Journal articles on the topic 'Polluting goods'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Polluting goods.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Polluting goods.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Main, Robert S. "Subsidizing Non-Polluting Goods vs. Taxing Polluting Goods for Pollution Reduction." Atlantic Economic Journal 41, no. 4 (June 14, 2013): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11293-013-9370-6.
2
Levinson, Arik. "Technology, International Trade, and Pollution from US Manufacturing." American Economic Review 99, no. 5 (December 1, 2009): 2177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.5.2177.
Abstract:
Pollution emitted by US manufacturers declined markedly over the past several decades, even as real manufacturing output increased. I first show that most of the decline in US manufacturing pollution has resulted from changing production processes (“technology”), rather than changes in the mix of goods produced. I then show that increased net imports of polluting goods (“international trade”) accounts for only a small portion of the pollution reductions from the changing mix of goods. Together, these two findings demonstrate that shifting polluting industries overseas explains only a minor part—less than 10 percent—of the cleanup of US manufacturing. (JEL F18, L23, L60, O30, Q52, Q53)
3
Levinson, Arik. "Are Developed Countries Outsourcing Pollution?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 37, no. 3 (August 1, 2023): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.37.3.87.
Abstract:
Have rich countries improved their environments by importing polluting goods? No, the mix of goods imported has shifted towards those from cleaner industries, not dirtier. Has pollution worsened in poor countries manufacturing goods for export to rich ones? That depends. Emissions intensities for similar industries are higher in poor countries, which means that even balanced trade causes more pollution there, even for the same goods. And proportional growth in trade has increased that gap. Whether we should consider that to be “outsourcing pollution” is debatable. Have environmental regulations enacted by rich countries caused either of the first two changes? No, the evidence does not show that regulations cause outsourcing.
4
Levinson, Arik. "Offshoring Pollution: Is the United States Increasingly Importing Polluting Goods?" Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/reep/rep017.
5
Sans, Damien, Sonia Schwartz, and Hubert Stahn. "About polluting eco-industries: optimal provision of abatement goods and Pigouvian fees." Environmental Economics 8, no. 3 (September 11, 2017): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.08(3).2017.05.
Abstract:
In this article, the authors introduce a polluting eco-industry. Depending on the level of damage, there are two optimal equilibria. If the damage is low, one generalizes the usual results of the economic literature to the polluting eco-industry: the dirty firm partially abates their emissions, only efficient eco-industry firms produce and the abatement level increases with the damage. However, very specific results are obtained if the damage is high. In this case, not all efficient eco-industry firms produce. The abatement level and the number of active eco-industry firms both decrease as the damage increases. The authors finally show that a well-designed Pigouvian tax implements these equilibria in a competitive economy.
6
Boyce, John R., and Gregory E. Goering. "Optimal Taxation of a Polluting Durable Goods Monopolist." Public Finance Review 25, no. 5 (September 1997): 522–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109114219702500505.
7
Cremer, Helmuth, and Firouz Gahvari. "Second-best taxation of emissions and polluting goods." Journal of Public Economics 80, no. 2 (May 2001): 169–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0047-2727(00)00086-4.
8
Espínola-Arredondo, Ana, and Huan Zhao. "Environmental policy in a linear city model of product differentiation." Environment and Development Economics 17, no. 4 (March 1, 2012): 461–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x12000071.
Abstract:
AbstractThis paper analyzes how a tax/subsidy policy affects consumers' behavior when choosing between green (pollution-free goods) and conventional products, and its effects on welfare when a proportion of consumers have strong preferences for green goods. We analyze a Hotelling's linear city model where final products by two firms are symmetric in all dimensions except for the externality their production process generates. Our efficiency comparisons suggest that, under a setting of horizontal product differentiation, an environmental regulation (either on polluting firms or consumers buying their products) yields higher social welfare than the absence of policy. Moreover, the proportion of consumers who prefer green products affects the welfare gains from a subsidy or tax policy.
9
Zhou, Zhibo, Weiguo Zhang, Xinxin Pan, Jiangfeng Hu, and Ganlin Pu. "Environmental Tax Reform and the “Double Dividend” Hypothesis in a Small Open Economy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010217.
Abstract:
In this paper, we build and analyze a general equilibrium model to evaluate the effects of environment tax reform on a small open economy in a “suboptimal environment” with existing tax distortions. We then use the macroeconomic data from the Chongqing Municipality in China to conduct simulations to empirically test our analytic results. Our main findings include the followings. First, an increase in environmental tax rate can effectively reduce the use of polluting consumer goods by households as well as investment in polluting factors by enterprises. Hence, an increase in environmental tax rate can improve environmental quality and obtain “environmental dividend”. Second, an increase in environmental tax rate can negatively impact employment, family income and economic growth. Hence, there is no “non-environmental dividend” effect. Third, an increased environmental tax rate has both substitution effect and income effect on household consumption. On the one hand, it motivates households to substitute polluting consumer goods with clean consumer goods. On the other hand, it lowers the total consumption level of households. Fourth, we show that the “double dividend” hypothesis on environmental tax is invalid. And the optimal environmental tax under the suboptimal environment is lower than the Pigouvian tax rate. Finally, we discuss the policy implications of our results.
10
Espinosa Ramírez, Rafael Salvador, and Salvador Sandoval. "Strategic Environmental Policies in the Presence of Differentiated Goods." Ensayos Revista de Economía 41, no. 1 (May 27, 2022): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29105/ensayos41.1-3.
Abstract:
We develop a theoretical model of partial equilibrium where firms, located in a country, compete and produce differentiated goods in a duopolistic market. Emission of pollution is related to production, and firms produce their output using different levels of polluting technology. To control pollution emission, the government applies discriminatory pollution quotas considering the benefits for firms, consumers, and environmental damage. The results show that if the disutility to be polluted is very high, the government imposes a zero-emission quota on the companies. But, if such disutility is not significantly high, it allows a certain amount of emissions, imposing different quotas on firms depending on the levels of technology they use to control their emissions. The proposed model stresses the importance of the rational establishment of strategic environmental policies, which benefit all economic agents in the market, firms, consumers, and the environment. Resumen Desarrollamos un modelo teórico de equilibrio parcial donde las empresas, ubicadas en un país, compiten y producen bienes diferenciados en un mercado duopolístico. La emisión de contaminación está relacionada con la producción, y las empresas producen utilizando diferentes niveles de tecnología contaminante. Para controlar la emisión de contaminación, el gobierno aplica cuotas de contaminación discriminatorias teniendo en cuenta el beneficio para las empresas, los consumidores y el daño ambiental. Los resultados muestran que si la desutilidad a contaminar es muy alta, el gobierno impone una cuota de cero emisiones a las empresas. Pero, si dicha desutilidad no es significativamente alta, permite una cierta cantidad de emisiones, imponiendo diferentes cuotas a las empresas dependiendo de los niveles de tecnología que utilizan para controlar sus emisiones. El modelo propuesto subraya la importancia del establecimiento racional de políticas ambientales estratégicas, que actúen en beneficio de todos los agentes económicos en el mercado, las empresas, los consumidores y el medio ambiente.
11
Rakotoarimalala, Haja, Bruno Ramamonjisoa, Thierry Razanakoto, Razafindrakoto Iouri Garisse, Tantely Ravelomanana, and Zo Hasina Rabemananjara. "ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL TAX ON THE IMPORT OF POLLUTING PRODUCTS: CASE OF MADAGASCAR." International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Review 04, no. 02 (2023): 60–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.52267/ijaser.2023.4205.
Abstract:
The management of waste and various sources of pollution is one of the new environmental risks that the country must face. Thus, “Developing protective measures against the introduction into the national territory of harmful and dangerous products and waste” is a main action set out in Article 20 of the Environmental Charter in Madagascar. Fiscal policy by introducing an environmental tax on imports could be a proposal in this direction. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the impacts of a potential environmental tax on imported products that generate pollution and waste. The models chosen have highlighted the environmental gain, in terms of reduction in the volume of polluting products (with the simple linear regression model), although the reduction is limited to specific goods (with the multiple linear regression model), as well as the obtaining of additional revenue likely to be allocated to the financing of well-defined projects.
12
Chua, S. "Does tighter environmental policy lead to a comparative advantage in less polluting goods?" Oxford Economic Papers 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/55.1.25.
13
Falkenmark, Malin. "Preface." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 7 (April 1, 2004): vii—viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0395.
Abstract:
The 2003 Stockholm Water Symposium was the first in a new series within the overall topic of Drainage basin security - Prospects for tradeoffs and benefit sharing in a globalised world. Where population continues to grow, and the need increases to produce more food and other goods and services, the complexity of water management also increases. Ways have to be found in which to manage the chain of consecutive users, interests and quality degrading activities in the catchment so that all relevant uses/demands/polluting activities can be properly balanced.
14
Soyege, O. O., G. O. Makinde, and B. H. Akinlabi. "Green Supply Chain Management and Organizational Performance of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods Firms in Lagos Nigeria." International Journal of Entrepreneurship 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ije.1517.
Abstract:
Purpose: The fast-moving consumer goods firms plays a vital role in the microeconomic and macroeconomic sectored of every economy. However, these organisations are accused of polluting the environment and engaging in practices that are not sustainable. The firms have performed below expectations attributable to non-compliance with green supply management such as green procurement, green distribution, green warehousing, materials management and reverse logistics. This study therefore investigated the effect of green supply chain management on the performance of fast-moving consumer goods in Lagos State, Nigeria.
Methodology: The study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study was 418 middle and top-level management staff from selected quoted fast-moving consumer goods firms in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted the total enumeration method. Data was collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.700 to 0.892. The response rate was 100%. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics (Multiple regression analysis).
Findings: Findings revealed that green supply chain management had positive and significant effect on the performance of selected fast-moving consumer goods companies in Lagos State, Nigeria (Adj. R2 = 0.482, F (5, 407) = 77.600, p < 0.05). The study concluded that green supply chain management practices enhanced organisational performance of selected fast-moving consumer goods companies in Lagos State, Nigeria.
Recommendations: The study therefore recommended that management of fast-moving consumer goods firms in Nigeria should prioritise the implementation of green procurement, green warehousing, material management, and reverse logistics practices to enhance their overall performance. Also, the management of consumer goods firms in Lagos State should concentrate on optimising their material management processes, such as inventory control, demand forecasting, and supplier collaboration.
15
Bakar, Amalina Amirah Abu, Nurul Athirah Jamil, Khairul Ammar Muhammad Ali, and Sabariah Badrealam. "Removal of methylene blue (MB) from polluted water by using eco-friendly dragon fruit peels and pineapple crown leaves." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1369, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1369/1/012017.
Abstract:
Abstract Dye is a widely used product in many industries that produce coloured goods. The by-product discharge after the colouring process finishes will contribute to dye pollution in wastewater thus polluting the water bodies nearby the areas of discharge. To treat the pollution due to dye like methylene blue (MB), adsorption is the most common treatment where natural adsorbents like dragon fruit peels (DFP) and pineapple crown leaves (PCL) have the potential to do so. The physical characterization of the DFP, and PCL was then analysed by scanning electron microscope. Batch adsorption experiment was adopted where the hybrid adsorbents of DFP and PCL were recorded successfully removed 84 to 92 percent of MB at 140 minutes. The removal was determined by using two different parameters which were varied dosage and contact hour. Adsorption isotherm models such as Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm were being used along with kinetic analysis, Pseudo-First and Pseudo Second order in this study. At the end of this study shows that natural adsorbents such as DFP and PCL can be one of the alternatives to treat water pollution due to effluents from industry in the wastewater at the treatment plan.
16
Glachant, Matthieu, Julie Ing, and Jean Philippe Nicolai. "The Incentives for North-South Transfer of Climate-Mitigation Technologies with Trade in Polluting Goods." Environmental and Resource Economics 66, no. 3 (November 29, 2016): 435–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-016-0087-2.
17
Meng, Sam, Mahinda Siriwardana, and Judith McNeill. "The contribution of carbon pricing to sustainable mining." International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 1 (September 10, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2014.3851.
Abstract:
Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are essential to reducing the rate and scale of anthropogenic climate change to levels that can sustain the planet’s biosphere. A carbon tax is a policy measure that is designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the prices of the highest carbon-polluting goods and services in an economy, thus encouraging substitution towards resultant relatively cheaper and less-polluting goods where possible. When Australia introduced such a tax in 2012, there was a fear that it could threaten the resources boom, considered the engine of Australian economic growth in recent years. By employing a computable general equilibrium model and an environmentally-extended Social Accounting Matrix, this paper demonstrates the effects of a carbon tax on the resources sector. The modelled results show that, in a flexible exchange rate regime, all resources within the sector will be affected negatively but to different degrees. The brown coal sector will be the hardest hit, with a 25.74 per cent decrease in output, 52.94 per cent decrease in employment and 89.37 per cent decrease in profitability. However, other resources in the sector would be only mildly affected. From the point of view of sustainability, the most significant results are that, under the carbon tax, the resources sector contributes considerably to the carbon emission reduction target of Australia. Given that brown coal accounts for only a small portion of the resources sector, it is reasonable to suggest that a carbon tax would not significantly affect the overall performance of the sector.
18
Oprica, A., B. Florescu, M. Bică, I. Dumitru, D. Tutunea, L. Racila, and N. D. Gencărau. "An analysis of emissions and carbon footprints for the various types of vehicle propulsion." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1303, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1303/1/012053.
Abstract:
Abstract Plans, predictions, and strategies to decrease emissions from vehicles are now being implemented as a direct result of anti-pollution legislation, which is currently in full swing. Countries that have achieved a high level of industrialization have enacted a variety of policies designed to encourage the production of clean (or less polluting) vehicles. These policies include the reduction of taxes as well as the imposition of penalties (such as green surcharges or even a ban on driving) on vehicles that emit high levels of pollutants that are in excess of what is considered to be acceptable levels. The public at large is coming around to the idea that human activity is responsible for the majority of climate change, as well as the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, and this theory has a solid foundation in the scientific community. The paper aims to explore findings in the context of the disproportionately carbon footprint for different means of transportation of goods.
19
Fernández Soto, J. L., R. Garay Seijo, J. A. Fraguela Formoso, G. Gregorio Iglesias, and L. Carral Couce. "Alternative Sources of Energy in Shipping." Journal of Navigation 63, no. 3 (May 28, 2010): 435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463310000111.
Abstract:
In recent years, there have been strategy changes in international and European policies and procedures about the environment and sustainable development. The focus has been on the agents and activities that exhaust natural resources and harm the environment. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and shipping companies' international organisations are trying to reduce the polluting emissions and greenhouse gases generated by vessels. This article looks at various alternative energy sources that can be used to power vessels and their auxiliary equipment, as well as at their economic and environmental repercussions on the transport of goods by sea.
20
Shuaibu, Kabiru, Abdullahi Muhammad Jikan-Jatum, Abubakar Yusuf, and Nasiru Muhammed. "Corporate Financial Attributes and Waste Disposal Cost Disclosure of Listed Industrial Goods Companies in Nigeria." European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research 11, no. 8 (July 15, 2023): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ejaafr.2013/vol11n82745.
Abstract:
This study examines the impact of corporate financial attributes on waste disposal cost disclosure (WDCD) of listed industrial goods companies in Nigeria from 2013-2020. A sample of ten (10) companies listed as industrial goods using census sampling technique was drawn from the population of thirteen (13) companies. Audited annual reports and accounts were used for data extraction. The analysis was done using descriptive statistics and multiple regressions. Explanatory research design was adopted in the study to find out the impact of corporate financial attributes on WDCD. Variables used include firm size, leverage, ROA and sales growth and WDCD measured using ordinal coding scheme based on GRI guidelines (G4). Robustness tests such as multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, normality test and Hausman specification test were conducted to validate the results. The study revealed that there is negative significant relationship between FSIZE, LEV, SGWRT and WDCD while negative insignificant relationship between ROA and WDCD of listed industrial goods companies. The study therefore, recommends that the federal government of Nigeria should make WDCD mandatory especially among industrial good companies considering the nature of their activities polluting the environment. This can be done by making environmental reporting as part of the requirements for listing companies on the floor of Nigerian stock exchange.
21
Eskeland, Gunnar S., and Tarhan N. Feyzioğlu. "Is demand for polluting goods manageable? An econometric study of car ownership and use in Mexico." Journal of Development Economics 53, no. 2 (August 1997): 423–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3878(97)00017-5.
22
Shingal, Anirudh, and Olga Nartova. "The Potential of Tariff Policy for Climate Change Mitigation: Legal and Economic Analysis." Journal of World Trade 48, Issue 5 (October 1, 2014): 1007–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2014035.
Abstract:
This article addresses a potential role that tariff policy can play in encouraging countries to take part in a multilateral effort to mitigate climate change: it complements discussions on border tax adjustment which in law is limited to domestic taxation. It assesses whether increasing tariffs on products from polluting industries amounts to a violation of World Trade Organization (WTO) rules and whether protectionism in this case can be differentiated from genuine environmental concerns. It argues that while lowering tariffs on environmental goods may serve as a carrot to promote dissemination of cleaner technologies, tariff deconsolidation is a legitimate stick to encourage polluting countries to move towards an international climate agreement. The article further explores this view by undertaking a partial equilibrium analysis to examine the impact of a unilateral 5% tariff increase on the most carbon-intensive imports from countries not committed to climate polices. Our results, however, suggest that plurilateral action would be more effective than countries pursuing tariff policy in isolation, with the former leading to an average 1.4% net reduction in carbon-intensive imports from a 5% increase in their tariffs.
23
Catarino, Mariana Garcez, and Marisa Garcez Rodrigues Catarino. "Renewable sources and recycling in the textile industry." Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology 9, no. 3 (May 18, 2023): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jteft.2023.09.00334.
Abstract:
The pursuit of consumers and employees in the textile and fashion market in general has prioritized alternative materials with transparency and authenticity, contributing to more sustainable production and symbolic value. This way we think allows us a vision of an environment whose social creations transform consumer goods with a concept of renewable and less polluting sources. Requests in favor of environmental benefits such as eco-friendly, environmentally responsible, eco-safe actions, recycling and green materials are increasing. These actions have often been used to describe and promote products that in principle have minimally negative environmental impacts. These terms have been used in many different types of products and in many different ways. However,
24
Zdun, Konrad, Piotr Robakowski, and Tadeusz Uhl. "Usage of Microencapsulated Phase-Change Materials to Improve the Insulating Parameters of the Walls of Refrigerated Trailers." Energies 17, no. 6 (March 16, 2024): 1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17061439.
Abstract:
Climate change is forcing action to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. An extremely important area of high-polluting energy consumption is material transport and, within this, the transport of chilled goods, including deep-frozen goods, is an important contributor. Phase change materials (PCMs) can have an important role in reducing energy consumption for the transport of chilled goods, but the current state of knowledge is not sufficient to bring the solution into popular use. This article includes a study of the effect of implementing microencapsulated PCM (mPCM) in polyurethane foam (PU) on the insulation performance of refrigerated trailer walls in low-temperature transport. In this research, mPCM was used, characterised by a phase-change heat in the range of 170–195 kJkg and a phase change temperature in the range from −10 °C to −9 °C. The studies performed show the potential of using mPCMs to improve the insulation performance of the walls of refrigerated trailers. Containing mPCM in the amount of 5.0% wt. placed throughout the entire volume of the wall can improve thermal conductivity of the wall for up to 15% in peak and 4.5% (0.2792 Wm2K without mPCM and 0.2665 Wm2K with mPCM) in the phase change temperature range. Out of the range of phase change temperatures, the thermal conductivity of the wall with mPCM is worse for 2.72% than in walls without PCM. Problems that need to be tackled were also identified, before the solution can be put into everyday use, i.e., finding the technology to increase the proportion of mPCMs relative to PU.
25
Vincent Jaiwant, Sunanda. "Editorial." Ushus Journal of Business Management 21, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): v—xvi. http://dx.doi.org/10.12725/ujbm.60.0.
Abstract:
Lately, a greater number of industries are moving towards sustainability, sustainable products and process. Sustainable fashion is a term that is quite a in vogue lately. Study reveals that the fashion industry is the second largest industry polluting the environment. It is now driving several eco-conscious brands and individuals to opt-out of fast fashion and adopt more planet-friendly strategies. Sustainable fashion is catching up like fire in India. Sustainable, eco-conscious brands from across the country are organizing online as well as offline sales of their goods. India has witnessed many homegrown fashion and accessory brands that are moving towards sustainable clothing and fashion. The fashion industry has joined the bandwagon in the last few years to remain in the good books of their customers and to resonate with the sustainability revolution.
26
Enríquez-de-Salamanca, Álvaro. "Carbon versus Timber Economy in Mediterranean Forests." Atmosphere 12, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12060746.
Abstract:
Forests produce goods and services, but the forest economy is based on goods, with market price, more than on services. Under Mediterranean climate conditions forests have low timber production, being frequently financially loss-making, despite the environmental services provided, such as carbon sequestration. Timber production and carbon sequestration are compatible, and a proper valuation of both can allow for a more balanced management. The aim of this paper is to assess financially a scenario based on maximizing carbon sequestration versus another based on maximizing timber harvesting in a Mediterranean forest. To do that, timber stock, growth and harvesting, and carbon sequestration have been calculated. Applying market prices for timber and CO2 both scenarios have been assessed, carrying out a sensitivity analysis. Maximising carbon sequestration was more profitable in the vast majority of combinations; timber harvesting was only more profitable if CO2 prices fell below 30% and timber price increases more than 20%; timber price rise is possible, but a collapse in CO2 price is not probable. The real barrier is that while timber is as a commodity with market price, carbon sequestration is not. The challenge for the future is to pay for carbon sequestration, mobilising resources from polluting sectors to forests.
27
Mader, Michelle Maruska, and Cássio Aurélio Suski. "Study of the effect of the Dienitro additive on the NOx and CO emissions in buses of collective transport to Diesel S-50 EGR and S-10 with SCR and EGR systems." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 31, no. 3 (November 6, 2019): 625–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-07-2019-0158.
Abstract:
Purpose Transport of people and goods has always been associated with the generation of some form of pollution, whether atmospheric, sound or visual. Managing the urban environment presents a major challenge: preserving environmental resources and also ensuring decent living conditions for the current population and for future generations. In the era of motorized and carbonized transport, vehicles are the main source of emission of atmospheric pollutants, mainly in large urban centers and important precursors of ozone. An important advance in minimizing vehicle emissions was the introduction of cleaner and additive fuels into the Brazilian market. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of the Dienitro additive on the NOx and CO emissions in buses of collective transport, Diesel S-50 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and S-10 with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and EGR systems. Measurements of CO and NOx gas emissions were carried out using a gas analyzer in S50 and S10 diesel buses with an EGR and SCR systems from a company operating in the collective transport of Biguaçu. Design/methodology/approach In this study, 20 measurements were performed without additives and 20 measurements with additivation in each bus, making it possible to calculate the average emission rate of CO and NOx, pollutant gases with toxic effect. Findings The usage of Dienitro additive in diesel engines resulted in a significant reduction in the emission of polluting gases, carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOx), thus being efficient in reducing the emissions of these gases. Originality/value The Dienitro additive was first tested on diesel engines by public transport buses, and there is great potential for reducing the emission of toxic gases.
28
Urzúa-Morales, Juan Guillermo, Juan Pedro Sepulveda-Rojas, Miguel Alfaro, Guillermo Fuertes, Rodrigo Ternero, and Manuel Vargas. "Logistic Modeling of the Last Mile: Case Study Santiago, Chile." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020648.
Abstract:
This research proposes a new distribution system of goods in the historical center of the city of Santiago, Chile. For the design of the urban logistic system, the methodology city logistics and last mile are used. This design incorporates to the freight transport flexible solutions that improve the efficiency of the distribution process and trade supply, minimizing the environmental impact of the atmospheric pollution (AP). The proposal was made through the data collection, the characterization of the sector and the diagnosis of the urban logistics processes. The analysis of the factors allowed to evaluate the costs of the AP negative externalities. The causes were used as design criteria for the proposals, with the aim of improving the quality of life of the city users. The physical location selection of the Cross-Docking was made through an optimization model of maximum coverage. The optimization algorithm of the nearest neighbor was proposed for vehicle routing. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to generate a ranking of the best non-polluting vehicles to be used in the zone. Finally, the results obtained allowed a 53 ton decrease in carbon dioxide in the square kilometer and reduced 1103 h of interruptions per year in the vehicular congestion of the sector.
29
Weltschev, Margit, and Ralph Baessler. "Use of Alloy 59 for the Transport of Highly Corrosive Dangerous Goods." Advanced Materials Research 278 (July 2011): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.278.581.
Abstract:
Alloy 59 (NiCr23Mo16Al) with a lot of chromium, molybdenum and nickel possesses excellent resistance not only to reducing but also oxidizing chemicals. Both the Nickel alloy 59 and the superaustenitic steel alloy 31 have already been used as shell materials for tank vehicles or tank containers. Use of these alloys allows the transport of a signifi-cantly more wider variety of chemicals and, especially, waste mixtures than the use of common aus-tenitic steels. Another advantage is the extension of test intervals of for transport tanks. In Germany the “BAM-List – Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous Goods” is the basis for substance-related prototype approvals for tank containers designed for the car¬ri¬age of dangerous goods issued by the Federal Institute for Materials Re¬search and Testing (BAM). Com-patibility evaluations of selected metallic material groups as well as polymeric gasket and lining materials under the influence of approximately 7000 dangerous goods and water-polluting sub-stances are published in the BAM-List. Alloy 59 belongs to the group of metallic materials in the BAM-List. Due to the large number of dangerous goods in the BAM-List BAM, IKS Dresden and ThyssenKrupp VDM performed a comprehensive corrosion test programme with welded specimens of the nickel alloy 59 and the superaustenitic steels alloy 926 and alloy 31 in the period 2002 - 2010. Especially In particular alloy 59 and alloy 31 were exposed to a large number of corrosive sub-stances such as various mixtures of both nitric acid/sulphuric acid and nitric acid/phosphoric acid at 55 °C. Other corrosive test substances were different organic and inorganic halogenides, peroxyace-tic acid and molten substances. In the case of molten chemicals such as monochloroacetic acid the test temperature was increased to more than 100 °C. The test results presented in this paper are al-ready included in the 10th edition of the BAM-List and, therefore, available to the customer.
30
Hannesson, Einar. "SafeSeaNet and traffic monitoring of ships and dangerous or polluting goods in maritime transport within the European Economic Area." International Journal of Liability and Scientific Enquiry 1, no. 4 (2008): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlse.2008.018277.
31
Dogaru, Lucreția. "About Sustainability between Responsible Production and Consumption." Proceedings 63, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020063069.
Abstract:
The concept of sustainable production and consumption is not only a complex one, but it is also one of great topicality and importance. It aims at the use of goods and services that meets basic needs and contributes to improving people’s living standards, correlated with reducing the use of natural resources and toxic materials as well as waste and polluting emissions during the lifecycle of products, in a way that is appropriate to the present generation’s needs but does not harm the needs of future generations. The current challenges of humanity have justified and determined a change in the way that goods are produced and consumed. Thus, it is necessary not only to create added value but also to reduce the use of natural resources related with reducing costs and minimizing the impact on the environment. In other words, we will have to do more and better with fewer resources. In the current national and European context, the integration of sustainable development objectives at the center of economic activities involves changing production and consumption standards. Starting from this reality, we will address in this paper the role that the promotion of sustainable production and consumption models has. We will also emphasize the role of European policy in promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization as well as encouraging innovation.
32
Teixeira, Leonor, Ana Luísa Ramos, Carolina Costa, Dulce Pedrosa, César Faria, and Carina Pimentel. "SOLFI: An Integrated Platform for Sustainable Urban Last-Mile Logistics’ Operations—Study, Design and Development." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 2613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032613.
Abstract:
Sustainable urban logistics has an important impact on the cities, which emphasizes the need for better management of logistics activities, including the usage of environmentally friendly transportation. The sustainability of cities, a concern that is on the agenda, is a very important topic pertaining to current political and societal issues. In this sense, although collaboration among urban logistics stakeholders on projects can be challenging, this effort pays off when there is a significant result for the sustainability of cities. This paper aims to present an Information System, named SOLFI (Sistema de Otimização para a Logística urbana com Fluxos Integrados), for planning management and control of urban logistics based on sustainability that integrates the transport of passengers and freight, using the city bus network and bicycles to perform last-mile deliveries. To develop the SOLFI solution and to ensure co-creation through a participative design approach, an agile methodology was used. In terms of results, the SOLFI integrates different agents in the movement of goods in urban centers with less polluting and small vehicles, in particular buses and bicycles. It represents a decision support system that is intended to operate in real-time, managing the entire process from the request until the load delivery to the final destination, to simplify, automate, and improve the urban logistics process. Thus, the main characteristics of SOLFI are to manage all the information required for this process in order to: (i) request quotation and acceptance management; (ii) deliver plan development to all the agents involved; (iii) manage the loads along the network; (iv) allow the tracking and control of requests along the network; and (v) enable replanning due to various possible disruptions that may occur during the process. SOLFI’s distinctive characteristic and main contribution result from the integration of all the transportation network and all agents in the same platform while considering synchronization among involved agents. The SOLFI solution allows for the reduction of traditional flows of goods, taking advantage of the availability of public passenger transport (buses) to perform the main travel distance within the city and the use of bicycles as a last-mile step. In this way, there is a reduction in the number of polluting vehicles in the city, meeting sustainability practices.
33
Ranjan, Tanisha. "NEW AGE TUSSLE WITH THE LEGAL MEASURES IN CONTROLLING THE COUNTERFEITING PRACTICES: A SPECIFIC STUDY ON IP SEGMENT." International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 07, no. 12 (2022): 4058–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2022.v07i12.015.
Abstract:
Globalisation, trade facilitation, and the expanding economic significance of intellectual property are all drivers of economic enlargement. However, they have also led to different ways for illicit networks to expand the span and scale of their operations, free-riding on intellectual property and polluting trade routes with counterfeit goods. Leading to the serious outcome for both the economy and the citizens. Trade in counterfeit goods not only damages economic growth but also undermines good governance, the rule of law and citizens’ trust in government, and can ultimately threaten political stability. Tracing back to the history of counterfeiting from 1925, we have seen a huge rise over the time. And India is not new to counterfeiting. It costs the Indian economy INR 1 trillion every year. In fact, one in three Indian adults have been victims of fake products from one or the other e-commerce websites, making online counterfeiting the fastest growing crime. In addition, in some cases, such as that of fake pharmaceuticals, counterfeit goods can have serious health and safety implications for citizens. The legal structure intends to protect the enthusiasm of clients and partners and reasonable come back to the correct holders is the core of IPR insurance and requirement by the Legislature to guarantee IP security of right holders and battle the rotting impact of forging in India. Aside from the legal arrangements, the legal choices and perceptions in setting of disallowing forging in India merit referencing. We are confident that this article will make a major contribution to the understanding of the volume, magnitude and harmful societal effects of illicit trade in counterfeit and will urge policy makers to shape effective solutions to combat and deter this scourge.
34
Kayani, Umar Nawaz, Misbah Sadiq, Ahmet Faruk Aysan, Syed Arslan Haider, and Ismat Nasim. "The Impact of Investment, Economic Growth, Renewable Energy, Urbanisation, and Tourism on Carbon Emissions: Global Evidence." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 13, no. 1 (January 22, 2023): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14042.
Abstract:
Examining urbanisation and tourism from the perspective of global Sustainable Development Goals is essential for achievinga balance between environmental protection and economic growth in the world's most polluted nations. Moreover, most polluted countries pay more attention to the nature of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to achieve a sustainableenvironment. This study intends to explore the impacts of FDI, tourism, urbanization, and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions using panel data for the top ten most polluted nations for the period from 2000 to 2019. To guide empirical testing,the panel unit root tests LLC and IPS are used. The outcomes of LLC and IPS advise FM-OLS application on how to accomplish the goals. The findings provide proof of how FDI and other factors affect carbon emissions (CE). Particularly, renewable energy consumption (REC) has a detrimental but minor effect on CE. For the panel of developing nations, FDI had a favourable and significant effect on CE along with economic growth, tourism, and urbanization. The expansion of cities isalso harming nature and ecological footprints. These findings are alarming as all factors cause CE under consideration thatleads to the deterioration of the environment. Therefore, more environmental rules should be put into place to reduce CE, draw in clean FDI, and encourage quality-oriented investment in selected nations. Second, it is important to ensure the deployment of green technology and the upgrading of urbanized structures. The government can take several actions against the use of polluting goods and vehicles in urban areas, and any polluting industries should also be outlawed in such residential areas.
35
Amalia, Savitri, Ibrahim Amyas Aksar Tarigan, Anita Rizkiyani, and Catur Apriono. "Analysis of Effectiveness in the Utilization and Control of Electronic Waste (E-Waste) in Indonesia." Green Intelligent Systems and Applications 1, no. 1 (November 29, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53623/gisa.v1i1.29.
Abstract:
In Indonesia, E-waste continues to grow rapidly, along with the increasing use of electronic goods such as telecommunications devices, households, offices, etc. Although it can be recycled, only a small portion can be done, and the recycling process is still under minimal control. Most E-waste is categorized as hazardous and toxic material waste. E-waste has a very high hazard impact if it is not recycled properly and correctly, such as polluting, damaging, and endangering the environment. This article uses forecasting of e-waste growth and canalization e-waste in Indonesia. The first data was obtained from EWasteRJ, a social community engaged in e-waste collection. The second data is obtained from questionnaires distributed to 110 respondents, focusing on knowledge and ways of handling E-waste. Using statistical analysis on both data shows that the amount of E-waste in Indonesia continues to increase every year, and public awareness of the dangers of E-waste is increasing.
36
Edmonds, Richard Louis. "Taiwan's Environment Today." China Quarterly 148 (December 1996): 1224–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100005061x.
Abstract:
The story of the post-1950 Taiwan economic miracle has been told many times. Quite a few authors have also dealt with aspects of the environmental degradation which has accompanied this growth. In general the literature places the blame on Taiwan society as a whole. It is critical of the government's slow evolution of regard for environmental protection, industry's lack of effort to assume its responsibilities and a lack of individual citizen concern prior to the 1980s. It is true that Taiwan's economy has grown rapidly since the 1960s. Unfortunately, this growth was linked to a low environmental consciousness and the lack of political will to regulate land use and pollution abatement. It was rooted in plastics, petrochemicals, leather goods, pesticides and other high polluting industries. These industries were attracted to Taiwan in part because of the environmental consciousness growing in the island's major markets, the United States and Japan. Sectors of the government favoured heavy industry as it would help with any efforts for a counter-attack against the Communists on the mainland. Social awareness of environmental issues and discontent with government and corporate management only began to grow in the 1980s and the government has yet to come to grips fully with the problem of environmental degradation. The purpose of this article is to describe the current state of Taiwan's environment, to trace the development of environmental movements on the island and to assess government's capability to salvage the situation.
37
Chhabra, Tushar, and Dr Prachi Trivedi. "A Study on the Attitude and Purchase Intention of Consumer Regarding Green Electronics." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060635.
Abstract:
Green Electronics is a concept which is very significant playing an important role towards world’s sustainable development. Markets are expanding and consumers are buying large volumes of goods, the manufacturing as well as usage designs are extensively polluting the world which we live in. The users, manufacturers and also the governments have perceived the price of this particular problem. The R&D department of companies as well as the industries are working hard to evolve an eco-friendly product which would reduce the environmental damage. Products of the companies which can be reprocessed, and owns healthy discarding characteristics are called as green products. Electronics has created a trouble-free existence for humans. There are few elements in electric products which are injurious and bad to the natural environment and humans. This concept focuses on the removal of the poisonous and injurious chemical elements from the green electronics, and reprocessing the electronic gadgets in the end. This study aims to understand the concept of Green Product, Green Electronics and Consumer Behaviour towards it.
38
ROSETI DE GOUVÊA, ANDRESSA. "A NAVEGAÇÃO DE CABOTAGEM NO BRASIL E SEUS DESAFIOS LOGÍSTICOS." Revista Científica Semana Acadêmica 01, no. 198 (August 27, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35265/2236-6717-198-08927.
Abstract:
Since the discovery of Brazil, the sea has always been a means of communication of enormous importance in the history of our country. The favored Brazilian geography with its extensive coastline paved the way for the colonization process of our country and this made cabotage navigation one of the first economic activities that would transport our goods. As much as cabotage navigation is super important in cargo transport, both due to the historical context and the concentration of economic activity close to the coast, this does not actually happen as it should. We can observe that nowadays, cabotage navigation represents less than 12% of cargo transport in the country, even though it is a competitive, less polluting means of transport and with fewer accidents compared to other types of modes. The idea of this work is to show that Cabotage in Brazil can and should be more used, especially if we compare it with the road modal, which unfortunately, since the 50s, in the Juscelino government, has consolidated itself as the most used modal in the country. country.
39
Widagdo, Ari Kuncara, Siti Rochmah Ika, Maria Febiana Neni, Handoko Arwi Hasthoro, and Widiawati. "Does carbon emission disclosure and environmental performance increase firm value? Evidence from highly emitted industry in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 467 (2023): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346704002.
Abstract:
Whether investors take into account the company's information related to carbon emission mitigation and the company's environmental ranking in their investment decisions is an interesting research avenue. The objective of this study is twofold. First, it tests whether the level of carbon emissions disclosure differs by industry sector. Second, it examines whether carbon emission disclosures as reported by companies and their environmental performance affect the value of the firm. This study utilizes 102 companies in 2022 that are included in highly polluting industries as a sample, which is divided into 4 different sectors: consumer goods, energy, basic industry, and miscellaneous industry. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test reveal that the extent of carbon emissions reporting is different across industry sectors. Meanwhile, the multivariate regression results reveal that carbon emission disclosures positively influence the value of the firm. Environmental performance, however, does not impact firm value. This study informs the company's management that promoting higher levels of carbon emission mitigation and reporting would boost the company's reputation, which would in turn increase its value.
40
Bertagna, Serena, Ivan Kouznetsov, Luca Braidotti, Alberto Marinò, and Vittorio Bucci. "A Rational Approach to the Ecological Transition in the Cruise Market: Technologies and Design Compromises for the Fuel Switch." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010067.
Abstract:
Supporting policies to achieve a green revolution and ecological transition is a global trend. Although the maritime transport of goods and people can rightly be counted among the least polluting sectors, much can be done to further reduce its environmental footprint. Moreover, to boost the ecological transition of vessels, a whole series of international regulations and national laws have been promulgated. Among these, the most impactful on both design and operational management of ships concern the containment of air-polluting emissions in terms of GHG, NOx, SOx and PM. To address this challenge, it might seem that many technologies already successfully used in other transport sectors could be applied. However, the peculiar characteristics of ships make this statement not entirely true. In fact, technological solutions recently adopted, for example, in the automotive sector must deal with the large size of vessels and the consequent large amount of energy necessary for their operation. In this paper, with reference to the case study of a medium/large-sized passenger cruise ship, the use of different fuels (LNG, ammonia, hydrogen) and technologies (internal combustion engines, fuel cells) for propulsion and energy generation on board will be compared. By imposing the design constraint of not modifying the payload and the speed of the ship, the criticalities linked to the use of one fuel rather than another will be highlighted. The current limits of application of some fuels will be made evident, with reference to the state of maturity of the relevant technologies. Furthermore, the operational consequences in terms of autonomy reduction will be presented. The obtained results underline the necessity for shipowners and shipbuilders to reflect on the compromises required by the challenges of the ecological transition, which will force them to choose between reducing payload or reducing performance.
41
Cunha, Felipe Gustavo Gomes, José De Lima Albuquerque, Felipe Luiz Lima de Paulo, Jorge Da Silva Correia-Neto, Yumara Lúcia Vasconcelos, and Giovanni Giuseppe Da Nóbrega Marinho. "O uso da Extrafiscalidade dos Impostos Estaduais como Medida de Implementação de Políticas Pública Ambientais / The use of Steering taxes by the States as a Measure of Implementation of Public Environmental Policies." ID on line. Revista de psicologia 16, no. 60 (May 30, 2022): 454–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/idonline.v16i60.3441.
Abstract:
Resumo:Trata-se de pesquisa de como os estados federativos estão aplicando a extrafiscalidade dos impostos estaduais - Imposto sobre Operações relativas à Circulação de Mercadorias e sobre Prestações de Serviços de Transporte Interestadual e Intermunicipal e de Comunicação (ICMS), Imposto sobre a Propriedade de Veículos Automotores (IPVA) e Imposto sobre Transmissão Causa Mortis e Doação de quaisquer Bens ou Direitos (ITCMD) - na adoção e incentivo de políticas públicas ambientais. A pesquisa quanto aos objetivos caracteriza-se como exploratório-descritiva e quanto à abordagem, qualitativa. Foram realizadas também pesquisa bibliográfica e documental nas legislações estaduais relacionadas aos impostos ambientais. Em relação ao IPVA, há a adoção de critérios ambientais nas alíquotas de veículos utilizados no transporte de passageiros, em veículos menos poluentes (elétricos, híbridos e movidos à álcool) e em veículos com menor potência automotiva (menos poluentes). Já em relação ao ITCMD, verificou-se que a adoção de critérios ambientais se dá apenas de forma indireta, através da desconsideração de áreas protegidas da base de cálculo do imposto. Quanto ao ICMS, observou-se a adoção de critérios ecológicos no repasse do produto arrecadado do ICMS pelos estados aos municípios (o ICMS Ecológico).Palavras-chave: ICMS Ecológico, IPVA Verde, ITCMD, Meio Ambiente, Políticas Públicas Abstract: This is a research on how the federative states are applying the extrafiscality of state taxes - Tax on Operations related to the Circulation of Goods and on Provision of Interstate and Intermunicipal Transport and Communication Services (ICMS), Tax on Property of Motor Vehicles (IPVA) and Tax on Transmission Causa Mortis and Donation of any Goods or Rights (ITCMD) - in the adoption and encouragement of environmental public policies. The research in terms of objectives is characterized as exploratory-descriptive and in terms of approach, qualitative. Bibliographic and documentary research was also carried out on state legislation related to environmental taxes. Regarding the IPVA, there is the adoption of environmental criteria in the rates of vehicles used in the transport of passengers, in less polluting vehicles (electric, hybrid and alcohol-powered) and in vehicles with lower automotive power (less polluting). In relation to the ITCMD, it was found that the adoption of environmental criteria occurs only indirectly, through the disregard of protected areas from the tax calculation basis. As for the ICMS, it was observed the adoption of ecological criteria in the transfer of the product collected from the ICMS by the states to the municipalities (the Ecological ICMS).Keywords: Ecological ICMS, Green IPVA, ITCMD, Environment, Public Policies.
42
I. U., Haruna, Kabir M., Yalo S. G., Muhammad A., and Ibrahim A. S. "Quantitative Analysis of Solid Waste Generation from Tanneries in Kano State." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Studies 7, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/joees.2022.v07i01.004.
Abstract:
Tanning industries have been so important since ancient times because it helps to produce essential goods such as garment and footwear. However, these industries have been polluting the environment, so there was a need for investigations, observations, and analysis by researchers for better management and environmental sustainability. In this study, solid wastes from tanning industries in Kano State, Nigeria were quantitatively analyzed. Both questionnaires and physical measurements were used in the Bompai, Sharada, and Challawa industrial areas. The average weight of raw skin was 0.96 kg and the generation rate was 27.5% of the total weight of processed skin. It was found that 85% of the generated waste was organic, while only 15% was inorganic. The peak season for a solid waste generation was the holy season of the Muslim-majority communities, known as "Eid al-Adha", (10th-13th Zulhajj of the lunar calendar). While the off-peak generation season was during the rainy season, generated solid wastes from the tanning industries could have the potential for sustainable utilization in terms of renewable energy generation and some agricultural applications. It was therefore recommended that future researches should analyze the potentiality of these industries for the benefit of Kano State.
43
Pribula, Daniel, and Martin Kendra. "Analysis of Current State of Alternative Propulsion in a Sector of Passenger Railway Transport." Transport technic and technology 19, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttt-2023-0010.
Abstract:
Abstract Green railway transport (RT) is not always a completely green transport solution, as there are still many nonelectrified or partially electrified lines in operation with polluting engine traction. Although electric rail is the most environmentally friendly, electrification of lines is a time-consuming and costly project, especially on less busy lines where electrification would be inefficient and unprofitable. Even though electric railway is the most environmentally friendly solution, electrification of lines is a time-consuming and expensive project, especially on less frequented lines where electrification would be inefficient and unprofitable. Alternative propulsion (AP) in RT is not only a way to reduce the operational emissions of passenger trains, but also to save energy and fuel, save time due to vehicle changes, and reduce the overall carbon footprint from transporting goods and people. The aim of this paper is to examine in detail the current state of development and availability within the AP railway industry, specifically for passenger transport needs, and to transparently present the results in a simple and clear way. In addition, the paper explores the possibility of applying the alternatively powered system to the conditions of the H0 model railway and research with this model.
44
Petrescu, Relly Victoria Virgil, Raffaella Aversa, Antonio Apicella, and Florian Ion Petrescu. "Transportation Engineering." Engevista 19, no. 5 (December 4, 2017): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/engevista.v19i5.967.
Abstract:
The shipments were absolutely necessary at all times, but still have polluted and damaged the environment. The technique of transport or the engineering of transport is the application of the principles of technology and scientific findings to the planning, design check, operation and plan management for any mode of transport, in order to ensure that the conditions of safety, efficiency, quick, comfortable and convenient, economic and environmentally compatible movement of persons and goods (transport). It is a sub-discipline for civil engineering. The importance of the transport engineering in the framework of the profession of civil engineering can be evaluated by the number of divisions of the ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers), which are directly related to the transport. There are six such divisions (Aerospace; Air Transport, motorways, pipes, watercourses, port, of coastal and ocean and urban transport), which represents one third of the total 18 technical divisions of the ASCE (1987). Humanity is struggling between technological tests of deployment of new types of mild transport for the environment and the need to maintain still in the operation the machines already polluting products in large quantity, cheaper, more convenient economically, that customers have already been accustomed. Transport is at the heart of major cross-cutting issues that are inseparable from issues related to the development and sustainable management of the mobility of goods and people. The automotive sector must meet several challenges to reduce the emission of particulate and gaseous pollutants while limiting the increase in the cost of vehicles. The development of "clean" or "sustainable" vehicles requires the integration of innovative technologies to meet all these requirements. Those all problems need to be addressed by the discipline named Transportation (Transport) Engineering, in view of the constantly improving the quality of transport carried out.
45
Basyrov, I. M. "Strategic tools to improve of environmental friendliness of logistics chains." Transport Technician: Education and Practice 2, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2021.2.191-202.
Abstract:
The transport of goods contributes to an increase in global greenhouse gas emissions. Despite the fact that its share is much less than that of industries, there is significant legislative pressure to reduce emissions from transport. A review and critical analysis of strategies to reduce or completely eliminate the negative impact of international logistics supply chains on the environment was carried out.Comparative characteristics of transport modes are presented, taking into account their negative impact on the environment. An extended review of scientific and practical publications on the topic of “green supply chain management” was carried out in order to reduce the negative impact of cargo transportation on the environment. Strategic solutions have been identified and analyzed to reduce emissions associated with the transportation of goods. Highlighted strategies, the attitude towards which in society has changed for the worse.The main method used is critical analysis. The subject of research is the area according to the passport of the scientific specialty 05.22.01 “Transport and transport-technological systems of the country, its regions and cities, organization of production in transport”, p. 6 “Protection of the environment from the polluting effects of transport”.The scientific novelty of the research lies in the proposed theoretical foundations and the identification of operational “tools” for improving the environmental friendliness of supply chains in the form of combined strategies.The relevance of the work is substantiated by environmental priorities in the state policy of the Russian Federation. In 2019, a large-scale national project “Ecology” was launched in our country, the main goal of which is to change the negative impact on the environment by 2030 and create comfortable living conditions for people in the country.It has been found that the available modes of transport vary greatly in emissions, with slower modes of transport generally having fewer emissions than faster ones.
46
Paucar, Mayra, Pablo Israel Amancha Proaño, Jorge Luis Santamaría Aguirre, and Marcelo Pilamunga Poveda. "Strategic Design for Leather Tannery Industries." Journal of Digital Science 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33847/2686-8296.3.2_7.
Abstract:
The province of Tungurahua in Ecuador has a participation of 76% at the national level within the leather production chain with the production of raw materials, these are used in the manufacture of 80% of footwear in the country. These production processes generate environmental problems, the greatest impact being on the water, due to the dumping of liquid waste with chemical contents in rivers, this generates bad odors, gases, smoke and polluting solid waste from this process. According to data from tanneries, approximately 88% of the raw material is transformed, while the remaining 12% is considered as waste (leather trimmings), which are used in other manufacturing processes (footwear, textile industry, leather goods and others), the chip obtained from the process is compressed and discarded. As a preventive action, a process is proposed to generate new products through the use of waste obtained from leather processing. The design methodology is the Double Diamond: discover, define, develop and deliver a new product that reuses this waste, a block of dimensions 150 x 75 x 5 mm and 300 grams of weight was obtained, which can be applied in the sector of construction and allow the transition from a linear production process to a circular process.
47
Gupta Khusbu Kumari. "Waste Management Strategies in Textile & Garment Sector." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, no. 9S (October 12, 2020): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0609s09.
Abstract:
Textiles and Apparel (T&A) sector is one of the most significant industrial sectors and plays a major role towards contribution to national economy, employment generation and exports in developing countriesand most essential consumer goods industry. However, textile industry is accused of being one of the most polluting industries. Not only production but consumption of textiles also produces waste. To counter the problem, textile industry has taken many measures for reducing its negative contribution towards environment. One of such measures is textile recycling- the reuse as well as reproduction of fibers from textile waste. Recycling can be done through thermal, material, chemical and mechanical processes. Textile recycling is beneficial for environmental and economic conditions, reducing demand for textile chemicals, requirement of landfill space is reduced, consumption of less energy and reducing of water wastage. Market research, and efforts are needed to increase consumer awareness and to encourage manufacturers to increase the use of recycled textile waste into new products. Fashion consumption and sustainability are often opposing ideas. Fashion consumption is a highly resource-intensive, wasteful practice; and sustainability frowns on wasteful consumption. Sustainability in the fashion business is still an emerging agenda, not yet established, and many authors have recognised the importance of investigating how sustainability could be achieved
48
Sharif, Fatima, Ihsanullah Hussain, and Maria Qubtia. "Energy Consumption, Carbon Emission and Economic Growth at Aggregate and Disaggregate Level: A Panel Analysis of the Top Polluted Countries." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 6, 2023): 2935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15042935.
Abstract:
Economic expansion leads to higher CODe2 emissions, which puts pressure on environmental degradation. More than 30% of carbon emissions are contributed by the top0polluting countries in the world through their energy consumption. Therefore, the current study examines the association between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, GDP and industrial production, along with other control variables at the aggregated and disaggregated levels for the top emitter countries for the 1990–2019 period. The short- and long-term results indicate that CO2 emissions are positively and significantly linked with energy consumption, except carbon emissions from the gas model, by employing the PARDL model using pooled mean group (PMG) analysis. Thus, gas consumption is less polluting to the environment than other sources of energy; therefore, countries need to reduce the consumption of coal and oil, which will lead to a decrease in CO2 emissions. This refers to the composition effect, which focuses on the use of clean energy instead of dirty energy in the production and consumption processes. The shift from oil or coal to gas in the production process will help to reduce the oil demand, which ultimately controls its consumption and prices, which may help to control the prices of various other goods and services.
49
Suresh, S., N. Priya, R. Kunjitham, and K. J. Sreeram. "A Fast and Robust Analytical Method Based on QuEChERS Technique using UPLC- PDA for Quantification of Carcinogenic Arylamines in Consumer Goods inclusive of Leather." Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 118, no. 4 (April 3, 2023): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v118i4.7204.
Abstract:
Arylamines present in leather and textile products are reduced in vivo by cleavage of azo groups to form highly mutagenic and carcinogenic products that pose consumer’s health risk. The major textile and leather products that are offered to consumers need to be safe. In order to ensure safety as per the global regulations, the allowed limit of carcinogenic amines in textile and leather products cannot be more than 20 mg/kg. There are several methods that have been used for extracting the azo dyes and analyzing them in textile and leather products. Most of these methods are polluting from high solvent usage, time consuming, laborious, and have lower recovery rates. In the present study QuEChERS method, (dispersive solid phase extraction-dSPE) method was utilized for extraction of carcinogenic arylamines from dyed leather and textile products. The released arylamines are extracted into acetonitrile using QuEChERS salt and analyzed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array (UPLC-PDA). The extracted product was further confirmed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The method proposed in this study is novel as it eliminates all significant concerns associated with the official ISO-17234-1 &14362-1 test methods, such as use of solvents like tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE) and the long duration of analysis. The sample preparation time is minimized from 120 min to 20 min. The developed method is easy to adopt with efficient recovery rate of arylamines in comparison to the official ISO method.
50
Farchi, Fadwa, Badr Touzi, Chayma Farchi, and Charif Mabrouki. "Optimal Urban Logistics - Through the Choice of Sustainable Axes." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 8 (December 30, 2021): 1541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160815.
Abstract:
In a world where urbanization is becoming more and more widespread, big figures can be seen around internal urban migration further aggravating the environmental urban situation, which results from several previous factors. This is the case with globalization, online shopping, or polluting industrial and human sources. The major solutions are centered primarily on the concern for urban mobility, the involvement of the stakeholders concerned, the optimization of journeys, the use of lanes and roads, the choice of vehicles as well as the zoning or choice of logistics locations. Sustainability is one of the primary elements of flow management; it is one of the most important pillars of the concept of "urban logistics". Indeed, the final goal goes beyond the delivery of goods, going so far as to place the environment as an essential support for urban logistics. In this paper we present a literature review on sustainable logistics, we will try to answer the following problem: Urban logistics: Where are we? To respond to this problem, we are taking the following approach: Presentation of the basic concepts, choice of articles to be used for the study which will induce us to determine the axes and the main actors, with the aim of specifying the most predominant aspects which must be treated and prioritized in order to make urban logistics more optimal.