Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politique familiale – Aspect économique – France'
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Martin, Jacqueline. "Activite feminine, taille des familles et politique familiale perspective historique 1892-1992-." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10037.
Women's economic activity rates and family policy are two topics which have rarely been analysed in conjunction and which have been largely ignored in economic theory. However, because of the intermediate position they occupy between the social and economic spheres, they are directly related to the significant changes that have taken place in the productive system and in the social organisation of modern societies. A quantitative, institutional and historical economic methodology enables us to clarify the veritable relationship between family policy and the economic activity rates of women with dependant children in france. A long-term historical perspective, through analysis of the emergence of the family allowance system and the history of women's employment, serves to shed some light on the different stages of the progressive social construction of an opposition between women's economic activity and fertility rates as the degree of state intervention increases. The single salary allowance (allocation de salaire unique) can be taken as an illustration of the institutionalisation of the opposition between women's economic activity and fertility rates. Since the value of this allowance varies according to the birth rank of children, it has a differential influence on women's decision to leave the labour market according to the total number of dependant children and also according to the historical reforms of family policy. Based on an original empirical analysis of the value of family allowances (for three different types of family size) in relation to women's average wagerates, this thesis demonstrates that, from 1954 onwards, the increase in women's economic activity rates varies according to three distinct periods. Each of these periods illustrates a specific relationship between women's activity rates and the value of the family allowance. Thus, the number of dependant children can be taken as a determinant variable in the analysis of the influence of family policy on the changes in women's economic activity rates over time. It enables us to introduce a number of institutional variables which help to overcome the shortcomings of previous analyses of this phenomenon
Heim, Arthur. "Social investment and the changing face of poverty : essays on the design and evaluation of family and social policies in France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0027.
This thesis explores early childcare and activation policies, fundamental within the social investment paradigm, through two large field experiments in France, supported by the National Family Allowance Fund.In the first chapter, with Julien Combe, we consider access to daycare as a matching problem. We propose market design models to define assignment mechanisms and analyse the consequences of design choices in a field experiment. The problem is akin to school choice, but specific constraints affect the definition and scope of stable matchings. Our algorithms provide Student Optimal Fair Assignments (SOFA) in different versions of the problem. Our analysis focuses on the Matthew effect, demonstrating how design and policy choices influence it. Our tools promote fairness and transparency in assignment processes.Chapters 2 and 3 analyse data from an intensive experimental programme aimed at low-income single-parent families in France, implemented from 2018 to 2022.In Chapter 2, I analyse the effects on labour market participation and poverty, and how wrong we would have been not to use a randomised controlled trial. The analyses reveal initially negative effects that diminish over time. Participants have higher employment rates than other comparison groups, but this difference is entirely due to selection bias. This bias is so strong that estimates using the next best identification strategy - modern doubly robust differences-in-differences - fail to include experimental estimates within confidence intervals. Overall, the programme has no average effect on labour market participation and poverty after the end of the training. There are heterogeneous treatment effects by number of children at baseline.In Chapter 3, with Alexandra Galitzine, we challenge the narrative of "making work pay" for single-parent families in France. The 2019 reform of in-work benefits (Prime d'activité) was adopted contemporaneously with this programme. The intervention directly provided individualized and detailed information on the socio-fiscal system in a year-long support programme, likely to have further reduced various barriers to employment. We use this experiment to measure low-income single-parent families' reactions to incentives after the reform.Our primary contribution lies in estimating counterfactual distributions using experimental assignment variations. We find high labour income elasticities for participants, indicating significant disincentives to employment and increased in-work poverty. The programme's effects on family structure vary based on the number of children, highlighting the complex interplay between policy incentives and poverty dynamics. We coined the term "Assistaxation" to describe the phenomenon of heavily taxing the economic, physical, and mental resources of those accessing public assistance, leaving them with little means to escape
Tragaki, Alexandra. "Equité et redistribution intergénérationnelle : application à la France et à la Grèce." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0015.
People of different incomes, social status, family situation, opportunities and age, are put in bounds by a social contract which is based on a complicated network of a great number of economic transfers determining social objectives and priorities of each country. This vast redistribution reveals questions about intergenerational accounting and a plausible war between generations ? In France, the intergenerational faireness - expressed as the balance between contributions to and benefits from the social security - is actually preserved for all generations born before 2000. Besides an unfortunate eventuality either in economic, social or demographic sector, this study suggests that today's active groups will receive, in constant prices, more than their contributions. Yet, since benefits decrease constantly while contributions increase on a regular basis, it is presumed that generations born before 1960 will get a greater advantage from the system than earlier ones. In any case predictions expressing anxiousness about the appearence of "greedy generations" gaining at the expense of "sacrified generations" have been completely denied. In Greece, the intergenerational faireness is approached differently : by comparing the standards of living among different age groups. This method reveals that generations born between 1940-1955 will have received during their lifetime the most important benefits compared to either the elder or the younger ones
Landais, Camille. "Essais en économie publique : fiscalité, hauts revenus, familles." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0022.
These essays focus on the impact of taxation on income inequalities, the provision of public goods, and family behaviors. First show that income inequalities have increased in France in the past years, due to a surge in top wages. L then estimate the taxable income elasticity in France, and show that it is modest, even among top income (. 15), which suggests that deadweight loss of top income taxation is weaker than previously thought. Part Il proposes estimates of the elasticity of charitable giving with respect to tax incentives, and shows that the overall response is modest and below the level that would make the French tax system optimal. Finally, part III microsimulates the French family policy and with long-run tax data estimates the elasticity of fertility with respect to french tax incentives (Quotient Familial)
Breda, Thomas. "Syndicats, négociations, ou capitalisme familial : effets sur les salaires et la protection de l'emploi." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0054.
My PhD thesis examines the economic impact of labor unions and family firms. It first looks at the effect of firm-level union recognition on the structure of wages. L show that workers in firms in which there is a union representative are paid on average 3 % more than their counterparts in firms without unions. These gains increase to approximately 10 % in firms having rents and\or a strong proportion of unionized employees. The presence of a union representative is also associated with a small wage compression, more important gains for blue-collar workers and older employees, as well as a stabilization of the workforce. L then model the decisions of the workers to become a union representative or a simple union member and the strategic interactions existing between the union representative and her employer during the negotiations. L develop a probabilistic method to break down the wages of union members depending on them being a union representative or not and l find that union representatives are paid on average 10% less than their coworkers (both union and nonunion members). Several tests suggest that this result reflects a rational discrimination from the employers against the representatives. Finally, we show using panel data that wages are 5% lower in the family firms. This gap reflects for 2% a selection of the least competent workers in the family firms. The residual gap is compensated by a better job protection: the real and perceived rates of dismissals are indeed weaker in family firms
Baudin, Thomas. "L'analyse des comportements de fécondité : politiques publiques et facteurs culturels." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00401964.
Cocq, Emmanuel. "L'analyse économique de la politique cinématographique française." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0013.
Casamatta, Georges. "L'économie politique de la protection sociale et de la redistribution." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10052.
Orivel, Estelle. "Légitimité de l'intervention de l'Etat dans le domaine des arts : Rationalité des acteurs et optimum social." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE011.
The legitimacy of state intervention must be analysed through its capacity to bring the point of market equilibrium nearer from that of social optimum. The first ambition of this thesis is to focus on the dependency of the analysis on 1) rationality hypotheses concerning economic and political agents'behavior and 2) value judgements hidden behind criteria of social optimum. While rationality hypotheses of economic agents lead to the determination of market equilibrium, that is to the point reached concerning the consumption and production of arts, criteria of social optimum define the point to be reached. The gap between the two constitutes the failure of the market. The existence of market failures does not suffice however to demonstrate the legitimacy of state intervention. Indeed, the functionning of the state can, it too, be the subject of other kinds of failures. One must thus analyse, rather than the ideal functionning of the state, its actual functionning, whose characterisation depends, just like that of the market, on rationality hypotheses concerning the behavior of political agents. Finally, apart from the focus placed on the dependence of the analysis on rationality hypotheses and criteria of social optimum, a second original innovation consists in the implementation of a survey on a random sample of 987 french individuals. Its objectives are of two kinds: first of all, test some of the hypotheses concerning the characterisation of works of arts; second of all, establish the excess or insufficiency of the financial effort made by the state concerning the arts
Perrin, Cédric. "Les entreprises artisanales et la politique économique de l'Etat en France (1938-1970)." Tours, 2001. https://books.openedition.org/igpde/973.
Teste, Thierry. "Les modèles de durée : application pour un traitement micro-économique des durées de chômage." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOE012.
Made from the survey entitled "suivi des chômeurs", this thesis suggests an econometric analysis of unemployment duration in France. This analysis follows a reduced form and rests essentially on the theory of duration models. It uses the most recent techniques. Thus, it is possible to integrate into models the different exits met after unemployment: regular job, marginal job or inactivity. Most of all, it is possible to take into account the stock sampling from the survey, whose importance and influence are underlined. The main objective of this thesis is to be a logical continuation to the numerous studies undertaken until now. That's why this study resumes known and tested buildings. It also uses proportional hazard models and a model of accelerated life. This thesis also shows how this method could be extended to correct the length biased sampling on the model referred to. Moreover, by analyzing the effects of unemployment benefits, it also suggests a modelisation integrating temporal variables
Le, Brun Sophie. "Vers un meilleur management des achats médicaux hospitaliers." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P009.
Boujelbene, Younès. "Les modèles dynamiques de demande : théorie et application à la demande d'énergie en France." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090013.
Rezaiezadeh, Baravati Mohammad Javad. "La crise pétrolière et ses répercussions internationales et en France." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2A001.
The oil crisis broke out in the seventies, its results were rather beneficial to the producers and harmful to the consumers. The crisis showed itself in a rise of oil prices and a decrease in production. Not only was the field of oil industries upset, but international economic relationships were called into question too. The crisis enabled oil producing countries to get themselves out of international companies'supervision by forcing the fixed price of crude oil on them and by getting rid of their old concessions. Higher oil prices were a painful blow to western countries whose economies were based on oil imports and a more painful one on developing countries. They accelerated the pace of inflation and entailed big problems for the balances of payments in such countries. The result for France in 1974 was a 16,9 billion trade deficit. France's reaction to the crisis was different from other western countries' and oil companies'. It did not agree with the american thesis : a unified body of consumers so as to break the solidarity of producing countries. It refused to join the international agency for energy and proposed a tripartite conference on energy (. . . )
Bonnetain, Philippe. "L'état et la pollution en France : l'économie politique de la réglementation antipollution." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010013.
This thesis extends the traditionnal economic literature on pollution control regulations by introducing regulatory choice in an environment of interactions between pressure groups and regulators. Economists have tended to treat the issue of pollution through normative theories of public goods and externalities. This thesis is aimed at capturing to what extent French environmental protection policy is subjected to pressures from different groups of agents affected by this policy. We develop a theoritical model of pressure groups in order to explain the effects of key features of pressure groups on regulators choice of economico-environmental instruments like quotas, taxes and subsidies. The latter measures have different redistributive impacts on economic agents. The groups of agents with higher losses tend to lessen the developpment and the enforcement of environmental policy and vice versa for the groups of agents with lower costs. Comparative statics results are linked to econometrical treatment. It is shown that french environmental policy is partially influenced by pressure groups. In particular, ecologist parties results and penalties against firms violating pollution regulation are founded lower in departments where unemployment rate is high
Ensellem, Cécile. "L'accouchement sous X : les débats parlementaires de 1992 à 1996 comme révélateurs des représentations de la famille et de l'individu." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H044.
Dejean, Francis. "La loi du 9 janvier 1985 relative au "développement et à la protection de la montagne" et la décentralisation." Toulouse 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU10043.
The reform of the administrative organisation undertaken in France from 1982 on wards permitted mountainous areas to be given a specific legislative status. To respect the continuity of the great decentralisation laws of 1982-1983, the January 9th 1985 law concerning the development and the preservation of the mountain aims at a most praiseworthy objective that is to make self development the solution to the problems encountered by this dispensatory space. A further analysis of the various clauses included in this law as well as a reflexion on the applicability of some measures prompts us to curb the enthusiasm provoked by the vote of this law
Domergue, Magali. "Donner une valeur monétaire à l'environnement, une aide pour la décision publique ? : le cas de la gestion des déchets et du solaire photovoltaïque à Paris." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0128.
This thesis aims to explore the monetization potential of non-market values in the environmental sector, for public decisions, through the analysis of two examples : renewable energy produced by photovoltaic solar panels and household waste management. Thus, it was necessary to create a valuation weighting factors reference base, so as to convert the impact of quantitative flows (tons of C02 , kg of nitrogen oxide emissions. . . ) into monetized value (euro per C02, euro per kgNOx. . . ). The economic and environmental assessments of the installation of photovoltaic panels on municipal buildings in Paris show a resulting social cost. Concerning domestic waste management in Paris in 2007, monetized data brought forth several interesting facts : environmental benefit of recycling, environmental performance of the SYCTOM incinerators. . . The analysis was undertaken by pursuing a 30 year projection. This analysis served as a reference to study the effectiveness of actions to improve the future environmental performance thus highlighting another benefit of monetization, which is the possibility to develop and analyze scenarios under budget constraint. The results based on WF coming from different studies and settings are weak but preferable to the lack of data which may lead to potentially arbitrary decisions and therefore contrary to environmental interest (secondary effects not taken into account, mobilizing budget for limited effects. . . ). These verifiable results with ranges of uncertainty represent support of discussion around a single aggregate indicator easier to handle and more comprehensible than multiple physical flows of impacts. A wide set of referenced WF accompanied by rules of use and rules of evolution would allow developing interest in monetization in France and thus generating decision tools
Mille, Marylène. "Connaissance et croissance économique : le rôle économique des universités." Littoral, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DUNK0086.
The objective is to study the contribution of universities to the process of growth and their implication in the development of their territory of reception. A model of general balance revitalized with endogenous growth by accumulation of knowledge in a public university system was built. It evokes the possibility of a positive effect on the growth, but on condition that it is not counterbalanced by a rate of too much raised financing. A confrontation of the results obtained with the facts observed in the French case revealed a globally positive correlation. We estimated the impact of universities on the local development. A method of modelling of the effects of the externalities of academic knowledge, within the framework of an endogenous growth model localized with public policy, was proposed. Then, we analyzed concretely the ways by which a university can join economically on its territory of reception
Comtois-Rousseau, Émilie. "L'impact de la politique familiale de 1997 sur le choix de localisation des ménages québécois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26849/26849.pdf.
Gimello-Mesplomb, Frédéric. "Enjeux et stratégies de la politique de soutien au cinéma français : un exemple : la nouvelle vague : économie politique et symboles." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20056.
Fritsch, Bernard. "La contribution des infrastructures au développement économique des régions françaises." Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120056.
This thesis argues that infrastructure is a key factor of regional development, that public investment in infrastructure have a positive impact on regional economic growth because they enhance private factors productivity, and that they are economically profitable. In a first part, the stocks of public capital, public investments, and their sectorial and institutional evolutions, are analysed at national and regional levels. It appears that infrastructure account for about 45 % of productive capital, that its distribution is not equal among french regions and that these disparities have not been reduced during the eighties. In a second part the economic impact of infrastructure and the economic rate of return of public investments are estimated by means of production functions and quasi-production functions, using statistical data at french regional level (excluding Île de France and corsica regions). It appears that, according to the different models that are estimated the elasticity of output to public capital stock ranges from 0,09 to 0,13; and that the economic rate of return for infrastructure investment is at least as high than the one for private investment, i. E. 13 %. This impact can be explained by the contribution of infrastructure to private factor productivity. It doesn't seem that public investment has an impact on private investment and private capital mobility. The level of these effects varies with activities, types of equipments and across the regions. "economic" infrastructure have have higher rates of return, above 20 %. The elasticity of output to public capital stocks
Harnay, Sophie. "Économie positive de la justice administrative." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010031.
The purpose of this work is to provide an economic analysis of the French administrative judiciary, using the public choice theory. Unlike other legal systems, the french one features several types of judges, among them the juge administratif ; in charge of judging administrative conflicts. The closer integration of bureaucratic models and principal agent models does not provide any satisfactory explanation for this situation. The study of informational asymmetries between judges and political decision makers has to be completed with the analysis of the independence of the judiciary. The existing groups of judges compete with each other in order to get production rights from the political decision makers. The rent seeking theory allows us to explain the french duality of justice producers and the increasing activity of the juge administratif. The french legal system is no longer an exception but a particular equilibrium of a more general model describing any existing legal system. In such a context rent seeking behaviors are likely to increase social welfare. The influence of litigants on judicial decisions has to be considered as the result of the activities of particular interest groups. On the one hand, the judicial production of rules is a byproduct of the judges' activity of resolution of conflicts. Litigants are interested in the production of judicial decisions only in the context of a repeated game. On the other hand, the stability of this kind of rules is a consequence of the utility the jude administratif ; derives from reputation. The judicial production of favorable decisions to citizens, at the expense of bureaucracy, is analyzed by successively using the efficiency of law theory and the general interest and norms hierarchy concepts
Glaeser, Janina. "Politiques du 'care' en France et en Allemagne : étude des parcours des assistant-e-s maternel-le-s issu-e-s de l'immigration." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG030.
This research project examines how care policies affect the social mobility of child minders with migrant backgrounds in France and (West) Germany. As an element of modern division of labour among women, the child minders’ situation influences the issue of care in the European welfare state within society as a whole. Taking biographical-narrative interviews with registered family home-based child minders in both countries as a basis, those actors are considered who enable mothers (and fathers) to go to work within the scope of outsourcing domestic housework and day care duties
Es wird in diesem Forschungsprojekt untersucht, wie care policies auf die soziale Mobilität migrantischer Kindertagespflegepersonen in Frankreich und Westdeutschland einwirken und damit, als Teil der modernen Arbeitsteilung unter Frauen, die gesamtgesellschaftliche Problematik von Care im europäischen Wohlfahrtsstaat beeinflussen. Anhand von biografisch-narrativen Interviews mit registrierten Tageseltern in beiden Ländern werden Akteure in den Blick genommen, die den Müttern (und Vätern) im Prozess des Outsourcings von Haushalts- und Fürsorgearbeit ermöglichen, erwerbstätig zu sein
Lequien, Laurent. "Essais d'évaluation de politique publique dans les champs de l'éducation, de la santé et des politiques d'emploi." Phd thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00705944.
Emin, Sandrine. "L'intention de créer une entreprise des chercheurs publics : le cas français." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21020.
Blasco, Sylvie. "The take-up of the unemployment insurance in France." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0060.
A significant share of the unemployed workers do not register at the national unemployment agency, preventing them from receiving job search assistance and financial compensation when eligible. In this thesis, we measure the registration rates in France and provide theoretical and empirical elements to explain this behaviour. The analysis roots in the rational choice framework in the sense that eligible job seekers claim if gains, monetary or not, outweigh costs associated with participation. Following the take-up literature, we consider monetary incentives, imperfect information about entitlement, administrative barriers and stigma. To highlight the endogenous link between benefits take-up and job search activity, and to distinguish temporary from permanent non take-up, we propose a job search model wherein the worker needs to exert a claiming effort to be insured. Using both surveys and matched administrative data, we conduct a duration analysis and structural estimations. Quick returns to employment and frictions in the claiming process explain low take-up rates. We also tackle the behaviour of registered unemployed workers with respect to job search assistance. We use the 2001 reform, which made job search assistance an integral part of the French unemployment insurance. We examine whether workers who were registered at the time of the reform decided or not to enter in the new system We find a significant, but small, non take-up rate and evidence of self-selection. Stigma, informational issues and expectation of a short unemployment spell are found to explain non participation, but these effects are not high enough to prevent participation for most of the workers
Le, Cornec Vincent. "Politique étrangère et diplomatie économique, de la théorie aux effets de réalité en Asie du Sud Est." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10085.
The topic of this political science thesis aims to analyse the French foreign policy in Southeast Asia during the 1990's. This research work deals with foreign policy analysis model and with the reality effects from the French foreign policy in Southeast Asia, on four preferential main roads: power and foreign policy; foreign policy process; foreign policy an foreign economy; foreign policy and international organisations. Two hypothesis have been defined as research objectives : Is there a French regional policy in Southeast Asia ? Is economy the main stake of French policy in this region ?
Lagasnerie, Grégoire de. "Trois essais en économie de la santé sur la régulation de la demande de soins de ville s'appuyant sur la méthode de micro-simulation." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0093.
This thesis sheds light on various issues in health economics (reimbursement system of care, sensitivity of the demand for health care prices , prediction of the dynamics of care expenses ) through the technique of micro -simulation. This thesis is composed of three articles. The first two articles of this thesis contribute to improved understanding of the mechanism related to the regulation of health care demand through the reimbursement system. The last article analyzes the evolution of the demand for care in the medium and long term. The first article focuses on the analysis in term of equity and hedging of reform of the reimbursement system of healthcare services in France. The second article examines the implications for health insurance and the insured of changes in consumption behavior of insured following a reform of the reimbursement system of cafe in France. The third article, from the study of different methods of projections in the economic literature analyzes the dynamic of outpatient healthcare expenditure related to the ageing population
Wolff, Dominique. "L'aspect stratégique des normes techniques dans la politique industrielle : le cas français." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE0502.
Gury, Nicolas. "Economie politique appliquée des poursuites d'études et abandon dans l'enseignement supérieur en France." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1G013.
The PhD proposes an empirical reflexion on the dynamics of schooling behaviours in French higher education. The Phd is divided in two main parts. The fist one focuses on the determinants of dropout out from higher education, while the second one shows the link between schooling decision and the transition to the labour market. Through the use of event-history techniques, we show that a duration framework is adapted to the analysis of higher education attrition. Our dropout model allows for estimates to vary over time. The second part of the PhD stands in an evaluation perspective by attempting to bring recommendation on the modalities to ensure a good transition to the labor market, even for dropout student
Giffard, André. "L'analyse du rôle de la formation professionnelle continue comme outil de politique économique dans les régions : période considerée1986-1992." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE010.
Our working objective, since the transfer of responsibility for adult education from the state to the regional councils, has been to identify how adult education formed an economic policy tool for the regions between 1986 and 1992. Our viewpoint is that the decentralisation of adult education has enabled regional councils, throught the diffusion of information regarding employer's preferences, to intervene in the working of labour market. The regions have looked to modify the way that training courses are conceived : until now job training was mainly offer orientated by training organisations, whereas the regions have now organised their conduct to benefit the conception based on demand generated by the manufacturing sphere. This work is divided into two parts. The first submits the frame theory. Three principal ideas are discussed : firstly the decentralisation analysis which discusses the pros and cons of the system of co, ordination using contract theory, next the training, and its role in the relationship between economic development and regional organisation, and lastly the structural role of the production system, on the spatial organisation of the labour market on one hand, and the relationship between the production sphere and the training sphere on the other. The second part is concerned only with empirical analysis. Its conclusions are firstly that if economic policy exists, it does not affect the budget, and secondly that the influence of contextual variables on the region's choices remains limited. The regional councils, in fact, are involved in the relationship between the production sphere and the training sphere. This point of view is especially well illustrated by the study of the burgundy region
Gilbert, François. "Minervois, Saint-Chinian, Faugères : crise viticole et politique de qualité dans les coteaux languedociens." Montpellier 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON30021.
For about a century, the trend for the vineyards of minervois, saint-chinian and faugeres has been to produce common, everyday wines. Therefore, these vineyards have been, more than any others, the victims of the wine crisis. As the wine market prices have been decreasing in constant francs, the population decreases too. The policy to produce quality wines, taking into account the poverty of the soil, seems to open new prospects to the economy of the region. This is well shown by the recent classification of the vineyards as "appellation d'origine controlee" and by the coming out of the "vins de pays". The passage to a quality viticulture brings out a complete change in production structures and methods. Mutations are to be noticed, particularly in the fields of vine-plants and cellar equipment. All that gives birth to a new type of vineyards. Nevertheless, only a minority of vine-growers are incentive enough. The lack of enterprise of the majority can be surely explained by the normal practice of parttime work in the vineyards, the old age of the vine-growers and the dullness of the cooperative stores. The fact that the prices of quality wines are too low must be taken into account as well. Some commercial qtrategies have been built up by wine producers, but they haven't always proved to bee efficient. Finally, let's say that in order to carry on what has been undertaken, and to succeed, a development of commercial openings seems essential; and this can only be carried by a unitary policy of promotion. The narrowness of the areas of production, the divisions in the world of viticulture don't favour such a development. But this is the price to pay for the maintenance and the survival of vine-growing on these slopes
Bouloc, François. "Les profiteurs de la Grande Guerre en France : histoire culturelle et socio-économique." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20111.
Between 1914 and 1918, in order to face with the huge requirements of a 52 months-long total war, a mixed system is improvised to manage supplies of raw materials, transport or even workers. The state put in orders to industrialists or go-betweens. As a result, working for the national defence is basically an opportunity of profits for many industrialists in different sectors. Both felt imagined, war profits quickly become unacceptable. After only a few months of conflict, vehement indignation in opposition of them can be found among large parts of the public opinion, even moderate. Denouncement is of course widespread among soldiers. A specific taxation can be seen as an answer to the imperious requests of the public opinion: it is implemented in july 1916, and it provides the unreleased archives for studying the topic considered here. Trying to recognize the part played both by fantasies and concrete realities lead to an objectified typology of the persons or firms actually enriched, more or less, because of the war
Valentin, Vincent. "Les conceptions néo-libérales du droit : fondements d'un individualisme radical." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020012.
Guandalini, Bruno. "Analyse économique de la fonction d'arbitre." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR0015.
Efficiency in arbitration is an important issue and strictly depends on the efficiency ofthe arbitrator’s function. With the increase in the number of arbitration cases for several reasonsin the last decades, the function is in great demand so nowadays a market is consolidated. Butsupply and demand in the market for arbitrators is very particular. Equilibrium cannot beverified once price-elasticity is very limited. In addition, several market faillures are present,which certainly renders this market inefficient. Information asymmetry is probably the mostimportant one. Arbitrators consent to the arbitrator’s contract and exercise the function becausepositive incentives are higher than negative. The arbitrators’ utility function presupposes thatarbitrators are rational economic actors and, as such, some might adopt strategic behaviorsregarding other stakeholders in the arbitration, in order to increase their utility and welfare. Butas every human-being, arbitrators’ decisions are not always rational. Behavioral economics mayexplain and predict arbitrators’ limitations of rationality, which might certainly affect arbitrator’s decisions and the efficiency of the function. It raises also discussions on the prevention andcorrection of arbitrator’s limitations of rationality
Goujon, Daniel. "Mutations technologiques, économie distributive et revenu minimum : des fondements théoriques à la politique économique du revenu minimum d'insertion." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE003.
The reappearance of poverty in rich countries at the end of the twentieth century proves that the need of thinking about what is or what should be a fair society does not spontaneously come to a stand still with the development of productive capacities and the growth of available wealth. On the contrary, thanks to the increasing automation of the way of producing, the technological transformation has allowed our society to enter an era of abundance and renews the persistent theme of justice which should be apprehended through the crisis of the values for integration and the development of social dualisme. The system wich had to deal with the scarcity of goods has now to deal with the scarcity of employment ; what kind of method do we have to favour in order to hope getting over the actual exclusion and poverty in an affluent system ? Is it enough to alter social policies implemented within the context of the welfare state or is it necessary to reform the salarial system of the income's distribution. By retaining the basic income as the central theme of the analysis, this thesis intends to answer this type of question. In the light of the historical debate about the setting up of such an income in england at the time of the industrial revolution and the numerous theories on the basic income in the present context of deep social crisis, we shall study the innovative nature and the effeciency of the "rmi's" policy - "revenu minimum d'insertion" : french version of the income support
Meneghello, Sarah. "Théâtre privé/théâtre public de la fracture aux rapprochements ? : pour une genèse de leurs relations." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030022.
Theatre reveals two territories : private and public. Some professionnals bear witness to difficult relationships. This dualism finds its origin in history. Before yet 1959, rivals are therefore identified as the seal is on the break up. At that point, disagreements emerge under other terms : with privileges/" théâtre de foire ", official/independant, not liberal/commercial, elite/popular, art theatre/light comedy, scholary/distraction, traditionnal/creative theatre. . . From competition to coexistence, from warmongering to pacifism, this work has certain similarities to theatrical geopolitics. Evoke some model enterprises and manager personalities allows us to outline the great lines of strength. To stir up history, to draw portraits, to break the clichés. . . Those particular relations question the nature of theatre in its relationships to art, money and power, expose identity problems. This systemic study shows how modes of production affect theatrical esthetic
Le, Goff Richard. "Mutation informationnelle et politique territoriale : éléments de théorie des marchés et des organisations appliqués au département de la Manche (Normandie-France)." Paris 1, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974032.
Rumpala, Yannick. "Questions écologiques, réponses économiques : les changements dans la régulation publique des problèmes d'environnement au tournant des années 1980 et 1990, une analyse intersectorielle." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999IEPP0023.
Pennec, Simone. "Le traitement de la maladie, de la vieillesse et de la mort : familles et politiques publiques." Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES1013.
Mouysset, Lauriane. "Les politiques publiques au défi de la biodiversité : modèles et scénarios bio-économiques pour une agriculture durable." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0004.
Global changes such as the climate change, the agriculture evolution or the urbanization, have exerted significant pressures on biodiversity (declines, extinctions, and biotic homogenizations). In this context, reconciling human activities with a sustainable biodiversity turns out as a main issue. To respond to this objective, the development of bio-economic analysis appears as an interesting perspective for public policies facing biodiversity. However the agri-environmental policies have not yet been able to provide a relevant management of biodiversity. Based on a bio-economic process, this PhD intends to contribute to the debate on public policies facing the challenge of a sustainable management of agriculture and biodiversity. The systemic models developed in this work combine both ecologic and economic dynamics through land-use variables at the small agricultural area scale across the whole France. In our case, biodiversity is perceived as a community of 34 common birds, avoiding an emblematic species-based approach. Calibration of the models is based on agri-economic and ecological time series from 2001 to 2009. Different scenarios are generated up to 2050 and their bio-economic performances are compared through a set of indicators, avoiding the problem of biodiversity monetization. A focus on the choice of these indicators has been driven to characterize correctly the status of communities. In particular, different aspects of the sustainability are explored by combining cost-effectiveness and co-viability approaches. This study shows that it is possible to improve simultaneously ecological and economic performances in comparison to the current trends. In the one hand, economic incentives at the macro-economic scale guide directly the farmers’ choices towards more biodiversity-friendly activities. In the other hand, diversification mechanisms, in response to economic risk, have also a positive influence on the bio-economic performances. However, it appears difficult to maximize simultaneously economic and ecological objectives. The PhD explores several options to overcome this bio-economic trade-off. In particular, an analysis based on public costs suggests that the integration of ecological objectives in the public policies generates a double dividend. Finally, in an uncertain context, the approach of co-viability allows us to identify scenarios leading to a multi-functional agriculture that remains fair through generations. Extending these bio-economic approaches towards the concept of ecosystemic services should bring further insight into the design of public policies achieving a sustainable biodiversity
Desmettre, Grégoire. "L'urbanisme commercial : contraintes et libertés." Lyon 3, 2003. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2003_out_desmettre_g.pdf.
Yang, Shuai. "Answering the new challenges of health policy in China : towards organizational efficiency." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G032.
This thesis builds a hospital benchmarking methodology and implements it in the Chinese and French cases in order to compare performances amongst hospitals and figure out the driving forces behind performance differentials. In a first step, stylized facts are used to analyze the evolution of Chinese people’s new health care needs and China’s health system. Then, after a review of the current theories and practices of hospital benchmarking, a methodology is proposed in order to calculate and compare average costs in cross-section and inter-temporal analyses. The further decomposition of average costs in case-mix effects and cost structure effects allows studying the determinants of hospital performance while taking into account supply and demand factors. We first apply our model to a French hospital. Five inputs and six disease related groups in the field of maternal service are selected to measure differences in average costs in spatial then longitudinal empirical settings. We find that the average cost of the hospital under assessment is higher than the national reference, which results from both case-mix effect and cost structure effect. By decomposing the cost structure, we find that the price effect and quantity effect have opposite impacts on the hospital under estimation. The results of the longitudinal comparison show that the performance becomes poorer at time t versus time t-1. The case-mix effect appears to be responsible for the rising average cost, while the hospital under assessment shows cost advantage at time t versus time t-1. The second application deals with the impacts of case-mix effect and cost structure effect on hospital average cost in the Chinese, from a policy perspective. The results show that the spatial difference in health care needs leads to the huge variety of performance between rural and urban hospital through the case-mix effect. The inter-temporal simulations also testify the existence of the epidemiological transition where non communicable diseases now dominate both in urban and rural areas (though at different rates). We also investigate a policy trend towards specialization of general hospitals and exemplify to extent to which it can lead to significant changes in the case-mix of the hospital, which eventually results in differentiated average costs. Then, we try to simulate and analyze the effectiveness and quality of reform policy by isolating the cost structure effect. At last, the interaction between case-mix effect and cost structure effect are verified and the policy implications are discussed accordingly
Bollenot, Corinne. "Logiques de formation continue et politiques salariales : une évaluation en fonction des pratiques sectorielles." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOE001.
The author introduces the behavior of firms in order to analyse the relationship between employer provided training and wages. The empirical studies are based on French data provided from the French national institute of statistics and economics which are available since the enactment of the legislation, in 1971. In a first part, the practices of training are analysed according to the characteristics of firms. We show there exist wide disparities across sectors in access to training over the last 25 years. After a first empirical estimation, three groups of sectors are distinguished according to the intensity of the pratices of training. The second part constitutes a theorical reflexion about the relationship between the practices of training accross groups of sectors and their wages polices. The results given by a second empirical estimation show that the sectors which pay the highest wages are therefore also those which offer the most opportunities for training. In the thirst part, we estimate the impact of employer provided training on wages. The models used take account the existence of selection bias. The first one is the result of the workers' repartition in the different sectors. The second comes from the selection among workers in training programs. The results show that training effect differs according to the kind of sectors. Employer provided training has no direct impact on wages in sectors with external labor market. However, the impact is positive in sectors with internal labor market
Mirabel, François. "Energie, transports et externalités : comportements et politiques optimales de localisation et de déplacement dans l'espace urbain." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON10040.
The main object of this thesis is to bring to light the fondamental features of individual's rational behaviours in order to specify the equilibrium configuration of locations and movements in urban area. In such a case, the object is to compare this equilibrium configurations with socially optimal structures and to identify the externalities which explain the differences between the two types of configurations. In a normative approach, the final object is to precise the public policies that the government has to set in order to modify (or to influence) the location's and movement's homogeneous behaviours of individuals and finally, to restore the urban social optimum. From this point of view, the theoretical analysis of this thesis (which are conducted in spatial and temporal dynamic frameworks) are lead in the neoclassical paradigm of the "welfare economics". . . Our work is divided into two parts based on the distinction between location's questions and movement's questions
Melki, Mickaël. "Les interactions directes et indirectes entre idéologie et croissance économique : Cinq essais appliqués au cas français,1870-2011." Paris 1, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767439.
Dehez, Jeoffrey. "Analyse économique des coûts de gestion des zones côtières protégées : le cas des forêts domaniales de Gironde." Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40006.
Gaschet, Frédéric. "La polycentralité urbaine." Bordeaux 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR40033.
The urban forms have changed deeply under the influence of the suburbanization of people and employment. This trend does not lead to a generalized sprawl of the housholds and firms within suburban areas but rather to a process of recentralization within suburbs resulting in the emergence of new urban subcenters. This phenomenon has led to contradictory interpretations concerning the capacity of these new centers to generate agglomeration economies similar to those of the traditional centers. The dynamic analysis of multiple center formation in a city allows to specify the conditions under which the emergence of new centers. .
Tchapchet, Tchouto Jules-Eric. "Contraintes d'émission de GES et modélisation économique : perspectives alternatives, enseignement et contributions au regard des approches appliquées et théorique de l'équilibre général." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUED008.