ciudadanía. Se necesita de una herramienta de gestión ambiental para la toma de decisiones en beneficio de la comunidad. Este proyecto presenta una plataforma web para el análisis estadístico de variables atmosféricas registradas en la estación de monitoreo automático de la EMOV-EP. El estudio incluye el nivel de la calidad del aire, tablas y gráficos estadísticos de este comportamiento, los mismos que se basan en la normas del Texto Unificado de Legislación Ambiental Secundaria (TULSMA).
Palabras clave: Calidad del aire, contaminación atmosférica, TULSMA, plataforma web, variables meteorológicas.
AbstractAir pollution affects the health of human beings so it is essential to know its status and present it to the public. An environmental management tool is needed to make decisions for the enefit of the community. This project presents a web platform for the statistical analysis of atmospheric variables recorded in EMOV EP’s automatic monitoring station. The study includes air quality level, tables and statistical graphs of this behavior, which are based on the regulations of the Unified Text of Secondary Environmental Legislation (TULSMA).
Keywords: Air quality, air pollution, TULSMA, webplatform, meteorological variables.
20
Canipari, Rita, Lucia De Santis, and Sandra Cecconi. "Female Fertility and Environmental Pollution." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (November 26, 2020): 8802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238802.
Full textAbstract:
A realistic picture of our world shows that it is heavily polluted everywhere. Coastal regions and oceans are polluted by farm fertilizer, manure runoff, sewage and industrial discharges, and large isles of waste plastic are floating around, impacting sea life. Terrestrial ecosystems are contaminated by heavy metals and organic chemicals that can be taken up by and accumulate in crop plants, and water tables are heavily contaminated by untreated industrial discharges. As deadly particulates can drift far, poor air quality has become a significant global problem and one that is not exclusive to major industrialized cities. The consequences are a dramatic impairment of our ecosystem and biodiversity and increases in degenerative or man-made diseases. In this respect, it has been demonstrated that environmental pollution impairs fertility in all mammalian species. The worst consequences are observed for females since the number of germ cells present in the ovary is fixed during fetal life, and the cells are not renewable. This means that any pollutant affecting hormonal homeostasis and/or the reproductive apparatus inevitably harms reproductive performance. This decline will have important social and economic consequences that can no longer be overlooked.
21
Cortés-Hernández, José Héctor. "Origen histórico de la contaminación hídrica y análisis jurídico del río Atoyac." Tecnología y ciencias del agua 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 133–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2021-01-05.
Full textAbstract:
Se describe la cuenca hidrológica del área sujeta al presente estudio, a la que pertenecen el río Atoyac y el río San Francisco, del que se realiza una descripción cultural que permita entender la trascendencia social de su cauce y el impacto de su degradación en el ecosistema, detrimento relacionado directamente con las Obras de Derivación de las aguas broncas de la Malinche realizadas entre 1939 y 1947, labores previas al embovedamiento del río (1963-1975), dentro de la Microcuenca del río San Francisco, actual municipio de Puebla perteneciente a la Cuenca Alto-Atoyac; consecuentemente, se determinan las causas que originaron esta decisión, consistente en uno de los primeros ejercicios de colaboración interinstitucional sobre la gestión moderna de aguas en México y se describe la influencia de esta decisión sobre la contaminación actual del río Atoyac y los efectos negativos que contrajo. En la investigación se analiza información técnica oficial, se interpreta y vincula con el ordenamiento jurídico positivo y vigente del Derecho hídrico mexicano bajo la metodología de la hermenéutica jurídica y se desglosa de forma cronológica y en tablas bajo la jerarquía descrita por la Norma Fundante de Hans Kelsen. En un proceso gradual, se descifra la regulación jurídica del río Atoyac, su contaminación y los derechos humanos en riesgo, a través del principio de concurrencia, de utilidad pública y de la propiedad federal de las aguas, su relación con el orden estatal y municipal y el factor de la supremacía constitucional. Finalmente se vinculan los tópicos tratados con la Recomendación No.10/2017 emitida por la Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos el día 21 de marzo de 2017, instrumento promovido para determinar si las autoridades o servidores públicos violaron o no los derechos humanos de los afectados en poblaciones específicas del estado de Puebla y de Tlaxcala, sobre la cual se verifican los alcances jurídicos de las autoridades relacionadas con la contaminación y saneamiento de la Cuenca y se cuestiona el modelo de gestión vigente sobre las aguas nacionales.
22
Kolanek, Agnieszka, Rafalina Korol, Marzenna Strońska, and Urszula Szyjkowska. "Assessment of water pollution by nitrates in the Middle Odra Basin." Journal of Water and Land Development 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2007): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10025-008-0008-z.
Full textAbstract:
Assessment of water pollution by nitrates in the Middle Odra Basin The objective of the study was to characterise the quality of surface waters in order to determine their vulnerability to pollution by nitrogen compounds from agricultural activity, as well as to specify the areas with increased exposure, where nitrogen runoff from agricultural sources has to be reduced. It was necessary to determine surface waters liable to pollution by these compounds due to the fact that agricultural production should be carried out in the way which limits and prevents water pollution by nitrogen compounds of agricultural origin. The study addressed the following issues: the concentration of nitrogen compounds in the surface waters of the Middle Odra Basin, and the extent of eutrophication in flowing inland waters (with nitrogen as the main nutrient). The results have been plotted in figures and gathered in tables.
23
Matsuo, T. "Japanese experiences of environmental management." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
Japan experienced a very rapid industrialization and economic growth in the era of income doubling in 1960s and at the same time Japan experienced very severe damage from various types of environmental pollution. In this paper, historical development of population, GNP, energy consumption with classification of petroleum, coal and electric power, and CO2 emission are introduced as basic background data on Japanese development. The tragic experience of Minamata disease and Itai-itai disease caused by methyl mercury and cadmium, respectively, are introduced. In two tables, historical development of water pollution and air pollution are summarized. Regarding solid wastes management, the total mass balance in Japan and recent development in legislation framework for enhancement of recycling of wastes are introduced briefly.
24
Sohor, Andrii, Andrii Brydun, and Anton Buha. "WEB CARTOGRAPHY OF SOIL QUALITY IN LVIV REGION." Technical Sciences and Technologies, no. 3(29) (2022): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2022-3(29)-169-177.
Full textAbstract:
A web map of soil pollution in Lviv region was developed.To create the web map of soil quality in Lvivregion, we used a very convenient and popular platform “ArcGIS Online”. For our case, Excel tables were developed: soil samples from the places of pollution by industrial enterprises and landfills provided by the Department of Instrumental and Laboratory Control of the State Ecological Inspectorate in Lviv region; content analyses of labile forms of salts of heavy metals in soil samples; observations on the quality of agricultural soils in Lviv region.
25
Baldorj, Bulgansaikhan, Munkherdene Tsagaan, Lodoysamba Sereeter, and Amanjol Bulkhbai. "Embedded Generative Air Pollution Model with Variational Autoencoder and Environmental Factor Effect in Ulaanbaatar City." Atmosphere 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13010071.
Full textAbstract:
Air pollution is one of the most pressing modern-day issues in cities around the world. However, most cities have adopted air quality measurement devices that only measure the past pollution levels without paying attention to the influencing factors. To obtain preliminary pollution information with regard to environmental factors, we developed a variational autoencoder and feedforward neural network-based embedded generative model to examine the relationship between air quality and the effects of environmental factors. In the model, actual SO2, NO2, PM2.5, PM10, and CO measurements from 2016 to 2020 were used, which were assembled from 15 differently located ground monitoring stations in Ulaanbaatar city. A wide range of weather and fuel measurements were used as the data for the influencing factors, and were collected over the same period as the air pollution data were recorded. The prediction results concerned all measurement stations, and the results were visualized as a spatial–temporal distribution of pollution and the performance of individual stations. A cross-validated R2 was used to estimate the entire pollution distribution through the regions as SO2: 0.81, PM2.5: 0.76, PM10: 0.89, and CO: 0.83. Pearson’s chi-squared tests were used for assessing each measurement station, and the contingency tables represent a high correlation between the actual and model results. The model can be applied to perform specific analysis of the interdependencies between pollution and environmental factors, and the performance of the model improves with long-range data.
26
Zhinzhakova, Liliya Zuberovna, and Elena Alexandrovna Cherednik. "ASSESSMENT OF POLLUTION OF GLACIAL WATERS OF THE RIVERS OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS FOR THE PERIOD 2017-2018." Chronos: natural and technical sciences 6, no. 2(35) (July 4, 2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2712-9691-35-2-3.
Full textAbstract:
The assessment of the chemical composition and quality of glacial waters for the period 2017-2018 was carried out according to the maximum permissible concentrations. The results of the study of the content of the trace element Mn and mineral nitrogen compounds in the waters of glacial rivers are presented. According to observations during this period, the features of the waters of the studied rivers and their difference in the level of pollution were revealed. An ecological assessment of the pollution of water bodies is given according to the classification of the quality of surface waters of the land. The data are presented in tables.
27
Zobel, K. "The Indicator Value of a Set of Lichen Species Assessed with the Help of Log-Linear Models." Lichenologist 20, no. 1 (January 1988): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282988000106.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe value of 19 epiphytic lichen species as air pollution indicators was tested in the Khamar-Daban mountain range in east Siberia. Frequency of occurrence of a species was used as the indicator characteristic. Altitude and distance from the pollution source were considered as environmental factors. The methodology of fitting log-linear models to contingency tables with presence/absence (frequency) scale as an additional dimension is presented. The significance of changes in species frequency is studied by examining the significance of the model parameters, which account for interactions of the environmental factors with the ‘frequency factor’. Only two species, Parmelia caperata and P. olivacea, were found to be good pollution indicators in that they showed a uniform monotonic (unidirectional) response to the factor of distance at all altitudes. The frequency of 12 species changed significantly and monotonically with distance in one or two altitudinal zones.
28
Khozouie, Nasim, and Faranak Fotouhi-Ghazvini. "Air pollution monitoring By sensors embedded on mobile phone." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 11, no. 5 (October 30, 2013): 2628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v11i5.1148.
Full textAbstract:
Mobile technology has been available for at least a decade and is increasingly being used in developing countries as away of contacting and connecting citizens and helping them to organize for a better life.Mobile phones are not just for phone calls, but they can also be used to collect data in several different formats and send them to a central server. There the data can be aggregated and analyzed, with tables and visualizations automatically generated. What is new is the sheer number of observation points that are potentially available by using mobile phones. With over 4 billion phones in use worldwide, the mobile phone network is emerging as a form of “global brain” with sensors everywhere. In addition, there are companies such as Fourier Systems that provide purpose-built mobile devices that are specifically designed for science experiments in school sand for data logging in any science project.
29
Feliks, Jacek, and Magdalena Krawczyk. "Methods of enlarging material to the concentration table." New Trends in Production Engineering 2, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2019-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Concentration tables are one of the oldest oscillatory enrichments with over 100 years of tradition. On this type of distribution tables are made according to material mass in many recurring cycles induced by appropriate drives. So-called wet tables are the devices most often used for coal enrichment in Polish mines because this process generates very high costs, high water consumption and pollution of the environment, as well as the need for, among others, water and mud management is increasingly being replaced mainly in areas poor in water by the modern model of the air concentration table – FGX produced in China. The process of enrichment on this type of table itself runs in a manner comparable to the method of wet enrichment with the difference that the FGX is distributed on a perforated plate, in this case we deal with air pollution. Department of Machinery Engineering and Transport's attempts to use the differences in coefficients of friction in over-resonance screens have shown that it is possible effective separation of grains with different coefficients of friction. The article presents a theoretical analysis and presents the results of performed dry enrichment trials using different coefficients of friction. The summary presents the advantages of using the enrichment method using the differences in friction coefficients and test results.
30
Mukhametshina, E. R., and I. S. Aitov. "Innovative Methodology for Assessing the Condition, Certification, Systematization and Accounting of Oil-Contaminated Sites." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 931, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/931/1/012008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The article describes an innovative method for assessing the condition, certification, systematization and accounting of oil-contaminated sites. The paper offers three-dimensional models, tables on the volume content of petroleum products, tables of the distribution of plots into reclamation groups, QR codes and parcel codes necessary for targeted elimination of the consequences of oil and petroleum products spills in the soil. This technique involves the construction of three-dimensional models of oil-contaminated sites, necessary to reflect the volume of soil contamination, numerical visualization of oil pollution volumes using various data tables, as well as the creation of QR codes and parcel codes, which are necessary to improve the system of accounting, storage and certification of oil-contaminated land.
31
Bolton, Matthew. "THE NUCLEAR TABOO AND THE INTERNATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO ABOLISH NUCLEAR WEAPONS." Revista de Direito Brasileira 22, no. 9 (June 25, 2019): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/indexlawjournals/2358-1352/2019.v22i9.5338.
Full textAbstract:
This article uses Mary Douglas’ landmark theorization of purity and danger to explore the development of the ‘nuclear taboo’ and ICAN’s creative manipulation of discourses of nuclear pollution. ICAN placed people who had long been marginalized by nuclear diplomacy – survivors, women, indigenous people, civilians, representatives of small states – at the center of the conversation about nuclear weapons. In doing so, ICAN deconstructed discourses legitimating nuclear weapons, revealing the ambivalence and fear underneath diplomatic euphemism. ICAN also turned the stigma associated with nuclear weapons onto those who defended them. I conclude by reflecting on the importance in being transparent about how pariah status for a weapon is socially constructed. Openly discussing the process of stigmatization need not undermine or delegitimize it. Rather, seeing pariah status as a political process enables us to have a conversation about how to address threats to human security without resorting to coercive control.
32
Charnock, H. "Applied environmentrics oceanographic tables." Marine Pollution Bulletin 21, no. 6 (June 1990): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(90)90598-3.
Full text
33
Guan, Guoliang, Yonggui Wang, Ling Yang, Jinzhao Yue, Qiang Li, Jianyun Lin, and Qiang Liu. "Water-Quality Assessment and Pollution-Risk Early-Warning System Based on Web Crawler Technology and LSTM." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 19, 2022): 11818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811818.
Full textAbstract:
The openly released and measured data from automatic hydrological and water quality stations in China provide strong data support for water environmental protection management and scientific research. However, current public data on hydrology and water quality only provide real-time data through data tables in a shared page. To excavate the supporting effect of these data on water environmental protection, this paper designs a water-quality-prediction and pollution-risk early-warning system. In this system, crawler technology was used for data collection from public real-time data. Additionally, a modified long short-term memory (LSTM) was adopted to predict the water quality and provide an early warning for pollution risks. According to geographic information technology, this system can show the process of spatial and temporal variations of hydrology and water quality in China. At the same time, the current and future water quality of important monitoring sites can be quickly evaluated and predicted, together with the pollution-risk early warning. The data collected and the water-quality-prediction technique in the system can be shared and used for supporting hydrology and in water quality research and management.
34
Beyaitan Bantin, Allaramadji, Hongping Wang, and Xia Jun. "Analysis and Control of the Physicochemical Quality of Groundwater in the Chari Baguirmi Region in Chad." Water 12, no. 10 (October 11, 2020): 2826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102826.
Full textAbstract:
Water resources are threatened nowadays by pollution that comes from domestic, industrial and agricultural discharges without prior treatment. This pollution causes the degradation of water quality. Surface pollutants can seep through the soil into water tables. The objective of our work is to assess and control the physicochemical quality of the Chari Baguirmi groundwater, to protect human health. The quality of 83 boreholes was assessed, while performing analysis for 12 physicochemical parameters at the National Water Laboratory and at the Center for Quality Control of Foodstuffs in Chad. These parameters are pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, NH4+ and NO3−, Fe2+ and HCO3−. The results obtained were also compared with WHO standards. The geochemical statistical approach has made it possible to characterize hydro geochemical properties and to understand the major processes of mineralization of groundwater resources in the Chari Baguirmi region in Chad. Some of its waters are acidic and weakly mineralized, rich in Fe2+ and NH4+. The origin of the mineralization is due to the alteration of the host rocks and to the hydrolysis of silicate and ferromagnesian minerals, as well as anthropogenic pollution. The ammonium concentrations in N’Djamena boreholes are higher than WHO standards, indicating the presence of pollution which may come from organic waste. These results constitute a preliminary step in understanding hydro geochemical functioning and a basis for monitoring the physicochemical quality of water in the study area.
35
Beca, Ilinca Mirela, and Mihai Iliescu. "Developing an Innovative Urban Traffic Noise Monitoring System." Advanced Engineering Forum 21 (March 2017): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.21.551.
Full textAbstract:
The transportation policies focusing on minimizing the environmental impact aim at an improved quality of life and health of the population, the urban one in particular. Noise pollution is one of the biggest problems associated with the European urban environment at the present moment, mainly because of the ever-increasing road traffic. SUNET system (System for Urban Noise and Eco-Traffic) was designed to improve the management of the noise pollution in Cluj-Napoca and to provide up-to-date public data on a user-friendly interface. The implementation of the application over the entire municipality is highly advantageous as it creates a link between the town’s administration (the local authorities, the City Hall of Cluj-Napoca) and the user (the citizens) through this system which is dynamic, modern and compliant with the European regulations. The graphic interface uses the HTML (HyperText Markup Language) code, while the database is set up in an SQL (Structured Query Language) format and contains information about the characteristics of the system and users alike, all organized in specific tables. The need for an online urban noise pollution monitoring system, such as the SUNET one, appears to allow the provision of fairly realistic and up-to-date information and encourage the community to actively assist in the application of proper action plans and the decision-making process when it comes to the population’s exposure to high levels of noise pollution.
36
Luthi, Randall B., Linda B. Burlington, Eli Reinharz, and Sharon K. Shutler. "THE SECOND GENERATION OF NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS: LESSONS LEARNED?1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-727.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The Damage Assessment Regulations Team (DART), under the Office of General Counsel of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has centered its efforts on developing natural resource damage assessment regulations for oil pollution in navigable waters. These procedures will likely lower the costs associated with damage assessments, encourage joint cooperative assessments and simplify most assessments. The DART team of NOAA is developing new regulations for the assessment of damages due to injuries related to oil spills under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. These regulations will involve coordination, restoration, and economic valuation. Various methods are currently being developed to assess damages for injuries to natural resources. The proposed means include: compensation tables for spills under 50,000 gallons, Type A model, expedited damage assessment (EDA) procedures, and comprehensive procedures. They are being developed to provide trustees with a choice for assessing natural resource damages for each oil spill.
37
Rossiianov, Kirill. "Beyond Species: Il’ya Ivanov and His Experiments on Cross-Breeding Humans with Anthropoid Apes." Science in Context 15, no. 2 (June 2002): 277–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889702000455.
Full textAbstract:
ArgumentI believe that some pollutions are used as analogies for expressing a general view of the social order.Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger (Douglas 1966, 14)The possibility of crossing humans with other anthropoid species has been discussed in fiction as well as in scientific literature during the twentieth century. Professor Il’ya Ivanov’s attempt to achieve this was crucial for the beginning of organized primate research in the Soviet Union, and remains one of the most interesting and controversial experiments that was ever done on non-human primates. The possibility of removing the boundary that separates humans from other animal species, apes in particular, is loaded with important political meaning and violates cultural and ethical taboos. The history of Ivanov’s scientific experiment thus helps to reveal some of the twentieth-century’s important cultural conventions and hidden assumptions about human nature, species, and social hierarchy.
38
van Courtland Moon, John Ellis. "The development of the norm against the use of poison: What literature tells us." Politics and the Life Sciences 27, no. 1 (March 2008): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2990/27_1_55.
Full textAbstract:
The use of chemical and biological weapons on the battlefield is considered by most commentators — and by international law — as more abhorrent than the use of nearly all other weapons, including ones meant either to kill secretly or to kill terribly, as do fire or burial alive. I ask why this is so. I explore this question through the study of imagery patterns in Western literature and campaigns against food contamination and environmental pollution. I find that the norm against chemical and biological weapons builds upon a taboo against poisons, a prohibition widely accepted in military manuals as distinguishing soldierly conduct from criminal conduct, especially those forms of conduct made criminal by the employment of treachery, invisibility, and transformation.
39
Tian, Gang, Wen Yu, Thi Thanh Huyen Vu, and Guo-Yong Ma. "Green Assessment of Imports and Exports of Wooden Forest Products Based on Forest Processing Industry: A Case Study of China." Forests 12, no. 2 (January 31, 2021): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020166.
Full textAbstract:
The research on international trade competitiveness is progressing continuously. Environmental factors have been gradually considered in the competitiveness of international trade. However, the green assessment system of international trade competitiveness is not perfect. Building a model based on the trade economy is complex. This study combines environmental pollution data based on the forest processing industry with trade flows. Environmental trade competitiveness, pollution treatment, and trade scale were selected as the three criterion levels to construct an assessment system. The weight and score of each index were calculated by the overall entropy method. The overall entropy method is more comprehensive than the traditional entropy weight method due to introduce longitudinal comparisons of time and category. This method is a dynamic evaluation model with analysis of three-dimensional sequential data tables. The use of this method enables the assessment model to analyze more comprehensively the green level of a country’s trade in wooden forest products in terms of time and product category. The green level of chemical wood pulp and sawn timber trade in China is at a high level. The pollution treatment and trade scale of chemical wood pulp and sawn timber attained a medium level of matching. The trades in particle board, hardboard, newsprint, carton board, and wrapping paper are at medium levels of green. The trades in medium density fiberboard and plywood have poor levels of green and need to improve their green production capacity. It is suggested that China should increase investment in scientific research, as well as establish policies to restrict and treat pollution in the industry of wooden forest products, while increasing the export volumes of products with high added value. China should attach importance to the pollution resulting from the manufacture of wooden forest products. The state should support policies for these producers reducing production emissions.
40
Libecap, Gary D. "Redefining Efficiency: Pollution Concerns, Regulatory Mechanisms, and Technological Change in the U.S. Petroleum Industry. By Hugh S. Gorman. Series on Technology and the Environment. Series Editors, Jeffrey Stine, and Joel Tarr. Akron, OH: University of Akron Press, 2001. Pp. xv, 451. $49.95, cloth; $39.95, paper." Journal of Economic History 63, no. 1 (March 2003): 294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050703531801.
Full textAbstract:
In this well-written, documented, and technically complete book, Hugh Gorman describes the response of the American petroleum industry to pollution over the course of the twentieth century. The industry, which grew and matured during this period as an integral part of modern industrialization, faced serious, and often dramatic pollution problems. They were inherent in production from common oil pools that encouraged haste, waste, and excessive surface storage; in transportation through pipelines and tanker trucks and ships; and in refining and storing complex hydrocarbons that easily escaped into the air, soil, or aquifers. Reaction to pollution brought new technologies, organizational forms, firm collaboration, and regulation—all of which are described and documented from primary and secondary sources throughout this volume. Gorman partitions efforts to address pollution into two “ethics”—an efficiency ethic that characterized industry action through the 1960s and an environmental ethic that came into being in the 1970s. The efficiency ethic describes antipollution efforts to reduce the costly wastes associated with extraction and shipment, including saving lost oil from “gusher” wells and leaky tanks and pipelines, as well as capturing natural gas and water voided in production that could be re-injected and used to propel oil to the surface. Efficiency also required greater productivity and less waste in refining through reducing vapor and hydrocarbon discharges and recycling acids and other chemicals. The firms could capture the benefits of internalizing the externalities associated with these pollutants. In tables 2.1 and 4.3 Gorman lists some of the pollution and waste-related problems encountered in oil production, shipment, and refining that were addressed effectively by firms without much government intervention. He describes the role of the major trade association, the American Petroleum Institute, in generating information for oil firms to reduce externalities.
41
Korzhenevsky, B., Gleb Tolkachev, and Nikolay Kolomiycev. "Monitoring of heavy metals and arsenic in bottom sediments of water bodies." Melioration and Water Management, no. 5 (February 6, 2020): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32962/0235-2524-2019-5-53-57.
Full textAbstract:
The study of contamination of sediments of water bodies with chemical elements continues to be one of the important problems of geoecology. The lack of a formal normative base for these indicators has led to different and diverse approaches and methods to solve this problem. The selection of the territory of a large water body on the example of the Volga river basin is made. There are four different hierarchical levels of research objects. The questions of location in time and space of observation points for the change of pollution of the river sediments and reservoirs are considered and justified. Theoretical and methodical substantiation of sampling of these deposits, the allocation of silt fraction less than 0.020 mm, which allows to bring samples containing different size components to the «common denominator» in laboratory studies. The choice of geoaccumulation index as an indicator of the level of pollution of the studied objects is justified. It is recommended at the present stage to use the total index of toxic pollution to assess the total technogenic pressure on the studied area. The assessment of complex pollution of the sediments can also be carried out on the basis of the total toxic pollution. The necessity to use the same permanent set of seven heavy metals Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni and As in solving the problem is substantiated. To present the results of field and laboratory studies, along with traditional tables, diagrams and graphs, it is recommended to use a color scheme map, where the technogenic pressure is displayed from the blue to the green and yellow to the red – the most dangerous. To assess the quality of the sediments for areas of water bodies experiencing anthropogenic load from the 1st – 2nd city-forming enterprises, can be carried out on the mono-element schematic maps or diagrams.
42
Chai, HuiJie. "Analysis of the Coordination Relationship between the Green Principle of Civil Law and Environmental Law in Environmental Pollution and Ecological Destruction." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (August 13, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2536704.
Full textAbstract:
Under the dual influence of environmental pollution and ecological damage, the green principles of civil law and environmental law can be better coordinated and developed. In the past, environmental pollution and ecological damage in the author’s country were very serious. Hence, they designed and experimented with data extraction technology and environmental big data sets. A distribution model investigates it. Experiments show the following: (1) The system is developed from big data and can fully reflect the ecological environment of all parts of the country. Finally, it is concluded that the author’s country's environmental pollution and ecological damage are very serious. (2) According to the experimental data of the figures and tables, it is concluded that the cooperation and coordination relationship between the green principles of civil law and environmental law not only has a protective effect on the ecological environment but also increases the economy of society and people. With the continuous updating and coordination of environmental laws and green prototypes, the author’s country’s environmental pollutants are significantly declining. The author believes that in the future, the country's ecological environment will become better, and the green principles of civil law will be more closely related to environmental law. The country’s environmental pollution and people’s lives are becoming more closely related. To better solve environmental problems, we have introduced the green principles of civil law and environmental law. It makes people’s quality of life and the economy better. The main significance of the study is to use the method with the least damage to the environment to obtain the maximum economic benefit to achieve long-term sustainable development.
43
Szczepański, Marek, Lech W. Szajdak, and Teresa Meysner. "Impact of Shelterbelt and Peatland Barriers on Agricultural Landscape Groundwater: Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds Removal Efficiency." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101972.
Full textAbstract:
In the context of declining water quality, the threat of nonpoint source pollution (NSP) to aquatic habitats and species is a well-recognized phenomenon. The recognition of NSP continues to grow as legal regulatory practices as well as public and scientific awareness of this source of pollution increase. Agricultural runoff from farms and fields often contains various contaminants such as pesticides, fertilizers, pathogens, sediments, salts, trace metals, and substances that contribute to changes in biological oxygen demand. Farmers and growers releasing agricultural runoff are increasingly required to implement water-quality regulations and management practices to reduce NSP. Constructed or restored shelterbelts and natural peatlands can be two of the many best management practices farmers can use to address this problem. We compared the barrier efficiency of the agricultural landscape elements, i.e., a shelterbelt of various plant compositions and a peatland, to control the spread of NSP in groundwater between ecosystems. In agricultural areas with high water tables, biogeochemical barriers in the form of shelterbelts and peatlands can remove or retain many groundwater pollutants from agricultural runoff with careful planning and management.
44
Korvet, Nadezhda, Maria Zavodchikova, and Marina Lazdovskaya. "Influence of technogenic factors on the engineering and geological conditions of the gas plant territory in the Orenburg region." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016401021.
Full textAbstract:
The engineering and geotechnical conditions of the site of the helium plant in the Orenburg region are characterized. The possibility of its technogenic pollution has been identified by the results of literary and stock sources, as well as by engineering and geological surveys. The reason for the formation of pollution sites is substantiated. This fact is confirmed by analyzes of assessing the composition of groundwater and the physicomechanical properties of loess soils that make up the upper part of the geological section. Groundwater is characterized by increased mineralization, which is mainly caused by the high content of sulfates, chlorides, magnesium and calcium. Also, there is an increased content of ammonia, the smell of gasoline. Studies of the soil properties showed that it almost lost subsidence properties, with the exception of isolated cases. The subsidence of individual soil samples taken from a depth of 13.0-20.0 m is inexplicable by natural causes due to the impossibility of steeping them, taking into account the hydrogeological conditions of the site. It indicates an irreversible effect of leaks of chemical reagents on the soil. The established engineering and geological features of soils and their behavior along the depth of the section are confirmed by test results presented in the form of tables and graphs. The presented information is of great practical and scientific importance for predicting changes in the characteristics of the geological environment during technogenic pollution at oil and gas facilities. The feasibility of amending regulatory documents for a detailed study of this problem in accordance with existing recommendations and scientific developments is proposed.
45
Fatah, Muhamad Fadilah, Melyndo Ari Oftariano, Taksulanapurusa Zakly Setiabudi, and Eko Sri Haryanto. "A Combination Design of Bag, Chair, Charger, Tables Made with Hazardous Waste Raw Materials in Tackling Environmental Pollution in the 4.0 Revolution Era." Pendhapa 11, no. 2 (December 5, 2020): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/pendhapa.v11i2.3614.
Full textAbstract:
The design of bags, chairs, chargers and tables is intended for commuter workers who carry out mobility activities every day. Design works that help to support commuter worker activities use a multi-functional system. The multi-function system is indicate by the shape and features attached. This product design method uses several stages including; 1) problem identification; 2) literature study: 3) design sketches, and: 4) design. The design results are turned into chairs, tables for lesehan (sitting on the floor) and bags. In addition, the other things are the storage box to store equipments for commuter workers while doing mobility and a solar cell which functions to capture sunlight which will be converted into electrical energy for energy sources to charge cellphones. Design works can be used in accordance with their respective functions. Design works carry the principle of multifunction, easy use, strong, lightweight and flexible. It is hoped that the design for this multi-functional products can be practical in use in the development of creative industries, and can overcome environmental pollution problems. From a theoretical perspective, it can be a reference for academics and science.
46
Almasri, Mohammad N., Tariq G. Judeh, and Sameer M. Shadeed. "Identification of the Nitrogen Sources in the Eocene Aquifer Area (Palestine)." Water 12, no. 4 (April 14, 2020): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041121.
Full textAbstract:
Groundwater is the main source of water in many countries all over the world. Prevention of the pollution of this source is essential for a sustainable utilization. Nitrate pollution of groundwater is a common problem due to the association between intensive agriculture to achieve food security and fertilization. For an efficient management of groundwater pollution from nitrate, the first step would be to quantify the different sources of nitrogen in the aquifer of concern. This paper aims at demonstrating a general approach based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to characterize the spatial distribution of the nitrogen amounts in the area of the Eocene aquifer (Palestine). The aquifer is heavily utilized for agricultural and domestic water supply. Fertilization in the study area is a widespread practice. As a result, the aquifer is undergoing a nitrate pollution problem. The methodology relies mainly on specifying all the sources of nitrogen in the aquifer area using GIS to account for spatiality. Thereafter, GIS attribute tables and Excel spreadsheets were utilized to quantify the magnitudes of nitrogen from the different sources. Maps of the corresponding on-ground nitrate, ammonium, organic nitrogen and total nitrogen were developed for the study area. The results indicate that the total on-ground annual nitrogen loading in the study area is about 3260 tons of which 38% is attributed to fertilizers (chemical and manure) where the dominant form of nitrogen is NH4 (58.3%). The average total on-ground nitrogen loading is 7028 kg-N/km2·year. The estimated annual nitrate leaching to the aquifer is 1968 kg-N/km2. The areas of high sources of nitrogen have long-term impacts on the degradation of the water quality of the aquifer. It is therefore essential to build up on the outcomes of this work and to develop a nitrate fate and transport model for the Eocene aquifer. This model will enable the stakeholders to arrive at the efficient alternatives to manage the nitrate contamination of the aquifer.
47
Dewi, Diana Chandra. "Analisa Ergonomis Pemanfaatan Meja dan Sofa dari Limbah Ban Mobil." Journal of Electrical Power Control and Automation (JEPCA) 3, no. 1 (July 23, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jepca.v3i1.32.
Full textAbstract:
The more the number of vehicles increases, the more problems that arise, for example air pollution from running engine activities and the amount of used tire waste from the vehicle. Waste from used tires can cause various serious problems if not handled properly. Used tires are waste that is harmful to the environment. This type of waste will be difficult to decompose by decomposing bacteria, this will be very dangerous for the environment. This study aims to analyze tables and sofas by utilizing car tire waste as the main raw material and in order to fulfill the ENASE aspect so that the tables and sofas made can be said to be ergonomic. The methods used in this study include qualitative and quantitative methods. Data processing techniques in this study used a comparison test and multiple linear regression test (ANOVA) to ensure relevant data. In the comparison test that has been done there are differences between all variables before and after and in the multiple linear regression test (ANOVA) that have been carried out there is no influence between the dependent variable and the independent variable.
48
Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Harmanjeet Kaur, and Chaitanya Devesh Singh Thakur. "Power of Millets- Critical for addressing Ecological, Agrarian, and Emerging health crisis in Punjab." Indian Journal of Community Health 34, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2022.v34i04.022.
Full textAbstract:
The state of Punjab is facing a major threat of ecological, agrarian as well as emerging health crisis. Continuously depleting water tables due to unregulated use of irrigation water and increased cultivation of water-thirsty, varieties of rice are posing major threat to water availability in the state. Indiscriminate use of chemicals in farming leading to soil infertility, polluted surface waters and air pollution are contributing to ecological catastrophe and eventually leading to many health problems in the population. Hence there is need to focus on environmentally friendly, economically viable and health benefitting solutions. Millets as climate change compliant crops score highly over other grains in terms of marginal growing conditions and high nutritional value are proposed as a solution for emerging challenges in Punjab.
49
Chubarenko, B. V., G. G. Gogoberidze, E. A. Rumiantseva, N. V. Dvoeglazova, E. M. Burnashov, E. D. Krasnova, S. V. Patsaeva, et al. "ALL-RUSSIAN CONFERENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION “XXIX COASTAL CONFERENCE: FIELD – BASED AND THEORETICAL RESEARCH IN SHORE USE PRACTICE”." Journal of Oceanological Research 50, no. 3 (November 28, 2022): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2.50(3).10.
Full textAbstract:
The paper provides information about the XXIX Coastal Conference, held in Kaliningrad in April 2022. The thematic directions of reports, round tables are reflected, statistical data are given on the number of speeches (232), on participating organizations (38) and cities (13). Additional events held within the framework of the conference (sessions, lectures, competitions, excursions) are described. The text is accompanied by illustrative materials – color photographs of participants taken directly during the conference. The decision of the conference notes that the practical development of new sections of the coasts, the construction of modern infrastructure facilities and the existing natural trends lead to increased coastal erosion in almost all coastal regions of Russia; that there is an urgent need to apply unified observation methods, division of work into research and monitoring and an interdisciplinary approach to jointly take into account physical, chemical and biological aspects (especially for coastal waters with limited or periodic connection with the marine area), that pollution by anthropogenic debris continues to grow, while the pollution pattern is extremely heterogeneous, and information on pollution by anthropogenic debris and microplastics of the marine environment and coasts of the Russian Federation is extremely fragmented. The conference recommends the introduction of amendments and additions to the federal and regional legislation on the regulation of the activities of nature users in the coastal zone, as well as the inventory of the natural resource potential of coastal territories and adjacent water areas with the compilation of a Coastal Registry for coastal ecosocio-economic systems of the Russian Federation. The participants highly appreciated the existing experience and results of coastal protection activities in the Kaliningrad Oblast, and also emphasized the lack of attention of the coastal community to the problems of inland waters (for example, the shores of Lake Baikal). Proposals on the venues of the conference in 2024 (Moscow) and 2026 (Lake Baikal) were announced.
50
Kemp, R. A. "Soil micromorphology of local authority cricket tables." Soil Use and Management 10, no. 2 (June 1994): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1994.tb00461.x.
Full text