Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polluting goods

Academic literature on the topic 'Polluting goods'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Polluting goods":

1

Main, Robert S. "Subsidizing Non-Polluting Goods vs. Taxing Polluting Goods for Pollution Reduction." Atlantic Economic Journal 41, no. 4 (June 14, 2013): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11293-013-9370-6.

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2

Levinson, Arik. "Technology, International Trade, and Pollution from US Manufacturing." American Economic Review 99, no. 5 (December 1, 2009): 2177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.5.2177.

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Pollution emitted by US manufacturers declined markedly over the past several decades, even as real manufacturing output increased. I first show that most of the decline in US manufacturing pollution has resulted from changing production processes (“technology”), rather than changes in the mix of goods produced. I then show that increased net imports of polluting goods (“international trade”) accounts for only a small portion of the pollution reductions from the changing mix of goods. Together, these two findings demonstrate that shifting polluting industries overseas explains only a minor part—less than 10 percent—of the cleanup of US manufacturing. (JEL F18, L23, L60, O30, Q52, Q53)
3

Levinson, Arik. "Are Developed Countries Outsourcing Pollution?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 37, no. 3 (August 1, 2023): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.37.3.87.

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Have rich countries improved their environments by importing polluting goods? No, the mix of goods imported has shifted towards those from cleaner industries, not dirtier. Has pollution worsened in poor countries manufacturing goods for export to rich ones? That depends. Emissions intensities for similar industries are higher in poor countries, which means that even balanced trade causes more pollution there, even for the same goods. And proportional growth in trade has increased that gap. Whether we should consider that to be “outsourcing pollution” is debatable. Have environmental regulations enacted by rich countries caused either of the first two changes? No, the evidence does not show that regulations cause outsourcing.
4

Levinson, Arik. "Offshoring Pollution: Is the United States Increasingly Importing Polluting Goods?" Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/reep/rep017.

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5

Sans, Damien, Sonia Schwartz, and Hubert Stahn. "About polluting eco-industries: optimal provision of abatement goods and Pigouvian fees." Environmental Economics 8, no. 3 (September 11, 2017): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.08(3).2017.05.

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In this article, the authors introduce a polluting eco-industry. Depending on the level of damage, there are two optimal equilibria. If the damage is low, one generalizes the usual results of the economic literature to the polluting eco-industry: the dirty firm partially abates their emissions, only efficient eco-industry firms produce and the abatement level increases with the damage. However, very specific results are obtained if the damage is high. In this case, not all efficient eco-industry firms produce. The abatement level and the number of active eco-industry firms both decrease as the damage increases. The authors finally show that a well-designed Pigouvian tax implements these equilibria in a competitive economy.
6

Boyce, John R., and Gregory E. Goering. "Optimal Taxation of a Polluting Durable Goods Monopolist." Public Finance Review 25, no. 5 (September 1997): 522–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109114219702500505.

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7

Cremer, Helmuth, and Firouz Gahvari. "Second-best taxation of emissions and polluting goods." Journal of Public Economics 80, no. 2 (May 2001): 169–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0047-2727(00)00086-4.

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8

Espínola-Arredondo, Ana, and Huan Zhao. "Environmental policy in a linear city model of product differentiation." Environment and Development Economics 17, no. 4 (March 1, 2012): 461–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x12000071.

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AbstractThis paper analyzes how a tax/subsidy policy affects consumers' behavior when choosing between green (pollution-free goods) and conventional products, and its effects on welfare when a proportion of consumers have strong preferences for green goods. We analyze a Hotelling's linear city model where final products by two firms are symmetric in all dimensions except for the externality their production process generates. Our efficiency comparisons suggest that, under a setting of horizontal product differentiation, an environmental regulation (either on polluting firms or consumers buying their products) yields higher social welfare than the absence of policy. Moreover, the proportion of consumers who prefer green products affects the welfare gains from a subsidy or tax policy.
9

Zhou, Zhibo, Weiguo Zhang, Xinxin Pan, Jiangfeng Hu, and Ganlin Pu. "Environmental Tax Reform and the “Double Dividend” Hypothesis in a Small Open Economy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010217.

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In this paper, we build and analyze a general equilibrium model to evaluate the effects of environment tax reform on a small open economy in a “suboptimal environment” with existing tax distortions. We then use the macroeconomic data from the Chongqing Municipality in China to conduct simulations to empirically test our analytic results. Our main findings include the followings. First, an increase in environmental tax rate can effectively reduce the use of polluting consumer goods by households as well as investment in polluting factors by enterprises. Hence, an increase in environmental tax rate can improve environmental quality and obtain “environmental dividend”. Second, an increase in environmental tax rate can negatively impact employment, family income and economic growth. Hence, there is no “non-environmental dividend” effect. Third, an increased environmental tax rate has both substitution effect and income effect on household consumption. On the one hand, it motivates households to substitute polluting consumer goods with clean consumer goods. On the other hand, it lowers the total consumption level of households. Fourth, we show that the “double dividend” hypothesis on environmental tax is invalid. And the optimal environmental tax under the suboptimal environment is lower than the Pigouvian tax rate. Finally, we discuss the policy implications of our results.
10

Espinosa Ramírez, Rafael Salvador, and Salvador Sandoval. "Strategic Environmental Policies in the Presence of Differentiated Goods." Ensayos Revista de Economía 41, no. 1 (May 27, 2022): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29105/ensayos41.1-3.

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We develop a theoretical model of partial equilibrium where firms, located in a country, compete and produce differentiated goods in a duopolistic market. Emission of pollution is related to production, and firms produce their output using different levels of polluting technology. To control pollution emission, the government applies discriminatory pollution quotas considering the benefits for firms, consumers, and environmental damage. The results show that if the disutility to be polluted is very high, the government imposes a zero-emission quota on the companies. But, if such disutility is not significantly high, it allows a certain amount of emissions, imposing different quotas on firms depending on the levels of technology they use to control their emissions. The proposed model stresses the importance of the rational establishment of strategic environmental policies, which benefit all economic agents in the market, firms, consumers, and the environment. Resumen Desarrollamos un modelo teórico de equilibrio parcial donde las empresas, ubicadas en un país, compiten y producen bienes diferenciados en un mercado duopolístico. La emisión de contaminación está relacionada con la producción, y las empresas producen utilizando diferentes niveles de tecnología contaminante. Para controlar la emisión de contaminación, el gobierno aplica cuotas de contaminación discriminatorias teniendo en cuenta el beneficio para las empresas, los consumidores y el daño ambiental. Los resultados muestran que si la desutilidad a contaminar es muy alta, el gobierno impone una cuota de cero emisiones a las empresas. Pero, si dicha desutilidad no es significativamente alta, permite una cierta cantidad de emisiones, imponiendo diferentes cuotas a las empresas dependiendo de los niveles de tecnología que utilizan para controlar sus emisiones. El modelo propuesto subraya la importancia del establecimiento racional de políticas ambientales estratégicas, que actúen en beneficio de todos los agentes económicos en el mercado, las empresas, los consumidores y el medio ambiente.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polluting goods":

1

PATHAK, SWATI. "Did Trade Liberalization in India Promote High Polluting Goods? â An Empirical Analysis." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06172009-105759/.

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Systematic removal of trade barrier across many industries during the early 1990s raised a debate over the role of trade on the environment. This thesis attempts to gain a deeper understanding of the environmental implications of trade liberalization in India. Data containing information on tariff rate, import, export, and production for 28 sectors from 1990 to 2001 are obtained from the World Bank Economic Review. To classify different trade sectors by pollution intensity, I used the three-digit International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) system. I used three different specifications with log of real production, export and import as the dependent variables in the empirical model. The coefficient of interest is β_5 which measures the differential impact on the percentage change in the dependent variables, caused by tariff reduction from before to after trade liberalization and from lower to higher polluting industries. My result confirms my first two hypotheses that average tariff reduction (41 percentage point) from pre to post liberalization period increase the total production and export in high polluting industries by 16.4% and 106.6% respectively. The study concludes that differential impact of average tariff reduction during trade liberalization in India promotes heavy polluting industries.
2

Sanou, Issa. "Inégalités de richesse, prestations sociales et politiques environnementales en présence du statut social." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ASSA0011.

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Le premier chapitre montre que le conformisme conduit à une réduction des inégalités de richesse, et même à un rattrapage, lorsqu’un ménage initialement riche travaille moins qu’un ménage initialement pauvre ; et qu’en plus le revenu supplémentaire acquis par le ménage initialement pauvre, en travaillant plus, correspond, plus précisément au surplus de richesse initialement détenu par le ménage riche. Le deuxième chapitre montre que les effets néfastes des prestations sociales sur l’offre de travail sont atténués par le comportement de recherche de statut social. Enfin, le chapitre 3 montre que toute politique environnementale, consistant à taxer les biens polluants et à utiliser les revenus de cette taxation pour subventionner la consommation des biens non polluants, entraîne une augmentation, à la fois, de l’emploi et de la qualité de l’environnement. Cependant, lorsque les biens polluants et les biens non polluants ne sont pas des substituts parfaits, l’augmentation du pouvoir d’achat résultant des subventions peut entraîner une augmentation de la consommation des biens polluants
The first chapter shows that conformism leads to a reduction in wealth inequalities, and even to a catch-up, when an initially rich household works less than an initially poor household ; and that the additional income acquired by the initially poor household, by working more, corresponds, more precisely, to the wealth surplus initially held by the rich household. The second chapter shows that the negative effects of social benefits on labor supply are mitigated by status-seeking behavior. Finally, chapter 3 shows that any environmental policy, consisting of taxing polluting goods and using the revenues from this taxation to subsidize the consumption of non-polluting goods, leads to an increase in both employment and environmental quality. However, when polluting goods and non-polluting goods are not perfect substitutes, the increase in purchasing power resulting from subsidies may lead to an increase in the consumption of polluting goods
3

Abhijeet, Kumar. "Governing water pollution effectively: A comparative study of legal frameworks & their implementation in India & Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171822.

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Case studies from India have shown that the legal regime governing water pollution control in India has miserably failed. Sectoral approach to water management is quite evident. On the other hand Sweden has shown a remarkable change with regard to environment management. The poor management of a resource makes the resource further poor. Thus effective management of the resources becomes crucial. Good governance has been vital in conservation of a resource. But the issue is what constitutes good governance with respect to water? Law has always played a steering role in governance aspect. But despite having pollution control laws the effective governance of water pollution has not been attainable in India. Are the pollution control laws fundamentally wrong or some other factors prevail which is beyond the reach of law to control the pollution problem. The thesis which is a comparative study of legal framework and their implementation in India and Sweden attempts to explore how control of water pollution has been effectively governed in Sweden and what needs to been done in India.
4

Lu, Chang. "A comparative study of liability arising from the carriage of dangerous goods between Chinese and English Law." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/111213.

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This thesis is about the rights and liabilities arising under English and Chinese law in respect of the carriage of dangerous cargo. It is noted that the danger in dangerous cargoes was not necessarily something in the goods themselves, but might well lie in the way they were packaged, looked after or transported. Accordingly, the responsibilities and liabilities of the various parties with regards to the carriage of dangerous cargoes are usually intertwined and complex. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and evaluate the dangerous cargoes liabilities in English and Chinese law, by providing suggestions for existing problems in each country based on three sources: contract, tort and statute. Moreover, the chain of causation and concept of remoteness has particular importance in order to establish liability and decide which type and what amount of damage is recoverable. This thesis compares both countries’ liability regimes and how to secure compensation for its victims, and the restoration of the environment, with reference to the EU Environmental Liability Directive and relevant international conventions. The author draws her final conclusions from four important issues: (1) the meaning of dangerous cargo, the packing and handling; (2) the scheme of liability; (3) the channelling of liability; and (4) the type of recoverable damage.
5

Hensley, Ann-Drea Ra. "Stormwater Intern at Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1290610661.

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6

Gieswein, Alexander [Verfasser], and Daniel [Akademischer Betreuer] Hering. "Multiple-stressor effects and fine sediment pollution – Two key obstacles to achieving the good ecological status in riverine ecosystems / Alexander Gieswein ; Betreuer: Daniel Hering." Duisburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1225308208/34.

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7

Bai, Song. "L'unification des régimes de responsabilité civile en matière de pollution marine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1049.

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Depuis le sinistre du pétrolier Torrey Canyon, l'OMI a élaboré les Conventions CLC, SNPD et hydrocarbure. Celles-ci ont mis en place les régimes d'indemnisation des dommages par pollution causés par les navires. Les victimes de la pollution peuvent agir en responsabilité contre le propriétaire du navire ou directement contre l'assureur du propriétaire du navire pour les dommages par pollution (y compris les frais de nettoyage). Selon ces conventions internationales, le propriétaire du navire est en droit de limiter sa responsabilité dont l'indemnité est calculée en fonction du tonnage du navire en cause. De plus, le fonds FIPOL, créé par la convention portant création du fonds FIPOL, prend le relais de la convention CLC lorsque l'indemnité dépasse la limitation de responsabilité prévue par cette dernière convention. Mais est-ce que ces conventions prévoient une indemnisation suffisante pour les dommages par pollution ? Et existe-t-il des conflits entre les conventions internationales ? Il est vrai que la plupart des pollutions marines de faible ampleur sont suffisamment indemnisées. Mais tel n'est pas le cas pour les pollutions majeures. De plus, les conventions CLC, SNPD et hydrocarbures de soute n'ont pas prévu des champs d'application identiques. C'est ainsi que ces conventions internationales sont susceptibles d'être en conflit dans le cas où la pollution est causée par les substances polluantes transportées par le navire et les hydrocarbures de soute du navire en cause. La présente thèse a pour objet de présenter les régimes internationaux de responsabilité civile du propriétaire du navire en matière de pollution marine et essaie de proposer une solution pour résoudre les conflits entre les conventions internationales
Since the Torrey Canyon oil spill, the International Maritime Organization began drafting three international conventions (CLC, HNS and bunker oil conventions) to establish civil liability for compensation for ship-source pollution damages. Claims for compensation for pollution damages (including clean-up costs) may be brought against the owner of ships which caused the damages or directly against the owner's insurer. The ship-owner is normally entitled to limit his liability to an amount which is linked to the tonnage of his ship. Furthermore, the IOPC funds which was set up in 1992 under the IOPC convention 1992 is able to compensate the victims when compensation under the CLC 1992 is not available or not adequate. But do these international regimes work well ? And are there conflicts between the International conventions ? Certainly, the most of loss resulting from oil spills from sea can be compensated by the CLC/ IOPC system. But the compensation under CLC/IOPC is not able to be enough for the major pollution events. If the CLC, HNS and bunker oil Conventions don't set up the same scopes, these International Conventions might be in conflict in case of transportation of dangerous goods or hazardous goods by sea, because the spill of the bunker oil and the hazardous goods would cause a major marine pollution. This paper gives an overview of international liability and compensation regime, and tries to give a proposal to resolve the conflicts between the international conventions
8

Tong, Fan. "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Economic and Environmental Implications of Using Natural Gas to Power On-Road Vehicles in the United States." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/717.

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Currently, in the United States, on-road vehicles are primarily powered by petroleum fuels (gasoline and diesel). These vehicles have caused serious climate change effects from emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) and health and environmental impacts from criteria air pollutant (CAP). The recent success of shale gas development has brought industry interest in using natural gas to power on-road vehicles. In addition to low costs and wide availability of this national fuel source, natural gas is a common feedstock to produce alternative fuels. The question arises of whether using natural gas for transportation could help or hinder the environment. In this dissertation, I study the economic and environmental effects of a wide range of natural gas fuel pathways for a selection of light duty (LDV) and medium and heavy duty (MHDV) vehicle types. I choose to focus on two environmental metrics: GHGs and CAPs emitted over the life cycle of each potential pathway for natural gas use. First in Chapters 2 and 3, I use life-cycle analysis to understand the emissions of GHGs from different natural gas pathway for LDVs and MHDVs. Then in Chapter 4 I focus on the CAP emissions from these vehicles. Overall, I find that none of the natural gas pathways eliminate life cycle air emissions. In fact, only a few pathways reduce life cycle GHG emissions and/or life cycle air pollution damages compared to baseline petroleum fuels (gasoline for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) and diesel for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs)). For the cases of light duty vehicles (LDVs) and transit buses, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) powered by natural gas-based electricity provide significant reduction in life cycle GHG emissions and life cycle air pollution damages (for almost all counties) compared to the baseline petroleum fuels. However, the actual electricity that charges BEVs may not be natural gas-based electricity in most parts of the U.S. When powered by U.S. grid electricity (using average emission factors for 2010 and 2014), BEVs reduce life cycle GHG emissions to a lesser extent but increase life cycle air pollution damages significantly. Compressed natural gas (CNG), while reducing GHG emissions and CAP emissions (except CO) at tailpipe, are more likely to increase life cycle GHG emissions and increase life cycle air pollution damages in the majority of U.S. counties. For heavy-duty trucks, CNG sparking-ignition (SI) trucks and liquefied natural gas (LNG) high-pressure direct ignition (HPDI) trucks have mixed environmental impacts. While they are unlikely to reduce life cycle GHG emissions compared to diesel, they reduce life cycle air pollution damages in 76-99% of U.S. counties for local-haul tractor-trailers and in 32-71% of U.S. counties for long-haul tractor-trailers. In Chapters 5 and 6, I examine the economic impacts of natural gas fuel pathways for two vehicle types, tractor-trailers and transit buses. I study the economic feasibility of a national natural gas refueling infrastructure for long-haul trucks in U.S., which is a prerequisite for natural gas tractor-trailers. I find that a transition to natural gas fuels in long-haul trucks is more expensive when the shares of natural gas trucks are below 5% because of low refueling demands and over-capacity of the refueling infrastructure to ensure network coverage. At higher shares of natural gas trucks, both the total refueling capacity and the net economic benefits of the national refueling infrastructure increase almost linearly as adoption increases. Finally, in Chapter 6, I provide an economic-technology assessment for transit buses by considering both life cycle ownership costs and life cycle social costs due to GHG emissions and CAP emissions. Transit buses are early adopters of alternative fuel technologies because of funding supports and operation characteristics (such as high fuel consumption and private refueling infrastructure). I find that the availability of external funding is crucial for transit agencies to adopt any alternative fuel option. Without external funding, only rapid-charging battery electric buses (BEBs) have lower ownership & social costs than conventional diesel buses. When external funding is available to reduce bus purchase costs by 80%, BEBs become much more cost-effective. In this case, life cycle ownership and social costs of BEBs are 37-43% lower than conventional diesel buses. Including life cycle social costs does not change the ranking of alternative fuel options. The findings in this dissertation suggest different strategies of using natural gas for different vehicle markets. Natural gas is best used in electric power generation than to produce gaseous or liquid fuels for powering on-road LDVs. The use of CNG and LNG for heavy-duty trucks may continue as there are less alternative fuel options but issues such as methane leakage should be addressed to avoid important climate change effect. Finally, natural gas-based transportation fuels can at best partially mitigate climate change or air pollution damages, so other mitigation strategies in the transportation sector are ultimately needed to achieve sustainable transportation.
9

Pons, Myriam. "L’Union européenne et la sécurité des transports maritimes de marchandises et substances dangereuses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1012.

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Le transport maritime est d'une importance stratégique pour l'économie de l'Union européenne. Chaque année, un milliard de tonnes de pétrole transitent par les ports et les eaux de l'UE et deux milliards de tonnes de marchandises sont chargées et déchargées dans ses ports. C'est pourquoi, depuis le naufrage de l'Amoco Cadiz et les conséquences désastreuses, tant pour l'environnement que pour l'économie qui en découlèrent, l'Union européenne ne cesse de développer et d'intensifier sa politique de sécurité maritime dans le but de mettre un terme à la navigation sous normes, essentiellement par une application effective des règles internationales en la matière. Depuis 1993, l'UE et ses États membres sont au premier plan afin d'améliorer la législation en matière de sécurité du transport maritime de marchandises et substances dangereuses pour éliminer les navires sous-normes, augmenter la protection des équipages, réduire le risque de pollution de l'environnement et veiller à ce que les opérateurs qui suivent les bonnes pratiques ne soient pas désavantagés commercialement par rapport à ceux qui sont prêts à prendre des raccourcis avec la sécurité des navires. Les accidents de l'Erika et du Prestige encouragèrent l'UE à réformer radicalement son régime juridique et à adopter de nouvelles règles et normes de prévention des accidents en mer, en particulier celles impliquant les pétroliers. Depuis plus de trente ans l'UE n'a cessé de renforcer et d'améliorer son arsenal législatif. Elle fit évoluer sa réglementation consécutivement aux divers accidents qui vinrent frapper ses côtes ; c'est pourquoi la sécurité du transport maritime sera toujours en évolution
Maritime transport has strategic importance for the economy of the European Union. Each year, one billion tons of oil pass through the ports and waters of the EU. Two billion tons of goods are loaded and unloaded in its ports. Because of the disastrous consequences the sinking of Amoco Cadiz has had on the environment and economy, the European Union continues to develop and strengthen its policy on maritime safety in order to put an end to substandard shipping, primarily through the effective application of international rules. Since 1993, the European Union and its Member States are at the forefront improving legislation on the safety of maritime transport of dangerous goods and substances, striving to eliminate substandard ships, increase protection of the crew, reduce the risk of environmental pollution. The EU is insuring operators who are following the best practices, compared to those who are willing to take shortcuts with the safety of ships, are not commercially disadvantaged. Accidents of the Erika and Prestige encouraged the EU to radically reform its legal system and to adopt new rules and standards for the prevention of accidents at sea, particularly those involving tankers. For more than thirty years the European Union has not stopped to strengthen and to improve its legislation in order to better protect itself against the risks of pollution due to maritime transports of dangerous goods. It has updated its regulation consecutivly to several accidents which damaged its coasts ; that is why the safety of maritme transport will always be evolving
10

Kožariková, Veronika. "Hodnotenie environmentálneho statku - východoslovenská priehrada Ružín." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73872.

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The main purpose of the diploma thesis is to determine the willingness of people visiting the Eastern Slovak dam Ružín to pay for improving water quality, namely for the environmental good. Willingness to pay is determined by questionnaire investigation the contingent valuation method. Dam is a public good, which has no owner. We all use it without someone to care for it. This use is not positive, but negative in terms of pollution, clogging of toxic sediments. The theoretical part is devoted to construction and the need to build dam as well as environmental problems, which occur at the dam. This is related to the problem of public good and "the tragedy of the commons." There are the contingent valuation method and development of the questionnaire described at the end of theoretical part. The practical part consists of the evaluation questionnaire investigation and the linear regression model in terms of the parameters under which they were created identifiers variables and point estimates. Finally, it is converted by statistical analysis of the impact of variables on the amount that people are willing to pay.
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Books on the topic "Polluting goods":

1

Eskeland, Gunnar S. Is demand for polluting goods manageable?: An econometric study of car ownership and use in Mexico. Washington, D.C: World Bank, Policy Research Dept., Public Economics Division, 1994.

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Kumar, Ashish. Trade in environmental goods: A perspective. Mumbai: Export-Import Bank of India, 2017.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., ed. The global environmental goods and services industry. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1996.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., ed. The global environmental goods and services industry. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1996.

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Eskeland, Gunnar S. Taxing bads by taxing goods: Pollution control with presumptive charges. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1996.

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Kocheleva, Z. P. Proizvodstvo tovarov narodnogo potreblenii͡a︡ v Buri͡a︡tskoĭ ASSR. Ulan-Udė: Buri͡a︡tskoe knizhnoe izd-vo, 1989.

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Belogolovov, V. F. Geokhimicheskiĭ atlas g. Ulan-Udė. Ulan-Udė: Buri͡a︡tskoe knizhnoe izd-vo, 1989.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Child and Aging Health Protection Division. Promoting good prenatal health: Air pollution and pregnancy. Washington, D.C.]: Office of Children's Health Protection and Environmental Education, Child and Aging Health Protection Division, EPA, 2010.

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Fisheries and Food Great Britain. Ministry of Agriculture. Code of good agricultural practice for the protection of air. London: MAFF, 1992.

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Sigman, Hilary. Decentralization and environmental quality: An international analysis of water pollution. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polluting goods":

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Al Shamsi, Ahmed, Ammar Al Raisi, and Muhammad Aftab. "Pollution-Inventory Routing Problem with Perishable Goods." In EcoProduction, 585–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07287-6_42.

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Soretz, Susanne. "Efficient Dynamic Pollution Taxation in an Uncertain Environment." In The Economics Of Non-Market Goods And Resources, 101–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6293-3_6.

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Germain, Marc, Philippe Toint, Henry Tulkens, and Aart de Zeeuw. "Transfers to Sustain Dynamic Core-Theoretic Cooperation in International Stock Pollutant Control." In Public goods, environmental externalities and fiscal competition, 251–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-25534-7_14.

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Lewandowski, Thomas A. "Designing Good Sampling Plans for Characterizing Pesticide Pollution." In Environmental Security Assessment and Management of Obsolete Pesticides in Southeast Europe, 23–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6461-3_2.

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Rovira, J. Soler, J. Soler Soler, P. Soler Rovira, and A. Polo Sánchez. "Code of Good Agricultural Practice and water pollution." In Fertilizers and Environment, 569–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_101.

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Kelly, Carol A., John W. M. Rudd, Vincent L. Louis, and Andrew Heyes. "Is Total Mercury Concentration a Good Predictor of Methyl Mercury Concentration in Aquatic Systems?" In Mercury as a Global Pollutant, 715–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0153-0_77.

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Eskeland, Gunnar S., and Shantayanan Devarajan. "Taxing Bads by Taxing Goods: Towards Efficient Pollution Control with Presumptive Charges." In Public Economics and the Environment in an Imperfect World, 61–112. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0661-0_4.

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Alvear, Oscar, Carlos T. Calafate, Nicola Roberto Zema, Enrico Natalizio, Enrique Hernández-Orallo, Juan-Carlos Cano, and Pietro Manzoni. "PdUC-D: A Discretized UAV Guidance System for Air Pollution Monitoring Tasks." In Smart Objects and Technologies for Social Good, 385–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76111-4_38.

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Saini, Tushar, Duni Chand Rana, Suresh Attri, Pratik Chaturvedi, and Varun Dutt. "Forecasting of Air Pollution via a Low-Cost IoT-Based Monitoring System." In IoT and Cloud Computing for Societal Good, 25–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73885-3_3.

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Lévêque, François. "Externalities, Collective Goods and the Requirement of a State’s Intervention in Pollution Abatement." In Voluntary Approaches in Environmental Policy, 17–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9311-3_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polluting goods":

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Haapala, Karl R., Fu Zhao, Jaime Camelio, John W. Sutherland, Steven J. Skerlos, David A. Dornfeld, I. S. Jawahir, Hong Chao Zhang, and Andres F. Clarens. "A Review of Engineering Research in Sustainable Manufacturing." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50300.

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Sustainable manufacturing has been defined by the U.S. Department of Commerce as the creation of manufactured products using processes that minimize negative environmental impacts, conserve energy and natural resources, are safe for employees, communities, and consumers, and are economically sound. Thus, it requires simultaneous consideration of economic, environmental, and social implications associated with production and delivery of goods. Research in sustainable manufacturing is an important activity that informs product development from a life cycle perspective. At the process level, sustainable manufacturing research addresses issues related to planning, analysis and improvement, and the development of processes. At a systems level, sustainable manufacturing research addresses challenges relating to supply chain design, facility design and operations, and production planning. Though economically vital, manufacturing processes and systems have retained the negative image of being inefficient, polluting, and dangerous. Through strategic activities focused on sustainable processes and systems, industrial and academic engineering researchers are re-imagining manufacturing as a source of innovation to meet society’s future needs. Recent research into concepts, methods, and tools for sustainable manufacturing are highlighted at the systems level, and explored more deeply as they relate to discrete manufacturing process development and analysis. Despite recent developments in decision making, and process- and systems-level research, many challenges and opportunities remain. Several of these in manufacturing research, development, implementation, and education are highlighted.
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Orecchini, Fabio, Federico Villatico Campbell, and Adriano Alessandrini. "The HOST Vehicle Concept: Human Oriented Sustainable Transport." In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74072.

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HOST is an innovative vehicle concept suitable for the urban transport of both persons and goods. To lower the impact of mobility on the cities, cleaner vehicles are not enough: an integrated passenger and freight strategy must be adopted. Cleaner vehicles must be specifically designed for the purpose to be better than conventional ones under any aspect, including costs. To lower such costs and to start up the Low Polluting Vehicles (LPV) market the versatility of LPVs has to be enhanced. HOST aims at developing a fully versatile low-cost LPV concept. Versatility is achieved by making HOST vehicle modular and cost reduction is obtained by using the same vehicle for different purposes, simply changing different cabins on the same chassis. The main four tasks HOST is conceived for are: • Nocturne collective taxi; • Daytime car sharing services; • Daytime freight collection and distribution; • Nocturne garbage collection. The four mentioned services are not the only ones HOST may be used for, but are those for which it is specifically studied. Such choice is made for one very simple reason: all of the four tasks belong to the same family of “municipal services”. Using the same chassis to operate all the different services is feasible and can finally create the critical mass of final users, so to reach convenient prices. The four services chosen, two addressing passenger mobility and two addressing freight mobility, go all in the way of reducing city mobility impact. Car sharing and nocturne collective taxi systems, if integrated with public transport, can increase its attractiveness, pushing more people to use it. Freight pick-up and delivery and garbage collection need a low polluting alternative to be re-organised, so to become sustainable. The powertrain layout and the possibility to easily vary the platform main dimensions enable HOST to be equipped with very different bodyworks, which let the car manufacturer provides both private and public bodies, such as municipalities or urban mobility authorities. More in detail the energy system is all included in the HOST platform and it is conceived in shaped boxes, so that its modules become inter-exchangeable. A series hybrid configuration let HOST to be equipped with an internal combustion engine (ICE) coupled with an energy recovery system (batteries+supercapacitors), anyhow is already designed to utilise fuel cells (FC) powered by pure hydrogen just changing the energy module (and the tank), being this last the final purpose of the concept design. Thanks to these two solutions HOST is able to run as a zero emission vehicle for a limited period (ICE) or for the whole driving cycle (FC). A full drive-by-wire solution is adopted and the only mechanical connections between the cabin and the platform will be a specifically designed mechanical anchorage, these solutions will allow the easy installation/removal of any cabin. The vehicle has four wheel drive capability (4WD), thus featuring a good grip even on slippery roads. The four electric motors (one per wheel) allow an easy traction control, ensuring stability and safety. The chassis has a four wheel total steering (4WS) configuration, that enables the vehicle to rotate around its vertical axis as well as the to shift horizontally. These characteristics give HOST decisive advantages for the missions it has been conceived for. The 4WS capability gives to the vehicle easy manoeuvring in little streets in the cities centres and they are useful for the accurate positioning to be easily accessible by wheel chairs, during freight loading/unloading operations and while it runs as a garbage truck. Only a modular vehicle featuring the reusing concept can cover contemporarily all the selected services: one vehicle chassis with different sizes interchangeable energy generation modules and different bodies, depending on the service it is used for. Such concept, other than abating the environmental impact, will allow: • a reduction of costs: one chassis can fit several bodies compensating the higher cost of a low environmental impact energy and traction system; • a reduction of occupied space: the vehicle is always in use, night and day; • a reduction of waste materials, increasing their lifetime; • an increased life of vehicles, due to the possibility of changing bodies and energy generation modules; • traffic congestion reduction: using and reusing one vehicle for several services.
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Broekx, S., E. Meynaerts, P. Vercaemst, S. Ochelen, and A. Beckers. "Towards a good surface water state in the Flemish Region of Belgium with the Environmental Costing Model." In WATER POLLUTION 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp060141.

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Tavakoli, Behtash, and Goodarz Ahmadi. "Modeling Wind Flow and Particulate Pollutant Dispersion Around a Realistic Model of a Building Using Large-Eddy Simulation." In ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2012-72362.

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Urban air pollution has been of concern due to its adverse effect on human health. A major portion of urban air pollution is attributed to vehicle emissions. Center of Excellence (CoE) Building was built in Syracuse NY at the intersection of two major highways. The building is fully instrumented for assessing outdoor and indoor air pollutions. In this study the airflow and the dispersion of particulate air pollutants emitted from the highways surrounding the CoE building were analyzed. The wind flow around the model of the CoE building was first simulated using the RANS model. Comparison of the numerical simulations with the available PIV experimental data showed that the RANS turbulence model was not able to capture all features of the flow field due to the complexity of the building’s geometry. While the pressure field on the walls of the building model matched with those measured by the pressure taps, some aspects of the airflow velocity profile were not in agreement with the PIV data. The computational modeling of the wind flow around the building was then performed using the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) approach. The mean velocity magnitude predicted by the LES showed good agreement with the experimental PIV measurements. The simulated flow field was used to predict the dispersion of the particulate pollutant around the building and the deposition fraction of particles on the walls of the building is studied.
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Gałuszka, Agnieszka, and Zdzisław Migaszewski. "Is zirconium a good marker of traffic-related pollution?" In Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.15270.

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Bosello, Michael, Giovanni Delnevo, and Silvia Mirri. "On exploiting Gamification for the Crowdsensing of Air Pollution." In GoodTechs '20: 6th EAI International Conference on Smart Objects and Technologies for Social Good. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3411170.3411256.

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S., Sivakumar, John Presin Kumar Ayyaswamy, Balaji R, Mukesh Nadarajan, and Suneel Koppisetti. "Protective Facial Mask Filters Made from Timber Wood Wastes: An Useful Recycling Approach." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-28-0451.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Anti-pollution masks have been experiencing a noteworthy importance in protecting people from hazardous health effects imparted by pollution gases. Incorporating elements with good adsorption properties in mask could enhance the filtration of air in a fine quality. Activated carbon has been well acknowledged in terms of evincing adequate adsorption properties. This peculiar property of activated carbon made it to be appraised where air filtration comes into light. This work deals with a novel methodology for measurement study on the pollutant gas adsorption effect of activated carbon particle pellets incorporated in the protective facial mask for better adsorption of main pollutant gases utilizing recycled wood wastes. The resulted mask is up to the par and adsorption capability is well appreciated enough to resist the passage of dust particles through nostrils. Easily available and scraped industrial wood waste materials were utilized to synthesize activated carbon. This was characterized by fixed carbon percentage, bulk density and scanning electron microscopic morphology study. The effectiveness of adsorption of gases like NO<sub>x</sub>, CO and CO<sub>2</sub> was analysed using AVL gas analyser.</div></div>
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Chudnovsky, B., G. Jinjikhashvily, Y. Schweitzer, A. Talanker, and R. Meir. "Mitigation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Coal Power Stations." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50037.

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Coal fired power stations are among factors mostly polluting atmosphere by greenhouse gases, especially by CO2. Strong efforts are done to reduce this pollution, increasing the generation efficiency by gasification of coal, development of super -critical power units and so on. For the existing power station good results may be achieved by simultaneous optimization of the operation condition including proper choice of the fired coal. An analysis of data collected in IEC, where more than 60% of electricity is generated in coal fired units, makes it possible to explore dependence of greenhouse gases emissions (CO2, SO2, NOx,) on the fired coals composition and operation condition. As a tool for the above data analysis computer technique, created in IEC, was used. The technique is based on a modular numerical model including elements corresponding to furnace, boiler, turbine and the whole power unit. It permits to reveal the influence of the coal composition on the boiler and the whole unit performance, as well as on the pollutant emissions. The technique application permitted to separate impact of the two factors: the coal composition and operation conditions on specific emissions of the pollutants. The main result of the study is that the optimization of operation condition while proper choice of the coal provides decrease of pollutants emissions. 2. Bioconversion of CO2 emitted by power stations by intensive photosynthesis is one of the mostly efficient ways for carbon emissions mitigation, especially in countries with high solar activity. Agricultural projects based on CO2 enrichment by flue gases -greenhouses, water ponds for macro and micro algae growing, forests, citrus orchards and other biological systems, if placed in the neighborhood of the coal-fired power stations with high content of CO2 in the flue gases, can be profitable also because of use of cheap low-potential heat and the station infrastructure. Efforts for removal of pollutant components of the flue gases will be compensated by high CO2 content. First steps in this direction have been done by IEC in collaboration with MATI Lev-ha-Galil, Hishtil Nurseries, ARO and IOLR, with support of the R&D Division of the Ministry of the National Infrastructure and showed feasibility of the proposal.
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Utomo, Sapdo, Adarsh Rouniyar, Guo Hao Jiang, Chun Hao Chang, Kai Chun Tang, Hsiu-Chun Hsu, and Pao-Ann Hsiung. "Eff-AQI: An Efficient CNN-Based Model for Air Pollution Estimation: A Study Case in India." In GoodIT '23: ACM International Conference on Information Technology for Social Good. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3582515.3609531.

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PETRAUSKAITĖ, Erika, and Rasa VAIŠKŪNAITĖ. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF DROPLET BIOFILTER PACKED WITH GREEN SPHAGNUM TO CLEAN AIR FROM VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS." In Conference for Junior Researchers „Science – Future of Lithuania“. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2017.015.

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Volatile organic compound pollution is one of the problems of outdoor and indoor environment air quality. In order to maintain good air quality, air cleaning technologies are being engaged. One of the recent biological air treatment technology is biofiltration. It is a promising treatment of air from volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Experimental research of droplet biofilter for cleaning VOCs was carried out. Biofilter load of green sphagnum was used with the aim to clean three different concentrations of pollutant toluene. Measurements of biofiltration processes were recorded after 20 and 40 days. The aim of this experimental research is to estimate biofilter efficiency using green sphagnum as a load material.

Reports on the topic "Polluting goods":

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Caferatta, Fernando G., Bridget Hoffman, and Carlos Scartascini. Research Insights: What Role Does Trust in Government Play in Support for Public Policies to Improve Air Pollution? Inter-American Development Bank, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003732.

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Trust in government and the perceived quality of public services are positively correlated with support for an additional tax to improve air quality. Trust in government and the perceived quality of public services are positively correlated with a preference for government retention of revenue from fees collected from polluting firms as opposed to distribution of revenue directly to citizens. Trust in government and the perceived quality of public services are not significantly correlated with citizens preferences on the allocation of those revenues between public spending and private goods.
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Cafferata, Fernando G., Bridget Lynn Hoffmann, and Carlos Scartascini. How Can We Improve Air Pollution?: Try Increasing Trust First. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003453.

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Environmental policies are characterized by salient short-term costs and long-term benefits that are difficult to observe and to attribute to the government's efforts. These characteristics imply that citizens' support for environmental policies is highly dependent on their trust in the government's capability to implement solutions and commitment to investments in those policies. Using novel survey data from Mexico City, we show that trust in the government is positively correlated with citizens' willingness to support an additional tax approximately equal to a days minimum wage to improve air quality and greater preference for government retention of revenues from fees collected from polluting firms. We find similar correlations using the perceived quality of public goods as a measure of government competence. These results provide evidence that mistrust can be an obstacle to better environmental outcomes.
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J Dorsey. Good Practice Guide Waste Minimization/Pollution Prevention. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/13782.

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Bolton, Laura. Fair Water Footprint Stakeholder Mapping. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.080.

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This rapid review provides a stakeholder mapping of key players, initiatives, and networks with an operational or strategic interest in the Fair Water Footprint Declaration, based on a list provided by the commissioning adviser. The Declaration commits signatories to take action in terms of sustainable water use whilst minimising pollution. Fair Water Footprint (FWP) is concerned with the water embedded in consumer goods (The Glasgow Declaration for Fair Water Footprints COP 2026, 2021). Considering the water used in the production of a goods or service and whether it is being managed sustainably. FWPs aim to ensure that everything produced ‘does no harm’ and ‘does good’ for water security and climate resilience.
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Lu, Tianjun, Jian-yu Ke, Azure Fisher, Mahmoud Salari, Patricia Valladolid, and Fynnwin Prager. Should State Land in Southern California Be Allocated to Warehousing Goods or Housing People? Analyzing Transportation, Climate, and Unintended Consequences of Supply Chain Solutions. Mineta Transportation Institute, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2231.

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In response to COVID-19 pandemic supply chain issues, the State of California issued Executive Order (EO) N-19-21 to use state land to increase warehousing capacity. This highlights a land-use paradox between economic and environmental goals: adding warehouse capacity increases climate pollution and traffic congestion around the ports and warehouses, while there is a deficit of affordable housing and high homeless rates in port-adjacent underserved communities. This study aims to inform regional policymakers and community stakeholders about these trade-offs by identifying current and future supply of and demand for warehousing and housing in Southern California through 2040. The study uses statistical analysis and forecasting, and evaluates across numerous scenarios the environmental impact of meeting demand for both with the Community LINE Source Model. Warehousing and housing are currently projected to be in high demand across Southern California in future decades, despite short-run adjustments in the post-pandemic period of inflation and net declines in population. Using state land for warehousing creates environmental justice concerns, as the number of air pollution hotspots increases even with electrifying trucking fleets, especially when compared against low-impact affordable housing developments. However, low-income housing demand appears to be positively correlated with unemployment, suggesting that the jobs provided by warehousing development might help to ameliorate that concern.
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Idrissov, Marat, Yelena Yerzakovich, Hans-Liudger Dienel, and Tom Assmann. Sustainable mobility and logistics for Central Asia: Research perspectives for a climate center. Kazakh German University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29258/cnrswps/2022/1-20.eng.

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Urban transportation is on the one hand a vital component of a city and on the other a major factor of concern. The latter is due to the high impact on air pollution, carbon dioxide emissions, and fatalities. This is not just caused by the mobility of people but also, and increasingly, by the need to transport goods. Cities in Central Asia are often associated with strong air pollution and rising greenhouse gas emissions from urban transport contradicting the global strive for a carbon-neutral world by 2050. In the light of sustainable development, it is, therefore, the objective to reduce the externalities of urban mobility and urban logistics jointly. The German-Kazakh University in Almaty envisions fostering the transformation to sustainability in Central Asia by setting up a climate center. One pillar will be urban transport. In this working paper, an interdisciplinary team of experts from Kazakhstan and Germany investigates fields of action and research for this center. The team describes stakeholders to involve, potential funding opportunities, and first actions for each of the identified fields. The working paper provides a fruitful basis for academics and partners to set up the center and to involve new partners.
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Idrissov, Marat, Yelena Yerzakovich, Hans-Liudger Dienel, and Tom Assmann. Sustainable mobility and logistics for Central Asia: Research perspectives for a climate center. Kazakh German University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29258/cnrswps/2022/1-20.eng.

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Urban transportation is on the one hand a vital component of a city and on the other a major factor of concern. The latter is due to the high impact on air pollution, carbon dioxide emissions, and fatalities. This is not just caused by the mobility of people but also, and increasingly, by the need to transport goods. Cities in Central Asia are often associated with strong air pollution and rising greenhouse gas emissions from urban transport contradicting the global strive for a carbon-neutral world by 2050. In the light of sustainable development, it is, therefore, the objective to reduce the externalities of urban mobility and urban logistics jointly. The German-Kazakh University in Almaty envisions fostering the transformation to sustainability in Central Asia by setting up a climate center. One pillar will be urban transport. In this working paper, an interdisciplinary team of experts from Kazakhstan and Germany investigates fields of action and research for this center. The team describes stakeholders to involve, potential funding opportunities, and first actions for each of the identified fields. The working paper provides a fruitful basis for academics and partners to set up the center and to involve new partners.
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Martin, Noémie, and Pierre-Olivier Pineau. Choosing to Pay More for Electricity: an experiment on the level of residential consumer cooperation. CIRANO, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/xdvi6385.

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Reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions are two cornerstones of the fight against climate change. Signaling negative externalities of individual consumption on the environment is at the heart of public policies, and usually materializes through an increase in the price of polluting good and services. However, social resistance typically arises when such policies are implemented. In this experiment, we are interested in testing the context in which individuals would be willing to pay more for electricity. We use the situation of Québec (Canada), where low-cost hydropower sold below market value, akin to a consumption subsidy, leads to high residential consumption. Increasing regulated prices closer to their market value would result in a direct welfare gain and free some green energy, reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) in other sectors. The choice to pay more is a prisoner’s dilemma, and we find in this framework that giving clear and transparent information on the consequences of the price increase induces a majority of people to choose to pay more. In addition to the economic benefit of the public good, the presence of the environmental benefit increases contributions. Participants with a more severe budget constraint tend to contribute less. These results are encouraging for the development of efficient energy policies reducing GHG emissions.
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Cuerden, Richard, Mary Williams, Jeanne Breen, Dan Campsal, Suzy Charman, David G. Davies, Nick Reed, and Sarah Simpson. Safe Roads for All. TRL, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/ohss3066.

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It calls on UK Government to publish, with urgency, a Safe and Healthy Mobility Strategy and Action Plan for roads and civic spaces across the UK that is based on Safe System solutions; and for Government to place this strategy and action plan at the heart of its transport policy decisions to save people and the planet. This report proposes goals, work areas, and priority actions for the strategy and action plan. Safe and healthy mobility means we get around on roads and around our civic spaces (the spaces between our buildings) in ways that: prevent death and serious injury from road crashes; prevent death and illness from air pollution and inactivity; and achieve decarbonisation to tackle the climate crisis. We enable people to move around in active ways (walking, cycling) and we enable the safe, clean, and green use of vehicles too; to move our goods, deliver services, or move people, including by public transport.
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Agrawal, Asha Weinstein, Hilary Nixon, and Cameron Simmons. Investing in California’s Transportation Future: Public Opinion on Critical Needs. Mineta Transportation Institute, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1861.

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In 2017, the State of California adopted landmark legislation to increase the funds available for transportation in the state: Senate Bill 1 (SB1), the Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017. Through a combination of higher gas and diesel motor fuel taxes, SB1 raises revenue for four critical transportation needs in the state: road maintenance and rehabilitation, relief from congestion, improvements to trade corridors, and improving transit and rail services. To help state leaders identify the most important projects and programs to fund within those four topical areas, we conducted an online survey that asked a sample of 3,574 adult Californians their thoughts on how the state can achieve the SB1 objectives. The survey was administered from April to August 2019 with a survey platform and panel of respondents managed by Qualtrics. Quota sampling ensured that the final sample closely reflects California adults in terms of key socio-demographic characteristics and geographic distribution. Key findings included very strong support for improving all transportation modes, reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from transportation, and more convenient options to travel without driving. Respondents placed particular value on better maintenance for both local streets and roads, as well as highways. Finally, the majority of respondents assessed all types of transportation infrastructure in their communities as somewhat or very good.

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