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Academic literature on the topic 'Pollinisation par les insectes – Aspect économique'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pollinisation par les insectes – Aspect économique"
Uwingabire, Zafarani. "Evaluating the impacts of pollinators decline on social welfare at different spatial scales : economic and nutritional aspects." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU20103.
Full textPollinators are threatened in many parts of the world. This alarming phenomenon; for which Human is mainly responsible, raises the following questions: what are the consequences of this decline for society? Should we take action? This thesis proposes economic valuation as a decision-making tool. It evaluates the impacts of the decline of pollinators on human well-being through economic and nutritional perspectives. The focus is on marketed and non-marketed benefits for the economic aspects and the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of nutrient intake for the nutritional aspects. The contribution of pollinators to a global food market, territories, and local landscapes in different contexts is examined alternately. More specifically, three case studies were treated each on different spatial scales: the international trade, the Comminges territory, in southwestern France, and the Huye District, in southern Rwanda. Inspired by welfare economics, our analysis builds on the production function approach, which integrates the dependence ratio of agricultural production on pollinators, the nutrients contained in crops, and the stated preferences approach. The proposed methods combine analytical approaches, field surveys, and simulations. Chapter 1 reviews the existing economic valuation approaches of the benefits of pollinators, highlights the need to consider various spatial scales of causes and impacts of pollinator decline, and reviews the existing policy responses regarding pollinator degradation. Chapter 2 analyzes global agricultural markets as a whole and shows the implications of pollinators' decline in international food trade and their impacts on global social welfare. Chapter 3 analyzes the importance people place on pollinators and their concerns about their decline by assessing the general public’s willingness to pay for the marketed and non-marketed benefits of pollinators. Chapter 4 values the contribution of insect pollination on the quantity of production and nutritional quality of consumption in the case of smallholder farm households where subsistence agriculture remains dominant. The thesis shows that the decline of insect pollinators could have significant consequences on human well-being at local and global scales. Under defined assumptions, results show that an average world price of crops will be 186% higher if pollinators are extinct on a global scale. They show that the decline of insect pollinators can induce a decrease in consumer surplus, producer profit, and trade balance value, thus an overall loss of human well-being on a global scale. In particular, these results draw attention to a loss of global nutrient intake, especially in regions where food scarcity is already present. The general public in the Comminges is willing to pay about €516 per household per year to avoid pollinator decline scenarios in order to maintain the diversity of local food, flora, and fauna. In smallholder households in the Huye District, pollinator-dependent crops account for about 20% of the total production value and have a significant share in the self-supply of micronutrients. This thesis argues that all countries can be impacted by this decline either as exporters or as importers of pollinator-dependent crops even if the impacts of this decline may be heterogeneous across countries due to differences in initial endowments. In fine, the decline of pollinators threatens the diversity and food security of worldwide consumers, the livelihoods of farm households, and local biodiversity. Therefore, arbitration among local decision-makers, national and international governmental bodies, and the general public is necessary to mitigate the decline of pollinators. In conclusion, this thesis points to the need to combine economic and nutritional aspects in shaping economic valuation literature and public policies and initiatives regarding ecosystem services and pollinators
Kleftodimos, Georgios. "Economic valuation of bees’ pollination services in arable crop farms : the role of Public Policy regulations towards the provision of pollination services." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20101.
Full textThe principal objective of the realized study is to evaluate the economic importance of the behavioral interactions which emerge from managed and wild bees, called bees’ complementarity in arable crop farms. A particular emphasis was placed on examining how the economic importance of bees’ complementarity should affect the public policy regulation in order to safeguard the provision of pollination services. The first Chapter of this Ph.D. thesis provides the theoretical framework on which this economic valuation is based. Chapter 2, provides an ecological-economic model displaying farmer’s decisions between two agricultural inputs, pollination services and pesticides, and two sources of pollination with different characteristics; managed bees, which can be replaced at a cost, and wild bees, which rely on a population being sustained within the farmland. Moreover, we take as a given that the services of wild and managed bees are in a complementary relationship. The third Chapter of this thesis, integrates the findings of Chapter 2 in a Mathematical-Programming territorial ecological-economic modeling in order to explore the potential impacts of policy changes on the provision of pollination services and on farmers’ incomes for different rates of farmers’ cooperation. Finally, Chapter 4, evaluates the effectiveness of French policy measures towards the provision of pollination services and it discusses how the results of our analyses may contribute towards the amelioration of the effectiveness of these measures. The major result of our research is twofold. Firstly, the knowledge of bees’ complementarity may offer to farmers an alternative optimum management strategy. Secondly, the inclusion of this knowledge in the implemented policy measures may facilitate farmers’ adoption process towards low-input practices and, consequently, increase their effectiveness towards the sustainability of pollination services for the agricultural and food systems
Gallai, Nicola. "Evaluation économique de l'impact des insectes pollinisateurs sur l'agriculture européenne." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10036.
Full textInsect pollination is an ecosystem service that is threatened, though it contributes to the sexual reproduction of most of the wild and cultivated flora. This work aims to assess the impact of this service on agriculture. Fom a literature review, we identified three major questions related to this issue: What is the contribution of pollinators to agricultural production worldwide? How will the vulnerability of agriculture change during the coming century? What will be the impact of a pollinator decline on social welfare? Using a technical-economic approach, we valued the contribution of this service to world agriculture at 153 billion euros in 2005, which represented 10% of the total value of world agricultural production used for human food. The consequences of a pollinator loss on social welfare were modeled using a partial equilibrium and estimated between 228 and 310 billion euros based upon a price elasticity of demand of -1. 2 and -0. 8, respectively. To assess future trends, we simulated the evolution of European agriculture under several land use scenarios, and found that the contribution of pollinators will not diminish in the next century even under the most extreme scenarios. Finally, we analyzed the impact of pollinator loss in the framework of a general equilibrium with two consumers who share two goods, each produced by a single firm with one good dependent on insect pollination and the other not. This analysis indicated that the substitutability between the two markets enabled to reduce the welfare loss. It also showed that when the income distribution is linked to the different goods, the relative importance given in the society to industries related to these goods affects the welfare loss resulting from pollinator decline and it could even become nil
Béland, Mathieu, and Mathieu Béland. "Analyse de rentabilité de la récolte de biomasse dégradée par les insectes pour la bioénergie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38211.
Full textLes perturbations naturelles font partie intégrante de l’aménagement des forêts boréales canadiennes. Des débouchés doivent être trouvés pour les quantités importantes de bois provenant d’arbres dégradés ou morts. Une option prometteuse est la bioénergie. Cependant, il est essentiel de regarder la rentabilité de cette filière. Une approche par étude de cas a été réalisée pour évaluer la rentabilité d’une usine de bioénergie qui utilise de la biomasse dégradée, dans la province de Québec (Canada), en s’approvisionnant sur les mêmes territoires que les usines de sciage et de pâte. Les opérations forestières de récolte et transport ont été simulées. La rentabilité d’un scénario témoin, pour lequel seulement la récolte de bois marchand destiné au sciage et à la pâte et qui laisse les arbres trop dégradés intacts, a été comparée à la rentabilité d’un scénario transformant les arbres dégradés en bioénergie, tout en transformant les arbres sains en sciage et pâte. Aussi, l’effet de la répartition des coûts fixes sur un plus grand volume de bois a été évalué. Les bénéfices de la récolte de biomasse pour la bioénergie, en termes de réduction de l’intensité des travaux de préparation de terrain, a aussi été évaluée. Les résultats montrent qu’au prix actuel du marché, dominé par les granules de bois, la récolte de bois morts ou dégradés pour faire de la bioénergie n’est pas aussi rentable que de laisser les arbres debout, non coupés. Le scénario de bioénergie reste rentable lorsque le niveau de dégradation moyen est modéré. Aussi, la répartition des coûts fixes sur un plus grand volume de bois a permis de réaliser des économies de 2.83$C/m3 en moyenne. Finalement, la récolte de biomasse pour la bioénergie a permis de réaliser des économies allant de 0 à 500$/ha, en évitant des coûts de préparation de terrain.
Books on the topic "Pollinisation par les insectes – Aspect économique"
Atkins, Barry, and Jill Atkins. Business of Bees: An Integrated Approach to Bee Decline and Corporate Responsibility. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Find full textAtkins, Barry, and Jill Atkins. Business of Bees: An Integrated Approach to Bee Decline and Corporate Responsibility. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
Find full textBusiness of Bees: An Integrated Approach to Bee Decline and Corporate Responsibility. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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