Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politiques publiques de la recherche et de la santé'
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Eun, Jae-Ho. "Sida et action publique : une analyse définitionnelle du changement de politiques en France, 1982-1994." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DENS0002.
Full textThe French AIDS policy change presents the alternation of long periods of stability (incremental change) and shorter periods of radical change. What is the main source of these variations (punctuated equilibrium) ? This paper interpretes the period of 1982 1994 in considering problem definition as its vector. It underlines three dimensions of problem definition : competing dimension, hierarchical dimension, systemic dimension. The result of the investigation reveals that : (1) the policy change can be explained by a dynamics of competition among various problems for public agenda access ; (2) the definitional levels and the emergence and imposition rhythm of the legitimate definition determine the degree and the rhythm of policy change ; (3) the extension of action system and multisectorial mobilization contributes to policy change
Chabrol, Fanny. "Prendre soin de sa population : le sida au Botswana, entre politiques globales du médicament et pratiques locales de citoyenneté." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766707.
Full textGoyet, Sophie. "Modélisation du processus d'application des connaissances entre Recherche et Santé publique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20077/document.
Full textHealth research generates a growing body of scientific literature. However this scientific production is not systematically integrated into public health. Researchers and policy makers have operations and constraints that do not naturally facilitate exchanges and knowledge translation (KT) from research into health policy. This thesis focuses on the gap between research and health policy and analyzes the determinants of success or failure of KT between research and health policies in Cambodia.The first chapter defines the KT process and reviews the scarce KT interventions reported in the literature. This review shows that KT is not a new concept, even though it remains somewhat under applied. In this chapter, we also look at the tools used to model processes and health research. We conclude that the UML (unified modeling language) appears to be the best modeling tool available to analyze the KT process.The second chapter describes a KT intervention we implemented and subsequently analyzes its impact and the determinants of its partial success, using UML tools. Most of identified barriers were related to either a lack of synchronization between the production of knowledge and the health policy making, or to some lack of mutual understanding between researchers and policymakers. Among the contributing factors, we identified the key roles of an actor who was both policymaker and researcher, and of organizations which acted as communication vectors between researchers and policymakers.The third chapter first includes the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the health research scientific production in Cambodia. It shows that even though more than 85% of articles published were accessible free of charge they do not cover all public health priorities of Cambodia. The following study identifies the main sources of information for policy makers who contributed to the preparation of the first national health policy against antibiotic resistance. We show that, as elsewhere, the scientific literature is not an appropriate medium to communicate with the Cambodian health authorities.Finally in the last chapter we integrate the various findings from previous chapters into the analysis of the determinants of KT. From this analysis we draw a generic UML model (class diagram), that we test on four research projects also conducted in Cambodia. This model may be used in Cambodia or in other countries with limited resources.We conclude that if the principles of the CA can be summarized in a few simple rules, they face many barriers when they are operationally implemented. KT is a dynamic, complex , iterative, and highly context –dependent process. A number of barriers to KT identified in Cambodia are identical to those found in the West. Among the facilitating factors for KT, we show that the connection between research institutions and national or provincial health is a major asset
Bonastre, Julia. "La production de recherche dans les établissements publics de santé et son impact sur le coût des soins." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA111018.
Full textDourgnon, Paul. "Evaluation des politiques publiques et inégalités sociales d'accès aux services de santé." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912417.
Full textPelland, Réal. "Les politiques publiques et la coordination au contrat de recherche université-entreprise." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25446.pdf.
Full textBernatchez, Jean. "Référentiels et dynamiques des politiques publiques de l'organisation de la recherche universitaire au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26059/26059.pdf.
Full textGibert, Romain. "Coopération en R&D et politiques publiques de soutien à l'innovation." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR054/document.
Full textObserving a lack of academic consensus about R&D public supports efficaciency, we focus on public R&D funding policies by considering R&D cooperation and proximity between firms and a public research sector. In a first way, we introduce how economic literature studies incentives to promote R&D efforts. In addition, we decide to illustrate our theorotical approach through french cluster policy called « politique des pôles de compétitivité ». In a second way, we develop an original theorotical modelisation able to evaluate the efficacity of three public instruments that promote R&D efforts and innovation : promote R&D cooperation, subsidizing private R&D sector and funding to public research sector. Our theorotical results lead us to make some recommandations to the policy makers. First, we conclude to an additionality effect of public policies on R&D efforts, that means we reject all crowding-out effect of public intervention. Moreover, we show that funding a public research sector (SPU policy) leads to better performance than the policy consisting to subsidize private R&D efforts (SPR policy) but only if the level of public spillovers is strong enough. Then, about the distribution of public fundings between public and private sector (SPM policy), we conclude that the proportion allocated to private sector always increases with the level of inter-firm spillovers and with the concentration of the industry if and only if the level of inter-firm spillovers is high enough. In the opposite, this proportion allocated to private sector decreases with the level of public knowledge externalities to the private sector, due to a closer proximity between public and private bodies, regardless of whether firms cooperate or not in R&D
Aubin, Karine. "La continuité des soins et les politiques publiques de santé mentale au Québec : 1962-2007." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25967.
Full textVézina, Sylvain. "Informatique, politiques publiques et dynamique organisationnelle : le cas du secteur de la santé en France." Grenoble 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE21019.
Full textThis thesis looks at computerization as means to a better understanding of the bargaining, or haggling, process, upon which health care management in france is hinged, particularly in the hospital sector. It analyzes both the direction of public policies and the dynamics of the power struggles which underlie such policies. It deals not only with health statistics but with the major reforms in the hospital sector (overall budget, departmentalization, epidemiology, p. M. S. I. ) introduced by the left while in office from 1981 to 1986. This thesis reveals the derisiveness of results obtained through ever more sophisticated technocratic means
Hourcade-Behaghel, Cécile. "Processus de choix de projets dans l'industrie pharmaceutique et politique de santé." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000734.
Full textSoulard, Christophe-Toussaint. "Pratiques, politiques publiques et territoires : construire une géographie agricole des villes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016218.
Full textBirch, Lisa Maureen. "L'utilisation de la recherche sur l'opinion publique dans les politiques publiques : le cas du programme de contrôle du tabagisme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27352/27352.pdf.
Full textGaboriau-Tabary, Marine. "L'État et la procréation : recherche sur l'émergence d'un service public de l'assistance médicale à la procréation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0024.
Full textAssisted reproductive technologies are currently one of the privileged places of the confrontation between public and private interests. While the issues of procreation are of direct interest to the State, both in its social and demographic aspects, the opening of the conditions of ART points up more than ever before the individual dimension of the right to procreate. However, to admit the existence of a right to dispose of one's body in terms of procreation necessarily leads to the recognition of ART as an alternative method of procreation, alongside natural reproduction, to the benefits of persons excluded from this biological process of generation. Here lies the difficulty for a State which apprehends the subject essentially through its biological existence, especially since the adoption of bioethics laws. The biology base of the law, from which the development of a bioethics law results, has led to a phenomenon of medicalization of procreation and more specifically to a medicalization of infertility and assisted reproductive technology, presented as its remedy. The « biopouvoir », thus passing from the hands of the State to those of the medical profession, raises the question of the opportunity to see emerge a public service of ART. Based on the obsolescence of the medical criterion of ART and on the affirmation of a subjective right to procreate, such a public service consecrates the existence of a positive right to procreate, alongside a negative one, already recognized
Cartigny, Florence. "Etude comparative de politiques publiques des provinces de l'Ouest canadien : système de santé et aides sociales (1990-2007)." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30081.
Full textAyéna, Fidèle Kadoukpè. "Santé publique au Bénin : un enjeu national et international des politiques publiques multisectorielles de maîtrise des situations de risques sanitaires individuels et collectifs." Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10003.
Full textThere is an increasing call for a responsible and more committed public action regarding the tackling of public health hazards in Benin. The purpose of this inquiry therefore comes within the framework of a sociological understanding of institutions in charge of public health at the population level by assessing their potential impact on the provision of health care and the standard of living of individuals. The current juncture of cross-border communication of health-related hazards calls for preventive and corrective measures to be taken both at the national and international level. Altought the ability to control health hazards varies from one country to another, the handling of a localized case of a public health incident of any kind is bound to affect the rest of the world, hence the need to understand how the state of Benin devise and implement its strategies to tackle a public health hazard before and during its outbreak. In this regard, precautionary principle seems to be more or less the main drive behind the formulation and implementation of certain public policies concerning the control of public health hazards. Policies of hazards and the social expression of the need for health care, which are at the core of this study stem from the research for the attainment of modernization goals and the efficient running of public and sanitary institutions of this country
Ridde, Valery. "Politiques publiques de santé et équité en Afrique de l'Ouest. Le cas de l'Initiative de Bamako au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23020/23020.pdf.
Full textRidde, Valéry. "Politiques publiques de santé et équité en Afrique de l'Ouest. Le cas de l'Initiative de Bamako au Burkina Faso." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18117.
Full textLenay, Olivier. "Régulation, planification et organisation du système hospitalier : la place des outils de gestion dans la conception des politiques publiques." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1018.
Full textJabot, Françoise. "L'évaluation des politiques publiques : cadres conceptuel et étude de son utilisation par les décideurs des institutions régionales de santé en France." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0201/document.
Full textContext: Despite the willingness showed in texts and procedures, evaluation in France is little integrated in the decision making process. However, in the health sector which faces multiple challenges, evaluation should be a useful approach to select choices. The use of evaluation depends on multiple factors such as, knowledge and its production process, characteristics of decision makers and others users, and the political and institutional context of the evaluation Objective: The objectives were: to assess the use of evaluation on health policies; to identify levers associated with use; to assess the capacity of evaluation to fit with decision-makers needs and to enhance usability. Method: Literature review allowed to enrich the understanding of the concept of use and to identify the main influent factors as well as the related issues. Regarding evaluation as a complex system, a model based on a systemic approach was built and tested in evaluations of regional public health plans (PRSP) in 4 steps: (1) global analysis of 16 evaluations; (2) relation process/use in on region; (3) use at short/medium term in 9 regions; (4) case studies and multicriteria analysis in 5 regions. Results: A first analysis enlighted the context and the contribution of the PRSP to the coherence of regional policies. A deeper process analysis carried out in one region pointed out the relation between final aims, management and evaluation use. The examination of evaluation consequences conducted in nine regions identified different forms of use and the major factors associated with them. The dynamic of change has been apprehended as a whole through the interactions between context, users and evaluation in five regions. Discussion: The effects of evaluation are more obvious in terms of knowledge building and evolution of practice than in radical change of policies. Context, evaluation credibility, actors’ commitment and motivation are key factors. Future research should help to better understand how to foster the culture and the capacities of evaluation. These are important prerequisites to a wider use of evaluation
Chenard, Kina. "Regards croisés sur les déterminants des choix de politiques publiques : Applications à trois secteurs d'intervention gouvernementale : la politique de santé, la politique de stabilisation financière et la politique d'assainissement budgétaire." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010074.
Full textOuedraogo, Ramatou. "« L'avortement, ses pratiques et ses soins ». une anthropologie des jeunes au prisme des normes sociales et des politiques publiques de santé au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0036/document.
Full textInduced abortion without medical or legal request in countries where it is prohibitedsuch as Burkina Faso poses both a public health and social problems. It is this doubleproblematic that this thesis explored in order to understand the causes of the difficultiesfacing the country to fight against unsafe abortions, and the factors that increased thispractice among young people. Immersion in abortion universe (health facilities andlives of women and men who have experienced abortion) and interviews with variousactors, have shown that the way abortion is thought and treated in public space combineto create insurmountable obstacles to its constitution as a real public health problem andits efficient management. It is designed as a deviance and it is highly reprobated.Consecutive stigmata due to this deviance and its moral and symbolic issues mark theirseals to the process leading to social and political recognition of the problem. Therefore,abortion is partially on the public health policies agenda, and access to abortion servicesin health structures are accordingly influenced. The occurrence of abortion among youthrefers to practices among “young people” in a context marked by a mutation of the wayof accessing social adulthood status, as well as economic and statutory precariousness.This work shows that pregnancies that lead to abortions are the combination of aheteronomy and individuation impulses within young women in their resourcefulness tobecome adult and succeed socially and economically in the city of Ouagadougou. Thisresearch therefore contributes to studies in the fields of anthropology of the subject andthe anthropology of health
Hane, Fatoumata. "Émergence de la fonction soignante : reconfigurations professionnelles et politiques publiques autour de la prise en charge de la tuberculose au Sénégal." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0278.
Full textSeveral publications in Europe and African have dealt of medical profession. Based on descritpion of the professionnal groups and their interactions. In Senegal, medecine did not build itself gradually. It was copied on the occidental model that actors hailed to reproduce. Meanwhile, reforms and health policies gave way to non professionnal agents emerge in the health field. Their implication in medical activities that were kept for health staff contributed to the redefination of medical profession content. The current structuration of health personnel and the conditions of medecine practices by the tasks delegation principle to different profil agents. The profession sense is distorts: non professional agents give health care, hold function. In short, they fulfill the job of nursing and want to be recognised and treated so. We see the emergence of caring function structuring itself and acquired expertise. By joining anthropological approaches, historical sources and medical profession analys, this work provides a different look on the construction of health profession through the management of a stigmatizing disease, as tuberculosis
Favier-Ambrosini, Brice. "Émergence, construction et diffusion du sport-santé : les Réseaux Sport-Santé Bien-Etre : d’une politique publique nationale aux ajustements locaux." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2002.
Full textFor the last 30 years, major international organizations have considered Physical and Sports Activity (PSA) as a central element of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention in public health. At the national level, since the early 2000s, public health policies have given an important place to what is now known as “health-sport”. Within a socio-historical perspective of public health problems, we seek to clarify emergence, production and awareness of the argument in favour of PSA as a health factor for most of the population. In analysing this cause’s trajectory, we notice that it undergoes a decontainment from the scientific to the political-media arena that started in the 1960s, before being used as an answer to a multitude of public woes, to finally be put on the political agenda. Nowadays, the frame of reference of the state is to encourage an intersectional collaboration between varying actors in this field, notably in the universes of sport and of health. The Sport-Health Well-being Networks is a key device and promising outcome of this mentality at the regional level. Their investigation highlights that the professionals of these structures will gradually propose so-called "integrated" forms of coordination, based on specific instruments. However, this desire for collaboration between actors from different social worlds leads to dissonance with the stated objectives, particularly with regards to the normative models of health education and the governance of bodies. The professionals involved try to adjust in various ways to these constraints
Cheng, Chunning. "A la recherche d'une approche évaluative d'un territoire en mutation : entre territoire et politiques publiques de développement local : le cas du Languedoc-Roussillon." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON10050.
Full textPaquette-Dioury, Aisha. "La participation citoyenne comme idéal éthique : intégrer les autochtones aux projets de recherche : le cas de l'Enquête de santé du Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26401/26401.pdf.
Full textBertier, Gabrielle. "Implémentation clinique du séquençage de nouvelle génération en France et au Québec : une analyse multidisciplinaire des implications pour les politiques publiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30166.
Full textThe decreasing cost of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has resulted in their increased use in research, and in the clinical context. Indeed, the correct interpretation of a human genome can enable better prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies. Significant public investments in NGS have been made in various developed nations to realise the promise of personalized medicine. Yet, today the sequencing and analysis of a patient’s exome or genome is only offered as a clinical test in a limited number of clinics around the world. France and Quebec have made sizable investments in genomics research, and France announced the launch of a genomic medicine plan in 2016. However, policy decisions still have to be made on the nation-wide clinical implementation of NGS technologies in both jurisdictions. Therefore, this project’s objective was to contribute to the body of evidence available to policymakers in France and Quebec on the clinical implementation of NGS technologies. We focused our attention on two specific NGS technologies, namely Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). We specifically aimed to assess if the responsible and efficient use of WES/WGS data in the context of clinical care could be impeded by policy gaps. Currently, the clinical interpretation of a patient’s genome sequence data is done through the intervention of many stakeholders including basic science researchers. These researchers use bioinformatics tools, processes and norms developed for research to filter and analyse patients NGS data. In parallel, existing regulatory and normative frameworks have been developed for the use of genetic data, and include no clear definition of genomic data or genomic technologies. We hypothesised that these elements create a strong need for standardization of practices, and may require adaptations of current regulatory and normative frameworks to the context of NGS. We therefore aimed to answer three research questions: (1) What issues do technology users experience and foresee when using WES data to inform patient care? To answer this, we performed a systematic review of the literature. (2) How are patients’ NGS data currently managed (produced, analysed, interpreted and shared) in clinical institutions in Quebec and in France? We answered this by performing a case studies analysis, interrogating key stakeholders directly involved in managing patients’ NGS data in France and Quebec. (3) Are there gaps in the current regulatory and normative frameworks which should be addressed to enable a responsible and efficient standardized use of NGS data in the clinic? [...]
Ousseini, Abdoulaye. "Les politiques publiques de financement de l'accès aux soins : la fabrication et la mise en oeuvre d'une exemption de paiement dans le système de recouvrement des coûts au Niger." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0583.
Full textThis thesis focuses on a specific public health policy in Niger, namely the fee exemption. It examines the design and the implementation of the policy, the reasons put forward to legitimizeit, the practices and representations of the actors involved in the process, and the new ad-hoc intitutional arrangements that are set up to lead the process. The study is grounded in a socio-anthropological approach that relies heavily on empirical data gathered from the views of the actors involved and observation in situ. It combines two approaches to public policies - from below and from abnove - that complement each other. A closer look at the introduction of the policy shows both hastiness and unpreparedness in the formulation of public health policies. The inconsistencies and significant gaps between the political commitment and the actual implementation in addition to the daily practices of health services and their users are understood as some of the challenges to equal access to health care in Niger. This thesis introduces a debate on the implementation of health care policies as they aim to achieve universal coverage in Niger
Gay, Lauriane. "À la recherche de l'hégémonie : la fabrique très politique des politiques publiques foncières en Ouganda sous le National Resistance Movement (NRM) : Entre changement et inertie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD017/document.
Full textLand tenure, defined as the set of relations among humans that determine their interaction with land, lies at the heart of power struggles, especially in agrarian societies. Governing land management through public policy means changing power relations between the state and the local institutions that exercise social control. Using Uganda under the regime of the National Resistance Movement (NRM) as its case study, this thesis in political science explores the manner a public policy concerning land is constructed through the interactions among various power structures. We are dealing here with the interactions among polity, politics and policy. Examined as a political activity, the construction of a public policy concerning land in African contexts goes beyond a matter of concern for the state alone. This activity is a source of political legitimacy for those actors participating in the process. Its instrumentalisation can lead to changes in power relations. This process starts with the construction of the problem and ends with the negotiation of a solution. This inductive research is based on qualitative research methods : participant observation, semi-structured interviews, analysis of grey literature and of archives. It is based on four years of field work in Uganda. This thesis innovates theoretically as it integrates the discursive and pragmatic approach of public policy to structuration theory. It ties this approach to the notion of « historicity of the imported state ». This theoretical framework allows us to study the ordering and disordering of society that are triggered by the formulation of problems and solutions. It provides a detailed empirical study of public policy concerning land in Uganda. This thesis contributes, more generally, to the study of democratisation in Africa, land tenure in Africa and public policy in African contexts
Cavalin, Catherine. "Objectivation savante et objet de politiques publiques : les violences interpersonnelles dans les habits neufs de la statistique et de la santé publique (France / Europe / Etats-Unis, 1995-2016)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0046.
Full textThis dissertation addresses interpersonal violence in order to question the texture it is made of. Why and how has it come that since the 4th UN World Conference on Women (Beijing, 1995), “interpersonal violence” so named in research and public policies have become a public health issue and a statistical matter primarily concerning women as victims? To answer this question, I put the health and statistical content of interpersonal violence to the test. I mobilize numerous statistical sources that have been built during the last two decades, in order to tackle them as a fieldwork. I position my work between the sociology of the emergence of the “interpersonal violence” issue and the sociology of survey research. In order to make the sources that have been available for twenty years easier to understand, I analyze them paying a particular attention to their cognitive motives and the complex arrangements they rest upon. I address the striking gaps between these sources and compare them on several analytical levels in order to draw meaningful epistemological and practical conclusions on: 1) the way cognition is closely related to measurement tools; 2) the contribution of the history of statistical categories and the institutional history in which these categories have been taking place since the late 1960s. Between feminist movements, victimization and health surveys, between utilitarianism and human rights, interpersonal violence remains as a fractured political issue and research topic, about which the apparent public health consensus encompasses numerous cognitive and political uncertainties
Massart, Clemence. "Les processus d’écologisation entre santé et environnement : le cas de la maladie de Lyme." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENH012/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to understand how a range of definitions of a complex and emerging disease, the Lyme disease, are currently being constructed in many places. These definitions sometimes compete and sometimes develop separately ; they are sometimes widely disseminated and sometimes circumscribed in discrete places. To understand this diversity, I use the concept of « practice » as developed by Stengers (2006). A practice is defined by two sides : obligations, which refer to the specific way in which practitioners relate to the object or being they seek to learn something about ; demands, which generate exclusions and draw boudaries between practices. This framework applies to groups of different sizes and natures, and to non-humans beings. The first part of the thesis situates the Lyme disease among other diseases and clarifies its differences with the « environmental diseases » caused by industrial pollutions. As an infectious disease transmitted by a tick and with a wildlife reservoir, the Lyme disease rather presents the features of an « ecological disease » that renews the attribution of responsibilities, management modes, the nature of entities that are incriminated and identity of practitioners involved. This statement led me to the hypothesis of an « ecologization of health problems » : environmental issues are introduced in other domains. I examined this thematic ecologization through the « ecologization of practices », which Stengers defines as a mode of relation between practices where exclusions are replaced by coordinations in order to produce new, dynamic and transversal knowledge. The second part presents the practices of four groups of practitioners : persons with chronic Lyme disease who exchange on the Internet, infectious disease specialists, tick specialists and specialists of population genetics. The analysis shows the existence of two discussion spaces characterized by distinct relationships : in the first one, which is medical, diagnosis and cure-oriented, definitions of the disease oppose one another while they overlap in the second space, which is environmental, epidemiological and prevention-oriented. There are few relations between these two spaces. The third part focuses on the interactions between practitioners. Through a work group, a place, a concept and diagnosis techniques, I scrutinize how environmental and medical practices actually encounter one another. Most collaborations between environmental and medical practitioners concern the prevention of the disease. Yet, the ecological knowledge of the sick persons has a potential for another elaboration of the diagnosis of these diseases. The analysis shows that frictions appear when practitioners relate differently to a same being. On the contrary, there is sympathy between practitioners who relate similarly to different beings. Rather than an « ecologization of the health sector », this thesis shows a process of « sanitarization of ecology ». Indeed, the practitioners related to ecology are those who become involved in the emerging infectious diseases issues. The knowledge they produce suggests a set of diseases that vary across space and bodies. This reminds how the sick persons define their disease. However, these groups of practitioners do not have (so far) a place to meet and exchange
Lépori, Mélanie. "Conditions d'habitat, entourage, politiques publiques : l'adaptation des logements des personnes âgées en Europe." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG012/document.
Full textThe consequences of the ageing of Europe’s population ageing are not limited to changes in the population structure. National and European contemporary public policies have been tackling its social and economic implications, particularly in the field of housing. This PhD thesis studies the adjustment of housing to ageing in Europe. To do so, it examines the ways in which both the elderly and public policy-makers take into account the impact of individual ageing on housing and living conditions. Housing adjustments in individuals aged 50 were measured with a focus on housing conditions (type of housing, occupation, and amenities), living conditions and home care. The Danish, French and Spanish cases are most particularly analysed, based on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Three research questions are addressed : in which countries are adjustments made ? How do individuals adjust ? Who adjusts and when ? Each of these questions is answered with a specific methodology : clustering, trajectory analysis and logistical regressions. Adjustments are shown to be ultimately limited, and mainly focused on the environment. No typical adjustment scheme is identified ; adjustments may or may not be responses to needs in terms of health or household size
Yahaya, Mahamane. "L'impact de l'aide publique au développement sur les politiques publiques des pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest : le cas du Niger et du Mali : réflexion sur l'analyse des politiques des bailleurs de fonds dans les domaines de la santé et de l'éducation." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2010_out_yahaya_m.pdf.
Full textThe post world war’s II reconstruction plan for Europe known as Marshall’s Plan, was the inspiration in establishing public aid for development which, in turn, was set up to assist developing countries. Niger and Mali are part of the poorest group in South Saharan countries benefiting from this system. As a result of this aid program, these countries had hoped to overcome their extreme poverty but, after half a century of assistance, and co-incidentally, fifty years of political independence, these countries have fallen deeper into a state of extreme poverty. Different initiatives beginning with the structural adjustment program which was to aid in the liberal forms of government and an opening of markets, have been a dismal failure. At the same time, paradoxically, these countries have shown a statistical pattern of continuing steady growth although, in reality, poverty has become more ingrained and widespread instead of decreasing. Those governing these nations (trading capital) use this data in order to justify the maintenance of their political and economic system. Why then are the levels of growth and developments at odds in the case of the PAD (public aid for development)? As a reaction to this failure, the donor nations initiated a strategy of poverty reduction with the direct intention at attaining the millenni objectives for development. The place of education and health are at the heart of eight main points. In the political sections of both areas we are interested in, the quantitative has been privileged to the detriment of the qualitative. The thesis aims at seeing in what these strategies differentiate from these in the SAP (structural adjustment program), and indeed what will the results be in the short or medium term. On the one hand, the political system of the PAD (aid for development), its usefulness for security, strategic and geopolitical reasons, cast a doubt on its neutrality and its professed desire to assist these countries to overcome their poverty. On the other hand, responsible aid giving, coupled with responsible political leaders, who are not part of the take or leave it system, can contribute to developing the social and economic future of these countries
Nollet, Jérémie. "Des décisions publiques « médiatiques » ? : sociologie de l’emprise du journalisme sur les politiques de sécurité sanitaire des aliments." Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL20013/document.
Full textAre public policies made by the media? This would-be influence of journalists over public decisions is common place among “decision-makers”. It is also assumed by Agenda-setting as well as social problems theorists. Yet, the real nature of the phenomenon is more complex: it follows different paths along several directions. It rests on the active and variable engagement of the politicians and high civil servants who produce decisions. Thus, the question needs to be rephrased: to what extent does the production of public decisions depend on the journalistic field? In order to elucidate this question, this doctoral thesis offers a sociological analysis of the specific logics which lead decision-makers (i.e. ministers’ personal staff, and representatives aswell as high civil servants,) to pay attention to media coverage in decision-making processes. The elaboration of this theoretical framework, at the crossroads of the sociologies of journalism and public action, is based on ananalysis of the handling of the mad cow disease by French officials during the 1990s. The ambition is to account for the very attention the holders of the executive power (namely, the Ministers of Agriculture, Consumption,Health, but also the Prime Minister and the President), the members of Parliament and high civil servants paid to media-related challenges within the practice of decision-making. Thus, it appears that the most “media dependent”decisions are the result of the handling of the most symbolic issues according to the logics of action of the most dependent agents on legitimization stakes in the journalistic field: the principal ministers and their advisers
Rabier, Serge. "Une ambition pour le développement : l'approche genre, la santé et les droits sexuels et reproductifs dans l'aide publique au développement de la Suède : stratégies, politiques et programmes (1994-2014)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB170.
Full textFor the last twenty years, Gender, Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights and Development issues have been at the heart of a growing trend of interest from both development thinkers and practitioners, researchers, international and national institutions, non governmental organisations, and experts from development agencies. Sweden has played a key role in the evolution of this global agenda. Among the major Overseas Development Assistance contributors, Sweden has proven to be one of the "like-minded" countries, which has integrated the gender perspective and the rights perspective at the very heart of its ODA mechanisms. The cycle of 1990's UN conferences, which has promoted gender equality as both a condition and a mean to achieve a sustainable human development was the occasion for Sweden to take a clear leadership as an influential "soft power". The analysis of decisive factors in the Swedish history (cultural, political and social references) as well as a critical reading of founding documents since 1994 (political statements, bills and laws, strategic/planning and communication papers, program evaluations) shows the original contribution of Swedish ODA, which beyond its remarkable amount, reveals the anthropological and political fundamentals of development and recalls that globalisation should not ignore the growing demands around inequalities, in particular gender inequalities
Beslier, Joseph. "Sécurité juridique et fiscalité de la recherche : contribution à l'étude de la sécurité juridique en droit fiscal français : l'exemple de la fiscalité de la recherche." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100113.
Full textThe relevance of the proposed research lies in the following three axes: first, to establish a systematic, precise and legal definition of the concepts of legal certainty and taxation of research; second, to undertake a thorough study of the causes of legal uncertainty in the field of taxation of research; finally, to propose concrete solutions to remedy them.In the first place, the essential work of definition should lead to the clarification of the use of the terms "legal security" and "taxation of research", both for the layman and for the jurist. From the definition, the outline of a legal regime - and therefore a systematization - will certainly emerge from the notion of legal certainty applied to the field of taxation of research.From a university point of view, the concept of legal certainty is still very little studied. To consider such a concept from the point of view of tax law and more particularly in a field applied to research will help to advance the state of existing knowledge on the concept of legal certainty. Research should firstly highlight the existence of a considerable degree of legal uncertainty in the taxation of research and identify its causes and propose systematic solutions based either on the valorisation of devices or on the suggestion of new mechanisms to secure the taxation of research. The thesis arising from such research is intended as a "proposal force" on legal certainty in the field of taxation of research
Chénard, Kina. "Regards croisés sur les déterminants des choix de politiques publiques. Applications à trois secteurs d'intervention gouvernementale : la politique de santé, la politique de stabilisation financière et la politique d'assainissement budgétaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28464/28464.pdf.
Full textChenard, Kina. "Regards croisés sur les déterminants des choix de politiques publiques : applications à trois secteurs d'intervention gouvernementale : la politique de santé, la politique de stabilisation financière et la politique d'assainissement budgétaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23542.
Full textYacine, Badiaa. "La science algérienne dans les années 1990 : une bibliométrique de la recherche universitaire à travers ses programmes, ses institutions et sa communauté universitaire de 1990 à 1999." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716252.
Full textCorreges, Déborah. "Intégrer la médecine traditionnelle à Madagascar : institutions, acteurs et plantes au prisme de la mondialisation." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0162.
Full textIn the island of Madagascar, the integration of traditional medicine, as part of State politics submitted to the OMS requirements and international pressure, raises numbers of interests and modifies the links between a whole range of powers and the local knowledges. The analysis concerning traditional medicines policy reveals, on several levels of governmentality, the mechanisms of cooperation and competition between countries of the South and of the North, also between public institutions and private laboratories, thus induced by the pharmaceutical interests of local pharmacopeia. In the national health system, the introduction of a speciality in traditional medicine and herbal medicinal products registered by the Agency of Madagascar induces processes of reinvention of traditional medicine and struggles for legitimacy between practitioners for the conquest of a new professional monopoly. Under the influence of christianism, of a globalised trade and of the presence of foreigners, industrialization in the economic sector of plants and the professionalization of farmers change the relationships between man and his environment and come with ritual adaptations. Starting from Michel De Certeau's concepts of «strategy»and «tactics», this work analyzes social change and the links with globalisation by bringing to light the gap between what must be done and what is actually being done
Meyer, Mireille. "Normes et pouvoirs : approche de l'édification d'une démocratie "en santé", l'exemple des stagiaires en insertion sicioprofessionnelle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG004/document.
Full textFormer school drop-out person, reconverted in multidisciplinarity and directed towards transdisciplinarity, the researcher seizes the healthcare defined by Canguilhem as « exceeding the norm ». She invites young people to express it in their socio-professional integration process. It is all the more necessary that they come up against a « normative densification » (Thieberge, 2014), a source of marginalization and health inequality compromising the« living together". This situation leads to question Moscovici about the « transition from a majority era to a minority era ». In this sense, the life story of the trainees, victims of exclusion, opens the way to the novelty, to unusual. Inviting to venture into a « multiplelives » that reflects on the « care », resilience and the process of normalization, they prefer the relationships in everything in a Bachelardian spirit of relativity and inclusion conducive to the edification of a « healthy » democracy (Hirsch, 2016)
Barbat-Bussière, Séverine. "L'offre de soins en milieu rural : l'exemple d'une recherche appliquée à l'Auvergne." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF20006.
Full textAs such, a person's health does not constitute a field of study for the geographer, unless considered from a collective viewpoint. At such a scale, it generates multiples interrogations on its relationships to territories and space, from epidemiological and sanitary considerations to the restructuring and functional organisation of health systems. Led within the framework of an "action research" in partnership with the Assurance Maladie services (Health Insurance Services), this thesis focuses on offering medical care in the countryside of the Auvergne region. The topic of health cover in the countryside evokes various problematic from the sanitary policies to regional development and the continuity of public service. It also brings up questions for the geographer on new investigation fields, beyond a study on a simple tertiary equipment of a territory. The Auvergne example confirms that offering medical care in rural areas does not bear comparison with that of urban poles, in terms of number of professional personnel, diversity and specialization. Nevertheless, such rural zones are not necessarily dead spots in term of health. The medical care offer is stabilising to the cost of major restructuring between spaces, incluced by variuos actors : ellected personalities, Assurance Maladie, health professionals, ect. Such restructuring will be one answer to the question of renewing generations of health professionals in activity and to that of potential attractiveness of Auvergne countryside. Territorial attractiveness will play an essential part in the future relating to a favourable or not evolution of the issue
Radian, Carine. "Recherche sur les fondements des critères de convergence du traité de Maastricht, étude de leur faisabilité et des possibilités de leur mise en oeuvre sur le plan de la gestion des finances publiques : contribution à l'étude des politiques économiques en Europe." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0028.
Full textSince 1992, various important economic and monetary disruptions have occured, such as the break-up of the ems in august, 1993 and the persistence of the economic recession in europe, which can change the scenario anticipated by the maastrich t treaty. These development raise the problem of how appropriate economic policies in europe are in regard to accomplish ing the convergence criteria. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the constraints perscribed for complianc with the convergence criteria set serious limits for states in the decision-making on economic policies and their economic sovereignty. The approach to public finance management is divided into two phases. The first examines the basis for the convergence criteria through analysis of convergence problematics. The second provides the context for the study of their feasibility and possibilities for implementation in the management of public finance in accordance with these b ases. The approach adopted is in both decisional and technical terms. Two major results have been obtained. The first comes from the study. Of the bases which led to introducing the economic concepts of decision bargaining and lobbying; the second is distinguished by the quantity of its mobile money mass and b y its capacity for economic manipulation of markets. The criteria thus have political and economic bases not considered in traditional macroeconomic theories. The second result emanate from analysis of convergence strategies : the treaty ta kes appropriate means away from the states without transferring it to the public institutions of the eu. A theoretical v acuum regarding the eu and the procedures of the emu is created, since traditional theories apply to traditional law sta tes while the eu is a de facto state regrouping some of the former and placed in the international economic and financia l system. With economic sovereignty laminated between the different planes of decision and monetary sovereignty transfer red to independent central banks (except for the uk), the european economic system corresponds to no existing theoretica l model. Individual states and the eu are thus confronted with the task of creating the instruments needed to achieve th e emu and perhaps doing so in a field other than in public finance management
Lafon, Sophie. "L'Université dans la métropole : la Communauté Urbaine et l'Université de Bordeaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0594/document.
Full textThe purpose of this reseach is to study the emergence of French metropolitan governments, from the exempleof Bordeaux, as actors of higher education and research policymaking. In a context of devolution thatstrengthens local governments, of a knowledge economy and knowledge society, of universities interactingwith their local environment, metropolitan governments have developped their intervention capacity in thefield of higher eduction and research. With new interventions and strategic plans, their actions have had animpact on the cooperation between local governments and the harmonization of their political strategies, thuspaving the way for a governance of higher eduction and research policies at a metropolitan level
Veget, Cassiano Lopes Junior Vanderlei. "Politiques pour l’adoption des technologies de l’information et de la communication dans le domaine de la santé publique : La caractérisation normative du programme brésilien de télésanté face aux recommandations d’organisations internationales." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30060/document.
Full textThe central issues of the research and its problem, we seemed to require non-not an approach limited to the only local context - here, Brazilian-, but to take an investigative look that also consider implications of the international context on the country in question. We needed to understand how the different actors involved in the definition of policies for the adoption of information and communication technologies in the field of health is communicated at all levels of political, global, regional or local action. These "actors", include the commitment of international organizations forming part of the United Nations, such as the world Organization of health, the International Telecommunication Union and those working in the context of Latin America, geopolitical region where the Brazil is located. Stressing the role of those organizations in the dissemination of models or « political recipes » in the world, our research took into account both the phenomenon of globalisation than the delicate question of international regulation. From the preliminary findings, we determined that research should focus on the study of normative characterization of the Brazilian Telehealth Program - Program Telessaúde Brasil Redes - facing the recommendations of international organizations on the issue, including organizations part of the UN working on a global or regional level, namely the Latin American continent in the case that interests us more particularly. The comparison (or confrontation) between these two poles seemed the best solution to check the global and the regional facing the local. Taking into account the reform context and other matters relating to public health in the Brazil and after checking the normative bases of the « Telessaude Brasil Redes program », we can consider that "its creation has been the consequence of compliance of international recommendations" or on the contrary, that "its creation is set to local features of public health Brazilian and other factors of internal policy. Getting to take a stand against this dichotomy, we have defined our two assumptions and our methods and research materials. It was necessary to demonstrate that international organizations rely on awareness-raising structures that are designed to promote the engagement of the Member States that they adopt models policies detailed in their recommendations. The demonstration of the presence of the structures of awareness demanded the definition of a method of analysis. To do this, we resorted to the analysis tools of discourse (AD) and the content analysis (AC) to highlight the relevant observable elements in documents and then associate them with the three structures of awareness identified: « legitimacy, efficiency and coercion. We've combined these three structures of awareness to a "process of acceptability." After defining the epistemological basis and the analysis corpus, have separated and analyzed two groups of documents, we have shown and interpreted the level of correlation between the observable associated with the normative framework of Telessaúde Brasil Redes program and the international recommendations on telehealth
Faure, Emmanuelle. "Entre effets de genre et effets de lieux : géographies du dépistage du cancer colorectal à Boulogne-Billancourt et Gennevilliers (92)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100164/document.
Full textTo which extent does the concept of gender can be a strategic concept to understand links between health and territorial dynamics? The following study aims to investigate this topic by analyzing the attendance at colorectal cancer screening sessions and its promotion in the Hauts-de-Seine (Paris region). We draw a comparison between the towns of Boulogne-Billancourt and Gennevilliers, and two of their popular districts, based on quantitative (attendance rates to screening sessions) and qualitative data (observations, semi-directive interviews). Among the findings, it appears that spatial and gendered disparities regarding colorectal cancer screening vary depending on the places studied and do not reflect the unequal distribution of social classes. The analysis of health-seeking behaviors to a general practitioner – a key actor of this screening program – highlights spatial representations and practices which are specific to the contexts in Boulogne-Billancourt and in Gennevilliers, as well as to women and men. The study of the promotion of colorectal cancer screening also enables us to better understand the ways these towns and districts are developed and organized (type and network of political, professional and associative stakeholders). In addition, the study stresses on the necessity to take gender into account when it comes to the analysis of local implementations of a national public health policy. Lastly, professional backgrounds, dominant social norms and spatial dynamics are an integral part of general practitioner’s representations and practices
Feyaerts, Gille. "Social Impact Assessment :analyse d'un outil d'aide à la décision pour la lutte contre la pauvreté et les inégalités sociales de santé: Etude des conditions nécessaires à la fonction d'apprentissage conceptuel de l'outil dans le contexte bruxellois." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/269187.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences de la santé Publique
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Chevillard, Guillaume. "Dynamiques territoriales et offre de soins : l’implantation des maisons de santé en France métropolitaine." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100109/document.
Full textFrance faces an old and persistent problem, which is geographical imbalance of general practitioners. This uneven distribution grows at a steady pace due to less attractive areas. New urban and rural areas are emerging with limited access to primary health care, while existing ones grow even bigger. Since 2008, the liberal primary care team (PCT) are financially supported by the public authorities. They hope this structure will attract and retain general practitioner in the aforementioned areas.This study aims to explore how the space and the territory contribute to the localisation of PCT and how these structures affect spaces and territories. Localisation and impact of PCT are studied at different level, using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Spatial analysis of PCT is based on several tools such as SIG and typology in synergy with field investigation in two French regions. Effects of PCT on general practitioner density are studied on a national scale comparing the evolution of this density in space with PCT and similar space without PCT. The results are completed with field investigation
Boubal, Camille. "Des savoirs sans effet : l'espace controversé de la nutrition." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0038/document.
Full textThis dissertation studies the development of a Public Health policy in nutrition in France. Based on interviews, ethnographic observations and archives, it approaches 1) the elaboration and the uses of instruments close to the actors who conceive and implement them; 2) controversies around food marketing regulation; 3) the emergence and diffusion of behavioral sciences (social marketing, nudge and neurosciences). At the crossroad of public policy analysis, sociology of expertise and organizational studies, I show that the development of a Public Health Program on nutrition called “Programme National Nutrition Santé” (PNNS) does not succeed in stabilizing a definition, even contested, of the problem of nutrition. The analysis of Public Health instruments reflects two main tensions. Public actors try to promote healthy eating without contesting food market and targeting individuals without stigmatizing them. At the end of the 2000s, other actors promoted “new” disciplines to change behavior in nutrition: social marketing, nudge and neuroscience. However, despite a great deal of political discourse and enthusiastic expertise, this knowledge has not been translated into public action. I show that both public and private actors (communication agencies and food industries) and scientists have a strategic use of behavioral knowledge: in order to legitimate a Public Health agency and academic fields or, at the opposite, contest a public policy in nutrition
Ramel, Viviane. "Les technologies numériques en santé face aux inégalités sociales et territoriales : une sociologie de l’action publique comparée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0053.
Full textThe link between digital health and equity is seldom studied, even less are the policies which tackle both issues, and this despite governments being urged to implement health-and-equity-in-all-policies strategies. This thesis has studied whether and how governments and health systems’ stakeholders address this linkage. Specifically, this piece of population health interventional and political science research has been based upon a qualitative study design and comparative public policy analysis of territories from four countries (France, Canada, Spain & England) since 2015. Data were gathered from official and various stakeholders’ documents and through interviews with key stakeholders in e-health and health equity fields. Digital health policy has been institutionalized to varying degrees in the four so-called developed countries focussed on. However, equity in digital health issue has not been placed on the political agenda, although it is acknowledged that digital health use can increase social health inequalities (SHI), in terms of unfair access, use, understanding and adoption of technologies. In the four territories, when (rarely) dealt with, digital inclusion is tackled through a set of instruments, by actors involved in several fora which coproduce public interventions on digital health, SHI and digital inclusion. Each mode of instrumentation of public action is affected by previous local institutions, along with actors’ interests and preconceptions about the issues involved. Our study proposes a conceptual framework for public action and policy implementation as regards digital health and equity in four territories. This study has been designed to be useful for analyzing policies in other settings and for suggesting strategies that could be directly implemented in the field