Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politique militaire – Russie – 1990-2020'
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Minic, Dimitri. "Contourner la lutte armée : la pensée stratégique russe face à l’évolution de la guerre, 1993-2016." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUL045.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the process of demilitarization of war in Russian strategic thought between 1993 and 2016. While significant research has been carried out on the implementation of Russian indirect strategies in post-Soviet and Western countries, the analysis of their conceptual roots and of the military strategists who produce them is still lacking. Consequently, both the identification of the concepts and notions actually used by Russian military theorists, and the understanding of the underlying logics which structure post-Soviet Russian strategic thought, are hampered. Based on an analysis of Russian military literature, still hardly explored by research, on doctrinal documents and speeches by Russian military and political officials, this thesis in history also draws on a biographical examination of the main flag and field officers of the country, as well as civilians close to the Russian General Staff and the Russian Defense Ministry. This thesis goes beyond an analysis of the concepts, notions and debates by which Russian military theorists have tried to understand the characteristics of a modern war, which is less and less focused on armed struggle. It explores the cognitive frameworks of these strategists, comprised of beliefs and perceptions which, although often overlooked in the post-Soviet Russian military context, are key to an essential understanding of the Russian military doctrinal and institutional changes between 1993 and 2016
Tortchinski, Chemsa. "Les gouverneurs face à leur région : la politique de décentralisation et son rôle dans la régulation des relations centre-périphérie (1990-2010) : étude des régions de Samara et Voronej." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0043.
Full textThis thesis examines the conditions of emergence, the goals and the implementation of the politics of local self-government in Russia from 1990 to 2010. We aim, first, to illuminate a political process, which constitutes a major policy innovation of the post-Communist era. The analysis of local self-government offers a way of interpreting the Russian political system, revealing the nature and evolution of centre-regional relations since the fall of the Soviet Union. Local self-government, since it appeared in 1990, has been largely the product of the tension between centralization and regionalism. This implies that any change in the balance of power between central government and the subjects of the Russian Federation leads almost mechanically to an adjustment of the decentralization policy. As part of field surveys conducted in the Samara and Voronezh regions, we see how the implementation of local self-government - the result of a compromise between the strategy of federal power and the response of regional elites – has helped to shape the regional political systems. It also plays as an indicator of the centre-regional tension, which is the foundation of the political system in contemporary Russia
Comte, Olga. "Les petites villes de Russie centrale dans les réformes des années 1990." Paris, INALCO, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INAL0020.
Full textKa, Ousseynou. "La politique militaire de la France en Afrique (1994-2003) : continuité ou mutations." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT2030.
Full textBased on a multidimensional strategy, French military policy after the cold war has experienced factors both exogenous and endogenous like cohabitation, including the democratization of African political regimes and the influence of European construction. This military policy had faced on French constituuonnal legal system marked by alternative power. All Presidents of the Fifth Republic expressed an immediate interest through the defence agreements in order to perpetuate the power of the Hexagon on these former colonies. Political changes have been made to reform or maintain military policy in west Africa. But the redefinition of this policy constituted an emergency which prompted France to seek the legitimacy of its action at international and European level ro develop a coherent military policy meeting the expectations of francophone Stales
Clouet, Louis-Marie. "Economie de la puissance et exportations d'armements : la politique de coopération militaro-technique russe depuis 1991." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE21016.
Full textDuring the 1990s, Russian arms exports were considered to be a mean to finance the conversion of the hypertrophied arms industry inherited from the USSR. But real conversion failed because of the lack of political and financial support. Vladimir Poutin imposed a State monopoly on arms export and used it as a lever of political power, combined with oil and gas export, debt reduction and anti-American foreign policy. Controlling arms export revenues allowed the Russian State to create monopolies, devoted to the development and the production of modern armaments for the Russian armed forces, but also of high-technology civilian goods. Russian militaro-industrial complex is viewed as the main driving force for innovation and Russia's economic development. To this end, Russian political and industrial leaders have to remedy to the ageing of industrial plants and workforce, the growing production costs and problems of quality in the Russian arms industry. The main condition of success for a policy of power based on arms production and export is the modernization of the Russian arms industry in order to provide political influence, military power and economic wealth for Russia. However, the monopolistic production model induces opacity, corruption and bureaucracy, and benefits only to an oligarchy. This industrial policy may prevent through an eviction effect the development of civilian industry open to globalization and real driving force for innovation and economic development
Le, Huérou Anne. "" Acteurs locaux et régionaux face aux transformations du pouvoir en Russie, 1989-1999 "." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692786.
Full textBertrand, Eva. "Pouvoir, catastrophe et représentation : mise(s) en scène politique(s) des incendies de l’été 2010 en Russie occidentale." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0014.
Full textWhile governed in tandem by President Dmitry Medvedev and Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, Russia suffered from widespread forest fires in summer 2010. As the fires particularly plagued Russia’s western regions, including the capital city of Moscow, Russia’s national leaders faced the task of communicating to all of the governed a certain reading of the disaster. By disturbing ordinary societal functioning, disasters create a communication field—that is, a space for exchange among meaning producers—that invites exercises of symbolic power. To readdress a question first formulated by Claude Gilbert—namely, “What is the power of power in post-accident crises?”(Gilbert, 1992, p. 18)—this doctoral dissertation proposes to extend Gilbert’s analysis by considering the importance of symbolic power and representation in exercises of political power during disasters. By understanding disaster as a moment of communication, saturated with speeches and images produced by governmental organizations, yet also as a time of struggle among competing representations of the event, this project aims to examine the representative dimension of political power—or more precisely, representation as a means of exercising power—during natural disasters in early 21st-century Russia
Kondratov, Alexander. "Ancrage politique et social des dispositifs socionumériques de communication dans la société russe postsoviétique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAL023.
Full textThis PhD work questions the place of digital information and communication devices involved in the reconfiguration of the contemporary post-Soviet public sphere (Habermas, 1991). It also examines the emergence, social inclusion and the political use of web participatory spaces - such as blogs, forums and social networks, in this society. Also, we explore the process of mediation, as is carried outside the traditional media in the post-Soviet national public sphere. After applying the different analysis methods of networks (mapping, interviews, participant observation), we can conclude that in contemporary Russia we observe the return to dual model public space: Official "dominant" (consists largely of audio-visual media, papers; magazines, radio stations) and "parallel" (consists of the oppositional political parties, "new" digital media) (Kiriya, 2012). These trends confirm the persistence of forms and configurations of public space in society despite the social and economic changes. In the post-Soviet context, the "new" digital media support the social and political cleavage in. At the same time, these devices contribute to the appearance of new actors of debates and production of information, and the maintenance of the diversity of opinions. Thereby, digital communication devices can be inserted in different social spaces, accompany the liberation and domination practices at the same time. Our work shows that the deployment of digital networks and digital media accompanies the development of the post-Soviet society. They stabilize and make visible the configuration of preexisting actors in different social spaces. This study of political use of digital networks and media in the official public space lead us to adopt a critical view of the "positivist" perception of digital networks as tools of deliberation and argumentative discussions. Thus, the post-Soviet digital space has become a digital extension of the formal domination of public space while ensuring the appropriation of state propaganda speeches and their penetration into the private area. This work shows that the social use (Miège, 2007) and policy of these tools in Russian society is quite conservative and does not contribute to the liberation and democratization of society. Quite the contrary, these devices are used to reproduce the dominant political divide public space and so on. The debates and mobilizations on the Internet have slightly contributed to the emancipation and social change. Inserted into existing national social fields, these digital media has led to the deliberation and control of violence. At the same time, they could be mobilized by the dominant players in order to establish their domination and violence. In the post-Soviet context, digital technologies have contributed to the decline of the political opposition mobilization, reinforcing the isolation of political actors, excluded from the public space, and profitable social control for current Russian authorities. The "spontaneous" social movement is performed according to the historically pre-existing forms protesters (Cabedoche Bertrand, 2010) and our study of post-Soviet case fully confirms it
Fauconnier, Clémentine. "Organisation partisane et exercice du pouvoir dans la Russie de Poutine : les paradoxes de la fabrication de Russie Unie (2001-2012)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0019.
Full textThis thesis aims to examine the issues and modalities of building a political majority in Russia from the 2000s, after a decade marked by the weakness of the Central Executive and party system fragmentation. Created in 2001 to support Vladimir Putin, the situation of the political party United Russia in the political landscape may seem paradoxical. Dominant at all levels of power since 2003, it still remains a tool in the hands of leaders of the Executive, without any real autonomy or influence. United Russia, including officially 2 million members, is not rooted in Russian society and has very few militants. The analysis of the tension between the dynamics of the party’s institutionalization and, at the same time, its maintaining under control of the State appears as a privileged entry point for analyzing, in a comparative perspective, the production of mechanisms of subjections of Russian elected officials. This implies to study the establishment of United Russia and its concrete functioning, the practices of the actors involved in these activities and the meaning they give to these practices. Thus this approach suggests to show how the study of this specific process of party construction is likely to feed a more general and comparative reflection on how the dynamics of differentiation or reconciliation between parties and the State contribute to produce various forms of political investments. For this purpose, studying the party as an institution as well as the comparative historical sociology can show the tensions created by the process of differentiation under the control of United Russia and also how it supports the establishment of new domination mechanisms
Béraud-Sudreau, Lucie. "Soutien ou contrôle ? La politique des ventes d’armes en France et en Suède (1990-2015)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020018.
Full textThis thesis studies the changes in French and Swedish arms export policies since the end of the Cold War. It seeks to explain why we first observe a converging trend between the two states (1990-2005) and then a diverging trend (2005-2015). The thesis shows that the explanations for policy change do not stem only from international (economic and diplomatic transformations) or domestic factors (defence industry evolutions, arms trade scandals, government political shifts), but from the power struggles between “pro-support” and “pro-control” arms export coalitions. The intervention and succession of causal mechanism requiring actors’ political work is necessary to link the international and domestic factors of change to the observed reforms in arms export policies
Duchâtel, Mathieu. "La politique de sécurité nationale à Taiwan sous la présidence indépendantiste de Chen Shui-bian (2000-2008) : sécurité politique et crise de légitimité." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0036.
Full textIn 2000, Chen Shui-bian, the candidate of the pro-independence Democratic Progressive Party, is elected President of the Republic of China on Taiwan. The first peaceful transfer of power of the history of Taiwan marks a strategic break in East Asia. After the Kuomintang lost the Chinese Mainland to the Communists and relocated the regime on Taiwan by the end of the 1940s, the island’s external security was always conceived in terms of unfinished civil war with Mainland China. Shui-bian transforms Taiwan’s security policy based on a national referent, although Taiwan independence is viewed in Beijing as a potential casus belli. Without a parliamentarian majority and a power basis in the army, Chen Shui-bian faces legitimacy denial on the domestic arena from his inaugural address. But during his second term, his controversial nation-building project and suspicions of corruption spark off a profound legitimacy crisis. Facing the rise of China, with which economic and trade exchanges continue to grow during his two mandates, Chen Shui-bian’s security policy aims at securing Taiwan’s national sovereignty, although it lacks international recognition. Moreover, the United States, Taiwan’s main source of external support, disapprove Chen’s pro-independence policies. Analyzing Taiwan’s national security policy between 2000 and 2008 aims at determining to what extent and through which strategies a new actor in control of the executive branch of power can overcome internal oppositions and transform a policy inherited from the authoritarian period, against a background of fierce democratic competition, competing national identities and pressures from great powers
Rodriguez, Cuadros José Dario. "Iglesia católica y Violencia armada en Colombia. Dinámicas y transformaciones (1990-2016)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0113.
Full textThis doctoral thesis analyses the role played by the Colombian Catholic Church during the period 1990-2016 in four dioceses located in areas directly affected by the armed conflict: Tumaco, Quibdó, Barrancabermeja and San Vicente del Caguán. To this end, it establishes an interdisciplinary dialogue between political history, theology and political sociology, which makes it possible to understand, on the basis of an analysis of theological concepts and enriched by a long-term historical vision, the modes of interaction and interweaving of the Colombian ecclesiastical institution in society and the State during the 20th century. Drawing on these two disciplines, this research contributes to a better understanding of the Church – Violence relationship from an approach based on a political sociology of the lived experience in these four dioceses. In this way, both a broad and detailed view of the overlaps and transformations of the local Catholic Church is provided, based on an analysis of the dynamics of the regional armed conflict, local church history and a wide range of interviews with Church people who have lived and worked in these regions during the period studied. This research makes possible an understanding of the transformations that have occurred in the Church at the national level as a result of these local experiences. It also demonstrates why the episcopate of Colombia, unlike other Latin American countries, only lived and assimilated the structural and pastoral developments stimulated by the Second Vatican Council during the mid-1990s, in the heat of the armed violence that spread over a large part of the national territory. This thesis also demonstrates the weight that the Catholic Church still holds in Colombia and the capacity for social transformation that she has had in the regions studied by playing a decisive role in supporting communities, defending victims and using various strategies to act against abuses by armed actors
Shukan, Tatyana. "Contester ou soutenir le pouvoir : action collective et militantisme dans des mouvements de jeunesse en Russie et en Biélorussie (2006-2012)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0054.
Full textThis research endeavors to analyze forms and conditions of the collective action in constraining contexts on the example of youth mobilization in favor or against the government in Russia and Belarus throughout 2000’s. By confronting protest movements and loyal organizations and by analyzing them in their asymmetric relations with the State, this dissertation shows how those structures emerge following the “color revolutions” and internal political events. It also makes a distinction between three forms of youth activism: protest activism that is based on a frontal conflict with authorities, “power” activism in Belarus that is experienced in a consensual way of caring about others (zabota) and, finally, “power” activism in Russia that associates conflict with zabota in the frame of what we called a “negotiated conflict”. Conflict and zabota determine then the youth’ relations to the politics, their societal projects, their forms of action and individual logics of engagement. This research highlights also the existence of organizations that mobilize the youth, while maintaining consensual relations with the government and conceiving their action in continuity with the State, but that promote political loyalty among the young through their mobilization in the streets in Russia and social supervision and support to them in Belarus. Finally, this research apprehends effects of constraining contexts both on young protestors, who have to adapt their structuration modes, their repertoires of action and to socialize their members to the repression, and on “power” activists who have to adjust to new objectives set by the government
Messiaen, Pierre. "Les conséquences internationales de l'évolution démographique de la fédération de Russie (1991-2012)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCF021/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to analyse Russia’s international relations through its demographics. The choice is justified by the scale of socio-political changes in the country since the end of USSR and by the seriousness of the Russian demographic situation since 1991. The country is facing a lasting demographic decline and the regional demographic disparity has been accentuated. The question becomes therefore a major political issue. This demographic decline has impacts on the territory, the economy and the army, redefining thus the Russian power. International relations theories show the complexity of the connection between demographics and international relations of a State. The demographic factor seems less integrated by leaders but it offers further analysis that puts Russian foreign policy rhetoric into perspective. The demographic criteria could have a larger influence on Russia’s international issues. It offers also opportunities. Demography plays an ambiguous role in Moscow’s Chinese and Asian policies. The Russian demographic decline has had an impact on the redefinition of the relations between Russia and CIS countries. Migration ties with Russia are the result of a demographic interdependence that becomes an economic and then political one. The demographic reality in the post-Soviet area favours a soft power based policy for Moscow in Central Asia, especially in Kazakhstan. The Russia demographic reality has contributed to a shift within Russian foreign policy and a change of position for Russia in the world
Giuashvili, Teona. "Understanding security policies of the EU and Russia in the "shared neighbourhood" : the case of Georgia." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0057.
Full textThe present dissertation aims to study the strategic role of the EU beyond its borders, explain and assess the security policy that the Union has pursued towards its Eastern neighboring countries for more than two decades since the early 1990s with a particular focus on Georgia. The overall objective is to examine to what extent and how the EU - an area of peace and security - has been able to become a security actor in its Eastern neighborhood, extending peace and providing stability beyond its borders in view of security policy of another main actor seeking to increase its power projection in the regional security complex, Russia. From one side, a number of empirical questions inquire the substance of EU’s security role through exploring its main characteristics, and providing an understanding of how the EU functions as a security actor and explaining its particularity. From another side, the study is interested in the effectiveness of EU’s policy to contribute to Georgia’s security. It is in the 'shared neighborhood' that the incompatibility between the interests and political instruments of the EU and Russia becomes apparent - actors with contrasting identities an power natures, who provide opposing security models for the future of the region. To explore the EU and Russia as security actors in Georgia and get a better grip on the empirical meaning of their roles and implications of their policies on the region, this study questions the main aspects that have intervened in the conception of security roles by the EU and Russia, and their performance - the factors that have contributed or restrained the effectiveness of security role of the EU and Russia
Yusifov, Shahin. "La Turquie dans la politique de l'Azerbaïdjan en 1992-1998 : aspects politique, institutionnel et sécuritaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG011.
Full textThe collapse of the USSR at the end of the twentieth century has been followed by the creation of fifteen new independent States in the large Eurasian territory. Such is the case of Azerbaijan, which has declared its independence in 1991. Thanks to its geographical position and energy resources (oil and gas) Azerbaijan occupies a geopolitically strategic position and is subject to a geopolitical « game », which implies both regional (Turkey) and great world powers (such as the US, EU and Russia). Consequently, Azerbaijan has adopted a multi-vector foreign policy with its neighbors. Among its neighbors, Turkey, sharing a common history, language, religion and traditions has an important place in the foreign policy of Azerbaijan. In terms of the geopolitical « game », this thesis analyses the relations between Azerbaijan and Turkey. It is based on three axes, as these are the main pillars of bilateral relations between both states. These are political, institutional (commercial) and strategic (security)
Bricet, des Vallons Georges-Henri. "L’entreprise de guerre au XXIe siècle : Les sociétés militaires privées dans la politique étrangère et la stratégie militaire des Etats-Unis." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05D001.
Full textIraq and Afghanistan Wars have seen a massive return of mercenary companies of a new genre. The Westernmercenaries have transformed in less than twenty years from craft structures, linked to the post-colonial politics ofgreat powers, to a professional and industrial stage that tends to a growing transnationalization of their activities.From the blunders of the famous Blackwater to the involvement of CACI’s employees in the torture scandal inAbu Ghraib prison, through the activities of the sprawling Aegis, private military companies, everywhere on thebattlefield, have marked and labeled the story of these major wars of the early twenty-first Century. Crucial fact:this is the first time in the history of U.S. military operations that we are witnessing a shift in the demographics offorces in favor of the private sector. Product of the permanent war economy and overseas branches of themilitary-industrial complex, these companies represent an unprecedented change in expression of U.S. militarypower. This mercenarization of the American way of war is now a structural trend of the foreign policy of theEmpire and could eventually revolutionize the face of the war. This thesis traces the history of these privatearmies, described the political conditions that led to the birth of this new market of war, and analyzes the scope ofthis sociopolitical phenomenon of globalization of private violence. This return of mercenaries on a large scale inthe foreign policy of the United States not only help to form a decisive hypothesis on the decline of Americanmilitary power but also on the socio-historical changes of the identity of the State monopoly of violence
Soubrier, Emma. "Quelle sécurité pour les « petits Etats-Princes » du Golfe ? Politiques de défense et stratégies d’acquisitions militaires du Qatar et des Emirats arabes unis." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD018.
Full textThis thesis studies the evolving defence policies and military acquisitions of Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from the 1990s onwards. It seeks to assess the role of external and domestic incentives in shaping the survival strategies of these two small Gulf states and to understand why, while they were confronted with apparently similar challenges, they adopted different strategies. While Qatar has favoured its diplomatic influence and essentially guaranteed its security through its partnerships with external powers, the UAE have consolidated their internal security and defence tools while gaining regional and international influence through various channels which often were the same as those chosen by Qatari leaders. The thesis shows that the mutations of the regional context must be articulated with those of the international context to understand the common dynamics in Qatar’s and the UAE’s defence policies and military acquisitions. It then shows that these structural determinants must be articulated with variables at national (territory, demography) and subnational (the Prince’s perception and networks) levels to understand the contrasts between their policies. Finally, the thesis questions the sustainability of the political economy and political sociology of these “small Princes-states” by confronting them to endogenous and exogenous developments which are likely to make them evolve
Buduchev, Vitaly. "La fabrique médiatique des élections biélorusses : la lecture nationale de l’événement et les représentations transnationales à l’épreuve des dynamiques coopératives." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL018.
Full textThis work focuses on the journalists from Russian and French daily newspapers who cover political events on the Belarussian territory. Their own national and transnational representations, are at the center of our questioning. The way their cooperative interactions elaborate the Russian and French audience's perception of the Belarusian elections is another aspect of this work. Their narrative, framed by each newspaper's editorial project for which they work is the third aspect this thesis explores.Our goal is to identify the common values that tie together the different actors of the world of information in Minsk, which is motivated by foreign reporters. Furthermore, we shed light on inner dynamics within the groups that take part in the mutual production of information, which create distinct communities that make up this world and are united around their own objectives, their own identities, and their own narrative. This is where the matter of borders between these communities lies and allows us to reveal the foreign reporters' team and the Belarusian dissident community. This work also interrogates the structures of both communities, the relationships between their respective members, their inner conventions, the relations between colleagues and individuals outside of the group. Finally, we explore the results of such cooperation, which are in line with the editorial projects of the Russian and French newspapers. Thus we analyze the expression of professional logistics on an editorial scale that transpires through the enunciation of the different press titles