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Academic literature on the topic 'Pollution lumineuse – Environnement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pollution lumineuse – Environnement"
Challéat, Samuel. "Le socioécosystème environnement nocturne : un objet de recherche interdisciplinaire." Natures Sciences Sociétés 26, no. 3 (July 2018): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/nss/2018042.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Pollution lumineuse – Environnement"
Mariton, Léa. "Taking light pollution effects on biodiversity into account in conservation measures : challenges and prospects. Case study of European bat species." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS011.
Full textElectric lights have proliferated rapidly over the last century and have changed the night-time environment globally. Over the past decades, scientific studies have shown the effects of artificial light at night (ALAN) on biodiversity. Light pollution has been shown to disrupt a wide range of ecological processes and taxa. In this PhD, we aimed to fill some of the knowledge gaps that could prevent the effects of light pollution on biodiversity from being effectively addressed by mitigation measures. We used bats as model species because they are considered good indicators of the effect of anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity and because, being nocturnal, they are directly exposed to ALAN.We advocated considering the temporal distribution of species in conservation measures, a prerequisite being to have access to knowledge on their temporal ecology. We used data from a national bat monitoring program (Vigie-Chiro) based on acoustic monitoring to characterise bat diel activity patterns (9807 nights monitored, 20 species). We found that bat species could be separated into three functional groups characterised by a crepuscular activity, an activity that occurs when it is completely dark or an intermediate activity. We showed variations of diel activity patterns depending on the season. Accounting for these complex diel activity patterns would help to design efficient mitigation measures. For instance, it would allow the design of part-night lighting schemes covering the range of activity of the target species. Early emerging bats are mostly “light tolerant” species known to feed on insects attracted to lights. However, at the landscape scale, these species tend to be less abundant because of ALAN. This could be explained by disruptions in the diel activity patterns of bats due to ALAN, with potential consequences for population dynamics. Using the Vigie-Chiro dataset, we tested whether ALAN was responsible for such disruptions on a “light tolerant” species (Eptesicus serotinus). ALAN, and to a lesser extent moonlight, reduced its abundance. ALAN delayed activity, this delay was amplified during overcast nights, probably because cloud cover amplified skyglow. Further analyses suggested that two other “light tolerant” species might delay their activity because of ALAN. Thus, even “light tolerant” species should be protected from light pollution. Where it is not possible to switch off lights, other mitigation measures include changing the intensity, directionality and spectrum of light. Many countries are retrofitting lighting equipment with light emitting diodes (LEDs). Despite potential impacts on biodiversity, few studies have focused on this shift. By reanalysing the data from a previously published study, we found that changes in light spectrum and intensity during such a shift have additive and interactive effects on bats. Bat activity decreased with increasing LED intensity. Using the Vigie-Chiro dataset, we showed that the adoption of LEDs would decrease landscape connectivity for bats, with this impact possibly being mitigated by better orienting the light flux. We recommended using LEDs with warmer colours and reduced light intensity. Multiscale spatiotemporal approaches are needed to assess ALAN effect on biodiversity. Although some knowledge gaps remain, there is overwhelming evidence of the impact of light pollution on ecosystems. Mitigation measures are being developed, so there is a need to assess their effectiveness and possible improvements. Considering the reduction of ALAN at the landscape scale is a necessary next step, hence the emergence of the concept of dark ecological networks. A transdisciplinary project on lighting practices and their evolution in municipalities was initiated during this PhD. Indeed, as ALAN has not only ecological but also health and socio-cultural implications, a transdisciplinary perspective is needed to shift the paradigm from conventional lighting to new forms of lighting
Challéat, Samuel. ""Sauver la nuit" : empreinte lumineuse, urbanisme et gouvernance des territoires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOL016.
Full textOur society maintains a complex relation with night, space-time often outside the diurnal cadences which facilitates the reflection, the imagination, the creation, the listening and the link with the other one, while revealing the segregation, the fear, and thus the restriction. By this research, we put compared to the urban lighting – real light project carrier of a strong symbolism – the socio-cultural, ecological and sanitary costs engendered by the artificial light. The urban lighting generates a geographical interlacing of bright imprints of differentiated scales, which we approach by various modellings, without forbidding us the sensitive analysis. We clarify, at various scales, the games of institutional actors and the constraints surrounding the governance of the street lighting in France, and we underline the reproduction of the possibilities offered for its local management. A characterization of the various impacts of the nocturnal artificial light by means of abstract tools of the economy of the environment allows to define as real pollutions the ecological and sanitary damages, and as nuisance the decrease – even the loss – of the accessibility to the starry sky. We show how the environmental good "starry sky" was seized by the astronomers to carry a positive project integrating henceforth the nocturnal environment in general: "Save the night". Oppositions to this project marked out its history, but the necessary energy savings and the budgets of territorial communities bring henceforth the local actors to reconsider with more interest the various propositions made by the associations of "protection of the nocturnal sky and environment". But the difficult efficiency of the mechanisms of coasian bargaining brings us to defend that the protection of these pure public goods, not unbargainable, must be taken care by the public authorities
Azam, Clémentine. "Impacts of light pollution on bat spatiotemporal dynamics in France : implications for outdoor lighting planning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0021.
Full textLight pollution induced by the widespread use of nighttime artificial lighting is a global change affecting substantial part of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. As a result, major concerns have been raised about its hidden impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Light pollution has major impacts on the circadian and seasonal cycles of organisms, and on their movements and spatial distributions. As a whole, light pollution likely disrupts the spatiotemporal dynamics of biological communities and ecosystems. In this context, the aim of this PhD was to characterize the impacts of nighttime artificial lighting on bat activity (order: chiroptera) at multiple spatial scales in order to propose reduction measures that can effectively limit the adverse impacts of light pollution on biodiversity. We used bats as model species as they are nocturnal and directly exposed to light pollution and they are considered to be good indicators of the response of biodiversity to anthropogenic pressure.We first intended to characterize the extent of effect of light pollution at a landscape scale relative to major land-use pressures that are threatening biodiversity worldwide. Using a French national-scale citizen science database, we found that landscape-scale level of light pollution negatively affected common bat species, and that this effect was significantly stronger than the effect of impervious surfaces but weaker than the effect of intensive agriculture. This highlighted the crucial need to account for outdoor lighting in land-use planning in order to restore darkness in human-inhabited landscapes.Thus, through an in situ experiment, we investigated whether i) restoring darkness in a landscape for a part of the night through part-night lighting schemes, or ii) restraining the spatial extent of lighting at the vicinity of natural elements were effective options to enhance dark ecological corridors in human-inhabited landscapes. We found that part-night lighting schemes were unlikely to effectively mitigate the impacts of artificial lighting on light-sensitive species. However, we revealed that streetlights should be separated from ecological corridors by at least 50 m, and that the light trespass should be lower than 0.1 lux to allow their effective use by light-sensitive species.Overall, this PhD thesis revealed the major importance of addressing light pollution issues at multiple spatial scales to characterize its impacts on biodiversity. It also exposed the crucial importance of integrating outdoor lighting in land-use planning strategies and proposed to implement ecological criteria in future European standards for outdoor lighting
M, Sévigny Maude. "Étude de la réception des stratégies de vulgarisation scientifique et de persuasion dans un objectif de sensibilisation et de modification comportementale : le cas de la présentation sur la pollution lumineuse à l'ASTROLab." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9508.
Full textChalléat, Samuel. ""Sauver la nuit" : empreinte lumineuse, urbanisme et gouvernance des territoires." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589614.
Full textAzam, Clémentine. "Impacts of light pollution on bat spatiotemporal dynamics in France : implications for outdoor lighting planning." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0021/document.
Full textLight pollution induced by the widespread use of nighttime artificial lighting is a global change affecting substantial part of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. As a result, major concerns have been raised about its hidden impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Light pollution has major impacts on the circadian and seasonal cycles of organisms, and on their movements and spatial distributions. As a whole, light pollution likely disrupts the spatiotemporal dynamics of biological communities and ecosystems. In this context, the aim of this PhD was to characterize the impacts of nighttime artificial lighting on bat activity (order: chiroptera) at multiple spatial scales in order to propose reduction measures that can effectively limit the adverse impacts of light pollution on biodiversity. We used bats as model species as they are nocturnal and directly exposed to light pollution and they are considered to be good indicators of the response of biodiversity to anthropogenic pressure.We first intended to characterize the extent of effect of light pollution at a landscape scale relative to major land-use pressures that are threatening biodiversity worldwide. Using a French national-scale citizen science database, we found that landscape-scale level of light pollution negatively affected common bat species, and that this effect was significantly stronger than the effect of impervious surfaces but weaker than the effect of intensive agriculture. This highlighted the crucial need to account for outdoor lighting in land-use planning in order to restore darkness in human-inhabited landscapes.Thus, through an in situ experiment, we investigated whether i) restoring darkness in a landscape for a part of the night through part-night lighting schemes, or ii) restraining the spatial extent of lighting at the vicinity of natural elements were effective options to enhance dark ecological corridors in human-inhabited landscapes. We found that part-night lighting schemes were unlikely to effectively mitigate the impacts of artificial lighting on light-sensitive species. However, we revealed that streetlights should be separated from ecological corridors by at least 50 m, and that the light trespass should be lower than 0.1 lux to allow their effective use by light-sensitive species.Overall, this PhD thesis revealed the major importance of addressing light pollution issues at multiple spatial scales to characterize its impacts on biodiversity. It also exposed the crucial importance of integrating outdoor lighting in land-use planning strategies and proposed to implement ecological criteria in future European standards for outdoor lighting
Books on the topic "Pollution lumineuse – Environnement"
Yeren, ed. Ai mei li de hua xian zi: Ren shi guang wu ran. Xianggang: Xin ya wen hua shi ye you xian gong si, 2012.
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