Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pollutant reduction

Academic literature on the topic 'Pollutant reduction'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pollutant reduction"

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Chu, Peter C., and Kleanthis Kyriakidis. "Chemical Spill Characteristics in the San Diego Bay." Marine Technology Society Journal 45, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.2.5.

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AbstractDispersion of ocean pollutants in estuarine environments and bays (such as San Diego Bay) depends on the location of the source of the pollutants relative to the mouth and the tidal excursion, which is the net horizontal distance over which a pollutant particle moves during one tidal cycle of flood and ebb. Pollutant dispersion was investigated using a coupled hydrodynamic and chemical discharge model in this study. The results show the existence of two distinct (northern and southern) spill patterns of pollutant dispersion. The northern spill pattern is characterized by fast reduction of the pollutant concentration in the water column, rapid dispersion of pollutants to the San Diego port and to outside of the San Diego Bay, and slow dispersion of pollutants to the southern bay. The southern spill pattern is characterized by slow reduction of the pollutant concentration in the water column, slow dispersion, and confinement of pollutants in the southern San Diego Bay. The results may be useful for ocean pollution control and management.
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Liu, Weijiang, and Mingze Du. "Is Technological Progress Selective for Multiple Pollutant Emissions?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 9286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179286.

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Current research on technological progress does not focus on whether there is a biased selection of technological progress based on the resulting pollutant emissions and the emission reduction effect. This paper measures green total factor productivity for 30 provinces in China from 2004–2018 and tests whether technological progress is selectively biased towards the pollutants emitted. The results find a selective bias of technological progress on pollutant emissions, and there is also heterogeneity in the selective bias across regions. The current level of technological progress is on the right side of the inverted U-shaped inflection point for SO2 and PM2.5 and the left side of the inverted U-shaped inflection point for CO2. The improvement of technological progress can reduce the emissions of SO2 and PM2.5. Still, the results indicate that the reduction effect of these two pollutants originates from the treatment process rather than reducing the source of the production side. The inability of technological advancement to reduce CO2 emissions suggests some carbon lock-in in China’s technological advancement. The Chinese government should increase the proportion of new energy applications and reduce the production methods of polluting industries to reduce pollutants effectively.
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Bao, Shuanghui, Osamu Nishiura, Shinichiro Fujimori, Ken Oshiro, and Runsen Zhang. "Identification of Key Factors to Reduce Transport-Related Air Pollutants and CO2 Emissions in Asia." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 7621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187621.

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Asian countries are major contributors to global air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, with transportation demand and emissions expected to increase. However, few studies have been performed to evaluate policies that could reduce transport-related emissions in the region. This study explores transport-related CO2 and air pollutant emissions in major Asian nations along with the impacts of transport, climate, and emission control policies using the Asia-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM)/Transport model. Our results show that by 2050, CO2 emissions in developing countries will be 1.4–4.7-fold greater than the levels in 2005, while most air pollutant emissions will show large reductions (mean annual reduction rates of 0.2% to 6.1%). Notably, implementation of transport, emission control, and carbon pricing policies would reduce CO2 emissions by up to 33% and other air pollutants by 43% to 72%, depending on the emission species. An emission control policy represents the strongest approach for short-term and mid-term reduction of air pollutants. A carbon pricing policy would lead to a direct reduction in CO2 emissions; more importantly, air pollutant emissions would also be effectively reduced. Shifting to public transportation in developing countries can also greatly influence emissions reductions. An increase in traffic speed shows relatively small effects, but can be meaningful in Japan.
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Shao, Yanmin, and Song Han. "The Synergy in the Economic Production System: An Empirical Study with Chinese Industry." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 14, 2019): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11040980.

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Due to the difference in pollutants discharged, along with heterogeneous abatement technology, the structural and model design of the economic production system needs to consider these differences. This study first proposes a network slacks-based model (SBM) to address the inefficiency of the production system after considering pollutant abatement technology heterogeneity for different kinds of pollutant. Then, we employ the model to study the inefficiency of the Chinese industrial production system, analyzing the inefficiency in the stages of economic production and pollutant treatment. Furthermore, the regional distribution of inefficiencies concerning SO2 (NOx) generation (emission) are discussed and compared. The results show that only the joint reduction of NOx in two sub-stages simultaneously is feasible, and the synergistic pollutant reductions seems limited.
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Lötjönen, Sanna, and Markku Ollikainen. "Multiple-pollutant cost-efficiency: Coherent water and climate policy for agriculture." Ambio 48, no. 11 (September 24, 2019): 1304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01257-z.

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Abstract We examine the abatement costs for water and climate pollutants and their respective policies while accounting for cobenefits. We construct private and social marginal cost curves for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient runoff in Finnish agriculture. We find that the social marginal costs of reducing emissions that reflect the cobenefits are lower than the private costs. Accounting for greenhouse gas cobenefits from nutrient load reduction or water cobenefits from climate emissions reduction creates a gap between privately and socially optimal reduction levels. This gap varies depending on the valuation of cobenefits. The cost-efficient reduction of the focus pollutant is increased when cobenefits from the other pollutant are accounted for. For policies, this implies a higher cap or tax on the focus pollutant. We decompose the optimal tax rate to a basic tax on the focus pollutant and on an additional tax component depending on the level of cobenefits.
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Wang, Bing, Yifan Wang, and Yuqing Zhao. "Collaborative Governance Mechanism of Climate Change and Air Pollution: Evidence from China." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 6785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126785.

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Since entering the industrialized era, China’s greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutant emissions have increased rapidly. China is the country with the most greenhouse gas emissions, and it is also facing serious local air pollution problems. China’s industrial sector is the largest contributor to CO2 and air pollutants. The resulting climate change and air pollution issues have caused China to face double pressures. This article uses the CO2 and comprehensive air pollutant emission data of China’s industrial sector as a starting point and uses econometric research methods to explore the synergy between China’s industrial carbon emission reduction and industrial comprehensive air pollutant emission reduction. The synergistic effect between industrial carbon emissions and industrial comprehensive air pollutant emissions has been quantified, and the transmission path of the synergistic effect has been explored. The empirical results show that there are benefits of synergistic governance between climate change and air pollution in China’s industrial sector. Every 1000 tons of carbon reduction in the industrial sector will result in 1 ton of comprehensive air pollutant reduction. The increase in R&D expenditure in the energy and power sector can significantly promote the reduction of air pollutants in the industrial sector. Increasing the intensity of environmental regulations is the main expansion path for synergy. However, in eastern, central, and western China, the synergy is not the same. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate regionally differentiated emission reduction policies. The research conclusions of this article can provide policy references for the coordinated governance of climate change and air pollution in China.
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Zhang, Guo Feng, Tun Yen Wang, Takeshi Mizunoya, Helmut Yabar, Jing Jing Yan, Jing Hua Sha, and Yoshiro Higano. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Environmental Policy for Water Pollutants Reduction in Beijing, China." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1833.

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The purpose of this paper is to construct a dynamic comprehensive optimization simulation model to forecast the net load of water pollutant and economic growth rate of Beijing. Our results propose an optimal policy for helping to achieve the goal of sustainable development. We performed a linear optimization modeling by using LINGO software to simulate a socio-economic model and an environmental model with input-output table. The socio-economic model represents the relationship between socio-economic activities and water pollutant emissions. The environmental model represents the changes in the amount of water pollutants generated.
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He, Pinglin, Jing Ning, Zhongfu Yu, Hao Xiong, Huayu Shen, and Hui Jin. "Can Environmental Tax Policy Really Help to Reduce Pollutant Emissions? An Empirical Study of a Panel ARDL Model Based on OECD Countries and China." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 13, 2019): 4384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164384.

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Under the background that environmental tax has increasingly become the main means of environmental governance in various countries, it is particularly important to study the effect of environmental tax on reducing pollutants and then put forward suggestions for building a scientific and rational environmental tax system. The novelty of this paper is the investigation of the pollutant emission reduction effects of environmental taxes in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries and Chinese provinces at the same time, and further comparison of the pollutant emission reduction effects of environmental taxes in OECD and China under different environmental tax collection scales, industrial added value levels, and economic development conditions based on Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Modelling Approach (ARDL). The data are derived from environmental taxes and pollutants of OECD countries from 1994 to 2016 and Chinese provinces from 2004 to 2016. The results show that from the overall regression results, environmental taxes really help to reduce pollutant emissions, both in OECD countries and China. From the grouping regression results, the OECD countries and Chinese inland provinces with small-scale or medium-level of environmental tax revenue and higher level of economic growth all show better emission reduction effects, while OECD countries with low industrial added value and Chinese inland provinces with high industrial added value have more significant effects on pollutant emission reduction via environmental taxes.
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Li, Hui, Xianchun Tan, Jianxin Guo, Kaiwei Zhu, and Chen Huang. "Study on an Implementation Scheme of Synergistic Emission Reduction of CO2 and Air Pollutants in China’s Steel Industry." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020352.

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China’s steel industry is an energy-intensive sector. Synergistic reduction of emissions of CO2 and air pollutants (SO2, NOx, and PM2.5) in the steel industry has an important practical significance for climate change and air pollution control. According to the CO2 emission reduction intensity targets (CERO) and air pollutant emission targets (PERO) for 2020 and 2030, 28 types of energy-saving and emission reduction technologies (20 types of carbon reduction technology and eight types of air pollution end-of-pipe technology) were selected for examination, and a two-stage dynamic optimization model with collaborative implementation of PERO and CERO was built to assess the near future (2015–2020) and long-term (2020–2030) implementation plans for synergistic emissions reduction of CO2 and air pollutants. The results show that in the near future, the implementation of PERO will have a greater synergistic effect on CO2 emission reduction. CO2 emission reduction under PERO in 2020 will be 97 million tons (Mt) higher than that of CERO, an increase of nearly 26%. However, the effects of implementing CERO are better in the long run. Under CERO, the emission reductions of SO2, NOx, and PM2.5 in 2030 are 2.44 Mt, 1.47 Mt, and 0.86 Mt, respectively, and 7%, 4%, and 5% higher than the implementation of PERO. As far as marginal abatement cost is concerned, in the near future, the marginal abatement costs of CO2 and air pollutant equivalents are 1.06 yuan/kgCO2 and 133 yuan/kg pollution equivalent (pe) under PERO, which are 23% and 11% lower than that of CERO, while in the long run, the marginal abatement costs of CO2 and pollutant equivalents under CERO are 0.025 yuan/kgCO2 and 2.73 yuan/kgpe, about 96% and 95% lower than that of PERO.
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Nasir, Mostofa Kamal, Rafidah Md Noor, M. A. Kalam, and B. M. Masum. "Reduction of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Pollutant Using Intelligent Transport Systems." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/836375.

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Greenhouse gas emitted by the transport sector around the world is a serious issue of concern. To minimize such emission the automobile engineers have been working relentlessly. Researchers have been trying hard to switch fossil fuel to alternative fuels and attempting to various driving strategies to make traffic flow smooth and to reduce traffic congestion and emission of greenhouse gas. Automobile emits a massive amount of pollutants such as Carbon Monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Intelligent transport system (ITS) technologies can be implemented to lower pollutant emissions and reduction of fuel consumption. This paper investigates the ITS techniques and technologies for the reduction of fuel consumption and minimization of the exhaust pollutant. It highlights the environmental impact of the ITS application to provide the state-of-art green solution. A case study also advocates that ITS technology reduces fuel consumption and exhaust pollutant in the urban environment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pollutant reduction"

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Popovic, Bojan. "Combustion generated pollutant reduction through jet enhanced mixing, an experimental study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/MQ40975.pdf.

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Alves, Marcel Martins. "Employment of acoustic field for pollutant emission reduction under lean combustion." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2011. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1930.

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Pulsating combustion is a technique that directly intervenes in combustion processes modifying pollutant emissions and increasing thermal efficiency by varying pressure and temperature in the flame region. The pulsations accelerate mixture rate between oxidant and fuel, resulting in a more intense combustion process, with low fuel waste and potential for low emission of pollutants originated by partial combustion, such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and soot. The flame structure is modified by introducing an acoustic field in the process, and the flame has its color changed from yellowish, with a high formation of soot, to bluish. This bluish color of the flame is a feature of premixed flames. The main focus of this work is to use acoustic field in order to promote a homogeneous mixture between oxidant and natural gas under extremely lean conditions, thereby trying to conciliate low emissions of both incomplete combustion products and NOx. Besides, a preliminary study was carried out in order to figure out how combustion instabilities could affect the combustion process. It was verified that combustion instability occurrence is strongly influenced by energy availability and flame velocity. Moreover, when considering pollutant emissions, it was noticed that when the maximum acoustic velocity overcame the flow velocity, there was inversion of pollutant emission behavior due to flow reversibility and deceleration. Therefore, acoustic displacement is the most important parameter to understand and control pollutant emissions. Furthermore, at some conditions, especially at low frequency, it was possible to reduce partial combustion product emissions without prompting NOx formation. .
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Sakhrieh, Ahmad Hasan. "Reduction of pollutant emissions from high pressure flames using an electric field." Erlangen ESYTEC, Energie- und Systemtechnik GmbH, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2959665&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Hofstetter, Thomas Bernhard. "Reduction of polynitroaromatic compounds by reduced iron species : coupling biogeochemical processes with pollutant transformation /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13140.

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Wood, Frances Ruth. "Integrating the delivery of greenhouse gas and air pollutant emisssions reduction at the local level : a UK case study." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446462.

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Krievans, Liga. "Land of Mercury-Tinted Water: An Investigation of Methylmercury as an International Economic By-Product Pollutant and Local Cultural Detriment in the State of Minnesota." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/610.

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This thesis covers how global mercury emissions are effecting the Great Lakes region, specifically focusing on Minnesota. Minnesota is sensitive to mercury due to its abundant waters and love of fishing. Establishing state regulation and diversifying the State's economy only addresses a small percentage of emitted mercury prominent in Minnesota. Therefore, Minnesota must look to and promote out of State regulation to significantly decrease mercury exposure.
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Arthozoul, Simon Jean Louis. "Study of the association of premixed and diffusive combustion processes on the combustion and pollutant emissions in a mid-size Diesel engine." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/63262.

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[EN] The main objective of this thesis is the analysis and comprehension of the association of two different combustion concepts (premixed and diffusive combustion) on the pollutant emissions and engine performance in a mid-size Diesel engine. The evaluation is performed at mid and high load conditions, where the implementation of premixed combustion is generally challenging. The association of the two combustion modes is hard to attain in a conventional Diesel engine, especially the preparation of the premixed charge with early pilot injection. Therefore, the approach followed during the study has been divided in two main steps: first, the bibliography on the subject is reviewed and two strategies avoiding the main issues mentioned in the literature are grossly evaluated in order to estimate their potential for emission reduction. Second, a deeper study of the combustion processes and emissions formation is performed, focusing only on the partially premixed combustion strategies that actually have the potential for emissions reduction. Along the second part of the study, the association of premixed and diffusive combustion is evaluated together with variation of conventional calibration parameters such as the intake oxygen concentration (via exhaust gas recirculation), the boost pressure and the start of the main injection timing, at different engine speed and load conditions. A cross analysis of the results obtained is performed in order to understand the key reasons that permit the reduction of the pollutant emissions with this strategy. In a final part of the thesis, the partially premixed combustion strategies studied are confronted with the challenges they might face when really considered for their introduction in a production engine (oil-dilution, noise...) to finally conclude on their technological potential.
[ES] El objetivo principal de la Tesis es el an álisis y la comprensi ón de la asociaci ón de dos conceptos de combusti ón diferentes (combusti ón en premezcla y por difusi ón) en las emisiones contaminantes y las prestaciones en un motor Diesel de cilindrada media. La evaluaci ón se realiza en condiciones de media y alta carga, en la cuales la implementaci ón de una combusti ón premezclada es generalmente complicada. La asociaci ón de los dos modos de combusti ón es dif cil de conseguir en un motor Diesel convencional, especialmente la preparaci ón de la carga premezclada con inyecci ón piloto adelantada. Por esa raz ón, el estudio se divide en dos partes principales: primero se revisa la bibliograf ía acerca del tema, centrando la atenci ón en dos estrategias que permiten evitar los principales problemas evocados en la literatura, determinando su potencial para la reducci ón de las emisiones contaminantes. En un segundo lugar, se realiza un estudio m as profundo de los procesos de combusti ón y de formaci ón de contaminantes, centr ándose únicamente en las estrategias de combusti ón parcialmente premezclada que sí tienen el potencial para reducir las emisiones contaminantes. En la segunda parte del estudio, se aborda la asociaci ón de combustiones premezclada y por difusi ón junto con la variaci ón de par ametros de calibraci on convencionales como la concentraci ón de ox ígeno en la admisi ón (por medio de recirculaci ón de los gases de escape), la presi ón de sobrealimentaci ón y el inicio de la inyecci ón principal, en diferentes condiciones de r egimen y de carga del motor. El an álisis cruzado de los resultados se realiza con el af án de entender las razones claves de los procesos que permiten la reducci ón de las emisiones contaminantes con esta estrategia. Como etapa final de esta tesis, se confrontan las estrategias de combusti ón parcialmente premezclada estudiadas con los problemas a los cuales podr ían llevar si realmente se considerar a su implementaci ón y un motor de serie (diluci ón de aceite, ruido...) para finalmente concluir sobre su potencial tecnol ógico.
[CAT] L'objectiu principal de la tesi es l'an alisi i la comprensi o de l'associaci o de dos conceptes de combusti o diferents (combusti o en premescla i per difusi o) en les emissions contaminants i les prestacions en un motor Di esel de cilindrada mitjana. L'avaluaci o es realitza en condicions de mitja i alta c arrega, en las quals la implementaci o d'una combusti o premesclada es generalment complicada. L'associaci o dels dos modes de combusti o es dif cil d'aconseguir en un motor Di esel convencional, especialment la preparaci o de la c arrega premesclada amb injecci o pilot avan cada. Per eixa ra o, l'estudi es divideix en dos parts principals: primer es revisa la bibliogra a sobre el tema, centrant l'atenci o en dos estrat egies que permeten evitar els principals problemes evocats en la literatura, determinant el seu potencial per a la reducci o de les emissions contaminants. En un segon lloc, es realitza un estudi m es profund dels processos de combusti o i de formaci o de contaminants, centrant-se unicament en les estrat egies de combusti o parcialment premesclada que si que tenen el potencial per a reduir les emissions contaminants. En la segona part de l'estudi, s'aborda l'associaci o de combustions premesclada i per difusi o junt amb la variaci o de par ametres de calibratge convencionals com la concentraci o d'oxigen en l'admissi o (per mitj a de recirculaci o dels gasos d'escapament), la pressi o de sobrealimentaci o i l'inici de la injecci o principal, en diferents condicions de r egim i de c arrega del motor. L'an alisi creuat dels resultats es realitza amb l'afany d'entendre les raons claus dels processos que permeten la reducci o de les emissions contaminants amb esta estrat egia. Com a etapa final d'esta tesi, es confronten les estrat egies de combusti o parcialment premesclada estudiades amb els problemes als quals podrien portar si realment es consideraria la seua implementaci o en un motor de s erie (diluci o d'oli, soroll...) per a finalment concloure sobre el seu potencial tecnol ogic.
Arthozoul, SJL. (2016). Study of the association of premixed and diffusive combustion processes on the combustion and pollutant emissions in a mid-size Diesel engine [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/63262
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Waddick, Caitlin Janson. "Healthy residential developments: reducing pollutant exposures for vulnerable populations with multiple chemical sensitivities." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37270.

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Many serious illnesses are linked to everyday exposures to toxic chemicals. In the U.S., most chemical exposure comes from common consumer products such as pesticides, fragranced products, cleaning supplies, and building materials--products so widely used that people consider them "safe." As the links between everyday toxic exposures and potential health effects become better understood, evidence increasingly shows that reducing exposures can create a healthier society. Although some individuals may choose to build a healthy home and maintain a healthy household, they are still exposed to pollutants at their residences from the actions of others, such as to pesticides that are used by neighbors, businesses, and governments. They need healthy residential developments in environmentally healthy communities. This research investigates "healthy residential developments," defined as a property that aims to reduce pollutant exposures to the extent required by vulnerable populations, which for this research are individuals with multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS). Through a case study approach, this research investigates two exemplars of healthy residential developments, and explains how and why they form and continue. It also examines their implementation methods, and implications for planning and policy. Primary data collection methods included in-person interviews, telephone interviews, and site visits. Research strategies included the analysis of interview data, and categorical aggregation using thematic categories within and across cases. The categories focused on factors of formation and continuation for the two healthy residential developments. Findings include the challenges of people disabled with MCS to find safe housing; the importance of planning to address these challenges; the role of individuals, funding, and zoning in the formation of healthy residential developments; the role of funding, safe maintenance, and property management in their continuation; and, the need for affordable and safe housing for vulnerable populations. Future research can address the need to develop methods to create and sustain healthy residential developments, understand and reduce sources of exposure that initiate and trigger chemical sensitivity, and investigate experiences and implementation strategies in other countries.
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Newton, David Brooke. "The Effectiveness of Modular Porous Pavement as a Stormwater Treatment Device." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367825.

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The potential of porous pavement to meet the key stormwater management objectives of peak discharge control, pollutant removal and runoff volume reduction has been recognised for several decades. However, concerns over maintenance and the structural inferiority of porous pavements have led to interest in pavement systems that utilize both porous and impervious pavements. In such systems the porous pavement may act as a treatment device for impervious area runoff. This study examines the extent to which such combined pavement systems are capable of reducing the impacts of urbanisation on downstream hydrology and water quality. To achieve this objective, experimental and numerical investigations were undertaken to quantify the hydrologic, hydraulic and pollutant removal characteristics of modular, lattice pavement, constructed on an impermeable membrane. This type of construction eliminates the potential for differential settlement associated with variations in sub-grade moisture content and avoids the migration of dissolved pollutants to groundwater. Using design scenarios, the numerical models of component processes are combined to investigate the performance of pervious/impervious pavement systems for effective stormwater treatment. A plot-scale field experiment was undertaken to quantify evaporative water loss from this type of pavement. The potential to increase evaporation by incorporating extended detention within the pavement structure was also investigated. Conceptual and numerical models of evaporative water loss from coarse granular media were developed and successfully applied to the experimental data. It is shown that, even without infiltration, this type of porous pavement can substantially reduce runoff volume. However, under subtropical conditions, increasing the amount of water available within the pavement has only a small effect on evaporation. The hydraulic characteristics of porous pavement treating runoff from an impervious area were investigated in an experimental pavement flume. A numerical model was developed to simulate the coupled surface and subsurface flow interactions through the experimental porous pavement. With increasing discharge, surface water runs further onto the porous pavement surface, while the infiltration rate increases sharply towards the leading edge of surface flow. It was found that combined pavement systems can substantially reduce peak stormwater discharges, although the relationships between attenuation, rainfall intensity, rainfall volume and pavement detention time are complex. In general terms, the attenuation provided by porous pavement increases as rainfall intensity becomes larger. However, storm volume has an overriding effect on this relationship. For very short or very long detention times, storms greater than the pavement voids volume receive little attenuation. An intermediate detention time, of the order of 1 to 6 hours, is likely to result in the best average attenuation over the widest range of rainfall intensities and storm volumes. The results of water quality experiments in the experimental pavement flume demonstrate that the experimental pavement can remove inorganic particulate contaminants, down to approximately 5 microns. The particulate removal performance can be improved by increasing the detention time within the porous pavement. However, little benefit is obtained by increasing detention time beyond about 1 hour. An exponential decay model with only one calibration parameter, adapted from filtration theory for wastewater treatment, is used to predict particulate removal efficiency. This model overcomes some of the deficiencies of the k-C* model, widely employed in the analysis of stormwater treatment. The new model predicts the variation in total concentration and particle size distribution through the pavement, as well as incorporating the effects of varying hydraulic conditions on particulate removal.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental Engineering
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Hemmer, Hailey A. "Fixed Bed Adsorption Studies of the Simultaneous Removal of Mercury and Nitrogen Oxides." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470043930.

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Books on the topic "Pollutant reduction"

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Fulton, R. S. Pollutant load reduction goals for seven major lakes in the Upper Ocklawaha River Basin. Palatka, FL: St. Johns River Water Management District, 2004.

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Consortium of the Po Delta Regional Park., ed. Water: Environmental-friendly system and reduction of organic and nitrogenous pollutant loads : best practics and guidelines. [Italy]: Consortium of the Po Delta Regional Park, 2000.

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St. Johns River Water Management District (Fla.). Pollutant load reduction goal (PLRG) analysis for the Wekiva River and Rock Springs Run, Florida 2006-2007: Final phase 3 report. Florida?]: Wetland Solutions, Inc., 2007.

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Webber, Margo. Pollutant reductions from WWTP upgradings in Massachusetts, 1978-1988. Westborough, MA: Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Quality Engineering, Division of Water Pollution Control, Technical Services Branch, 1989.

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Abbasi, S. Ali, and Antti Koskelo. Pollutant Load Reductions for Total Maximum Daily Loads for Highways. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/22571.

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Tavlarides, Lawrence L. Process modifications for industrial pollution source reduction. Chelsea, Mich: Lewis Publishers, 1985.

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Bacon, Elise. Use of economic instruments for water pollution control: Applicability of point source/nonpoint source trading for pollutant discharge reductions to Washington State. [Olympia? Wash.]: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 1993.

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Glen, Murray, ed. Getting to 2050: Canada's transition to a low-emission future : advice for long-term reductions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. Ottawa: National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy, 2007.

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Achieving nutrient and sediment reduction goals in the Chesapeake Bay: An evaluation of program strategies and implementation. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2011.

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B, Boettcher Scott, Bacon Elise, Washington (State). Dept. of Ecology. Water Quality Program. Alternative Strategies Unit., and Apogee Research Inc, eds. Use of economic instruments for water pollution control: Applicability of point source/nonpoint source trading for pollutant discharge reductions to Washington State : final report. [Olympia, Wash.?]: Washington State of Ecology, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pollutant reduction"

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Haderlein, Stefan B., and Klaus Pecher. "Pollutant Reduction in Heterogeneous Fe(II)-Fe(III) Systems." In ACS Symposium Series, 342–57. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0715.ch017.

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Tuomela, Camilla, Daniel Jato-Espino, Nora Sillanpää, and Harri Koivusalo. "Modelling Stormwater Pollutant Reduction with LID Scenarios in SWMM." In New Trends in Urban Drainage Modelling, 96–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99867-1_17.

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Guerrier, P., J. P. Weber, R. Coté, M. Paul, and M. Rhainds. "The Accelerated Reduction and Elimination of Toxics in Canada: The Case of Mercury-Containing Medical Instruments in Quebec Hospital Centres." In Mercury as a Global Pollutant, 1199–202. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0153-0_136.

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Long, Hongming, Junjun Xiao, Ping Wang, Xuhe Xia, and Apeng Wang. "Comprehensive Emission Reduction of Sintering Exhaust Gas Pollutant with Addition of Urea." In 5th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 353–60. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118887998.ch44.

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Hettelingh, J. P., M. Posch, and P. A. M. De Smet. "Multi-Effect Critical Loads Used in Multi-Pollutant Reduction Agreements in Europe." In Acid rain 2000, 1133–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0810-5_36.

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Pham Minh, Tuan, Dung Nguyen Manh, Vinh Tran Quang, Nguyen The Luong, Truc Nguyen The, Nguyen Duy Tien, and Khanh Nguyen Duc. "The Pollutant Reduction Potential of Old Generation Diesel Engine Retrofitting After-Treatment System." In The AUN/SEED-Net Joint Regional Conference in Transportation, Energy, and Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering, 586–96. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1968-8_48.

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Desideri, Umberto, Bruno Facchini, and Sergio S. Stecco. "A New Concept for the Reduction of Pollutant Emissions in Industrial Gas Turbine Plants." In Combustion Technologies for a Clean Environment, 407–19. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367810597-31.

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Srivastava, Ravi K., Samudra Vijay, and Elineth Torres. "Reduction of Multi-pollutant Emissions from Industrial Sectors: The U.S. Cement Industry – A Case Study." In Advances in Global Change Research, 241–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3153-2_8.

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Teleszewski, T. J. "Effect of using a multi-pipe thermal insulation in heating installations on reduction of heat loss and pollutant emission." In Advances in Environmental Engineering Research in Poland, 235–42. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003171669-23.

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Hafkamp, Wim. "Economic Effects of Emission Reduction: Impacts on Industry." In Persistent Pollutants: Economics and Policy, 127–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3372-2_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pollutant reduction"

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Wojik, K. M., H. Carstensen, and W. Cartellieri. "Progress in the Pollutant Reduction of Vehicle Engines." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/962467.

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Qin, Yan, Er-Shu Xu, and Yong-ping Yang. "Pollutant Emission Reduction Analysis of Distributed Energy Resource." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (ICBBE '08). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.461.

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Al-Abbadi, N., and L. D. Chen. "A flamelet modeling for pollutant reduction in diffusion flames." In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-2732.

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Lantin, Anna, and Michael Barrett. "Design and Pollutant Reduction of Vegetated Strips and Swales." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)172.

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Chen, Qingqiu, Chaowen Dong, and Jing Li. "The analysis of pollutant reduction potential of Guangzhou's industrial structure." In 2010 7th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2010.5530079.

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J, Nagarajan, Prakash Lakshmana Pandian, and Dhinesh Balasubramanian. "Air Pollutant Reduction from Diesel Engine Employing Wet Scrubber System." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-28-0586.

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Jia, Rubin, Jian Li, Yong Wang, and Di Tang. "Effect of Bioretention on Pollutant Reduction in Urban Road Runoff." In The International Conference on Water Resource and Environment. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0011024200003354.

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Jiang, Cheng, Pan Wei, Ding Min, and Du Panjun. "Drainage System Overflow Pollutant Reduction of Stormwater Detention Tanks in Central Shanghai." In The International Conference on Remote Sensing,Environment and Transportation Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rsete.2013.196.

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Cheng, Jiang, Wei Pan, and Min Ding. "Initial rainwater pollutant reduction practice of urban drainage system in Shanghai city." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965226.

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Galindo-Garci´a, Iva´n F., Ana K. Va´zquez-Barraga´n, Alejandro G. Mani´-Gonza´lez, and Miguel Rossano-Roma´n. "CFD Simulation of Pollutant Emission in Power Plant Boilers." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55110.

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A computational model is developed in order to investigate pollutant emissions from power plant boilers to the atmosphere. A well-known method of pollutant reduction is the modification of the combustion conditions to prevent their formation, and 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes provide an effective tool for the analysis of the combustion process. In this paper CFD calculations were performed to analyze the effect of the amount of combustion air on the production and emission of nitrogen oxides, one of the main pollutants produced during the combustion process. For this analysis the appropriate modeling of the chemical and physical phenomena involved is important, because the production and transport of pollutant species strongly depend on the flow and temperature distributions in the furnace. Two case studies are presented: a pulverized coal-firing tangential boiler and a fuel-oil frontal boiler. The CFD calculations adopt a 3D-formulation of the mean flow equations in combination with the standard high-Reynolds-number k-ε turbulence model. The model domain consists of the whole boiler, from the burner nozzles up to the exit of the economizer. Due to their complex geometrical features and computational limitations bank tubes are not modeled individually, but are grouped in a total volume. A porous media region approach is then undertaken to model gas flow and heat transfer in each heat exchanger. Model validation is a difficult task due to the lack of available data from commercial utilities. Validation has been done using routinely measured global parameters. Relatively good agreement is obtained. Results show that increasing the amount of air reduce nitrogen oxides formation for the case of the tangential boiler, however for the frontal boiler case this behavior is not as evident. These results demonstrate that CFD simulations are a viable tool to study the effect some combustion parameters have on the production of pollutants. CFD results may help to establish trends that, in turn, may help to reduce pollutant emissions from power plant boilers.
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Reports on the topic "Pollutant reduction"

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Desiderati, Christopher. Carli Creek Regional Water Quality Project: Assessing Water Quality Improvement at an Urban Stormwater Constructed Wetland. Portland State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.78.

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Stormwater management is an ongoing challenge in the United States and the world at-large. As state and municipal agencies grapple with conflicting interests like encouraging land development, complying with permits to control stormwater discharges, “urban stream syndrome” effects, and charges to steward natural resources for the long-term, some agencies may turn to constructed wetlands (CWs) as aesthetically pleasing and functional natural analogs for attenuating pollution delivered by stormwater runoff to rivers and streams. Constructed wetlands retain pollutants via common physical, physicochemical, and biological principles such as settling, adsorption, or plant and algae uptake. The efficacy of constructed wetlands for pollutant attenuation varies depending on many factors such as flow rate, pollutant loading, maintenance practices, and design features. In 2018, the culmination of efforts by Clackamas Water Environment Services and others led to the opening of the Carli Creek Water Quality Project, a 15-acre constructed wetland adjacent to Carli Creek, a small, 3500-ft tributary of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, OR. The combined creek and constructed wetland drain an industrialized, 438-acre, impervious catchment. The wetland consists of a linear series of a detention pond and three bioretention treatment cells, contributing a combined 1.8 acres of treatment area (a 1:243 ratio with the catchment) and 3.3 acre-feet of total runoff storage. In this study, raw pollutant concentrations in runoff were evaluated against International Stormwater BMP database benchmarks and Oregon Water Quality Criteria. Concentration and mass-based reductions were calculated for 10 specific pollutants and compared to daily precipitation totals from a nearby precipitation station. Mass-based reductions were generally higher for all pollutants, largely due to runoff volume reduction on the treatment terrace. Concentration-based reductions were highly variable, and suggested export of certain pollutants (e.g., ammonia), even when reporting on a mass-basis. Mass load reductions on the terrace for total dissolved solids, nitrate+nitrite, dissolved lead, and dissolved copper were 43.3 ± 10%, 41.9 ± 10%, 36.6 ± 13%, and 43.2 ± 16%, respectively. E. coli saw log-reductions ranging from -1.3 — 3.0 on the terrace, and -1.0 — 1.8 in the creek. Oregon Water Quality Criteria were consistently met at the two in-stream sites on Carli Creek for E. coli with one exception, and for dissolved cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper (with one exception for copper). However, dissolved total solids at the downstream Carli Creek site was above the Willamette River guidance value 100 mg/L roughly 71% of the time. The precipitation record during the study was useful for explaining certain pollutant reductions, as several mechanisms are driven by physical processes, however it was not definitive. The historic rain/snow/ice event in mid-February 2021 appeared to impact mass-based reductions for all metals. Qualitatively, precipitation seemed to have the largest effect on nutrient dynamics, specifically ammonia-nitrogen. Determining exact mechanisms of pollutant removals was outside the scope of this study. An improved flow record, more targeted storm sampling, or more comprehensive nutrient profiles could aid in answering important questions on dominant mechanisms of this new constructed wetland. This study is useful in establishing a framework and baseline for understanding this one-of-a-kind regional stormwater treatment project and pursuing further questions in the future.
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Ma, Ding, Ali Hasanbeigi, and Wenying Chen. Energy-Efficiency and Air-Pollutant Emissions-Reduction Opportunities for the Ammonia Industry in China. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1236781.

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Allen C. Wiley, Steven Castagnero, Geoff Green, Kevin Davis, and David White. DENSE PHASE REBURN COMBUSTION SYSTEM (DPRCS) DEMONSTRATION ON A 154 MWE TANGENTIAL FURNACE: ADDITIONAL AREA OF INTEREST-TO DEVELOP AND DEMONSTRATE AN IN-FURNACE MULTI-POLLUTANT REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY TO REDUCE NOx, SO2 & Hg. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/829946.

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Blyde, Juan S., and Mayra A. Ramírez. Exporting and environmental performance: where you export matters. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003922.

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Empirical analyses that rely on micro-level panel data have found that exporters are generally less pollutant than non-exporters. While alternative explanations have been proposed, firm level data has not been used to examine the role of destination markets behind the relationship between exports and pollution. In this paper we argue that because consumers in high-income countries have higher valuations for clean environments than consumers in developing countries, exporters targeting high-income countries are more likely to improve their environmental outcomes than exporters targeting destinations where valuations for the environment are not high. Using a panel of firm-level data from Chile we find support to this hypothesis. A 10 percentage point increase in the share of exports to high-income countries is associated with a reduction in CO2 pollution intensity of about 16%. The results have important implications for firms in developing countries aiming to target high-income markets.
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Hu, Tao, Xianqiang Mao, Xuedu Lu, and Gloria P. Gerilla-Teknomo. Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Co-control Evaluation in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200387-2.

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Local air pollutants (LAPs), such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone, and particulate matter, as well as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport sector are rapidly increasing in the People’s Republic of China. Various measures to control LAPs have been implemented in the country, along with the adoption of strategies to mitigate GHG emissions. The connection between LAP and GHG emission control and reduction offers an opportunity to address both problems simultaneously. This paper presents a methodology that measures the benefits of co-control evaluation on mitigating LAP and GHG emissions. It highlights the methodology’s potential to help maximize measures and strategies that have significant co-control effects.
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Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, Leor Eshed-Williams, Tamara Polubesova, and Jason Unrine. DOM affected behavior of manufactured nanoparticles in soil-plant system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604286.bard.

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The overall goal of this project was to elucidate the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil retention, bioavailability and plant uptake of silver and cerium oxide NPs. The environmental risks of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention from both industrial and scientific communities. These NPs have shown to be taken-up, translocated and bio- accumulated in plant edible parts. However, very little is known about the behavior of NPs in soil-plant system as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus DOM effect on NPs behavior is critical to assessing the environmental fate and risks related to NP exposure. Carbon-based nanomaterials embedded with metal NPs demonstrate a great potential to serve as catalyst and disinfectors. Hence, synthesis of novel carbon-based nanocomposites and testing them in the environmentally relevant conditions (particularly in the DOM presence) is important for their implementation in water purification. Sorption of DOM on Ag-Ag₂S NPs, CeO₂ NPs and synthesized Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotubebifunctional composite has been studied. High DOM concentration (50mg/L) decreased the adsorptive and catalytic efficiencies of all synthesized NPs. Recyclable Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite exhibited excellent catalytic and anti-bacterial action, providing complete reduction of common pollutants and inactivating gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria at environmentally relevant DOM concentrations (5-10 mg/L). Our composite material may be suitable for water purification ranging from natural to the industrial waste effluents. We also examined the role of maize (Zeamays L.)-derived root exudates (a form of DOM) and their components on the aggregation and dissolution of CuONPs in the rhizosphere. Root exudates (RE) significantly inhibited the aggregation of CuONPs regardless of ionic strength and electrolyte type. With RE, the critical coagulation concentration of CuONPs in NaCl shifted from 30 to 125 mM and the value in CaCl₂ shifted from 4 to 20 mM. This inhibition was correlated with molecular weight (MW) of RE fractions. Higher MW fraction (> 10 kDa) reduced the aggregation most. RE also significantly promoted the dissolution of CuONPs and lower MW fraction (< 3 kDa) RE mainly contributed to this process. Also, Cu accumulation in plant root tissues was significantly enhanced by RE. This study provides useful insights into the interactions between RE and CuONPs, which is of significance for the safe use of CuONPs-based antimicrobial products in agricultural production. Wheat root exudates (RE) had high reducing ability to convert Ag+ to nAg under light exposure. Photo-induced reduction of Ag+ to nAg in pristine RE was mainly attributed to the 0-3 kDa fraction. Quantification of the silver species change over time suggested that Cl⁻ played an important role in photoconversion of Ag+ to nAg through the formation and redox cycling of photoreactiveAgCl. Potential electron donors for the photoreduction of Ag+ were identified to be reducing sugars and organic acids of low MW. Meanwhile, the stabilization of the formed particles was controlled by both low (0-3 kDa) and high (>3 kDa) MW molecules. This work provides new information for the formation mechanism of metal nanoparticles mediated by RE, which may further our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling and toxicity of heavy metal ions in agricultural and environmental systems. Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) at 1:1 and 1:4 ratios of Cu and S were synthesized, and their respective antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the pathogenic activity of Gibberellafujikuroi(Bakanae disease) in rice (Oryza sativa). In a 2-d in vitro study, CuS decreased G. fujikuroiColony- Forming Units (CFU) compared to controls. In a greenhouse study, treating with CuSNPs at 50 mg/L at the seed stage significantly decreased disease incidence on rice while the commercial Cu-based pesticide Kocide 3000 had no impact on disease. Foliar-applied CuONPs and CuS (1:1) NPs decreased disease incidence by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively, which outperformed CuS (1:4) NPs (15%) and Kocide 3000 (12.5%). CuS (1:4) NPs also modulated the shoot salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) production to enhance the plant defense mechanisms against G. fujikuroiinfection. These results are useful for improving the delivery efficiency of agrichemicals via nano-enabled strategies while minimizing their environmental impact, and advance our understanding of the defense mechanisms triggered by the NPs presence in plants.
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On the Behavior of the Start and Stop System in European Real Driving Emissions Tests and Its Effect on Greenhouse and Tailpipe Emissions. SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-5024.

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The Start/Stop (S/S) system is a technology that switches off the engine without the intervention of the driver when the vehicle is stopped. The goal of this device is to eliminate the consumption of fuel associated with the idling of the engine and, consequently, save carbon dioxide (CO2) and pollutant emissions. However, its effectiveness is related to the percentage of the total driving time with the vehicle stopped. Moreover, even if the S/S system is installed and the vehicle is stopped, the S/S system can be inhibited by the condition of the vehicle like, for example, a too low state of charge of the battery. This investigation evaluates the actual effect of S/S on tailpipe gaseous emissions in Real Driving Emissions tests compliant with the new European Regulations (E-RDE). The investigation is based on data from on-road and on-track RDE tests performed with a Portable Emission Measurement System on a diesel sports utility vehicle (SUV). From the analysis of these data, the reduction of emission guaranteed by the S/S system was found to be quite lower than the potential in the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test due to the limited activation of the S/S system in real driving tests. Moreover, the analysis put into evidence that the saving associated with the S/S could be counterbalanced by the engine restart especially if the stop time is shorter than a certain threshold.
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