Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politiques institutionnelles'
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Mévellec, Anne. "La construction politique des agglomérations : logiques politiques et dynamiques institutionnelles : une comparaison franco-québécoise." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1G007.
Full textThis research deal with the political creation of urban areas. Based on Quebec's experiences of forced municipal mergers generated by the Harel reform and on the French urban communities created by the Chevènement law, the author examines the way local political systems adopt transformation processes set off at a national level. Theses cases of form-fitting an urban territory in a formal legal setting are achieved though the notion of agglomeration. Two objectives are pursued : understanding how urban systems, already in function, react to the constraint of these imposed structures. Secondly, the process of institutional transformation reveals the bonds that tie politics, public action and territory together. The author favoured three perspectives in studying these periods of institutional change : the institutionalisation of the agglomeration's teritory, the role of elected officials and the different forms of justification of the new institution
Erhel, Christine. "Les politiques de l'emploi en Europe : recherches institutionnelles et comparatives." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00272030.
Full textUne première section concerne les méthodologies d'évaluation des politiques de l'emploi micro et macroéconomiques, et rappelle leurs principales limites.
Une deuxième partie propose une analyse des modèles nationaux et de leur dynamique, dans une perspective institutionnaliste, à partir de la notion de régime d'emploi et de politique de l'emploi. Celle-ci fait l'objet d'applications empiriques aux cas de la France et de la Suède, de la France et du Royaume-Uni, du temps de travail, et enfin des politiques de l'emploi ciblées sur les seniors. La troisième section analyse la relation entre l'évolution des politiques de l'emploi et l'histoire des théories du chômage depuis Keynes. La quatrième section s'intéresse à la coordination européenne des politiques de l'emploi, et plus particulièrement à la mise en œuvre de la stratégie européenne pour l'emploi et des méthodes ouvertes de coordination.
Ville, Isabelle. "LE HANDICAP COMME " EPREUVE DE SOI ". POLITIQUES SOCIALES, PRATIQUES INSTITUTIONNELLES ET EXPERIENCE." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00485504.
Full textBrouksy, Lahcen. "Essai sur l'aménagement du territoire au Maroc et ses implications institutionnelles et politiques." Lyon 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO33003.
Full textThis thesis involves a technical and institutional approach to the problematic national and regional development in morocco, in taking the region as the basis and setting, as the privileged place in the economic programme planning and in the participation of men in making their destiny. After analysing the path of national and regional development in morocco, this thesis laid down the problems involved in the fitting of structures to the geo-human organization of the national area, and proposed new options focussed on the national and regional objectives
Layer, Fabrice. "Les critères budgétaires de convergence : facteurs d'évolutions politiques et institutionnelles de l'Union européenne ?" Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT3004.
Full textMouketou, Jean-Aimé. "Politiques institutionnelles et organisation des territoires productifs : cas du cacao et du café." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070057.
Full textThis work of thesis shows how the cocoa and the coffee, two perennial plants of exotic origin in Africa, became an essentiel stake of the international trade because of importance of the world request. These plants are the base of an economy which mobilizes not only the infrastructures and the farming communities of the producing States, but also of many powerful multinationals, the research centers of very high level, and, more and more with the universalization of the economy and the globalisation of the exchanges, the Economy and Financial organizations international as well as the professional organizations which intervene at various levels in the production and marketing. This thesis also makes it possible to fill a lack. It plans to studv for the first time the specifie case of a Gabonese institution, the Case of Stabilization and Equalization in charge of the management of the die cocoa and coffee. Its activity had up to now been presented only under the prism of the poticy, through reports/ratios of the Gabonese government by the ministries of supervision of this institution : the ministry for Agriculture, the Breeding and the Rural Development, the ministrv for Finances, the Economy and rivatizations, the ministrv for the Planning and the Regional planning. My approach in this research is different : it aims at showing which role plays today and can play in the future, the Case of Stabilisation and Equaiization of the cocoa and the coffee in the context of the upheavals brought to the production and the trade of the matters agricultural first by the international politics of liberalization related to the phenomenon of universalization
Mouketou, Jean Aimé. "Politiques institutionnelles et organisation des territoires productifs du cacao et du café : essai /." Paris : Mare & Martin, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41002341h.
Full textMarcato, Riccardo. "L'insertion des jeunes en France et en Italie : politiques d'activation, stratégies institutionnelles et dynamiques professionnelles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV090/document.
Full textIn Europe the subsidiarisation process of social policies and employment strategy impacts the local networks of actors linked to the development of new active policies. Its consequences are managed daily by professionals working with citizens. They explain to users fractures of a welfare state in transition - from a socialization of collective risks to an individual responsibility of protection- and they give meaning to the institutional boundaries , geographical and social , built between active political devices.The research question of this thesis is to show how the European model of active employment policy structure practices and operations of new premises of welfare systems. To answer it discusses the strategies of actors face the contradictions caused by the rhetorical dimension of the new active welfare and the practical dimension of the crisis of funding. It is therefore addressing the issue of flexibilities of street level bureaucrats to deal with change and make sense of often remote European directives intervention courses and characteristics of target audiences.At the theoretical level, the objective of this research is to propose a conceptual framework to explaining the process of subsidiarisation and activation of the welfare state from its effects. Our working hypothesis leads us to explore a correlation between active employment policies and : 1. the territorial fragmentation of institutions and stakeholder networks ; 2. the specialization of public employment services; 3. the new instruments of contracts ; 4. professionalization and casualization of stakeholders.Using a comparative research in France and Italy, we offer an analysis of professional strategies involved in social integration policies for young people. About youth policy, they show the components of the local systems of welfare (Loncle, 2011) and draw welfare conditions for the new generations. In addition, since the implementation of the European Employment Strategy in 1997 and the European Youth Pact in 2005, they indicate the transition arrangements to adulthood and define the criteria of employability in the market European employment. We prefer the specific method thumbnails (Barter and Renold, 2000; Finch, 1987; Hughes and Huby, 2002) to show the scenes and actors strategies in the activation process. We complet these survey materials with semi-structured interviews and participant observation to examine different levels of actors, institutions and professionals related to the restructuring of the local welfare
MARCATO, RICCARDO. "L'insertion des jeunes en France et en Italie. Politiques d’activation, stratégies institutionnelles et dynamiques professionnelles." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/132660.
Full textBolivar, Espinoza Augusto. "Un instrument d'analyse des réformes de l'Etat : les politiques institutionnelles de contrôle : l'exemple mexicain (1982-1997)." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010268.
Full textMiévilly-Relmy, Sabine. "Des enjeux géopolitiques aux mutations institutionnelles de l'outre-mer français : le cas de la Guyane." Antilles-Guyane, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AGUY0055.
Full textBuclet, Nicolas. "Politiques d'environnement, trajectoires institutionnelles et contraintes de coordination internationale : la gestion des déchets d'emballages ménagers en europe." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070109.
Full textThe building of a common policy of packaging waste management has to take into account the existence of present irreductible uncertainties. These uncertainties hinder a precise vision of advantages and disadvantages of possible solutions. An efficient management system cannot be settled by determining an optimal technical and organisational solution. The question becomes more convincing through a search of efficiency by coordination. What is important is the set of mechanisms allowing actors to coordinate themselves throughout time. The process which leads to the building of explicit or implicit rules, is essential. We show that the efficiency, in order to concile with the viability of a management system throughout time, requires a coordination framework endowed with stability. A stable system has the characteristic to evolve throughout time while the framework of reference for the actors is not disturbed by the introduction of new elements. The actors can continue to act whit a bettview of what will imply their own action, in particular concerning the other actors with whom they try to coordinate and who are going to give interpretation to their action. Even if it does not allow to reduce radical uncertainties, every actor acts in situation of reduced uncertainty regarding the actions in conformity with a coordination framework and follows the efficiency within it. We elabor an explaining model on the conditions which allow a regulator to elaborate a system of rules endowed with stability. This model helps us to show, through the example of the "packaging" european directive , the limits of regulation process within the eu. The upholding of a logic close to international negotiations, limits the possibilities that a regulator settles a system of rules coherent with the announced objectives. A first track is launched on the introduction of founding principles of a european "regime" which would allow the actors, by being in a logic of respect of national institutional trajectories - important condition for the stability of a system - to tackle the question of organisational and technical choices from stable references
Mijiyawa, Abdoul' Ganiou. "Institutions et développement : analyse des effets macroéconomiques des institutions et de réformes institutionnelles dans les pays en développement." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/48/49/05/PDF/These_Abdoul_MIJIYAWA.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation is a contribution to the economic analysis of institutions. In the recent years, many studies have showed that weak institutions in developing countries are one of the deep causes of their poor economic performances. While the need of institutional reforms in developing countries seems to raise consensus, the literature rarely takes into account the costs related to the improvement in the quality of institutions. In addition, improving the quality of institutions may induce costs in the short run whereas benefits will show themselves in the long run. The lag between the costs and benefits of better institutional quality may thus reduce developing countries’ incentives to reform their institutions. Moreover, the literature tackles few, the question of factors likely to facilitate institutional reforms in developing countries. This dissertation attempts to provide clarifications on these points and has two main objectives. The first bjective is to analyse the rationale of the choice of a strategy of economic development based on institutional reform in developing countries. In other words, in spite of the delay in the positive effect of institutional quality improvement, the dissertation seeks to know whether it is economically justified to reform institutions in developing countries. The second objective is to analyse factors likely to facilitate institutional reforms in developing countries. The main results of empirical analyses using data covering the period 1960-2005 confirm that, it is better for developing countries to choose a strategy of economic development based on the reform of their institutions. Likewise, this dissertation shows that an effective combination of internal factors -the existence in developing countries of effective institutions of constraints on the executive- and external factors -FDI inflows in developing countries- are likely to facilitate the reform of private property rights institutions in developing countries. Indeed, our empirical analyses show that: (1) An improvement in the quality of democratic institutions, property rights institutions and regulatory institutions in particular, are favourable to economic growth sustainability in developing countries. (2) The improvement in the quality of institutions induces costs in the short run and benefits in the long run, however, the long run benefits might outweigh the short run costs. We highlight this result through a comparison of the short and the long run effects of democratic institutions on economic growth in developing countries. (3) The probability of reforming private property rights institutions increases with FDI inflows in developing countries endowed with effective institutions of constraints on the executive
Ferrer, Gutierro Maria Isabel. "La problématique du conseil en management aux PME : une approche européenne des pratiques d'intervention et des politiques institutionnelles." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON1A014.
Full textFeutry, David. "Plumes de fer et robes de papier. Logiques institutionnelles et pratiques politiques du parlement de Paris au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040192.
Full textThe fight between the crown and the Parlement of Paris has been seen as the origins of the French Revolution. The Parlement was guilty of trying to usurp the power of the King. In fact, the comprehension of the XVIIIth Century is more problematic because the Parlement of Paris had never been the executioner of the monarchy. The judges had tried to help the King in the making of the laws. The institutional study of the mechanisms of the Parlement, the analysis of the fees of the judges and of the theoretical justifications of the Parlement show the real place of the court in the evolution of the century
Feutry, David. "Plumes de fer et robes de papier. Logiques institutionnelles et pratiques politiques du parlement de Paris au XVIIIe siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040192.
Full textThe fight between the crown and the Parlement of Paris has been seen as the origins of the French Revolution. The Parlement was guilty of trying to usurp the power of the King. In fact, the comprehension of the XVIIIth Century is more problematic because the Parlement of Paris had never been the executioner of the monarchy. The judges had tried to help the King in the making of the laws. The institutional study of the mechanisms of the Parlement, the analysis of the fees of the judges and of the theoretical justifications of the Parlement show the real place of the court in the evolution of the century
Houzibé, Ousmane Koudangbé. "L'impasse du processus démocratique en Afrique noire francophone : le cas du Tchad : les dimensions juridiques, politiques et institutionnelles de la démocratisation en Afrique subsaharienne." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUED002.
Full textFrom universal principles and Francophone African examples where democracy is on (Benin, Senegal), this thesis aims to show that the democratic process in Chad has stalled because of political authoritarianism and bad governance. Authoritarianism has resulted in the demolition of democratic gains erected early in the process of constitutional and institutional mechanism load limit abuses of power to cause political change. On the electoral level, the organization and the outcome of the elections showed the limits of the weaknesses of the electoral commission and the Constitutional Council in the management of contentious elections and the proclamation of the true results from the polls. Constitutionally, the modification in June 2005 led the democratic process in stalemate due to the deconstruction of the standard for limiting the number of presidential terms now renewable for life. At the institutional and political level, dysfunction reigns supreme and the separation of powers is only simply because of presidential influence and institutions of functional autonomy deficit (legislative and judiciary). Furthermore, this thesis denounces the lack of democratic change through the rise of hyper-presidentialism Chadian and offers Executive reform to boost the dynamics of democratic consolidation in Chad
Diompy, Abraham Hervé. "Le paradoxe de l'internationalisation du droit constitutionnel en Afrique : réflexions sur les interactions normatives, institutionnelles et politiques dans l'espace CEDEAO." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0003/document.
Full textIt is difficult to deny that something has happened to constitutional lawunder the combined effect of the internationalization of law and the construction of thecommunity. Indeed, constitutional law is internationalized, regionalized in an exponentialmovement. Africa in general and the ECOWAS area in particular do not escape the globaldynamics of modern constitutionalism. Thus, it has been observed that theinternationalization of constitutional law on the African continent, which takes the form of aprocess of impact, influence or sometimes constraints, leads both to a horizontalreconfiguration of constitutional and a vertical redistribution of power within the state. Onthe other hand, at the supranational level, this dynamic and intense process, which marks anopening up of legal systems and promotes communication between legal orders, is reflectedin a phenomenon of integration and progressive harmonization of the state's constitutionalsystems around democratic standards The ECOWAS Protocol on Democracy and GoodGovernance of 2001. The dialectic is, in the end, paradoxical in that the internationalizationof constitutional law in Africa and more particularly in the ECOWAS area proves to be aphenomenon Disrupting the constitutional legal systems of the state and the community,and at the same time an instrument of material (fundamental) and structural (democraticpolitical rule, rule of law) convergence of these orders through standards which constitutethe common constitutional heritage
Timera, Aly Sada. "Les politiques urbaines face à l’habitat précaire à Dakar : Géohistoire des mobilités résidentielles, normes institutionnelles et pratiques populaires de l’espace." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC157.
Full textThe configuration and functioning of Dakar area are marked by a permanent confrontation between the "institutional norms" and the popular modes of production and consumption of the urban space.The main objective of this work is to analyze the way in which the urban space of Dakar is being developed and built, and more especially the modes of production of residential spaces and how they are shaped by contradictory logics and differentiated actors strategies. The geo-history of urban construction in Dakar, which has served us as a framework, shows that the construction of the Senegalese capital is part of a constant struggle between actors for the appropriation of spatio-territorial resources. These latter are marked by the rejection and the progressive exclusion of social groups that have economically been fragile and whose residential ascendancies, which have often been violently liberated, have been reallocated to social actors with higher incomes.In front of this segregationist policy, a rigorous resistance of the popular social groups is developed and has finally imposed its forms and modalities of spatial consumption becoming dominant so as to produce an urbanity characteristic of a city-specific physiognomic identity.The state has developed, a politico - administrative recovery strategy has been expressed on political plan through the deepening of decentralization with the creation of borough communes covering the era of irregular zones, institutionalized in full - Act III of decentralization.The redeployment of the State is also reflected in the dynamics of making new-territories that it generates with the operations of Restructuring and land Regularization in particular. It is a technical-urbanistic control company which aims a physical and socio-economic integration of the irregular districts to the "legal city".Indeed, the imperative of politico-administrative control (decentralization / devolution) and the technical-urbanist harmonization (land restructuring / regularization) of the city are part of a wider field which aims at expanding the market and consolidating it.It thus appears that by claiming to fight against the territorial exclusions and inequalities, the RRF projects reproduce them in a renewed form, as a field of preparation for the expansion of the market in the informality territories
Ricatto, Bruno. "Dimensions institutionnelles de la documentation pedagogique : communication et interactions dans le systeme educatif." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE2017.
Full textDromard, Michaël. "Les doctrines institutionnelles des Responsables Politiques Français vis à vis de la notion de Cohabitation au cours de la 5ème République : 1958-2017." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020080/document.
Full textThe thesis recalls the many positions of the French political officials with respect to the concept of cohabitation during years 1958-2017 and highlights their institutional contradictions which appear according to situations and political circumstances given. It thus emphasizes the many institutional divergences of the right-hand side on the subject : the cohabitationnist refusal of the Gaullist and Pompidolian regims, the Giscardian assent of 1978, the division within the right during Mitterrand years between 1981 and 1995, the union in the denunciation during the first mandate of Jacques Chirac between 1995 and 2002 and finally a succession of contradictions during years 2002-2017. The thesis also records certain institutional divergences on the side of the socialist left : a cohabitationnist will during years 1958-1981, a serious reserve during years 1981-1986 then 1988-1993, a cohabitationnist satisfaction during years 1997-2002 and also a succession of contradictions during years 2002-2017. The thesis shows so the way in which the political leaders have evolved their institutional doctrines according to situations and political circumstances given and also tries to explain their numerous personal strategies and their institutional reflections with respect to the cohabitation
Montigny, Eric. "Contraintes institutionnelles, leadership et sélection des objectifs partisans au sein des partis politiques: les cas du parti Québécois et du labour britannique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26898/26898.pdf.
Full textMontigny, Éric. "Contraintes institutionnelles, leadership et sélection des objectifs partisans au sein des partis politiques : les cas du Parti québécois et du Labour britannique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22318.
Full textSchorung, Matthieu. "Le transport ferroviaire de passagers aux Etats-Unis entre conflictualités institutionnelles, processus de territorialisation et ancrage métropolitain." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2016/document.
Full textThe subject of this research is intercity passenger rail transportation in the United States, approached from two perspectives: Amtrak’s traditional rail services and high-speed rail projects. The aim is to understand the workings of public rail transportation policies, what they contain, and how they are developed and pursued by the different actors. The originality of the research lies in its multiscale approach, with a constant back-and-forth between the different scales of analysis, and in its use of several case studies to analyze the territorialization of intercity rail transportation policies. The analysis demonstrates the emergence of a bottom-up approach to projects, notably apparent in the Californian HSR project and in the modernization of the Cascades corridor. This process has even gone to the extreme with the proliferation of private rail projects that stress their independence from government, be it in decision-making, governance, or funding. This seems definitively to preclude any attempt to establish a national framework for high-speed rail, like those found elsewhere in the world, regardless of party-political considerations, i.e. the traditionally greater enthusiasm of the Democratic Party for large-scale federal investment. Two conclusions emerge: first, the development of uniform arguments and recommendations to encourage new rail policies, emphasizing the structuring effects and economic role of high-speed rail, congestion reduction, modal shift; second, a tangible though uneven pro-rail position among public actors at all levels. Priority is placed on improving and modernizing existing corridors for the launch of higher-speed services, and then on hybrid networks that combine different types of infrastructures. There are no publicly backed projects for new lines exclusively dedicated to high-speed rail. Most of the high-speed corridors are in fact “higher-speed” corridors, some of which are intended to become high-speed at some time in the future, such as the Northeast corridor. The territorialization of rail projects entails the design and construction of transportation networks that are more integrated – at least in terms of service provision and physical connection – and genuinely interconnected. After analyzing projects for the upgrading of higher-speed corridors and the construction of new infrastructures, we note the importance of stations and the emphasis on the need for better coordination between transportation and urbanism through support for station districts. Indeed, a rail corridor project – situated at the intersection of political, economic, technical, and territorial interests – is the nucleus of a process of territorialization that materially embeds the infrastructure within urban spaces, and of a process of politicization through the involvement of local actors. Rail projects seem to be an instrument that leads to the implantation of metropolitan scale facilities (stations, intermodal hubs) and to the shaping or reshaping of the urban fabric (station districts, larger-scale district regeneration projects)
Guillaumet, Anne. "La place de la nature dans la société tunisienne post-révolution entre politiques de protection et exploitation touristique : Représentations, approches institutionnelles et pratiques sociales." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG1196.
Full textIn Tunisia, in the aftermath of the 2011 Revolution, many protected natural areas such as national and urban parks were severely degraded and vandalized. In parallel, in 2014, nature became a constitutional right and at the same time in the tourism sector, touristic offers more attuned to natural areas emerged. What do these contradictory behaviours tell us about Mankind/Nature relations in post-revolution Tunisian society? Our research focuses on the analysis of the social representations of nature, in particular "iconic" images, old and new, of nature (Part 1), the ambitions of public policies in terms of environmental protection that have followed one another since Independence, the environmental themes promoted by the actors of the post- revolution public debate (political, associative, media) (Part 2), as well as recent trends in Tunisian tourism and the new outdoor activities of the Tunisian people (Part 3)
En Túnez, después de la Révolution de 2011, muchas áreas de naturaleza protegida como los parques nacionales y los parques urbanos enfrentan graves degradaciones y actos de vandalismo. En paralelo, en 2014, la naturaleza se vuelve un derecho constitucional, y al mismo tiempo, en el sector del turismo, se nota la aparición de una oferta turística más cerca de los espacios naturales. ¿ Que nos enseñan estos comportamientos tan contradictorios de las relaciones entre humano/naturaleza en la sociedad tunecina post-revolución ? Es a través del estudio de las representaciones sociales que nuestra investigación se centra, prestando más interés, a las imágenes « icónicas », antiguas y recientes, de la naturaleza (parte 1), a las ambiciones de las políticas públicas en el sector de la protección del medio ambiente que se produjeron desde la independencia, a las temáticas ambientales apoyadas por los actores del debate público post-revolución (político, asociativo, prensa) (parte 2), así como las recientes tendencias del turismo tunecino y las nuevas prácticas en plena naturaleza de los tunecinos (parte 3)
Mattei, Catherine. "Politiques de lutte contre l’exclusion et construction de l’employabilité : évaluation des personnes et offres institutionnelles : Le cas du RMI dans les Bouches du Rhône." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3052/document.
Full textThis thesis seeks to understand one of France's major social welfare programmes by observing and analysing the professional practices and the way in which the players conceive and reconstruct their tools for their daily work. This study looks at the implementation of laws about the RMI benefit (minimum integration income), primarily focusing on the issue of employability. Increasing unemployment and a growing political desire to rigorously manage public finances has utterly transformed the social welfare; social welfare is increasingly organised on the basis of supply and demand, resembling a market-driven operation. The desire to improve the employability of those receiving RMI is proof of these profound changes. The relationship between users and the benefit-giving institution is symbolised by a reintegration contract. This approach aims at fostering “demand” in the form of an individual plan that should be matched by the “supply” of a service offer. The unbalanced relationship between users and the support system that has not only a market-driven approach, but also an industrialised set-up in terms of accountancy and bureaucratic requirements, is expressed by an explicit aim of standardising the demand to match the supply of services. In order to implement its new responsibilities and its policies of combating exclusion, the Bouches du Rhône Council relies on a circle of organisations: its own services, voluntary sector bodies, and local government organisations. The decentralisation of government action has generated a “local centralisation of powers”, creating top-down practices that run contrary to the independent and bottom-up practices it was supposed to promote
Petit, Guillaume. "Pouvoir et vouloir participer en démocratie : sociologie de l'engagement participatif : la production et la réception des offres institutionnelles de participation à l’échelle municipale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D094/document.
Full textThis thesis studies political participation at local level and its implications for citizen engagement in public policy. Local elected representatives want to engage citizens in governance, citizens want to be heard and to influence policy making. Thus participatory democracy and deliberative imperative are considered as an ideal for government and a best practice in public action. This thesis focuses on "offers of participation" - opportunities for participation created by authorities for citizen - in French municipalities since 1990. I argue that these "offers" swing between thwart institutionalising and continuous experimenting. Empirical data are derived from the study of policies for implementing participatory democracy in three cities of 20 000 inhabitants. I discuss the social-historical anchorage of these political-administrative constructions, the effects of their various design and the social conditions of their differentiate appropriations by citizens. I suggest a grounded theory of citizen engagement based on an inductive and multi-method approach. The analytical framework is based on the concepts of social dispositions and situations, in order to determine social conditions of patterns of participation and non-participation, as both faces of a similar phenomenon. The opportunity for an effective intermittent participation can only be understood in relation with a distanced, impeached, prevented or avoided participation. "Offers of participation" are a way to mobilise citizens on a common local interest. Though, their impact is narrowed by the fact that participation is imbedded in the system of political representation
Sarmis, Dilek. "La pensée de Bergson dans la genèse de la Turquie moderne : un prisme des transitions lexicales, institutionnelles et politiques de la fin de I'Empire ottoman à la Turquie républicaine." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0077.
Full textSince the 1910s, the reception of the French philosopher Henri Bergson among the mostly Francophone literary elite of the Ottoman Empire established his thought as a tool of the spiritualist reaction to the dominant positivist and materialist paradigm. While one of the first Ottoman readings of his work associated Bergsonian intuitionism with Sufi spiritualism, epistemological and disciplinary dynamics of the late imperial period created the conditions for its evolvement into a new psycho-philosophy. The War of Independence led by the future Ataturk in response to the collapse of the Empire during the First World War found expression in the review Dergah (1921-1923), which erected Bergsonism to the rank of a salvational philosophy. Alternative and spiritualist rationality, mobilization by the elan vital, and intuitionisn as a means of access to knowledge: the registers mobilized by Bergsonians constituted a psycho-philosophical epistemology seductive in times of crisis, which found its institutional counterpart in the Ottoman Darulfunun and during Republican times Istanbul University. After 1923, translations of Bergson accompanied a transposition of his philosophemes into the socio political field: nourishing a spiritualist yet secularized interpretation of the religious, they contributed to an alternative expression, described as conservative, of Kemalist republicanism and the political notion of time. This work questions, by means of the historicization of Bergsonian concepts, the modes in which the philosophical is envisaged as a discourse order that is actualized through epistemological, linguistic, institutional, religious or political shapings
Aïvo, Frédéric Joël. "Le président de la République en Afrique noire francophone : essai sur la sociologie et les évolutions institutionnelles de la fonction au Bénin, au Cameroun, au Gabon et au Togo." Lyon 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO33026.
Full textSiemushyna, Mariia. "Parents immigrés dans quelle(s) langue(s) vivez-vous votre parentalité ? : évaluation biographique des effets des politiques linguistiques familiales et institutionnelles sur la parentalité des parents immigrés à Strasbourg (France) et Francfort-sur-le-Main (Allemagne)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAG024.
Full textThis research focuses on the effects of family and institutional language policies on different dimensions of parenting of migrant parents (exercice, practice, experience (Houzel, 1999)). The analysis is based on non-directive interviews and life stories of immigrant parents and children, as well as testimonies of professionals and volunteer resource persons in Strasbourg (France) and Frankfurt-on-the-Main (Germany). By positioning parents as the main focus of this study, we endeavour to make a contribution to the research on family language policies, and through conducting a biographical evaluation of institutional language policies, we also seek to contribute to studies on policy evaluation, and in particular to those on the evaluation of language policies
Aguissa, Abdoul Aziz. "Les réformes institutionnelles maliennes face aux enjeux de la bonne gouvernance : de la gouvernance d'identification à la gouvernance d'appropriation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GREND007.
Full textPopular concept or contemporary “jargon”, governance has become in recent years an issue mainly for African states seeking legitimacy through democratization. So through this thesis, we define the concept, describe the references from history and present perspectives in Mali in its epistolary construction, stakeholder networking, different empirical distancing that marked the construction and deconstruction of the ideal state or the political system. This approach enables us to situate the strong antinomies for which we refer to governance in Mali as “governance of identification”. The analysis of the context will help us study the paradigm of governance under the prism of ownership or “ownership governance”. The perspective lines of reasoning concern both the establishment of the congruence between governance and institutional reforms and the taking into account of the credibility of governance at national and territorial levels for a better institutional reform. Finally we open perspectives for the post crisis situation in Mali which require to take into account the lessons learnt by different actors in order to avoid that Mali falls back again in a similar situation to the one prevailing before “serval force” intervention
Ghoussoub, Dani Debard Thierry. "Le rôle du confessionnalisme dans la vie institutionnelle libanaise." Lyon : Université Lyon 3, 2008. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/2007/ghoussoub_d.
Full textGhoussoub, Dani. "Le rôle du confessionnalisme dans la vie institutionnelle libanaise." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2007_out_ghoussoub_d.pdf.
Full textConfessionnalism in Lebanon overflows private sphere to monopolize public sphere. Lebanease democracy is so peculiar that it associates two concepts apparently inconsistent to set up a political system. For a western jurist this may look like a ludicrous idea. Impact of confessionnalism on lebanease institutions is so strong that lebanease “democracy”, that we called “community democracy”, seems to be conditioned by confessionnal membership of lebanease citizens. Thus no lebanease can have any legal existence unless being considered as member of such and such confession or such and such community. Even MPs election is subject to confessional agreements. A lebanease is conditionned by his confession membership from the cradle to the grave. Whatever, Lebanon remains a democracy that copes pretty well with religious matter. However, in order to modernize lebanease institutions it must be thought about a possible deconfessionnalisation process. Process considered by the lebanease Constitution as a “national objective”. But what about this objective? Is it reachable? Is it desirable?
Vaneecloo, Clément. "Économie politique de la solidarité européenne : l'influence des facteurs politiques, institutionnels et organisationnels sur la politique de cohésion et son efficacité." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/2a9cf441-0304-46dd-9c05-122f644f50e5.
Full textGagnol, Laurent. "Politiques budgetaires et organisation institutionnelle d'une union monetaire." Strasbourg 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1EC07.
Full textStricher, Daniel. "La durée des mandats politiques : approches institutionnelle et comparative." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0154/document.
Full textRarely, the duration of the political mandates is considered otherwise than as a subordinate in the analysis of political regimes while in everyday political life, it constitutes an essential fact of political practice.However, the duration of the political mandates is a data resulting from the implementation of concepts such essential to the definition of political living together as Democracy, Citizenship, Republic, Sovereignty and Representation. Starting from the premise that the concept is rarely questioned in terms of constitutional law, the analysis of the institutional provisions of countries with different legal traditions allows us to study the place that takes the concept of duration of political mandates and what role this concept plays in the institutional balance of each state.In this analysis, we have to take into account the theoretical duration of the mandate but also the possibility of a renewal or extend or, on the contrary, the various contingencies of its reduction.Because it constitutes an important factor of the delegation that the Sovereign People grants to the Representation, the notion of duration of political mandates should be at the heart of the Constitution of each State. We note, however, that such is not always the case where, sometimes, essential political mandates see their duration be set by the simple law. In addition, local political mandates, whose importance is growing in the minds of the citizens, are addressed in the legislative framework. Countdown of this first observation, there is also the theme of the duration of the political mandates in universal or regional international treaties.In a second phase, the analysis of the Constitutions in more than 70 countries shows that the duration of the political mandates is, initially, established with the characteristics that we want to give to the plan policy and that duration is, in turn, on the evolution of the political scheme, the mandates and their time interacting each other within same plan.Finally, if it can be seen that the most commonly accepted duration lies between four and five years, it should be note that, historically at least, the most generally practiced duration has varied according to balance admitted between respect for sovereignty of the people and latitude granted to representation, each experience highlighting the difficulty of establishing an intellectually satisfactory compromise between the citizen’s right and freedom of the rulers
Le, Baut-Ferrarèse Bernadette. "La Communauté européenne et l'autonomie institutionnelle et procédurale des états membres." Lyon 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO3A001.
Full textBoafo, Komikuma. "Etude de deux politiques éducatives de lutte contre les difficultés d’apprentissage : Analyse des facteurs influençant les pratiques pédagogiques dans les dispositifs d’accompagnement à la scolarité en France et des cours de répétition au Togo." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0050.
Full textThis thesis aims to analyze the influence of motivations, profiles (professions) of companions and institutional values on teaching practices in the facilities of support for schooling in France and rehearsal courses in Togo. The results highlight that academic performance of the students takes precedence over their social integration. Two skills are the most used : listening to students (France) and centralization of activities on the needs of the accompanied (Togo). Traditional pedagogy, the most used, is impacted by the motivations, profils of companions and institutional values. Prospect of training companions in pedagogical diversity and pupil pedagogy should be considered in order to make these facilities a significant learning potential for accompanied pupils
ElMahdawi, Mohammed-Nouri. "Analyse politique et institutionnelle du phénomène pétrolier en Libye." Grenoble 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE21075.
Full textThe question which interests us in this present work focuse, on one side, on the important effect of the oil, as long as the only and dominant sector of exportation on the socio-political and institutional transormation process of the libyan experience , and on other side, his effect on the political-ideological choice of the new republic libyan system and its functionning. It means, the way that the new libyan regime that has been capable, since 1969, but particullary from 1978, claiming the "participating sociolism", to arise a new "social-political and institutional structure
Mahdawi, Mohammed-Nouri el. "Analyse politique et institutionnelle du phénomène pétrolier en Libye." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376075442.
Full textElkawafi, Mohamed. "Libye : le pluralisme médiatique à l'épreuve de la dualité institutionnelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080091.
Full textIn the aftermath of the revolution of February 17, 2011, the Libyan media sector underwent a remarkable transformation. A new private media order has taken hold in the country, suggesting that the various means of audio-visual and written media have finally entered the world of free speech. However, since the onset of the political crisis in 2014, which resulted in the erosion of state institutions, including those in the media sector, media practice as well as media pluralism have suffered the full brunt of the consequences of this crisis. The Libyan media has shifted from state control to excessive influence by tribe, region and ideology.In contrast, during the crisis of institutional dualism, the media scene was marked by dozens of crimes and assaults against journalists, including murders, attempted murders, kidnappings, acts of torture, arrests and physical violence. The headquarters of many media have also been targeted by attacks by armed groups. In addition, journalists still face legal risks due to laws issued by rival governments in the country. Many journalists have been physically assaulted, arbitrarily arrested, harassed and kidnapped by government forces in the east and west of the country. Under these conditions, one could no longer speak of a favorable environment for media pluralism
Dakowska, Dorota. "Les fondations politiques allemandes dans la politique étrangère : de la genèse institutionnelle à leur engagement dans le processus d'élargissement de l'Union européenne." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005IEPP0040.
Full textThis PhD thesis analyses the German political foundations as actors of both foreign policy and transnational party cooperation. As party related, publicly financed organisations the German foundations may be considered as brokers between different institutional fields and this position is their main resource. At first the conditions of foundations’ emergence in the post-war Germany are analysed: the beginnings of the German Foreign policy during the Cold War, the interministerial struggles for the definition of the development policy. Analysing the intrication of public and private actors in the conduct of the Foreign policy allows studying the legitimating of this policy at the administrative level, such as the construction and strategic use of the NGO image by the foundations. The case study of foundations’ involvement in Poland during the transformation process throws new light on usual approaches of “democracy assistance”, as an interactive perspective is proposed. Moreover, observing foundations’ action as mediators to the transnational party cooperation during the EU enlargement allows studying the mechanisms of party affiliation preceding the accession of new member states. Thus, socialisation forums and transnational norm dynamics are revalorised, which goes beyond the conditionality framework dominating the enlargement studies
Youssef, Hoda. "Ciblage d’Inflation en Égypte ? : exigences budgétaires et institutionnelles." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0005.
Full textNflation targeting has emerged in recent years as an increasingly advocated framework for conducting monetary policy in order to achieve and maintain price stability. However, there is a wide consensus on the necessity of meeting a set of economic, institutional and technical preconditions in order to be able to successfully adopt an inflation targeting regime. Like many other developing countries, Egypt is aspiring to introduce inflation targeting as a framework for its monetary policy once the fundamental prerequisites are met. This thesis reviews these prerequisites and analyzes the extent to which they are met in Egypt. We argue that the major challenges that Egypt faces are the fiscal and institutional requirements, as the Egyptian economy suffers from fiscal dominance, a questionable independence of its central bank, as well as the weakness of the budgeting system and the mechanisms of execution and control of fiscal policy
Ilboudo, Laurent. "Analyse institutionnelle des politiques de développement du Burkina Faso : 1960-2010." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010028.
Full textOzorio, Lucia. "Les politiques participatives de santé : une analyse institutionnelle du Parque royal." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081961.
Full textLang, Vincent. "La professionnalisation des enseignants : sens et enjeux d'une politique institutionnelle." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT3018.
Full textThis research questions the meaning of professionalization policy as it is led by the french department of education, especially through preservice teacher education. This process is described as a specific way of structuring an instrumental approach with a "communicational" approach. The hypothesis is made that this process leads to the building up of a defined space fro professional autonomy, the condition for teachers social status increase. This research then analyses the traditional teaching professionalities, in order to put in light shared standards of practise and the knowledges they are based on. It examines how the changes that took place in the conditions and contexts of the educational practice have made the traditional forms of teaching practices inadequate. This researche lastly challenges the strength of the "teacher-as-a-professional" model and examines the set up of the new preservice education through official publications and training programs in different "IUFM". It brings out the fact that the major stack of the professionalization process consists of redefining teaching skills and identities, and also changing the usual references of professionality
Matsitsila, Jean Joseph Magloire. "L' instabilité institutionnelle dans les États d' Afrique noire d' expression française : le cas du Congo-Brazzaville, 1958-1997." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10045.
Full textIn four decades of independence, many African countries,such as the Congo, have experienced and continue to experience considerable instability in their political institutions. In the search for causes, it is tempting, as is generally done in the clasical approach, to see in the extravert character of political institutions the determining factor of institutional instability. To this can be added explanations in terms of the neo-patrimonial character of the post-colonial African state. Our investigation is defined around the question, insufficiently taken into account in European-inspired African Constitutional Law, of the indirect or implicit regulation of "redistributive capacities", redistribution channels" or "procedures for allocating public resources"
Abradi, Sara. "Le traitement des dispositifs d’intégration des demandeurs d’asile au Québec dans la littérature sociologique ou La désintégration théorique : une étude d’approche institutionnelle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40074.
Full textThe aim of this research is to study how Quebec sociology deals with the institutional measures for the integration of asylum seekers. The research was based on the observation that there are few studies on the integration of asylum seekers in Quebec sociology whereas the reflection on the matter is widely explored elsewhere. After analysing sociological texts on the topic, six themes have been proposed: the measures, the epistemological approach, the phenomenological approach, the comparative approach, the feminist approach and the critical approach. Economic measures are the most developed and they mostly concern job seeking. However, a few social, cultural and political measures do exist. As for the discourses on integration, there are differences on several levels. If at the Canadian federal level, integration refers to multiculturalism, in Quebec it deals with interculturalism, a compromise between the desire to preserve Quebec's cultural identity and the attachment to Canadian values of acceptance of the culture of the other. In the past, if the asylum seeker benefited from a positive aura with a tradition of welcoming the asylum seeker as a national value, he is now confronted with an arsenal of restrictive and dissuasive immigration measures that makes integration difficult for him. On the other hand, asylum seekers have their own perceptions and discourses on integration. The comparative approach made it possible to compare Quebec, Canadian, French and American integration models. In the past, the first comparisons of sociologists focused on French and American classical models. However, the importance of the phenomenon of immigration in these societies leaded them to find and propose other concepts in order to represent as much as possible this reality. The feminist approach shows the situation of intersectionality of women. The critical approach highlights discrimination in the process of integration and its measures which are mainly related to the issue of social integration.
Dip, Carine. "L'évolution de la spécificité institutionnelle libanaise." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1032.
Full textThe Lebanese institutional specificity rests(bases) on a historic progress which must be arrested(dreaded) in each of the big political stages. This specificity is based(established) on the existence of the various communities which mix on the same territory. Specified the deep nature means defining these communities under their various aspects. It is advisable to consider, the movements of their members in the religious, intellectual and politico-economic domains, as well as in their social reports(connections), such as they can apparaitre in the light of the historic data. Besides, to describe the religious and social organization of these groups and to study the value of their representation in machinery of state, is also fundamental
Mira, Rachid. "Économie politique de l'industrialisation en Algérie : analyse institutionnelle en longue période." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD053/document.
Full textThe problem of the thesis is based on the study of the nature and the role of the institutions in the process of economic and industrial development in Algeria. The theses is founded on an institutional analysis inspired by Mushtaq Khan (2009). The economic development would be conditional by the convergence between orientation of the distribution of rents by the state, and polotical interests of the coalition in power. The thesis explores from 1830 and nowadays the convenient periods or not in the industrial development and looks for the political obstacles and the captation of unproductive rents