Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politique urbaine – São Paulo (Brésil)'
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Macedo, Bessa Luiz Fernando. "Un exemple de la politique urbaine brésilienne : le système métropolitain de planification et d'administration à Sao Paulo." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010531.
Full textMoaty, Mathilde. "Conflit et production urbaine : mobilisations, matérialités et forme sociale patrimonialiste à Vila Leopoldina (São Paulo)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PESC2007.
Full textIn 2016, a Brazilian multinational company that owns land in the Vila Leopoldina neighbourhood, located in the western zone of São Paulo, proposed a new urban intervention project (PIU) to the municipality. This urban renewal project has triggered a conflict between three groups of stakeholders rooted in the neighbourhood: private companies, an economic and financial elite that has historically shaped Brazil's patrimonial social structure; upper-middle-class residents, a small local elite that has recently settled in secure vertical condominiums; and communities of impoverished residents who have been excluded from access to decent housing. Based on fieldwork and an online analysis of social networks and public hearings, this paper traces how this conflict emerged and examines forms of mobilization and their spaces in Sao Paolo, drawing particular attention to materiality. This thesis hypothesises that this territorialised conflict, which revolves around an urban instrument (the PIU), reveals both the social form of Brazilian society and the patrimonialist urban production characteristic of Brazil's large cities. To demonstrate this, the thesis analyses and compares the territorialised moral economies of the three conflicting groups of stakeholders
Dumas, Rose-Marie, and Rose-Marie Dumas. "Les enjeux politiques de la gouvernance environnementale : le cas de la gestion des eaux de surface à São Paulo." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30030.
Full textDans un contexte où les changements climatiques se manifestent sous forme de phénomènes climatiques extrêmes tels que des sècheresses prolongées et des précipitations abondantes soudaines, la question de la texture des sols urbains et de la protection des sources d’eau fait l’objet de nouvelles préoccupations en matière de planification urbaine. Alors que la régulation et la filtration de l’eau de ruissèlement sont restreintes par l’imperméabilité des surfaces urbaines, plusieurs métropoles, dont São Paulo, peuvent se retrouver en situation de crises dues à l’indisponibilité de l’eau potable, aux inondations subites ou à la création d’îlots de chaleur. L’efficacité de la gouvernance environnementale appliquée à la gestion des eaux en milieu métropolitain devient donc primordiale. Par une étude de cas de la métropole de São Paulo, la présente recherche tente d’élucider les facteurs rendant possible l’atteinte d’un modèle de gouvernance environnementale métropolitain qui permettrait de maintenir les fonctions écosystémiques des bassins versants et de construire la résilience à la variabilité climatique. La stratégie d’enquête, basée sur l’analyse de documents scientifiques et gouvernementaux, l’observation participante et la tenue d’entretiens semi-dirigés, permit de soulever plusieurs obstacles à l'application des politiques publiques de protection des espaces verts et des sources d’eau. La carence de maîtrise de l’usage des sols, la priorisation des intérêts économiques, la sectorisation des instances gouvernementales et la faible intégration de la société civile au processus de prise de décision surgissent comme d’importants freins à la construction d’une gouvernance environnementale à São Paulo. La considération des savoirs scientifiques et locaux et la gestion du risque lié à la variabilité climatique sont marginalisées par la sphère politique. Ainsi, la présence d’une vaste législation environnementale, telle qu’en vigueur dans la métropole de São Paulo, ne signifie pas forcément une application des projets et des règlements sans faille.
In a context where climate changes are manifested by extreme climatic events such as prolonged droughts and sudden abundant rainfall, the issue of urban soil texture and water protection is a new concern in urban planning. While the regulation and filtration of runoff water is restricted by the impermeability of urban surfaces, several cities, including São Paulo, may end up in crisis due to the unavailability of drinking water, floods or creation of heat islands. The effectiveness of environmental governance applied to water management in metropolitan areas therefore becomes paramount importance. Through a case study of the metropolis of São Paulo, this research attempts to elucidate the factors that make it possible to achieve a metropolitan environmental governance that would maintain watersheds ecosystem functions and build resilience to climate variability. The research strategy, based on the analysis of scientific and governmental documents, participant observation and semistructured interviews, shows several obstacles to the application of public policies for the protection of green spaces and water sources. The lack of control over land use, the prioritization of economic interests, the governmental sectoralization and the weak integration of civil society into the decision-making process appear as major obstacles to the construction of environmental governance in São Paulo. Scientific and local knowledges and climate risk management are marginalized by the political sphere. Thus, the presence of a vast environmental legislation, as in place in the metropolis of São Paulo, does not necessarily mean an unfailing application of projects and regulations.
In a context where climate changes are manifested by extreme climatic events such as prolonged droughts and sudden abundant rainfall, the issue of urban soil texture and water protection is a new concern in urban planning. While the regulation and filtration of runoff water is restricted by the impermeability of urban surfaces, several cities, including São Paulo, may end up in crisis due to the unavailability of drinking water, floods or creation of heat islands. The effectiveness of environmental governance applied to water management in metropolitan areas therefore becomes paramount importance. Through a case study of the metropolis of São Paulo, this research attempts to elucidate the factors that make it possible to achieve a metropolitan environmental governance that would maintain watersheds ecosystem functions and build resilience to climate variability. The research strategy, based on the analysis of scientific and governmental documents, participant observation and semistructured interviews, shows several obstacles to the application of public policies for the protection of green spaces and water sources. The lack of control over land use, the prioritization of economic interests, the governmental sectoralization and the weak integration of civil society into the decision-making process appear as major obstacles to the construction of environmental governance in São Paulo. Scientific and local knowledges and climate risk management are marginalized by the political sphere. Thus, the presence of a vast environmental legislation, as in place in the metropolis of São Paulo, does not necessarily mean an unfailing application of projects and regulations.
Bortolato, Thais. "L’espace urbain entre le public et le privé : stratégies d'intervention pour la préservation et la réhabilitation urbaines : les cas de Paris et de São Paulo." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040213.
Full textBased on the objectives that guided public politics inside Marais in Paris over the last four decades, for example the preserving and reinforcing of historical and architectural heritage, as well as the activities, urban form and environment qualities, our research intends to analyze the possible preservation strategies by putting the examples of two big cities side-by-side : Paris and São Paulo.São Paulo, space of attraction and heart of innovation, seems to be a battlefield between old and modern, public and private in terms of urban design and daily life dynamics in a way that always benefits private spaces and therefore the already privileged social sectors and upside sites. State market and urban policies over time in São Paulo, while being one of the reasons that cause social inequality, have left their prints in the configuration and the management of the specific heritage of this territory.Urban Politics and Spatial Dynamics over time in São Paulo have been so oppressive in terms of social and landscape inequality that they created a considerable number of abandoned and degradated spaces as well as defined a deficient notion within the popular belief about preservation and collective land use..Heritage is treated based on the concept of public space in terms of legislation, Urban Design and as a means of democratic expression of political power in this StudyIn summary, with this research we intend to identify the real and most contemporary possibilities and factors that can stimulate an effective movement for urban restoration, public management and use of space in São Paulo
Cohen, Corentin. "Politiques des images dans les conflits armés contemporains : cas de l’insurrection de Boko Haram et de la violence urbaine liée au Primeiro Comando da Capital à Sao Paulo." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0043.
Full textThis thesis aims at understanding the visual dimension of contemporary armed conflicts. To do so it presents empirical datas on the pictures, their production, circulation and reception during two armed conflicts. The first case is the urban conflict around drug trafficking and the Primeiro Comando da Capital in Sao Paulo. The second one is the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon. This approach shows that contemporary conflicts are entangled in controversies about their meaning and definition. The actors of theses conflicts try to impose their own framing and their interpretation of the conflict using pictures. When the actors do not produce images, they are forced to advance some interpretations of the pictures. To identify the role of images in controversies relating to armed conflicts the thesis develops two concepts. The first one is the « regime d’images ». It underlines the modes of functionment of these images and makes it possible to explain their power over the controversies. This concept is used to show the different dynamics in the two cases. Regarding the Boko Haram insurgency, one of the « regime d’image » contributed to the internationalization of the conflict. In Sao Paulo the regimes of images reinforce the different positions of the actors in the controversy. The thesis also develops the idea of aesthetic capital of armed groups. This aesthetic capital can be transformed into military capital. We validate this hypothesis showing how this capital worked for the PCC and Boko Haram. The two groups are forced to adopt the visual codes and the aesthetic of the Islamic State to manifest their political antagonism
Passos, Medrano Hélio Iveson. "Déprédation scolaire : le politique en morceaux (Campinas - São Paulo - 1990)." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030163.
Full textThis research is a study of urban school depredation taking place in the underprivileged neighborhoods of the city of campinas. Its objective is to conceive a contemporary concept of what can be called "negotiation with school depredation "
Andrade, Julia Santos Cossermelli de. "L'urbanisation corporative et la revalorisation du centre ville." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010619.
Full textVerri, Whitaker Narcisa Beatrice. "Os sem-teto do centro de São Paulo : um balanço dos anos 2001-2004." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083642.
Full textCe travail concerne les champs d’action des mouvements sociaux, les composants et le rôle des acteurs. Il existe trois compartiments à partir desquels nous avons l’intention d’ouvrir un nouveau front de connaissances sur un secteur du mouvement pour le logement à Sao Paulo pendant le gouvernement du PT entre 2001 et 2004, moment intermédiaire entre la phase de restructuration de la production capitaliste dans le pays, mise en place par un gouvernement néolibéral, et sa consolidation par un gouvernement se revendiquant de gauche : le premier sur le terrain institutionnel, le second dans le domaine politique, et le troisième dans le champ catégoriel. Ces trois champs impliquant des questions propres à d’autres mouvements présentant des problèmes dont les causes endogènes ou exogènes ne sont jamais exhaustives, entrevoyant des perspectives non encore aperçues, sont développés dans la tentative de trouver des réponses aux phénomènes communs à l’ensemble des métropoles comme Sao Paulo. L’observation empirique des mouvements pour le logement amène à des constatations relatives à la dynamique des mouvements vis-à-vis des politiques publiques et des partis, à leur condition, qui est d’appartenir à un domaine catégoriel, d’être composés principalement de femmes et de migrants, et d’exister grâce aux théologiens de la libération. Certaines de ces constatations sont admises depuis quelque temps par les chercheurs et les théoriciens des mouvements sociaux, d’autres sont niées ou rejetées, mais aucune d’entre elles ne prend pas en compte le caractère d’interdépendance entre les trois compartiments cités ci-dessus. Une analyse plus approfondie montre que les mouvements qui luttent pour des problèmes spécifiques, même s’ils sont conscients des problèmes de l’ensemble de la société, tendent à rester isolés, marginalisés s’ils ne parviennent pas à créer la nécessaire constitution des relations de force dans des conditions déterminées, une d’entre elles étant l’indépendance de l’appareil d’Etat, qui paradoxalement se trouve compromise depuis quelques années au Brésil
This thesis focuses on the fields of action of social movements, their components and the role of the participants. There are three categories from which a new perspective on a sector of the housing movement in Sao Paulo during the PT government from 2001 to 2004 will be developed. This was a period between the phase of restructuration of capitalist production in Brazil,introduced by a neo-liberal government and its consolidation by a government that claimed to be left. The first category is in institutional terms, the second in political terms and the thirdly the categorial realm. These three elements – which imply questions specific to other movements, present problems whose internal or external causes are never fully covered, and raise perspectives not yet determined – are developed in an attempt to find answers to the phenomena common to large urban areas such as Sao Paolo. The empiric observation of urban housing movements brings us to conclusions relating to the dynamic of movements vis-a-vis governmental and party policies, to their condition, which is to belong to a categorial realm, to be made up mainly of women and migrants and to exist thanks to liberation theologists. Some of these conclusions have been accepted for some time by researchers and social movement theorists, some have been denied or rejected, but none of them have taken into account the interdependence of the three elements noted above. A more in-depth analysis shows that the movements which fight on specific problems, even if they are aware of wide-ranging social problems, tend to remain isolated, marginalized if they do not manage to create the necessary relationship of forces in the specific conditions, one of which is independence from the state apparatus, which paradoxically finds itself having been compromised for a number of years in Brazil
Sachs, Céline. "Évolution et limites de la promotion publique de logements populaires à São Paulo (1964-1985)." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120026.
Full textEconomic growth through inequality brought about in sao paulo a deterioration in the housing conditions of low-income population, notwithstanding the existence of a powerful instrument of public intervention in housing, geared to the construction of new dwellings sold in private ownership and financed through voluntary and compulsory people's savings. About three quarters of dwellings affordable to the low-income population are still produced outside the legal, technical and administrative norms in irregular subdivisions, favelas (squatter settlements) and corticos (slums). The analysis of federal policies and the evaluation of public housing accomplishments in sao paulo leads to the identification of obstacles related to the political, economic and social model. These structural limitations are compunded by the ill functioning due to an overcentralized institutional framework. In spite of their as yet pilote stage and of modest quantitative results, programmes of social housing inspired by the reformist option, based on assisted self-help construction and mutirao (mutual aid), provide a clue for the reformulation of public policies in the realm of low-income housing
Conus, Jean-Christophe. "L'organisation du système régional de transport terrestre de l'État de São Paulo (Brésil), 1850-2003 : évolution, orientations, implications territoriales." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030050.
Full textConsidered - rightly - like the economic heart of Brazil and beyond that, of the Latin America, the state of São Paulo presents a dense and developed regional network of surface transport. However, the panorama of the sector reveals many nuances in the diagnosis that can be made and in the approach of the question carried out since decades by the authorities. The various committed policies betray at the same time the wills and the wanderings to find a balanced orientation in the development and the perennisation of a system of regional transport, taking into account of the characteristics and the entities as various as the road networks or rail networks, transport of passengers or carriage of goods, public administrations or private companies From a structure of transportation routes inherited from railway epic and coffee-plantation economy, what were the choices to develop a powerful tool of transport, irrigating in a homogeneous way the paulist territory ? We realize that significant physical distortions exist, but also in the entities of management. From a hyper-concentrated situation (flow, infrastructures, service roads) in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, what are the prospects for a rebalancing of the territory and a different and more homogeneous organization of the system of regional transport ?
Mansilla, Juan Camilo. "Résistance culturelle hybride des jeunes des quartiers populaires à l’ère du numérique : étude de cas et analyse quali-quantitative comparée (AQQC-QCA) de Medellin, Paris et Sao Paulo." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA123/document.
Full textBased on a qualitative comparative analysis (QQA), a method developed by (Ragin, 1987), we propose a theoretical model of the emergence of transmission of the cultural resistance practices of the low income youth from popular neighborhoods of Medellín (Colombia), Paris (France) and São Paulo (Brazil). Our results indicate that the cultural resistance practices of this population appears in two different settings. The first one (M[P+A] → R) happens when the moral communities (that is, not necessarily located in the same geographical area) reach a strong cultural identity, feeds on stigmatizing information flows from the central media sphere of the city (SMCV), and have either information resources offered by the set of public policies of popular intervention or widespread and free use of information and communication technologies related to the Internet. The second one (OA → R), occurs when the use of the TICs by this youth wins density following the growing perception that the government is not interested in attending theirs demands and needs. The current context of global exchange of real and virtual information a) modifies the cultural hybrid networks associated with moral communities and b) builds an urban experience of individuals starting with hybrid public spaces. Our theoretical proposition serves a better understanding of the evolution of the symbolosphere of the peripheral moral communities in the cities of the digital age and the nature of the information as developed by Schumann et Logan (2005) et Logan (2012)
A partir de un análisis cualitativo comparado (QCA), método concebido por Ragin (1987), proponemos un modelo teórico sobre la emergencia y la transmisión de las prácticas de resistencia cultural de los jóvenes de barrios populares de Medellín (Colombia), Paris (Francia) et São Paulo (Brasil). Nuestros resultados indican que las prácticas de resistencia cultural híbrida de estos jóvenes se producen en dos escenarios. El primero (M[P+A] → R) aparece cuando las comunidades morales (i.e., no necesariamente ubicadas en la misma zona geográfica) con una fuerte identidad colectiva, se alimentan de flujos de información estigmatizantes procedentes de la esfera mediática central de la ciudad (SMCV), y disponen ya sea de recursos informacionales ofrecidos por la existencia de políticas públicas de intervención popular, o bien de un acceso generalizado y libre a las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación relacionadas con Internet (TICi). El segundo (OA → R) emerge cuando el uso de las TICi por parte de estos jóvenes aumenta y tienen la percepción de que el gobierno no se interesa en ellos, ni en sus demandas ni en sus necesidades. El contexto global actual de intercambio presencial y virtual de información a) modifica las redes culturales híbridas asociadas a las comunidades morales, y; b) construye la experiencia urbana de los individuos a partir de espacios públicos híbridos. Nuestra propuesta teórica sirve, de manera general, para entender la evolución de la “simbolosfera” de las comunidades morales periféricas urbanas en la era digital, así como la naturaleza de la información propuesta por Schumann et Logan (2005) et Logan (2012)
Com base em uma análise qualitativa comparativa ou “Qualitative Comparative Analysis” (QCA), método desenvolvido por (Ragin, 1987), propomos um modelo teórico da emergência e da transmissão de práticas de resistência cultural entre jovens de baixa renda em territórios populares de Medellín (Colômbia), Paris (França) e São Paulo (Brasil). Nossos resultados indicam que as práticas de resistência cultural híbrida desses jovens seguem dois roteiros. O primeiro (M[P+A] → R), quando as comunidades morais (ou seja, não necessariamente localizados na mesma área geográfica) alcançam forte identidade coletiva, alimenta-se de fluxos de informação estigmatizantes oriundos da esfera de mídia central da cidade (SMCV) e dispõem seja de recursos de informação oferecidos pelo conjunto de políticas públicas de intervenção popular, seja de um aceso generalizado e livre as tecnologias de informação e comunicação relacionadas à Internet (TICi). O segundo (OA → R), quando o uso das TICs por esses jovens ganha densidade na medida em que amadurecem a percepção de que o governo não está interessado em atender suas demandas e necessidades. O atual contexto global de troca presencial e virtual de informações a) modifica as redes culturais híbridas associadas a comunidades morais e b) constrói a experiência urbana de indivíduos a partir de espaços públicos híbridos. Nossa proposta teórica serve, mais amplamente, para entender a evolução da “simbolosfera” das comunidades morais periféricas das cidades na era digital e a natureza da informação tal como desenvolvida por Schumann e Logan (2005) e Logan (2012)
Bessa, Virgínia De Almeida. "La scène musicale paulistana : théâtre musical et chanson populaire dans la ville de São Paulo (1914-1934)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100103.
Full textThis thesis investigates the relationship between musical theater and popular songs in the city of São Paulo during the early decades of the twentieth century (1914-1934), the period that precedes the consolidation of the music industry and the radio in Brazil. It aims to understand the importance of Sao Paulo’s musical and theater stages in two aspects: first, in their relationship with the more thorough process of constitution of the modern popular song in Brazil, and, second, as a locus for the invention of a paulista identity - which in turn, would feed back into the song production in São Paulo, especially the one known as “caipira”. Based on an extense data collection from São Paulo daily press, the first part maps the city's theater circuit, understood here as part of abursting mass culture. It presents the São Paulo concert halls and their main impresarios, revealing the increasing capitalization of the entertainment industry. It also characterizes the musical theatre genres performed in the city, with an emphasis on local production. The second part focuses on the musical aspects of this theater production. It discusses the importance of theatre in the professionalization of instrumentalists, conductors and composers in São Paulo, and describes the different circuits of musical production in the city, which included not only the theaters, but also editing music, bands and, very rarely, the phonographic industry. It also presents some characteristics of the theatre music and discusses the evolution of the song in musical theatre
Esta tese investiga as relações entre o teatro musicado e a canção popularna cidade de São Paulo entre 1914 e 1934, período que antecede e acompanha aconsolidação do disco e do rádio no Brasil. Procura compreender a importânciados palcos paulistanos sob dois aspectos: de um lado, em sua relação com oprocesso mais amplo de formação da moderna canção popular no Brasil, e, deoutro, como espaço de invenção de uma identidade paulista – a qual, por sua vez,realimentou a produção cancional da capital, especialmente aquela identificadacomo “caipira”.Com base em um extenso levantamento realizado na imprensa, a primeiraparte faz um mapeamento do circuito teatral musicado paulistano, compreendidocomo parte de uma nascente cultura de massa. Para tanto, apresenta suas salas deespetáculo e seus principais empresários, revelando a crescente capitalização domundo das diversões. Também caracteriza os gêneros teatrais musicadosencenados na cidade, com ênfase na produção local.A segunda parte enfoca aspectos musicais dessa produção teatral. Discute aimportância dos palcos na profissionalização de instrumentistas, maestros ecompositores paulistas, além de descrever o circuito de produção, circulação econsumo musical na cidade, que incluía não só os teatros, mas também a edição departituras, as bandas militares e, bem mais raramente, o disco. Finalmente,apresenta algumas características da música divulgada no teatro e problematiza aevolução do canto nas peças musicadas, relacionando-a com a fixação de um gestocancional
Levy, Charmain Karyn. "La foi et la politique : la relation entre les communautés ecclésiales de base et les mouvements populaires urbains dans la ville de Sao Paulo entre 1985 et 1995." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081811.
Full textParis, Octavie. "Habiter un logement populaire locatif du centre-ville : la place des cortiços à São Paulo, Salvador et Belém." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3061/document.
Full textIn the Brazilian city, popular housing such as cortiço or pensão are poorly studied in the academic geography field, because of the focus around the favela. This dissertation aims to fill this lack in scientific studies on housing. The cortiço could be defined as a popular, collective, multifamiliar, rented housing whose development happens in old neighborhoods, called “centrals” of Brazilian cities. It is a housing solution older than the favela, still having an important place in the urban landscape nowadays. In this dissertation, I chose to study the place of the cortiço in three different metropolitan contexts: São Paulo, Salvador de Bahia and Belém do Pará. This allows us to address the cortiço’s urban reality in its diversity. Also, we take an approach by the micro level, entering in the cortiços and in the quartos in order to meet the dwellers and gathering their discourses. The place of the cortiço – in the city and for its inhabitants – allows us to also develop the questions of the right to the city and the permanence of popular residential function in city cores
Iffly, Catherine. "Église catholique,territoires et mobilisations sociales au Brésil : les facteurs internes et internationaux de la modification du rôle socio-politique de l'église à São Paulo depuis le début des années quatre-vingt." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020135.
Full textGiorgetti, Camila. "Entre hygiénisme et citoyenneté : analyse comparative des représentations sociales des SDF à São Paulo et Paris." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0049.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims at comprehending and comparing the social representations that substantiate preconceptions concerning the homeless. Our investigation is based on two fundamental pillars : the representations of society with regard to the homeless issue ans the institutional and invidual treatments given to them. In order to draw a comparative analysis in Paris and São Paulo, we adopted the following procedures : the indicators ordination examined the institutional practices and the visibility of the homeless exposed by the press, mainly by "Folha de São Paulo and "Le Monde", we compile the laws that deals with the homeless issue in both cities. We prepared a questionnaire and presented it to the following categories : police officers, doctors, social workers, politicians and passersby (1. 116 people interviewed). The results indicate the presence of hygienist attitudes and respect towards citizenship, both in Paris and São Paulo. However, in São Paulo, "homessness" is not considered a social issue
Iosti, Pauline. "Les inégalités urbaines d’accès aux soins : une étude croisée des logiques d’organisation de l’offre et des trajectoires individuelles de recours aux soins dans la métropole de São Paulo." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3039.
Full textInequalities in access to health care are generally studied through the territorial planning of the health care offer or through the socio-economic vulnerability of populations. However, recent works have contributed to renewing this theme by looking at health care utilization practices at an individual scale and using a longitudinal approach, with a special attention to urban areas. This work seeks to contribute to this renewed analysis of inequalities in access to health care. On the one hand, the purpose of this research is to examine the constraints induced by the spatial configuration of the health care systems and by the urban organization in emerging countries. On the other hand, it questions the way in which these constraints are bypassed or, on the contrary, reproduced in the individual trajectories of access to health care of urban populations. Two neighbourhoods of the municipality of São Paulo were studied, using a qualitative methodology combining non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews with health professionals and users of the public system. Two main results emerge from this thesis. Firstly, it shows the mixed effects of the organization of health care provision on inequalities in access to health care. Indeed, the organization of primary health care makes it possible to respond to local health needs, but the territorialization of care and the lack of a complex offer create significant constraints, particularly for the most vulnerable populations. Secondly, this study highlights the way in which prior social inequalities are reflected in individual health practices. Thus, individual trajectories show an unequal fluidity that illustrates the unequal capacity of individuals to act on these trajectories, in order to put them in line with their health care projects. Finally, it contributes to the identification of inequalities between urban populations in relation to the right to the city and to what the city has to offer
As desigualdades no acesso à atenção à saúde são um tema de estudo geralmente abordado, em geografia, pelo prisma do planeamento territorial da oferta ou da vulnerabilidade socioeconómica das populações. Porém, trabalhos recentes têm contribuído para a renovação deste tema, analisando as práticas de utilização da atenção à saúde à uma escala individual, com uma perspectiva longitudinal e com um novo interesse nas áreas urbanas. Esta tese procura contribuir para esta análise renovada das desigualdades no acesso à atenção à saúde. Ela estuda, por um lado, os obstáculos induzidos pela configuração espacial dos sistemas de saúde e pela organização das metrópoles dos países emergentes, e, por outro lado, a forma como estes obstáculos estão contornados ou, pelo contrário, reproduzidos nas trajetórias individuais de utilização da atenção à saúde das populações urbanas. Dois bairros do município de São Paulo foram estudados, utilizando uma metodologia qualitativa que combina observação não participativa e entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais de saúde e usuários do sistema público. Dois resultados emergem deste estudo. Primeiramente, ele mostra os efeitos mistos da organização da atenção nas desigualdades de acesso à saúde: a organização da atenção básica responde em parte às necessidades de saúde locais, mas a territorialização dos serviços de saúde e a carência da oferta complexa criam grandes obstáculos, particularmente para as populações as mais vulneráveis. Esta tese também revela que as desigualdades sociais se traduzem nas práticas de saúde individuais: as trajetórias de utilização da atenção estão desigualmente fluidas, o que reflete a capacidade desigual dos indivíduos à atuar sobre essas trajetórias para as alinhar com os planos de cuidados deles. Por fim, este estudo contribui para a identificação de desigualdades entre as populações urbanas no respeito ao direito à cidade e ao que a cidade tem para oferecer
Lesteven, Gaële. "Les stratégies d'adaptation à la congestion automobile dans les grandes métropoles : analyse à partir des cas de Paris, São Paulo et Mumbai." Paris 1, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981240.
Full textSouza, Diego Beja Inglez de. "Tumulte dans l'ensemble : logement, utopie et urbanisation dans les limites de deux métropoles contemporaines." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010628/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose a simultaneous understanding of the history of two emblematic territories in the outskirts of São Paulo and Paris as a strategy to comprehend the last fifty years of the social housing history in both countries, through the analysis of the transformations of a typical grand ensemble build in the 1960 that has been recently through a deep renewal process, the Cité Balzac, confronted with the particular case of one fragment of the biggest housing projects complex in Latin America, the Cidade Tiradentes. Recent projects of urban renewal, new collective housing constructions and some special public equipments in both territories reinforce the exceptionality of the chosen cases, starting point for parallels, contrasts, common questions and crossed sights
A partir de duas monografias paralelas que analisam territórios emblemáticos de habitação social na periferia de São Paulo e Paris, propomos nesta tese um entendimento simultâneo da situação da Cité Balzac, um grand ensemble característico dos anos 1960 que atravessou recentemente um profundo processo de ‘renovação urbana’, confrontada com a história de um fragmento do maior complexo de conjuntos habitacionais da América Latina, a Cidade Tiradentes, como estratégia para compreender os últimos cinquenta anos da história da habitação social em ambos os países. Projetos recentes de renovação urbana, de novos conjuntos habitacionais e equipamentos públicos de excelência em ambos os territórios confirmam a excepcionalidade dos casos estudados, a partir dos quais buscamos estabelecer similitudes, contrastes, questões comuns e ‘olhares cruzados’
Décary-Secours, Benoit. "Le rôle politique de l'habiter : étude de cas des sans-toit de Sao Paulo." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3407/1/M11535.pdf.
Full textHébert, Guillaume. "Politique et culture hip-hop dans la périphérie de São Paulo." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1764/1/M10641.pdf.
Full textGingras, Catherine. "Le chez-soi et la construction des identités géographiques individuelles : habiter en communauté fermée à São Paulo (Brésil)." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5014.
Full textThis thesis proposes to study the relationship between the home and the formation of geographic identities. More precisely, it aims understanding the role of this intimate and familiar place in the part of human identity that is defined through the individual’s interaction with places, territories and landscapes. This question appears particularly relevant in the present urban context, largely characterised by socio-spatial fragmentation and the proliferation of residential enclaves, which express a confinement of the home environment. We approach this question through the case of the AlphaVille São Paulo project (Brazil), a large residential development composed of various gated communities. The semi-directed interviews that were conducted with eleven residents allow us to confirm the relevance of the home in their identity formation. Indeed, the dwelling inside a gated community represents the final destination of the residents’ geographical trajectories. According to the inhabitants, this allows for a residential experience similar to the one they underwent during childhood and that was subsequently lost as the city transformed into a more hostile environment. Thereby, it allows, to a certain extent, for the revival of a lost ideal. However, living in a gated community constrains territorialities: within the urban context, the home place becomes a refuge. Nonetheless, the residents’ answers reveal a degree of consciousness that their choice of residence represents an escape from reality. Thus, their relationship towards their living environment oscillates between illusion and disillusion.