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Academic literature on the topic 'Politique et gouvernement – Pays de l'Union européenne – 1990-2020'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Politique et gouvernement – Pays de l'Union européenne – 1990-2020"
El, Qadim Nora. "Négocier l'asymétrie : les politiques extérieures européennes au regard des relations entre acteurs marocains et européens du gouvernement des migrations." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0054.
Full textThis dissertation examines Morocco-EU negotiations on migrations since 1999, and specifically since 2003, when both partners started negotiating a readmission agreement. The purpose of such an agreement is to make it easier to deport undocumented migrants. Using a postcolonial approach, this work questions existing analyses of the EU’s external policy and their Eurocentric tendencies. The objective is to pluralize the subjects of international negotiations. The first step towards this objective is to study the historical and institutional complexity of Moroccan as well as European actors. A second important step is to offer a sociological analysis of resistance practices of Moroccan actors to pressures from the EU and European countries. I demonstrate in this work that negotiations, far from being limited to the realm of high politics, are part of the day-to-day practices of administrative actors who are engaged in national and international competition. It through the analysis of everyday contestations that one can understand the agency of Moroccan actors and the ways in which they constantly question the asymmetry of their relationships with European countries
Bruno, Isabelle. "Déchiffrer l'"Europe compétitive" : étude du benchmarking comme technique de coordination intergouvernementale dans le cadre de la stratégie de Lisbonne." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0036.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the political implications of using benchmarking as a technique of intergovernmental co-ordination in the framework of the Lisbon strategy. The first part the course of this managerial tool, developed by Japanese industry in the fifties, and then codified by quality management in the United States. Imported in state administration by the New Public Management, this means of steering and monitoring organizations has spread in the European Union through the Industry DG and the ERT. In March 2000, the heads of state or government set benchmarking as the centerpiece of a decennial program, in order to make the EU « become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world ». Cornerstone of the « open method of co-ordination, benchmarking consists in assessing comparatively national performances. This exercise is based on statistical indicators, scoreboards and international charts. By mediating the intergovernmental relations, it is supposed to generate emulation and prompt decision-makers to arrange business-friendly regulatory environment. The second part presents two empirical case studies which shed light on the way benchmarking guides the European construction. The one shows how it shapes the « European Research Area » as a competitiveness-oriented market. The other brings out its failures as a social inclusion catalyst
Dufief, Elise. "The politics of election monitoring : the case of Ethiopia and the European Union." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0103.
Full textMy dissertation examines the construction of power relations in the international system, through the lens of international election monitoring and its politics. Focusing on the relationship between the European Union and Ethiopia, I argue that election monitoring reflects a complex hierarchy of power and serves contradicting purposes. In the hands of the monitors, it is an instrument of discipline, intended to monitor domestic behavior and enforce a standard of performance. The recipient of monitors, while accepting the general rule, finds interstices to manoeuvre within, playing with and against interests and agendas of external actors. Ultimately, the politics of election observing functions as an arena of struggle where power strategies are at stake. Power relations are eventually reversed when international actors are weakened, giving more space for the recipient country to pursue its own electoral strategies
Ragaru, Nadège. "Apprivoiser les transformations post-communistes en Bulgarie : la fabrique du politique (1989-2004)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005IEPP0024.
Full textSmedslund, Katja. "Les violences conjugales à l'égard des femmes en Europe : analyse socio-politique contemporaine et perspectives d'action dans l'Union Européenne." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030127.
Full textFollowing international awareness through United Nations World Conferences on Women, marked by the turn of the Beijing Conference in 1995, the issue of intimate partnership violence against women in the European Union and its eradication arises as a complex and current challenge to the society. This European awakening takes place more specifically starting from the end of the Nineties and concerns all European bodies in particular through the works of the EU, the Council of Europe (all EU countries being members of the Council of Europe) and the European Women Lobby. One of the most important tools implemented at the European Union level in 1997, the program Daphne, clearly gives a report on a multi-field approach from the European point of view. The whole of this work requires, to begin with, a thorough study of the width of the phenomenon, its perimeter and its major causes related to gender violence in order to allow a critical analysis of the implemented European and national policies against intimate partnership violence. This approach will allow us, through a sociopolitical dimension, to reflect upon the importance of multi-field measures and the possibility and the relevance of a European harmonization of the policies and legislations to fight efficiently against this huge plague
Cassagnau, Olivier. "Le Royaume-Uni et la dimension fédéraliste de la construction européenne depuis 1997." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030152.
Full textThere are numerous books about federalist studies – particularly in their European dimension, since, according to numerous Europhiles, the federal model is the one most appropriate to the unification of a domain that is very diverse culturally speaking and peopled with over five hundred million inhabitants. There have also been many books written on New Labour and aspects of Tony Blair’s policies. On the other hand, as far as we know, there are but few books of primary or secondary literature linking the two topics of federalism and British studies expressly, particularly as far as Tony Blair’s first two terms (1997-2005) are concerned. This was an important time for the advancement of federalist ideas in Europe, with strong progress prompted by the European Union such as the extension of the Schengen area to almost all the states in Western Europe, the creation of the euro and fresh impetus for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) with the creation of a European rapid reaction force. It is this gap we mean to fill in this piece of work
Weske, Simone. "Die Kluft zwischen Regierenden und Regierten in der Europapolitik : ein deutsch-französischer Vergleich nationaler Repräsentationsprozesse in europapolitischen Fragen." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0022.
Full textSometimes, national governments pursue a European policy which is not in line with the preferences of their citizens. Under what conditions such a gap between government and people can be bridged – and under what conditions it persits? This doctoral thesis examines this double question using the example of France and Germany. It develops seven hypotheses concerning the conditions of responsiveness (governmental action follows popular preferences) and of leadership (popular preferences follow governmental action). If neither repsonsiveness nor leadership is possible, a gap between government and people cannot be bridge, the thesis argues. The empirical findings confirm the hypotheseses. They show furthermore that varying political and cultural contextes offer varying chances of success for responsiveness and leadership : The French political system favours responsiveness whereas the German political system favours leadership. Moreover, the empirical findings show why it is often difficult to bridge the gap between government and people in European politics : Frequently, a lack of political offer hinders responsiveness and, at the same time, a lack of coherency within the political elite hinders effective leadership. These circumstances risk to alienate the wider public more and more from the process of European integration
Zareba, Wioletta. "L’élaboration de la Politique européenne de voisinage et la gestion du problème des frontières : le rôle des nouveaux États membres (notamment celui de la Pologne)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030070.
Full textThe European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) was developed in order to insure a zone of stability and prosperity on the borders of the European Union (EU). It aims at strengthening political, economic, cultural, and security cooperation between the EU and its neighbours. Its objective is to engage neighbouring States into a mutually beneficial cooperation with the EU. The present doctorate thesis focuses on the Eastern dimension of the ENP which includes Eastern States like Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. These countries have an important role to play in the EU international straetegy. New Eastern European countries adhering in 2004 brought in a new frailty yet creating a strong pressure group asking for a strong commitment of the EU in matters related to immediate neighbourhood. Those countries are thoroughly aware of the economic situation of the region and have a wide experience cooperating with Belarus, Russia and Ukraine; they sought to have an influence on the Community's foreign affairs policy by means of new paths of action. The aim of this research concerns the global evaluation of the new Members States' - and Poland's in particular - part in and the contribution to jointly elaborating the Eastern European Union's eastern policy for the years 2004-2007
Gérard, Frédéric. "L' élaboration d'une conviction en contexte d'incertitude cognitive : le choix français de la réduction du temps de travail pour lutter contre le chômage." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040192.
Full textHow to explain the existence of a public policy in its given contents? How to explain its changes in time? To answer this double interrogation, we cross the border which separates policy analysis from the sociology of public action and we put forward the draft of an actionnist model. In our view, a policy is an attempt, by public decision makers, to make a loop between the system of expectations they assume in a specific network of public action and the evolution of reality that this network deals with. Consequently, if they resort to a public action, it is because there is a sufficiently grave gap between their system of expectations and reality, because they have alternatives and because one of them is perceived as relatively adequate with the reduction of his gap. When this public action introduces a major break in the course of the policy, it is because the public system of expectations is significantly altered, either by political impetus, or by policy oriented learning. We undertake to test this model of the "good reasons" on the ground of working time policies to fight unemployment on the one hand, we proceed to a rigorous, systematic and quantitative comparison of policies of this type followed in the states of Europe of the fifteen and in Norway, over the period 1978-2000, to show their causes. On the other hand, in a french monograph, we follow the successes, the failures and the re-formations of a "planning" project of working-time reduction since its elaboration, in the years 1975-1979, until its realization, in 1998, in the form of the first Aubry law on the "35 hours"
Ní, Chiosáin Bairbre. "Immigration en Irlande 1992-2008 : vers une politique d'intégration ?" Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030203/document.
Full textThis thesis studies government policy regarding immigration and integration in Ireland between 1992 and 2008. It assesses the different measures put in place by the authorities to deal with the increasing numbers of immigrants, both economic migrants and asylum seekers/refugees, arriving in the country at a time of considerable economic growth. It examines how public services like education, health and policing have adapted to the increasing diversity of the country’s population, and analyses the effectiveness of the structures which have been created by the government to promote equality and counter racism and discrimination. It is argued that the government has considered immigration largely in economic terms and has failed to put in place a coherent policy of integration and social inclusion