Journal articles on the topic 'Pollution and contamination'
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Samanta, S., V. Kumar, S. K. Nag, K. Saha, Sajina A.M., S. Bhowmick, S. K. Paul, and B. K. Das. "Assessment of heavy metal contaminations in water and sediment of River Godavari, India." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.04.05.
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Abstract The Godavari is the largest river of peninsular India and receives a significant quantity of pollutants from diverse sources, including many industries, urban developments and agricultural fields. Such pollution is more prominent in the upper stretch of the river. This work aimed to assess the water and sediment contaminations of River Godavari for the presence of trace metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn. Samples were collected from 10 sampling stations covering the entire stretch of the river. Sediment pollution characteristics and potential ecological risks were evaluated by calculating contamination factor, degree of contamination, pollution load index, geo-accumulation, and the potential ecological risk index. Pearson's correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to predict the probable sources of heavy metals. The concentrations of studied heavy metals in water were mostly observed below the detection limit using the flame mode of an Atomic Absorption Spectroscope and recorded safe for the biotic community. The mean concentrations of metals in the sediments were calculated and also recorded to be safe with respect to the guideline values of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1999). However, the sampling site-specific calculated contamination factors indicated moderate contamination of some of the stretches as: S1 for the presence of Cu, Mn, Zn; S2 for Cu, Zn; S3 and S4 for Cu; S5 for the dominance of Mn. The rest of the sites were free from sediment metal contaminations. The degree of contamination values specified S2 as moderately contaminated. Pollution load index indicated sites S1 and S2 as contaminated. Both geo-accumulation and potential ecological risk index designated lower levels of pollution in the river owing to sediment metal contaminations. Furthermore, a comparison of the heavy metal concentrations with sediment quality guidelines signified that the heavy metal pollutions (Cu, Cr, Mn and Zn) tend to pose occasional harmful effects on the ecosystem. From Pearson's correlation analysis and principal component analysis, two main sources of metal pollution were predicted. The Cu, Cr and Zn contaminants were mainly derived from human activities and Mn from natural sources as well as human activities.
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Kołacz, Angelika Monika, Monika Wiśnik-Sawka, Mirosław Maziejuk, Marek Natora, Władyslaw Harmata, Paweł Rytel, and Dorota Gajda. "Air Pollution and Radiation Monitoring in Collective Protection Facilities." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 8, 2023): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020706.
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It has become increasingly important to monitor environment contamination by such chemicals as chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and industrial toxic chemicals (TICs), as well as radiation hazards around and inside collective protection facilities. This is especially important given the increased risk of terrorist or military attacks. The Military Institute of Chemistry and Radiometry (MICR) has constructed and developed the ALERT device for the effective monitoring of these threats. This device uses sensors that detect chemical and radiological contaminations in the air. The CWA detector is an ion mobility spectrometer, TICs are detected by electrochemical sensors, and radiation hazards are detected via Geiger–Muller tubes. The system was designed to protect the crew from contamination. When chemical or radioactive contamination is detected at the air inlet for the shelter, air filtration through a carbon filter is activated. At this time, the air test procedure at the filter outlet is started to test the condition of the filter on an ongoing basis. After detecting contamination at the filter outlet, the system turns off the air pumping and the service can start the procedure of replacing the damaged carbon filter. This paper presents the results of laboratory testing of the ALERT gas alarm detector, which showed high measurements for important parameters, including sensitivity, repeatability, accuracy, and speed.
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Lv, Xiao Ming, Xiao Ming Li, and Jing Yong Liu. "Discussion on the Pollution Characteristics in Environmental Monitoring Laboratory and its Corresponding Control Countermeasures." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.945.
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With the continuous improvement of our environmental monitoring system, environmental monitoring laboratory has actually become the typical small pollution sources, which caused very prominent environmental pollutions. However, the pollution problems in the environmental monitoring laboratory are basically in the neglected state and without the standardized management. The paper analyzed the common polluted emissions and characteristics about the process of environmental monitoring in the laboratory. How to reduce laboratory contamination from the sampling, chemical analysis and monitoring processes was discussed. The main pollution problems were caused by the lack of laboratory environmental awareness and the laboratory contamination control at the expense. In conclusion, strengthen the environmental monitoring laboratory management and environmental education, recycling the laboratory waste, separating collection, and treating by different methods are the main ways to solve the pollutions in the Lab. The monitoring departments at all levels must improve its environmental quality in order to reduce the environmental pollutions and make efforts to avoid the pollution of the monitoring laboratory waste.
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Furlow, Bryant. "Mining pollution: a legacy of contamination." Lancet Oncology 15, no. 6 (May 2014): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(14)70157-3.
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Detay, M., E. Alessandrello, P. Come, and I. Groom. "Groundwater contamination and pollution in micronesia." Journal of Hydrology 112, no. 1-2 (December 1989): 149–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(89)90186-8.
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Baudišová, D. "Microbial pollution of water from agriculture." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 10 (October 21, 2009): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/131/2009-pse.
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Microbial contamination of small streams in agricultural areas was monitored for two years. Microbiological indicators of faecal pollution (faecal coliforms, <I>Escherichia coli</I> and intestinal enterococci were detected by standard methods based on the cultivation of bacteria on selective media). The obtained results showed that running contamination of streams from agricultural areas was not extremely high, but it showed marked seasonal fluctuations (the average values and maximal values revealed great differences). Microbial contamination also increased several times in relation to high precipitation. The water quality in three (and/or four) localities exceeded the acceptable counts of faecal coliforms and enterococci given by the Czech legislation (40 CFU/ml for faecal coliforms and 20 CFU/ ml for enterococci). In agriculturally polluted streams, there were detected more enterococci than faecal coliforms, and also some less frequent species related to farm animals (<I>Streptococcus equines</I> and <I>S. bovis</I>) or plant rests (<I>E. mundtii, E. gallinarum, E. casseliflavus</I>) were present. <I>E. faecalis</I> and <I>E. faecium</I> strains (these are the most common species related to human faecal pollution) were less frequent there.
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Panayotova, Marinela, Nikolay Stoyanov, and Svetlana Bratkova. "Review of worldwide experience and the European legislation related to groundwater pollution assessment. Pollution indices and criteria." Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 33, no. 1 (2019): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/igh.33.1.51.
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A brief review of the European legislation related to groundwater protection and the legislation’s transposition in Bulgaria has been made. The existence of the necessary regulatory framework for ensuring groundwater protection has been pointed out. The basic guidance documents that help to meet the requirements set out in the Water Framework Directive and its daughter directives are outlined. The worldwide scientific experience regarding introduction of different indices and criteria for assessing the groundwater pollution is briefly presented and discussed. The outlined indexes and criteria include the contamination factor (Cfi), the degree of contamination (Cd), the modified degree of contamination (mCd), the contamination index (CI), the metal pollution index (MPI), the groundwater risk index (GRID), the pollution load index (PLI), the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), the heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), the Nemerow index (PI), the elemental (metal) contamination index (ECI) and the overall metal contamination index (MCI).
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Na, Jonghyun, Taekseon Ryu, Joonmyoung Kim, Hansuk Kim, Manjae Kwon, and Yongsung Joo. "A Bayesian Spatial Contamination Model." Korean Data Analysis Society 24, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 919–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2022.24.3.919.
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In environmental research, it is often the case that to cluster observations into environmentally polluted and natural groups is an important issue. The Bayesian contamination model which adopts a multivariate mixture regression model has been developed in that it aims to cluster observations and estimate the average amount of pollution. However, because the Bayesian contamination model does not take spatial correlations between observations into consideration, a Bayesian spatial contamination model is proposed. A simulation study was conducted showing that the proposed model has an advantage over the Bayesian contamination model in terms of biases and RMSE of estimators of the logistic regression parameters. We applied the proposed model into environmental data and confirmed the improvement on the model fit. Also, the clustering was reasonably performed from the environmental perspective, which was coherent with the fact that the underground water flows from the southwest side to the northeast side. This model is expected to be utilized effectively to monitor the quality of a ground or groundwater and capture the heterogeneity in it which is suspected of environmental pollution especially when the interested site consists of areas with strong spatial dependency.
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OLU, Joshua, Hajara Oyiza YUSUF, Charity Irekpita AKHIGBE, and Oluchi Cynthia ABIAMERE. "Heavy metal contamination, pollution indices and health risk assessment of soil around an asphalt production company in Badagry, Lagos, Nigeria." Environmental Studies Journal 1, no. 1 (February 10, 2022): 14–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/esj/2202.10.0120.
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In the environment, heavy metal contamination tends to be ecologically important considering its toxicity and pollution of the soil. It constitutes some levels of risks and hazards to humans and the ecosystem. This study assessed the heavy metal contamination, pollution indices and associated health risk of soil around an asphalt production company. A total of 13 soil samples were obtained around asphalt plant. The heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co) and zinc (Zn) were analyzed. Also determined were the contamination factor (CF), cancer risk (CR), degree of contamination (DC), ecological risk index (ERI), Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), hazard index (HI), lifetime cancer risk (LCR), Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI), pollution load index (PLI), pollution index (PI) and target hazard quotient (THQ), and they were used in estimating pollution and health risk. The ranges of Cd, Pb, Co, Fe and Zn in the samples were: 0.006-0.11, 0.09-0.34, 0.06-0.22, 0.09-184.41 and 0.39-3.15 mg/kg respectively. The Igeo, CF, ERI, PLI, DC, NIPI and PI values of the metals were within uncontaminated level. The metals THQ and HI values were lesser than the projected limit for both adults and children. The soils’ Co, Cd and Pb did not exceed tolerable CR and LCR value of 1.0×10-4. It could be suggested that the Asphalt production company activities is not contaminating the soil around them.
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Jurado, Washington Castillo, and Miguel Castro Fernández. "The Method of the Equivalent Deposit of Deposited Salt (DESD) to Determine the Contamination of the Insulation of Electric Lines in Areas of Manabita Region." NeuroQuantology 20, no. 4 (April 13, 2022): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.4.nq22102.
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The present work is related to the quantitative determination of the environmental contamination that affects the insulators in the subtransmission electrical networks existing between the cities of Montecristi and Manta. This area is the one with the largest industrial settlement, in addition to the proximity to the sea and other road development activities that contribute to contaminating the insulators of the 69, 138 and 230 kV lines causing interruptions in the supply of electricity to various sectors of the city of Manta. That is, the types of pollution known as industrial pollution, marine pollution, desert pollution and other types of pollution that are generated by industries near the sea converge. The results of this research work ended, being able to determine the levels of contamination by means of the Equivalent Deposit of Deposited Salt (DESD) method after 12 months of monitoring of the control insulators. This method consists of obtaining the level of environmental contamination in milligrams of NaCl, capable of forming a solution whose electrical conductivity is equal to that obtained from the solution composed of the contaminant deposited on the insulator and a volume of low conductivity water used. To remove the contaminant on the insulator surface.
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Zhang, Wei, Shao Gang Dong, Ding Ding Wu, and Ling Feng Zhang. "The Summary of Groundwater Contamination." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2355.
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Groundwater is widely distributed and stability changed.It is the ideal drinking water with good quality and easy application.As well as, it is an important water supply source of the life, industry and agriculture.However, groundwater pollution can't be ignored in China.In this paper, groundwater pollution,groundwater vulnerability evaluation and groundwater water pollution remediation technologies are reviewed through reading a lot of theses in China and other countries. The groundwater vulnerability evaluation of DRASTIC and based on the GIS technology are mainly introduced. According to the evaluation results, appropriate pollution remediation technologies are taken, so as to protect and repair groundwater. I hope this paper can provide some theoretical suggestions for the sustainable development of groundwater in China.
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Kanfi, Yacov. "GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION BY OIL IN ISRAEL'S COASTAL PLAIN AQUIFER." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-395.
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ABSTRACT Improper drainage management in handling kerosene for a period of over 30 years has resulted in severe groundwater pollution in the southern coastal plain aquifer of Israel. Oil that had drained via open trenches infiltrated at one point to a depth of 43 meters (m), polluting the unsaturated zone, accumulating as a lens above the water table. Investigations of the extent of the pollution were based on research wells dug to a depth of 53 m, which enabled a partial mapping of the boundaries of the contaminated area, including its dimensions in both the aquifer and the unsaturated zone. A direct relation was discovered between one of the pollution sources and the oil lens found above groundwater. Field observations have enabled monitoring of variations in the lens's configuration and location within the aquifer and identification of factors that may have caused these variations. A historical reconstruction of the pollution process revealed that oil reached the groundwater and accumulated in a lens of tens of centimeters in thickness many years before oil was found in water pumped from a pumping well in the region.
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Wang, Wei-hong, Xue-gang Luo, Zhe Wang, Yu Zeng, Feng-qiang Wu, and Zhong-xiang Li. "Heavy Metal and Metalloid Contamination Assessments of Soil around an Abandoned Uranium Tailings Pond and the Contaminations’ Spatial Distribution and Variability." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 2401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112401.
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To investigate the heavy metal and metalloid contamination of soil around a Huanan uranium tailings pond, abandoned in 1998, we defined a study area of 41.25 km2 by a natural boundary and targeted 5 elements’ (U, Mn, As, Pb, Cr) single contamination and comprehensive pollution as the assessment contents. First, we collected 205 samples and evaluated them with the contamination factor (CF) method aiming at judging whether the single target element concentration exceeded the local background value and environmental quality standard. We obtained CF1 (the background value of a certain target element as the baseline value) and CF2 (the environmental quality standard for soils as the baseline value). Second, we evaluated the ecological risk of the key pollutant U with the risk assessment code (RAC) method, taking the 27 samples whose CF2 > 1 as examples and concluded that the environmental risk of U was relatively high and should arouse concern. Third, we selected comprehensive pollution index (CPI) to assess the compound pollution degree of five target elements. Fourth, we constructed the U contamination and CPI’s continuous distribution maps with spatial interpolation, from which we worked out the sizes and positions of slightly, moderately and strongly polluted zones. Finally, we analyzed the spatial variability of U and CPI with the aid of a geostatistical variogram. We deduced that the spatial variation of uranium was in close relationship with local topography, and probably precipitation was the driving force of U contamination diffusion, whereas CPI exhibited weak spatial dependence with random characteristics. The above work showed that 3.14 km2 soil near the pond was fairly seriously polluted, and the other 4 elements’ single contaminations were less serious, but the 5 target elements’ cumulative pollution could not be ignored; there were other potential pollution sources besides the uranium tailings pond. Some emergency measures should be taken to treat U pollution, and bioremediation is recommended, taking account into U’s high bioavailability. Further, special alerts should be implemented to identify the other pollution sources.
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Khomutinin, Y., О. Glukhovsky, V. Protsak, V. Kashparov, S. Levchuk, and V. Pavliuchenko. "Cartographing of "spots" of radioactive pollution." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 2(78) (June 7, 2018): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2018.2(78).08.
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The methodology was proposed and the algorithm was developed for mapping and delineating the "spots" of radioactive contamination territory by the 137Cs. The methodology is based on the principle of multi-stage (successive approximations) widely used in geological surveys. Herewith, the 137Cs contamination density at each point is considered as a random variable with a lognormal probability distribution. The implementation of the algorithm is based on optimization of the number of sampling points necessary for estimating the density of soil contamination with a given relative error at the identification of a "spot" of contamination. The results of testing the algorithm confirmed the effectiveness and stability of its operation, as well as the simplicity of practical application. The proposed methodology makes it possible to substantially minimize the costs of field work for sampling soil and measuring the content of radionuclides in them.
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Králiková, Ružena, and Miriam Andrejiová. "Analyse of Agricultural Soil Heavy Metals Pollution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 1201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.1201.
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Soil represents a decisive natural resource and economic and eco-social potential of the every country. Soil pollution is one of the biggest environmental problems. Contamination in the soil environment has a significant impact on the use of land resources and can cause high levels of exposure for people living near the site of contamination. Therefore, the risk elements soil pollution assessment is one of the most important resources for comprehensive evaluation of contaminated areas.The paper investigates the degree of heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil in selected Slovakian districts over a monitored period of time. Selected multidimensional statistical methods were applied to analyse and evaluate the degree of soil contamination.
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Lee, Junho, Kyungsoo Han, Dongmyung Kim, and Taeyoon Lee. "Pollution Intensity Assessment of Sediments Obtained Near Ieodo Ocean Research Station Using Pollution Index for Heavy Metals." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.3.131.
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Objectives:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the heavy metal contamination level by analyzing heavy metals in sediments near Ieodo ocean research station located in southwestern Jeju Island. Methods:Sixteen sediments samples were collected from Ieodo ocean research station, and two and three sediment samples were collected from the southwestern region and between Ieodo and Jeju Island. These samples were used for heavy metal content analysis according to the marine pollution process test method, and contamination level of sediments was calculated using the measured heavy metal concentration. Results and Discussion:All heavy metals except Ni were evaluated as non-contamination level, and Ni was found to have high pollution level. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency guideline, samples 6, 9, 15, and 22 were classified as severe contamination, and according to the geoaccumulation index, samples 15 and 22 were classified as slightly contaminated for Ni. When classified by the Enrichment factor value, Ni contamination was categorized as moderately severe enrichment for samples 15 and 22. Using the potential ecological risk factor value, the ecological risks of the heavy metals in all samples were classified as low risk. The mean PEL quotient value for all six heavy metals in samples was a maximum of 0.60, indicating a 21% probability of toxicity for heavy metals in all samples.Conclusions:It was confirmed that there was no contamination by Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn, but contamination by Ni was found to be a serious level. Compared with previous studies, the concentration of Ni in the Ieodo was found to be high, which may be due to the inflow of ocean research station or the Yangzu river runoff in China.
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Afonne, Onyenmechi Johnson, Jane Ugochi Chukwuka, Emeka Chinedu Ifediba, and Ejeatuluchukwu Obi. "Pollution indices of heavy metal contaminants in typical agrarian soil samples in Ihiala, South-East Nigeria." Health and Environment 3, no. 1 (2022): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/he.2022.01.005.
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The contamination of soil with toxic metals poses serious threats to the survival of living organisms including humans. We determined the contamination levels of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) in soil samples from a typical agrarian soil in Nigeria, using various single and complex geochemical indices along with principal component analysis (PCA) for source determination. Ten soil samples (S1-S10) were collected from depths of 20 cm, with a clean shovel and brush from farmlands in Ihiala, South-East Nigeria. Three single pollution indices: geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution index (PI) and ecological risk index (Er), as well as four complex indices: pollution load index (PLI), Nemerow pollution index (PINemerow), average single pollution index (PIave) and Potential ecological risk (RI) were used for the geochemical analysis. The mean soil levels of Cd (1.94ppm) and Pb (60.83ppm) exceeded their corresponding world averages. The results of the single pollution indices of the soil samples revealed heavy Cd, moderate Pb and low Ni, Cr and Cu contaminations, while the PIavg, PINemerow and RI graded the soil samples as moderately to seriously polluted. The correlation analysis revealed that the general contamination was mostly contributed by Cd and partly by Cr. The findings showed that Cd and Pb were the main heavy metal soil contaminants in the area. The levels of toxic metals found in the soils could pose health and ecological risks. The probable sources of these metals include pesticides use and poor waste disposal systems.
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Belyakova, Renata. "Based Air Pollution Monitoring System based on Artificial Neural Networks in Industrial Areas." Pollution Engineering 49, no. 3 (October 26, 2020): 03–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pe.v49i3.31.
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Since quite a few years, mechanical contamination and particularly air contamination get a significant enthusiasm because of the way that ventures are an ever increasing number of poisons. On account of the advancement of numerous expectation methods, researchers and industrials give more significance to contamination forecast. The forecast of mechanical air contaminations fixations permits taking preventive estimates, for example, lessening toxin emanation in the climate. The point of this work is to foresee the toxins fixation in mechanical destinations by the utilization of a non-linear auto-regressive representation based ANN. Scientific models for expectation of air poison echelon are considered. The primary objective of the representation is the expectation, based on both the meteorological estimating and the creation strategy, of poison levels, has been thought of. The incorporation of this model in an emanation control plan may speak to a helpful way to deal with the air quality issue. Record used to prepare the neural system relates to verifiable time arrangement of meteorological factors and convergences of poisons in the mechanical zones.
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Ikoko, I. L., C. I. Osu, and M. Horsfall. "Contamination and Pollution Studies of Heavy Metals in Sand Filter Media Waste Dumpsite in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 4 (May 22, 2020): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i4.6.
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The contamination and pollution level of five Heavy Metals in spent Sand Filter Media [SFM] waste dumpsite was investigated to ascertain the contamination, pollution and possible migration in that environment. Samples were collected at the surface, 0.1m depth and 100m away from the dumpsite and analysed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) for concentration of Cr, Fe, Mn. Ni and Pb ions. Geochemical Pollution Indices were used to evaluate the contamination and pollution level of the HMs comparatively using the world shale average values and the experimental control value. Results obtained showed highest concentration of 12.50mg/kg for Fe and lowest detectable concentration of 0.2mg/kg for Ni at the top of the dumpsite. All five heavy metals had low concentrations compared to WHO and national standards for soil qualityboth at the top and 0.1m depth of the dumpsite. Percentage concentrations of the heavy metals at the top showed 78.81, 12.04, 7.88, 1.26% in the order Fe >>> Cr > Mn > Ni > Pb with the values of Ni and Cr at 0.1m depth slightly higher indicating some level of migration. Contamination Factor Cf, depicts very severe contamination to slight pollution at the top with minimum of 0.714 and maximum of 1.471. Degree of Contamination Cd, of <8 and Modified Degree of Contamination mCd <1.5 showed low contamination. The pollution load index, PLI values of < 50 depicts that no drastic rectification measure was needed which concludes that the SFM dumpsite was contaminated but technically not polluted.
Keywords: Surface mobility, Yenagoa, heavy metal contamination, Pollution indices, Bayelsa State
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Kasperek, Robert, Marian Mokwa, and Mirosław Wiatkowski. "Modelling of Pollution Transport with Sediment on the Example of the Widawa River." Archives of Environmental Protection 39, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aep-2013-0017.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the contamination transport condition with sediment in the Widawa River, which inflows to the Odra River below Wrocław city. The transport simulations have been performed by means of HEC-RAS model, which was calibrated. Study and geochemical analyses indicate that pollutions are cumulated mainly in sediment of grain size, less than 0,20 mm. It was stated that the main sources of contaminations occurring in the Widawa River bottoms are: superficial run-off, municipal and industrial wastes. Sediment bed quality from the Widawa River in selected cross-sections has been analyzed. Samples of suspended load were collected and divided into eight fractions, for which the phosphorus concentration P was calculated. Deposit particles less than 0,20 mm contained most phosphorus, i.e. 73% (3,52 ppm), and particles greater than 0,20 mm about 27% (1,30 ppm) for the whole sample volume. Relationship between the phosphorus concentration P and the sediment grain size was determined. Analysis showed that the initiation of contamination-sediment suspension in the Widawa River is well described by Engelund criterion. Simulations of the migration of pollutions together with deposits in the Widawa River showed that during average flow discharge, the transport intensity of pollution was equal 2 mg/s, and sediments 6 kg/s. In the present work the water quality of the Widawa River has been also presented.
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Farget1, Doris. "Colonialisme et pollution environnementale." Criminologie 49, no. 2 (December 19, 2016): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1038418ar.
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Sachant que la contamination de l’environnement altère, limite ou élimine l’accès à certains domaines utilisés ou revendiqués par des peuples autochtones, notamment le territoire, la faune et la flore, quels sont les effets de la pollution de l’environnement sur les droits de ces peuples ? Dans le cadre de cet article, nous soutenons l’idée selon laquelle les effets de la pollution environnementale prolongent ou reproduisent ceux du colonialisme sur le plan des droits reconnus et de la normativité autochtone. C’est à travers cette lunette que nous analysons l’exercice ou l’accès à certains droits reconnus aux peuples autochtones dans un contexte de contamination environnementale, puis que nous analysons le type d’effet que celle-ci produit.
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El Ghizi, Sara, Sliman Hssaissoune, Mohammed El Bouch, Mohamed Sadik, and Mustapha Hasnaoui. "Metallic trace elements contained in the sediments of Dayet Er-Roumi Lake (Morocco)." E3S Web of Conferences 298 (2021): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129805004.
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The contamination of aquatic ecosystems with metals remains a serious environmental problem of growing concern. Sediments are often studied as reservoirs or wells for many chemical pollutants. They are micropollutant traps; they also indicate the watercourse's historical pollution, lagoons, and lakes…Lake Dayet Er-Roumi (SIBE) is the only permanent natural lake in the Khemisset region (Morocco); this wetland is affected by several forms of pollution that are mainly linked to human activities (agricultural, domestic, industrial, etc.). The objective of our study is to contribute, through qualitative and quantitative analysis, to the assessment of lake sediment pollution by Spatio-temporal monitoring of certain toxic heavy metals such as Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd. These sediments are collected on the level of the lake's surface; the concentration of heavy metals was measured by microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscope (MP-AES). Metal analyses carried out at three measuring points during the winter season reveal a high concentration of Zn, Cr, and Mn at all stations during the winter season, which far exceeds the recommended standards, with a low level of Cd. The contamination factor "FC" and the degree of contamination "DC" reveal polymetallic contaminations dominated by two elements, zinc, and Chromium, which are the most worrying. These results clearly show that lake Dayet Er-Roumi is polluted; strategies to limit the lake's pollution must be implemented to avoid several ecological problems (fish mortality, etc.).
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Rahman, Alexandre. "How to Remediate Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil?" Science Insights 41, no. 4 (September 30, 2022): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re082.
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The issue of heavy metal soil pollution has risen to the forefront. In addition to harming the pedosphere as a whole, soil pollution also has an impact on other significant sectors, such as air and water pollution. The two primary categories of pollution sources are natural sources and man-made sources. Mainly Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, and other heavy metals are involved. The safety of agricultural products and the proper growth of people are of utmost importance. Thus, the origins of soil heavy metal pollution, the state of soil remediation research, and the development of soil heavy metal pollution remediation technology are all covered in this review. The technologies currently employed in soil heavy metal pollution remediation primarily include physical remediation, chemical restoration, bioremediation, agroecological restoration, and joint restoration. These methods are described, along with the conditions under which they can be used, application examples, and an analysis of their benefits and drawbacks. The most popular restoration technique is bioremediation.
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BERINDE, ZOITA MARIOARA, ANGELA MARIANA MICHNEA, ANAMARIA GAVRA, and GHEORGHE ARDELEAN. "A mathematical model for the study of contamination of honey with lead and cadmium in Baia Mare area." Creative Mathematics and Informatics 23, no. 1 (2014): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/cmi.2014.01.02.
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Eleven samples of honey collected from different locations spread in the Baia Mare area and situated at various distances from the pollution source, the company Romplumb S.A. (while it has been in operation and after its closure in January 2012) were studied to determine the presence of the Pb and Cd by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. It has been found that the concentration of lead and cadmium is generally correlated with the degree of pollution of the environment with these heavy metals, as well as with the distances from the pollution source and the directions of circulation of the contaminated air. In order to characterize the contamination of honey we introduced the index of contamination (IC) that shows a medium contamination for Pb and weak contamination for Cd in the period the pollution source was active and a weak contamination for Pb and no contamination for Cd after the closure of the metallurgical plant. We obtained a mathematical model representing the concentration of Pb in honey with respect to the geographical position in case the air was also contaminated with Pb, and showing more clearly the influence of air flows on the contamination of honey.
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Majdan, R., Z. Tkáč, B. Stančík, R. Abrahám, I. Štulajter, P. Ševčík, and M. Rášo. "Elimination of ecological fluids contamination in agricultural tractors." Research in Agricultural Engineering 60, Special Issue (December 30, 2014): S9—S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/27/2013-rae.
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This contribution presents the elimination of pollution for ecological fluids of UTTO (universal tractor transmission oils) type in agricultural tractors. The common oil filling of the transmission and hydraulic system is polluted by residues of old fillings from attachments such as ploughs, trailers, etc. In the tractor Zetor Forterra 114 41, a newly developed synthetic ecological fluid HEPR (VDMA 24568) was applied. The oil showed pollution limits after completing 900 engine hours. For this reason, a filtration device was designed to clean mainly biodegradable fluids UTTO. On the basis of fluid application evaluation and performed filtration, it can be concluded that a simple and affordable filtration system reduces the concentration of the most dangerous contamination particles (particles lager than 14 μm) by up to 30%.
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Oostveen, Eef van. "Water Pollution scrutinize and forecasting Approach based on the application of 3s technique." Pollution Engineering 51, no. 4 (October 26, 2020): 03–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pe.v51i4.63.
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With the inexorably unmistakable of the water contamination issue and fast improvement of the 3S procedure, the observing and anticipating of water contamination framework join with 3S gets conceivable. Water contamination organize has been produced for a long time, however is constrained to the investigation of patterns as opposed to making precise transient figures. A significant boundary to water contamination determining is the absence of an effective framework for water contamination observing. Conventional water contamination examining is tedious, costly, and must be taken for little sizes. 3S procedure gives another method to screen water contamination monotonously for an enormous zone. Also, it tends to be constant observing and anticipating. The created determining framework is intended to anticipate water contamination factors utilizing distant detecting information as a contribution to instate and refresh water contamination conditions.
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Grbčić, Luka, Ivana Lučin, Lado Kranjčević, and Siniša Družeta. "Water supply network pollution source identification by random forest algorithm." Journal of Hydroinformatics 22, no. 6 (September 15, 2020): 1521–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2020.042.
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Abstract A novel approach for identifying the source of contamination in a water supply network based on the random forest classifying algorithm is presented in this paper. The proposed method is tested on two different water distribution benchmark networks with different sensor placements. For each considered network, a considerable amount of contamination scenarios with randomly selected contamination parameters were simulated and water quality time series of network sensors were obtained. Pollution scenarios were defined by randomly generated pollution source location, pollution starting time, duration of injection and the chemical intensity of the pollutant. Sensor layout's influence, demand uncertainty and imperfect sensor measurements were also investigated to verify the robustness of the method. The proposed approach shows high accuracy in localizing the potential sources of pollution, thus greatly reducing the complexity of the water supply network contamination detection problem.
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O'Carroll, Kevin. "Shellfish contamination." Marine Pollution Bulletin 18, no. 4 (April 1987): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(87)90225-6.
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Pei, Jia Pei, Zhang Tai, Shi Xiao Shuang, Xia Bin Yu, and Liu Ran. "Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Analysis of City Surface Based on Neural Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 947–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.947.
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Identified the urban soil has heavy metal pollution degree and the cause of the contamination of the overall analysis system. Through the mat lab software to realize pollution degree distribution visualization, use numerous evaluation pollution degree synthetic index methods, and then the reference neural network building the knowledge about the cause of the contamination analysis to determine the mechanism of the main causes of the pollution.
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Xiong, Yanna, Jingchao Liu, Wenchao Yuan, Weijiang Liu, Shaobing Ma, Zhiyu Wang, Tongtong Li, Yanwei Wang, and Jin Wu. "Groundwater Contamination Risk Assessment Based on Groundwater Vulnerability and Pollution Loading: A Case Study of Typical Karst Areas in China." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 9898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169898.
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Groundwater contamination risk assessment is an important basis to support the protection of the groundwater ecological environment. In this research, the groundwater contamination risk in typical karst areas in China was evaluated by PLEIK model (P: protective cover; L: land use; E: epikarst development; I: infiltration conditions; K: karst development) and classification and discrimination methods were used to assess groundwater vulnerability and pollution source load; the water quality index method was used to assess the status of groundwater contamination in the research area. The results show that groundwater vulnerability values in the research area range from 3.04 to 7.79, and most areas have low groundwater vulnerability. Groundwater pollution loading indexes, in the region of the pollution sources, gathered numerical up-water quality status evaluation that shows that most of the regional groundwater quality in the research area has good groundwater at present. The groundwater contamination risk assessment results show that the groundwater pollution risk is mainly at a very low level in most areas of the study area, but the groundwater pollution risk is higher in the areas where the pollution sources gather. The result reveals that the regional groundwater contamination risk level for regional groundwater ecological environment protection provides a theoretical basis for policy making.
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Byamukama, Dennis, Frank Kansiime, Robert L. Mach, and Andreas H. Farnleitner. "Determination of Escherichia coli Contamination with Chromocult Coliform Agar Showed a High Level of Discrimination Efficiency for Differing Fecal Pollution Levels in Tropical Waters of Kampala, Uganda." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.2.864-868.2000.
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ABSTRACT Escherichia coli, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and sulfite-reducing anaerobic spore formers from different polluted sites in a tropical environment were determined in order to test for their indication ability for fecal contamination. Quantification of E. coli contamination with Chromocult coliform agar proved to be efficient and feasible for determining fecal pollutions in the investigated area within 24 h. The other microbial parameters showed a lower ability to differentiate sites and cannot be recommended for monitoring fecal pollution in the studied tropical surface waters.
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Miao, Rui Qi, Yong Feng Yan, Yan Bai, and Ao Deng. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil in Kunming." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.774.
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With the analyses of eight different heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn)’ contents and distributions in the topsoil of Kunming City, the results show that the average concentrations of these eight elements in the topsoil of Kunming City were much higher than the background concentrations in soil in China, and the pollution assessments with the Single factor index method and Nemerow Pollution Index method, the result shows that in Kunming City, the Xishan District and Wuhua District exist a certain degree of heavy metal pollution problem of soil, but the soil environment qualities of Panlong District and Guandu District are better than other districts; analyze the causation of heavy metal pollution of soil with the elements data and current situation of Kunming City, the heavy metal pollution sources mainly from industrial pollution and traffic pollution.
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Sebastiani, Bartolomeo, and Stefano Falcinelli. "Contamination of Plants from Amazonia by Environmental Pollution." Environments 5, no. 3 (February 26, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments5030033.
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Pejtersen, Jan. "Sensory Pollution and Microbial Contamination of Ventilation Filters." Indoor Air 6, no. 4 (December 1996): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1996.00003.x.
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Anderson, Glen D., James J. Opaluch, and W. Michael Sullivan. "Nonpoint Agricultural Pollution: Pesticide Contamination of Groundwater Supplies." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 67, no. 5 (December 1985): 1238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1241408.
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Hà, Thìn. "Forecasting Approach for Water Pollution Based on Markov Forecast Model." Pollution Engineering 52, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 05–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pe.v52i1.38.
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The time scale-arrangement gauging of water contamination is significant and troublesome issue of water contamination organize framework. The time-arrangement information of water contamination is tremendous, high-dimension and non-linear, data removal of it is troublesome. To understand the information digging and gauging for arrangement information of water contamination effectively, an enhanced expectation replica dependent on the smallest amount squares bolster vector engine is introduced in this magazine. To lessen the element of tests, the bit head segment investigation technique is utilized to remove the element data, which contains the vital parts of tests. At that point applying the unascertained thorough assessment technique and Markov estimate to the water value assessment, it defeats not just the vulnerability and arbitrariness in the water quality framework, yet in addition the irregularity of weight assurance, since it utilizes the credit progressive strategy to decide weight of each contamination factor impartially. At that point, through the checking information computation shows the gauge model is exact, yet in addition the outcome is logical and sensible, in view of the use of un-ascertained science strategy. The request model shows that this representation acquires acceptable outcomes, and gives a method of water superiorityestimate. At last, the proposed expectation model is applied in water contamination time-arrangement information determining tests. The exploratory outcomes show that the proposed approach has some preferred exhibitions over the overall techniques, for example, the great prescient precision and solidness in the time-arrangement estimating of water contamination.
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Amal H Al-Bagawi, Dorsaf Mansour, and Shomokh AM Aljabri. "Trace metals assessment in agricultural soil and irrigation water at hail region Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Frontline Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy 1, no. 1 (July 30, 2022): 021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56355/ijfrcp.2022.1.1.0004.
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The suitability of agricultural soil and irrigation water depends on the presence of trace metals; the aim of the present work is to assessment of the trace metals at Hail region using analytical techniques. The metal contaminations levels were determined using ICP-MS and flame photometer. The result obtained were compared to the standard samples suitable for agricultural and it was in the suitable range. The geo-accumulation (I-geo), single pollution, Nemerow pollution indices showed that the Se pollution intensity was significant for agricultural soils. I-geo values revealed no real sign of contamination with almost all the samples, reflecting a lack of contamination for all elements except Zn. While the enrichment factor (EF) for Fe was less than 2 suggested that the elements come entirely from crustal materials or natural processes. The study showed considerable variation in the levels of the analyzed elements in the soil samples. The total metal concentrations in the soil samples ordered as follows: Na > K > Fe > Mn > Zn > Ba > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd > As.
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Lodge, James P. "Toxic contamination in large lakes." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 22, no. 9 (January 1988): 2072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(88)90115-1.
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GUSEV, Alexey S., Yuri L. BAYKIN, Nadezhda V. VASHUKEVICH, and Alexey A. BELICHEV. "Zone of Technogenic Pollution of the Pervouralsk-Revda Industrial Hub: Soil Assessment and Land Use Issues." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 11, no. 5 (August 27, 2020): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v11.5(45).03.
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The influence of heavy metals pollution of soils and lands in the zone of metallurgical plants influence in the Sverdlovsk region (Russia) was analyzed. Sredneuralsk Copper Smelting Plant (SUMZ) is an environmental polluter with copper, lead, zinc, cadmium and sulfur oxides, nitrogen and hydrogen fluoride. Pervouralsk plant for production of chromium-containing materials ("Crompick") generates emissions of chromium compounds and other heavy metals. Environmental risk was assessed using the Zc pollution index adopted by the Russian regulations and the soil buffering index to heavy metals. The data on the reaction of different organization-levelled bioindicators in the system “polluted soil-biota” is given. The materials obtained during assessment of the arable soils contamination in the zone of Pervouralsk-Revda industrial hub showed that the levels of concentration of heavy metals in soils to a large extent correlated with both the composition of industrial emissions and the range of sampling from pollution sources. The maximum level of contamination (Zc index 263-546) was detected in arable soils at a distance of 1.5 km from the SUMZ. The "Crompick" enterprise has a less significant identified impact on the contamination of arable soils. “Extremely dangerous” soil contaminations (index Zc 134) were detected only at a distance of 0.5 km from it. The results of our model experiments allowed us to conclude that the safest level of pollution, when the critical concentration of heavy metals does not accumulate in plants, is the Zc index value below 12. In accordance with the current level of pollution in the survey area, restrictions on the main land use categories were proposed.
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Phan, Lào. "Water Pollution foundation Detection and Localization Based on Wireless Sensor Networks." Pollution Engineering 50, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pe.v50i1.35.
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Water contamination cause recognition is the prerequisite of water contamination foundation restriction. In belowmagazine, the resource identification issues of the system are proposed. To take care of the identification issues of static and dynamic contamination cause, the speculation investigation technique is applied. To make up the deficiencies of the smutty contamination source confinement calculation and the restriction techniques dependent on the dispersion models in water, a contamination source limitation calculation dependent on focus form is likewise projected. In the strategy for recognition, the related parallel theories, test measurements and the particular assessment strategies are given. In recreation analyzes, the source discovery strategies are tried. In strategy for restriction, the area of the source is gotten by the mathematical design highlight of the form. The outcomes show that the exhibition of the proposed calculation is better than different strategies when the focus shape is axis-symmetric. What's more, in contamination source location of the hub if the quantity of tests can be guaranteed, the less perception times might be more useful to get high discovery precision.
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Dragon, Krzysztof. "Impact of human activity on groundwater chemistry (Wielkopolska region, Poland)." Baltica 29, no. 2 (December 25, 2016): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2016.29.08.
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The article identifies the effects of human activity on groundwater chemistry in the regional aquifer system located in the Wielkopolska region (western Poland). It was documented using statistical methods, that the main process influencing the groundwater chemistry is connected to contamination. The impact of contamination is evident in regions without sewers and where the aquitard is relative thin. Chloride and sulphatewere found most influenced by pollution from surface sources. Total hardness is also sensitive, but its behavior is controlled by geogenic processes as well. Factor analyses are a reliable tool for recognizing contamination’s impact on groundwater chemistry, especially for cases with a relatively low contamination level, when contamination is related to natural occurring water components. This research is important for implementing groundwater protection plans at the regional scale. These interpretations may be used to manage water resources better at the regional scale.
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IT, Aighewi. "Heavy Metal Contamination of Otofure Dumpsite Environment near Benin City Edo, Nigeria." Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics 2, no. 2 (2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000120.
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This study characteriz ed some indices of heavy metals in the soils of Otofure waste dumpsite environment near Benin City, Edo State in Southern Nigeria, in order to ascertain the level of heavy metal contamination of one of the several sites receiving municipal solid wastes dai ly. Six samples were collected at the dumpsite (DS) and the adjoining upland positions (US). The samples were air - dried, crushed and sieved through a 2mm sieve and pre - treated using standard methods before determining the h eavy metal concentrations in Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Bulk Scientific 210 VGP) according to the method of the Association of Analytical Chemists. Various pollution indexes were computed using the analytical data obtained. The computed Enrichment factor (EF) showed that Mn. Fe, and cu had no enrichment at the top and subsurface of the dumpsite. However, there was a significant Zn enrichment and enrichment with Ni and V at the topsoil; and Extreme enrichment with Cr, Cd, and lead of the soil at the dumpsite. Also, the soil Co ntamination factor (CF) indicated a moderate contamination of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu), Very High contamination of zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V). Pollution Load Index (PLI) showed that Otof ure dumpsite is heavily polluted (PLI > 1) by heavy metals in general. Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) showed that soils of Otofure dumpsite were unpolluted to moderately polluted for manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu), heavily polluted for zinc (Zn), Heavily to Extremely polluted for chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni), and Extremely polluted for chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and vanadium (V). The potential ecological risk index (PERI) showed slight pollution for manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), a very strong pollution for chromium (Cr), and an extremely strong pollution for lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd). The risk index (RI) for Otofure dumpsite indicated a very strong risk or level D pollution for the higher elevat ion around the Otofure dumpsite environment that could pose human health risks if crops from that environment is ingested. This result thus suggest the need for a gradual shift from surface municipal waste dumping of solid wastes to well - engineered and man aged recycling/sanitary landfill in Edo State and Nigeria in order to prevent heavy metal pollution of lands and possibly groundwater where shallow aquifers exist.
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Sviashchennikov, Pavel N., Boris V. Ivanov, and Irina A. Govorina. "Environmental pollution impact on radiation properties of atmosphere, snow and ice cover: Study from Barentsburg (Spitsbergen Archipelago)." Czech Polar Reports 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2014-2-18.
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The value of the albedo of snow and ice surface is associated with the texture and structure of the surface layer of snow or ice (sea ice, glaciers), the peculiarities of the vertical redistribution of contaminations in this layer (mineral or organic particles of various concentrations, the size and shape), temperature regime of the surface layer of the atmosphere. Identifying links with the albedo characteristics of natural and artificial contamination is very important. For example, the results of mathematic modeling the evolution of ice sheets, sea ice and snow cover demonstrate the high sensitivity of the model to this parameter. Original results in the framework of this problem were obtained by researches from AARI and St. Petersburg State University during the 2010-2012 years on Svalbard in the vicinity of the Russian mining settlement Barentsburg. We present original results showing the relationship of "albedo-contaminations" and the influence of anthropogenic factors. The estimation of solar radiation that penetrates deep into the snow, and the impact of contamination on its redistribution in the snow thickness were obtained.
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Saha, Subrota Kumar, Md Yousuf Gazi, Mahir Tajwar, and Suzal Kumar. "Soil Contamination Assessment by Trace Elements in Barapukuria Coal Mine Region, Bangladesh." Environmental and Earth Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/eesrj.080101.
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Coal mining areas in Bangladesh are exposing to extreme environmental problems due to the mobilization of heavy metals in the surrounding region. To assess the persisting risk, several soil samples were collected from the nearby coal mine areas. The amount of pollution of heavy metal has been calculated to determine the extent of the contamination. Soil contamination assessment was carried out using pollution evaluation indices such as heavy metal pollution index (HPI), the degree of contamination (Cd), and the contamination factor (CF). The concentration of S, As, Ba and, F exceeded the maximum concentration level in some soil samples. The HPI and the Cd yield similar results. The CF shows strong similarities with the Cd and gives a better evaluation of pollution levels. HPI indicates that about 71.42% of samples exceed the high level. Cd and CF show that about 71.42% sample is highly contaminated by trace element and 14.28% sample is highly contaminated by S, Cl, and F. Based on radioactive element analysis about 14.28% samples show medium contamination level. The findings of this research help us to assess the level of soil contamination and the extent of environmental and health concerns in the region of the Barapukuria coal mine.
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Efremova, Saniia, Ekaterina Parfenova, and Aleksei Bodrov. "Environmental hazard of soil contamination by heavy metals." E3S Web of Conferences 208 (2020): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020801021.
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Pollution of the natural environment of the city with heavy metals (HM) from various sources receives much attention. They accumulate, exceeding the background level, cause pollution of the surface of the soil cover, vegetation, natural waters. It should be noted that their accumulation turns soils into a source of secondary pollution of natural environments and poses a threat to human health. In this regard, the monitoring studies, in addition to the traditional control of the HM content in soils, should assess the trend of changes in the level of pollution and their consequences. The object of research is soils, subject to varying degrees of anthropogenic burden. The analysis revealed a significant variation in all studied elements, which indicates a negative trend of their gradual increase. The average content of HMs was found not extreme but the rate of their accumulation raises concerns. An excess of MPC was found along highways (up to 500 m), from the railway (up to 20 m): Pb by 1.25–3 times; Cd - 1.65; Ni - 1.69-1.81; on the adjacent territory to the gas station by 1.37 times for copper, and 3.45 times for lead, which indicates the danger of pollution of the urban environment.
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GENC, Tuncer Okan, and Fevzi YILMAZ. "Risk Assessment and Accumulation of Metals in Sediment of Koycegiz Lagoon System, Turkey." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 804–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v6i1.5386.
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This paper focuses on metal (Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn and Zn) accumulation and degree of contamination in the sediments of the Koycegiz Lagoon Systems. Pollution by these metals was examined using several calculation methods: pollution load index (PLI), contamination factor (CF), geoaccumulation index (lgeo) and enrichment factors (EF). The mean value of contamination factor (CF) for Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn metals showed low degree of contamination (CF < 1), whereas Cr showed considerably degree (3CF< 6). Higher PLI values were observed in sampling sites III where discharge point of waste water and the PLI values indicated that Cr is the major contributors to the sediment pollution. Average lgeo values of analyzed metals (except Cr) indicating uncontaminated to moderately contaminated status of the sediment whereas the Igeo values for Cr indicates moderately to strongly contaminated status. For most of the sites EF of the studied metals were lower than 1 indicating there is not intense human influence to the metal pollution in sediments.
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Yadegarnia Naeini, Firouzeh, Hamidreza Azimzadeh, Asghar Mosleh Arani, Ahad Sotoudeh, and Bahman Kian. "Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals from cement factory dust." Environmental Health Engineering and Management 6, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ehem.2019.15.
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Background: The release of metals from industrial factories is one of the most important sources ofenvironmental pollution. The present study aimed to determine the concentration of heavy metals likecadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in dust around the cementfactory.Methods: A total of 22 dust samples were collected from areas around the cement factory in Isfahanprovince in spring and summer and transferred to laboratory for chemical digestion. Risk index (RI),integrated pollution index (IPI), mean of contamination degree (mCd), and contamination factor (Cfi)were calculated to determine the contamination status.Results: The concentration of heavy metals in the falling dust around the factory was expressed as Cd<Ni <Pb <Mn <Cr. Pearson correlation showed that there is only a significant negative relationshipbetween the concentration of Cd and the distance from the factory. By increasing the distance from thefactory, the concentration of Cd in dust decreased. The results of falling dust analysis showed that Crhas a high-risk potential in two seasons of spring and summer and Cd has a middle level of pollutionin spring.Conclusion: According to the results, the deposited dust of study area is considered as a polluted dustand it is at higher risk of pollution with Cd and Cr.
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Attoui, Badra, Samia T. Benrabah, Habiba Majour, and Nadjet Zair. "Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution using the Kherici’s method in the Talezza plain, Collo region (NE Algeria)." Journal of Water and Land Development 33, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2017-0015.
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Abstract The intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater aquifers refers to their sensitivity to all contamination coming from soil surface irrespective of the nature of the polluting. In order to improve the protection of groundwater, there must be a reduction in the infiltration of contaminants towards the reservoir through the impacting factors determination of this phenomenon by means of research. There are collected models that include particular number of factors which allow the determination of a sign of groundwater vulnerability of all superficial pollutions. The goal of the study centers on ascertaining the state of vulnerability and the risk of groundwater pollution of the Collo region with a new proposed method by Kherici. Generally, assessment methods of vulnerability and the danger of groundwater pollution employ parametric systems with numerical quotation, cartographic superposition where the analytical methods are based on equations. In this study, we consider the combination of criteria dependent on natural factors (thickness of the unsaturated zone, geologic facies, degree of auto-purification) and the causes of groundwater vulnerability to man-made pollution (anthropogenic factors).
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Yerima, E. A., A. U. Itodo, R. Sha’Ato, and R. A. Wuana. "Ecological Risk Assessment of Mineral and Heavy Metals Levels of Soil Around Auto Mechanic Village Wukari, Nigeria." Academic Journal of Chemistry, no. 57 (July 25, 2020): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajc.57.81.90.
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Environmental contamination is one of the serious challenge facing humanity and other life forms on our planet today. contamination occurs when contaminating substances exceeds their natural levels or when natural resources are use at a rate higher than nature’s capacity to restore itself. This study determines the levels of mineral element and potential toxic metals namely: P, K, Mg, Mn, Si, Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb and Al in agricultural soil around mechanic village Wukari-Nigeria. by means of MP-AES (4210 MP-AES Agilent technologies) while their pollution indices by means of geo-accumulation index and contamination factor. The results reveals that the mean ± standard deviation abundance of mineral and heavy metals in the soil was: Fe (20723.64±153.71), Al (3753.80±30.54) K (368.13±2.17), Mg (298.05±3.88), Mn (231.97±0.74), P (221.22±5.47), Zn (184.83±0.47), Pb (86.29±0.31), Si (64.27±0.43) and Cd (1.33±0.06). There was generally a significant difference between the concentration in the test and control sample (P < 0.05). While pollution indices show moderate to very high contamination of the soil by zinc, lead and cadmium signalling higher potential risk in terms of mobility on acidification since the organic content is moderate and soil texture being sandy-loam usually characterise with moderate capacity to immobilize heavy metals. Lead contamination can result in neurological and hematological dysfunctions, renal and hepatic damages as well as reproductive disorders in the humans while cadmium is known to have effect on kidney.
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Kirk, Leon. "Applying Model for Water Pollution commencing Non-Point Resource Based on Statistical Data in River." Pollution Engineering 51, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 03–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pe.v51i1.57.
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Eutrophication is an overall contamination issue, when the directresource contamination is proficiently unnatural; contamination load from non-point foundation has the expanding extent in the complete burden. The investigation on non-point foundation contamination is a significant perspective in the exploration on water condition contamination. The nonpoint source contamination, highlighted by broad inclusion, dynamic intricacy and troublesome evaluation of precise spatial area and release degree, is a solution and troublesome concern for the investigation of water condition contamination. In this magazine, an improved fare co-efficient strategy is projected to gauge non-point foundation contamination load in watersheds, same thinking about the impacts of precipitation and the decrease of toxin during the time spent vehicle. The measures of downpour and overflow are enormous in soaked years, so the non-point foundation contamination heaps created are huge too in different years, the non-point foundation contamination loads are fewer a direct result of less precipitation in typical water years. Non-point resource contamination factors are investigated, for example, precipitation, land use, landscape, geography and soil P speciation in farmland soil tests in forest soil tests, and in orchardland soil tests.