Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politique et gouvernement – Moyen-Orient – 2011-'
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Lambinet, Marc. "L'intégration économique et politique du Proche et du Moyen-Orient comme solutions au réglement des conflits régionaux ?" Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0101.
Full textThe subject of research is an interdisciplinary approach of the close relation and the Middle East in the borders of the Economic, Political, Historic and Geopolitical Sciences. It presents " the state of the question " of the Middle East : is the existence of regional permanent conflicts in the Middle East a fate or a deliberate will ? The rise ascent then the decline of Ottoman Empire and its decomposition then its dismemberment caused consequences so economic as political whose effects even are felt today in 2013 ! The World War I 1914-1918 and the period 1919-1939 cause the division of the Region and an instability of this one under the influence and the presence of the British Government and the French Government. The "problem" shows the essential and explanatory factors of the regional permanent conflicts in the Middle East : indeed, they are causes or stakes in geostrategic imbalance ? The World War II 1939-1945 and the partition of Palestine are only a prelude to new regional conflicts from 1948 till 2012 ! The presence of the oil and the water in the Region are revenue stream, source of the Economy, source of Life, source of conflicts, war source ! Solutions are possible for the regulation of the regional conflicts of the Middle East, not utopian but pragmatic, which seem to cross from now on by a " economic and political integration of the Middle East " thanks to a strategy of regional development taking into account different Communities (ethnic, linguistic, religious, cultural) within the framework of a Federation and/or of a Middle-Eastern Union !
Twal, Malek. "Action des organisations internationales au Moyen Orient : enquête sur le rôle des états dans les enceintes internationales." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010305.
Full textThe theses is made of two parts. The first deals with the action of an universal organization. The U. N, concerning the Palestinian problem ; the question of Jerusalem ; the Iraq-Iran was ; the Iraq Kuwait affair. The second part covers the creation, the structure and the action of Arab regional and sub-regional organizations : the league of arab states, the gulf cooperation conseil and the union of Arab Maghreb. Through the entire study, an emphasis is put on the role of states which determines the performance of any organization
Benbernou, Mustapha. "Pour une fédération arabe : essai d'élaboration d'un projet fédératif arabe." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUEL161.
Full textThe "mondialisme" is a movement which tends to build a world wide federation which will be able to erase the specter of war between people, while respecting their cultural specificities. However this prospect implies firts : the study of the setting up of the federations, in spheres comprising unifiying elements. This work is devoted to a region of the globe where unity is a major importance. It is an attempt of reflection allowing the rederative phenomenan to come into being and to survive. It requires scientific tools (public law, politics) as well as cultural tools (the arab nature). This work constitutes a way of seing the arab unity in a more or less concrete way, in a viewpoint which is not nationalist
Pesquet, Jean-Baptiste. "Récits d’exil de réfugiés syriens au Liban (2012-2016) : le rôle du religieux et du politique dans la formation d’éthiques souffrantes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080101.
Full textThis dissertation studies experiences of war and exile as Syrian refugees recount them in Lebanon between 2012 and 2016. It is based on an ethnography composed of over one hundred interviews as well as field notes and observations. The research aims to vulnerabilities, narratives of suffering and describe suffering in its ethical and existential dimensions. It analyses four types of narratives: political narratives of war in Syria, narratives of exile in Lebanon, narrative of suffering which are divided into three instances of existential limit-situations: illness, torture and combat.Using a postmodern perspective, this work unveils power relations between religious and secular discourses on pain shaping suffering ethical subjectivities. It then argue that spiritual exercises (practice of the self) enable incorporation of ethical virtues as a way of acting on their suffering to change themselves and their social environment. This thesis concludes that studying agency on suffering allows us to distinguishing between two ethics of political suffering: violent and non-violent
Muhammad, Shaaban S. "The metamorphosis of power in the Middle East after peace with Israël." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212461.
Full textAtashi, Rahim. "The importance of Middle-East Oil in International Politics." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212450.
Full textNocetti, Julien. "La Russie de Vladimir Poutine au Moyen-Orient : analyses d'une ambition de "retour" (2000-2013)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCF007.
Full textA highly and recurrent belligerent region, the Middle East represents a “South” which is often neglected in the study of Russian foreign policy. However, Moscow’s policy in the Middle East constitutes a particularly relevant indicator of the dynamics, assets, and limits of the Russian power. In our study period (2000-2013) the pursuit of “rational” objectives – the maximization of the state’s security within an international system perceived as anarchic – does not exclude an identity quest which enlightens the way Russia sees itself in the world, often in opposition to the West. Our research thus questions the reinvestment of the Middle East by Vladimir Putin’s Russia by addressing both the domestic and external rationales of Russian policy there. Once elected president in 2000, Vladimir Putin faced the twofold challenge of preventing an ethnic and religious polarization of the Russian population, and of improving Russia’s image in the Arab-Muslim world after the two wars fought in Chechnya. On the other side, the Middle East remains the traditional area for asserting Russia’s power. Through the main security issues in the region, Moscow mainly gauges the Middle East with regard to the West, most notable the United States, while betting, since the world financial crisis and the Georgia war in 2008, an inexorable decline of the American power. Since 2011, the “Arab Spring” uprisings have revealed a conservative by instinct and a cautious in its execution Russian policy, made of maneuvers and compromises if necessary and favoring tactic partnerships to constraining alliances
Denizeau, Aurélien. "La doctrine stratégique et diplomatique de l'islam politique turc (2002-2016)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCF008/document.
Full textThe Justice and Development Party [Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP], which emerged from the Turkish political Islam in 2002, has aroused the interest of international observers through an active foreign policy. While this seems to be consistent, it also underwent many changes between 2002 and 2016. The AKP's strategic and diplomatic vision derives from past government experiences, the conservative ideologies that marked the country in the 20th century and the thoughts of several intellectuals, with Ahmet Davutoğlu, advisor to the Prime Minister and later Minister of Foreign Affairs (2009-2014) being the most influential of them. The first mandate of the AKP (2002-2007) witnessed a series of strategic options being explored within the party. This was followed by the establishment of a doctrine based on a few major principles, such as the pacification of neighbourly relations, pro-active diplomacy and the use of all the tools at hand to influence the regional and subsequently the global level. The objective was to put Turkey at the heart of local trade, using its growing influence in the Middle East to influence its international partners. The Arab revolutions of 2011 pushed the AKP to rethink its doctrine. The country yearns now for being an example within which traditional values and conservative democracy can coexist, as well as support from the Muslim Brotherhood, which brings this vision to the Arab world. But in 2013, several crises weakened this vision and forced Turkey to renounce the doctrine developed by the AKP
Leroy, Didier. "La résilience islamique au Liban: contribution à l'étude de l'évolution idéologique et structurelle du Hezbollah." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210071.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Abdullah, Jamal. "La politique étrangère de l'État du Qatar (1995-2010) : contribution à la compréhension de la politique extérieure contemporaine d'un État du Golfe." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841738.
Full textZotova, Julia. "Les relations politiques et économiques russo-iraniennes depuis l'effondrement de l'URSS (1991-2014)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL016.
Full textRussia has a very long relation with Iran. Since the collapse of the USSR (1991) there has been a political rapprochement and the development of economic exchanges between these two states, ideologically and politically very different. The Russian-Iranian alliance is based on the community of perception of many regional and international issues. It is indicative of the new geopolitical dynamics in the post-Cold War world and undeniably linked to the question of the place of Russia, but also of the emerging countries, on this “new chessboard”. This collaboration is in a way affecting the energy future of the world. Through this study, which covers the period 1991-2014, we have tried to understand and clarify a number of questions: Why is Russian-Iranian cooperation now on a scale never seen before? What has caused the two countries get closer? Is it really a strategic partnership, as the leaders of the two countries have claimed at different times, or should we talk about a "marriage of convenience" and a tactical agreement? What roles do external factors play in the current Russian-Iranian relations? Are we witnessing the formation of a Moscow-Tehran axis based exclusively on anti-American logic? What are the political and economic causes actually shared between Russia and Iran, and where are the limits of their partnership? What position does Russia take in the face of Tehran's atomic ambitions as the only country collaborating with Iran in the nuclear field?
Mohsen, Chafic. "La cité orientale : unité politique et diversité religieuse : IVe au XXe siècle." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020104.
Full textThe islamic unity still remains, nowadays, a myth. The failure is due to political factors (the resistance opposed until now by moslim-arabics states to all attempt of integration), but also to cultural factors : the linguistic cleavage between the arabic-world and a large fraction of the islamic-world and, particulary, the differences which oppose within the islamic community; chiites, sunnites and alaouites. However, the futur of the islamic-world will depend of the balance of power between these three forces, and of the relationship between islamic and the west. Therefore the cultural factor is at the heart of a debate whose issue could well be (because of the location of todays oil ressources) a new balance of world powers
Annaser, Nada. "L'administration locale au Moyen Orient : étude comparative : Jordanie, Liban et Syrie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAD003.
Full textThe idea of administrative decentralization is not new in the states of the Middle East but his consecration, throughout the years, remained modest.The comparative study of the administrative organization in Jordan, Lebanon and Syria stands at two levels, structural (déconcentralisation and decentralization) and functional. It's based on a plan of observations held in three dimensions that offers the possibility of an evaluation of three experiments using the same criteria.In the current structure of the territorial administrative organization, it was clear that the executive Authority a very prominent place in the political-administrative system. The extension of decentralized administrative units on which the central government apply hierarchical control at the expense of local authorities is, as such, significant. Research on the organization of decentralized administrative structures in the Middle East, confirmed that the unity of the Ottoman model inherited from the history, essentially erupted..Regarding levels of decentralized units in the three states studied, the municipality is the only common denominator between local units since Ottoman times. But the differentiating ingredient, it is the only decentralized stratum in Lebanon and Jordan. In Syria, in addition to the municipality, three other levels of decentralized local units are juxtaposed or superimposed: the Mohafaza in the same time is administrative district of the state and local unit, the city and Balda. However, it is not certain that the number of decentralized levels (either unit or plurality) either to success or effectiveness in achieving expected Target of assigned missions.The Status of the central authority in the establishment and operation of local units influences the relationship between the local structure and its inhabitants. Any sudden change in local administrative structures, without taking into account the willingness of local citizens, leads to a breakdown or an imbalance between the local structure established and the real needs of the inhabitants.The analysis of the degree of efficiency in the functioning of local units shows that the presence of the elements necessary for the identification of a decentralizing system is insufficient. This regime in the Middle East states can be described as "semi-decentralized" or uncompleted decentralization between autonomy and control
Rey, Matthieu. "Le parlementarisme en Irak et en Syrie entre 1946 et 1963 : un temps de pluralisme au Moyen-Orient." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0076.
Full textContrary to an historiographical trend which denounces the parliamentary system as a corrupted period, our work aims at shedding a new light on its importance in the understanding of Iraqi and Syrian history between 1946 and 1963. Thanks to an analysis of political practices and political configurations, we managed to show how new states emerged and tried to face -very differently -numerous social demands. In a five-step study, we have retraced the trajectory of these two parliamentary systems. After providing a background of this regime in itself, we have chosen to focus on the first years that followed the Second World War. For both countries, the parliamentary experiences appeared as determining in the conquest of a real sovereignty. However, the crises that the year 1948 experienced imposed a new semantics of power in which efficiency and concentration of powers were of primary importance: Two authoritative formulas were briefly tried out. They were questioned in 1954; this calling into question led to new parliamentary configurations. A consensus government, aiming at unifying extremely fragmented political forces, was set up. Nevertheless, this system paralyzed and both regimes yielded to revolutionary waves. The new regimes intended to implement a real liberal parliamentary system but failed. In 1963, the constitutionalist formula seemed to run dry and the coups d'Etat by hizb al-ba 'ath (Ba'ath party) destroyed every foundation principle of the rule of law in both countries. We have tried to explain the extent to which the notion of parliamentary system could not be confined to a mere institutional arrangement. On the contrary, as we studied the dynamics which affect architectures of powers, we managed to show how the making process of public politics worked. Going beyond an approach which limited parliamentary system to the political sphere, we intended to seize the numerous interactions that exist between states and societies. Finally, we have proposed a set of ways to comprehend the disappearance of this form of power. Parliamentary system is an abundant and extremely rich reality. Thanks to hitherto non-studied Arabic sources, we were able to re-establish and to reassess the importance of this period
Ossakédjombo-Ngoua-Memiaghe, Gisèle Marie-Hortense. "Les politiques du Gabon sur l'apartheid, le Moyen-Orient et la Palestine de 1960 à 1995 : discours et actions dans les Organisations des Nations Unies, de l'Unité Africaine et de la Francophonie." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010545.
Full textKodmani-Darwish, Bassma. "La Question palestinienne : un règlement fragmenté pour un peuple dispersé." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0013.
Full textA settlement for the Palestinians through the establishment of a political entity in the West Bank and Gaza leads to a de facto fragmentation of the Palestinian issue as a "national question". The settlement will provide a territorial solution for little more than a third of the 5. 5 million Palestinians. The communities outside these territories will each be subject to a specific treatment. This study examine the situation of these different communities in light of the projeced settlement which aims at integrating them outside their original homes. It describes the various patterns of integration (or exclusion) by looking into their economic, social, legal and political characteristics, their relationships with "host" governments and societies, their links with other Palestinian communities and with the PLO. It discusses the notion of a Palestinian "diapora" in the making and assesses the future of the PLO as a federating body given its priorities and the challenges it will face as a result of its "territorialisation" once it takes direct responsibility for the government of the Palestinian entity. It also attempts to define the appropriate framework for guaranteeing a viable settlement by involving the largest possible number of Palestinians
Lahad, Ziad. "Le Liban sur l'échiquier du Moyen-Orient 1940-1958." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030015.
Full textThis research, traces the rivalries, between the year 1940 and 1958, amid the Western powers within Lebanon, which is the result of the gradual weakening of their former colonial powers, France and Great Britain. Through this study, we will expose the new order imposed on the Middle East, and we will analyze how the United States sought to supplant the former colonial forces.Furthermore, during the years 1947 to 1958, the Middle East witnessed a major political upheaval with the end of the mandate, the establishment of the State of Israel, the rise of Arab nationalism and the rise of a new superpower in that region: the Soviet Union. Moreover, we will specifically detail the causes and consequences of the Suez Canal crisis and we will try to assess its extent on the accelerated collapse of the former colonial forces, superseded by their two new challengers. In the light of these events, Lebanon will appear overwhelmed by the challenges, and torn by the internal opposition between pro-Nasserite Muslims and pro-Western Christians. It will be shown in detail how, to counter the Soviet influence in the Middle East after the Suez crisis, Eisenhower reshuffled his policy in the area, taking advantage of the decreasing influence of France and Great Britain.Eventually, we come to the conclusion, that the decade spanning from 1947 to 1958 is decisive to the history of the US-European rivalry in the Middle East, where the weakening of all other Western powers is definitive, and where the rules of the game, in the extremely complex region, became determined for the following decade
Alabsi, Mohamad Moustafa. "Exception, normativité et unité politique : l’Etat et son ennemi au Moyen-Orient,entre le démembrement l'empire ottoman et l'apparition de l’Etat islamique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALP002.
Full textThe reflection of this thesis work questions the idea of 'legitimacy', in the light of the civil war, and revolves around the relationship between order and law and the theoretical and practical crisis of normativity within the state and constitutional system of the Middle East.This thesis therefore lies at the indeterminate and uncertain boundaries of the logic of the law and its organising function, as it oscillates between the methodological field of order and the experimental field of observation of exception and indeterminacy. . Indeed, the study of a post-State context - or pre-State - requires the mobilization of theories and concepts originating from the territory of the exception, this makes it inevitable to be at the crossroads of several disciplines and several academic fields.The territorial rupture in Iraq and Syria and the spatial availability for the rebellion impose a visibility and historicity of the state of nature reflected in this civil and cross-border war. In the face of these events, the legal présupposées of the finalised character of the State and the legal continuity of the constitutional order come out deeply shaken, which reminds, especially from doctrinal perspective, of both conceptions of the order, that of the ‘normal and legal time’ attributed to Hans Kelsen and that of the ‘exceptional moment” attributed to Carl Schmitt.Thus our thesis text is divided into three parts:The first is the legal status of the State based on the international standard of interstate recognition. This allowed us to describe the fragility of the spatial order when various conceptions of legality and norm are opposed. With Hans Kelsen, in whom an internal and external conception of the pure norm and the nomological function of law is emerging, we wanted to highlight the profound contradictions of the concrete order in the rising with the theoretical hypotheses and abstract conception of the constitutional State.In our second part, which is about 'metaphysical and spatial rupture', we have resorted to the thought of Carl Schmitt, for whom legitimacy is not limited to legality nor the State to the constitution. The modern Middle East offers a concrete illustration of Schmittian concepts. Firstly by the contradiction between this interstate order with that of the Jus publicum europaeum, a product of the European spatial and physical order. Then because of the totalitarian rupture during which the State is reduced to the Party and politics to religiosity and uniqueness. The fate of the post-totalitarian State, such as that of Iraq and Syria, also invokes Arendt's work on totalitarianism and Gauchet's work on the metaphysics of unity and political expression of the religious phenomenon. In fact, the Potestas indirecta, a Hobbesian and Schmittian notion, could explain on the occasion of this crisis of unity and religion the logics of continuity and rupture that are discussed by these three authors. In the light of this theoretical association, we define the Exception as the crisis of the Decision and not as the appeal for recovery requesting the Decision.Our third part deals with the Katechon, the theological-political principle of continuity and conservation. We first define the conceptual value of this concept at Hobbes and Schmitt thoughts, and then extend it to the Hegelian condition of civil society and the current aspirations of Arab societies about political change. This part returns first to the crisis of legality, rather than legitimacy, that characterizes the Islamist political project (especially moderate Islamism). Then it evokes political nominalism and the dialectical relationship it defines between ideas and action on the one hand and the project of change on the other
Shawi, Manar M. H. Al. "Les États-Unis d'Amérique du nord face au conflit israe͏̈lo-arabe." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON10041.
Full textAcross israelo aliance, across military economic's support and politic, the united-states of america do of the israelian-states, the only regional's big power. Paralely, the united-states dont process to the conflict regulation with pacific's manner and arabe's-states; exception to the israelo-egyptian's peace agreement. It's in this sence an america politic's study will be an study model of the states strategie in the world. This study end, in a first part concerning the american politic's structure, we try to give to the readers an answer on the intern and extern's fondment of the israelo-arab's conflict : the impact's element of the soviet-american's conflict, economic's interest, influence groups of the american's pressure, american's opinion and the medias will be an big help. There, the institution frament's study across the presidence, the officy and the assembly, will permit a part, to collect the aptitude and the manner whose the american's supply apprehend the conflict and represant it self it's solution in the stategie frame who include all the stakes in the region. Any way the content of this politic, it's this aspiration toward the domination and toward the conflict pacific's reglement using for to do economic's instruments, militarys and diplomatics, we'll help to light of objective manner, the work putting, of the united-state's politic as for middle oriental's problem. For this to bearing, gave to learm the consequence of the american's stategie to the american's levels international and regional, think who we'll permit to have a look on the future united-state's politic as for israelo-arab's conflict
Magued, Mohamed Shaimaa. "La politique arabe de la Turquie depuis 2002 comme une dimension de sa gestion régionale au Moyen-Orient." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1057.
Full textBy the end of 2002 and the beginning of 2003, Turkey adopted an active diplomacy in the Middle East in a context of instability and persistent rivalry between different powers. This study considers the arrival of a new political “conservative” elite as an instigator and accelerator event in the reconstruction of the Turkish role as a regional power. The analysis of the Arab policy of Turkey is based on a conceptual framework that relies on two complementary notions, the “national role” and the “regional power.” Both determine the founding precepts of the Turkish regional policy in terms of source of projection, dynamics of action and national interest. In light of this theoretical framework and the field work undertaken on the Arab policy, this study adopts a critical analysis of the literature. By reconsidering the conceptualization process in the International Relations discipline, the thesis focuses on the term of “regional power role” in order to conceal the epistemological and ontological deficiencies in different theoretical concepts that aim to understand world politics like “regional power.” Accordingly, this study provides a different method in theorizing by formulating a conceptual framework that is more adapted to global politics' reality in terms of considering the specificities of the different cases and the various configurations of regional powers. By relying on the “regional power role”, the Arab policy analysis reveals the emergence of a new Turkey. A more assertive and autonomous diplomacy is adopted by the AKP that conciles the exigencies of this role with its Western allies and neighbours from one side and its national interests from the other side
Feuerstoss, Isabelle. "Les enjeux géopolitiques des relations entre la France et la Syrie." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083311.
Full textIn France, Franco-Syrian relations tend to be seen simplistically. Public opinion and the media show much interest in Syria not as such, but rather systematically through the prism of regional issues, mainly Lebanese or, to a lesser extent, Israeli-Palestinian. Since the Syrian state became independent, the Franco-Syrian bilateral relations have indeed hardly escaped the impact of interactions between the internal, regional and international power struggles which characterize the Near East. However, do these perceptions not, partially, conceal the real stakes of the Franco-Syrian relations? Their complexity cannot be addressed without assessing the issue both from a long term perspective, such as the old relation of France to the « Levant », and on very short terms, such as the latest pending events in Lebanon. First, we will assess the historical roots of Franco-Syrian relations, without which the current mobilization of numerous French and Syrian territorial representations cannot be analyzed. Then, we will address the complexity of the post-colonial period, with the arising of new structural elements, which have contributed to shaping the present nature of Franco-Syrian geopolitical relations. Finally, after having analyzed the different parameters of the French penetration strategy, we have tried to evaluate its impact in terms of constitution and activation of Franco-Syrian networks in France
Chung, Anna. "Development of institutions on the environmental and technological cooperation in Northeast Asia: actors, decisions and path dependence." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209142.
Full textInformation and Telecommunication Standards cases for comparative analysis. Its aim is to
examine cooperation and decision-making under uncertainty and to explore how they affect
institutional development and enhanced regional cooperation. Analysis of current cooperation activities as well as development of chosen cases illustrates interactions between individuals, organizations and states. Risks associated with decision-making affect
behaviors of actors and self-reinforcement mechanisms of institutions creating path
dependence.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Boutayeb, Mohamed Sghir. "Les relations de l'Égypte post-nassérienne avec les deux super-grands : la mutation politico-stratégique." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010271.
Full textGüngörmez, Hasan. "Perspectives historiques et économiques de la Turquie face à la région du Kurdistan irakien." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG011.
Full textSince 2003, the new political situation in Iraqi Kurdistan has led to unprecedented developments at the regional level. The growing autonomy of Iraqi Kurdistan has given birth to new dynamics and geopolitical issues in a currently unstable Middle East. The countries of the region, particularly Turkey, attach great importance to bilateral relations with this embryonic state. Following the military intervention led by the coalition of USA and Great Britain in Iraq, the Turkish state has had to redefine its foreign policy in the Middle East. In order to contribute to the development of critical analysis, we develop our thesis in two main areas. Firstly, in order to better situate the developments currently taking place in the region, we analyze the bilateral relations between Turkey and Iraqi Kurdistan with a historical approach. Secondly, we deal with in detail the question of economic exchanges between the two parties. In order to evaluate effectively the economic potential of Turkish companies at the regional level, we will analyze their investments in the Kurdish market. In our study, the analysis of the historical dimension and the economic approach will allow us to better understand the changes and challenges in the region
Kusman, Pierre-David. "Financiers du Prince ou "usuriers publics" ?le rôle des financiers piemontais dans les villes du duché de Brabant, XIIIe-XIVe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210556.
Full textEstimation de leur fonction économique et sociale au sein de la société urbaine brabançonne.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Rihan, Carl. "International relations and Syria's first military rule, 1949 : Husni al-Zaim, the Hashemites, the Arab-Israeli conflict and Western powers." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0040.
Full textAlthough considered to be a turning point in the history of modern Syria, the reasons that led Housni al-Zaim, the commander of the Syrian Armed Forces in 1949, to effectuate his coup against President Kouatli, as well as the reasons that led him to take the decisions he did in the course of his reign, decisions that both impacted Syria and Middle Eastern geopolitics, remained open to speculation. The objective of this doctoral dissertation is to provide a new historical interpretation of the interaction between Syria’s first coup d’Etat’s main protagonist – Husni al-Zaim, on one hand, and the regional and international actors on the other, an interaction that has long been a matter of discussion and speculation, through the study of previously untapped sources and the re-examination of some that have already been studied. Methodologically, we are employing Collingwood’s approach of history as the historian’s re-living of his subject’s past experience, by using a select number of sources to understand al-Zaim’s approach towards regional and international relations, in an attempt to first reconstruct the personal experiences of al-Zaim, and as much as possible, all of those of the protagonists of the events that his rule witnessed, so as to finally give our verdict on the extent to which this interaction with foreign actors influenced the turn of the events that his rule witnessed. Our study draws on a wide range of sources making up our inventory, which includes the largest number of memoirs and testimonies of key figures and actors written in Arabic, complemented with Lebanese and American intelligence reports, as well as with French, British and American diplomatic documents
Kaya, Uğur. "Représentations stratégiques hétérogènes de la Turquie dans l'Alliance Atlantique à travers son voisinage avec le Moyen-Orient : analyse d'un État glacis, "rentier stratégique", exploitant les conflits militaires régionaux et globaux comme facteur autonome de développement économique et de stabilité interne." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0031.
Full textThis thesis analys of the interactions between the logic of security and the economic logic that bring to bear on state apparatus and socio-economic agents in Turkey, with regard to Middle Eastern relations and concentrating in particular on Turkey's heterogeneity within the NATO. It consists, fundamentally, of a study of the dialectical relationship between the economic, political and military fields in Turkey on the national, regional and global scales. The thesis's period of analysis stretches from the foundation of the Turkish Republic up to the end of the twentieth century. Within this framework, the thesis attempts to decrypt the role of conflictuality in strategic identity. Interactions between economic and military strategy on the global level do not, in the case of Turkey, stem from colonial considerations. They stem, rather, from a conception of security that aims to avoid participation in territorially-constituted wars in order to achieve economic development. Through this particular relationship between regional and global conflictualities, the Turkish state's long-term policy can be said to consist of instrumentalising antagonisms of third-party protagonists, without any one of those third parties assuming the role of an 'enemy' per se or a 'source of immediate threat'. This exploitation of conflicts leads not only to security considerations, it becomes a multi-view strategy: for economic and social development, to guarantee internal stability, serving also to reinforce official ideology. These phenomena are analysed by means of the concepts of the "conflictualist paradigm" and the "strategic rentier state. "
Beauchard, Jean-Baptiste. "L'action du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies au Proche-Orient (2004-2014) : la souveraineté libanaise à l'épreuve de la paix et de la sécurité internationales." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10460.
Full textSince 2004 and Resolution 1559 demanding Syrian withdrawal, Lebanon has been subjected to an exceptionally intense international action. Facing a new configuration both in Lebanon and the Levant, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has indeed implemented mechanisms of collective security aimed at strengthening national sovereignty.Peace-keeping through United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (Unifil) enhancement and international justice through the creation of the Special tribunal for Lebanon (STL) are the main tools for maintaining international peace and security in a Lebanese perspective. In both cases, France has been particularly active, be it militarily or diplomatically. Setting out from this premise, our thesis, to begin with, will aim at deconstructing the UN mechanisms implemented in the Lebanese case. More precisely, we shall try to apprehend the constitutive logics of the Security Council’s action in Lebanon. Whether in peace-keeping or in international justice, UN resolutions and the bodies created by them are faced with national sovereignty and, therefore, reflect the eternal opposition between chapters VI andVII of the United Nations Charter. Nevertheless, it will be shown that, in the Lebanese case,the UNSC has developed a hybrid action, fluctuating between coercion and consensus.Then, our thesis will show how the Lebanese State, which we will describe as a “quasi-State”, has to face an ongoing tension between supra-State dynamics expressed by UN resolutions and sub-State dynamics embodied by communitarian and religious representatives, sometimes cross-border, which are specific to the Lebanese consociationalist system. We shall later determine the extent to which two of the Lebanese quasi-State’s attributes, defense and security, have been consolidated by international action. More broadly, we will wonder whether international action, as an heir to the Westphalian system,can achieve its goal in a national and regional environment that challenges, today more than ever, the possibility to maintain and support nation-States. In a context of regionalization of conflicts since 2004, and especially since 2011 in the Levant, we shall come to the conclusion that the Security Council still has problems indealing with deliquescent States and with what we will call “interface conflicts”, which not only are booming, but also are more and more inextricably connected to one another
Garapon, Béatrice. "Aux origines de la Turquie conservatrice : une sociologie historique du Parti démocrate (1946-1960)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0845/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to make a social history of the Turkish Democrat Party from 1946 to 1950. There are many essays about the Turkish Democrat Party in political history. Mainly, these works are based on macro and state-centered sources: state archives, national press, and parliamentary debates. Very few studies attempt to assess the social dynamics that led to the Democrat Party coming to power and holding it for a 10-year period. My claim is that to understand the social dynamics that led to the Democrat Party’s rise, we must look at its grassroots organizations and local recruitment. Therefore, I examine four different areas of Turkey—Izmir, Erzurum, Diyarbakir, and Adana—in order to better understand the Democrat Party’s social base. I use sources like the local press and memoirs of local politicians, as well as diplomatic reports, sociological works, and oral interviews with eyewitnesses from the period. This work aims to paint a comprehensive picture of the Democrat Party’s social base by revealing the important role that rural elite, artisans, and small-town shop-keepers played in shaping the party's conservative character
Moulet, Benjamin J. A. "Evêques, pouvoir et société à Byzance, début du VIIIe siècle - milieu du XIe siècle: territoires, communautés et individus dans la société privinciale de l'Empire byzantin." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210419.
Full textL’épiscopat constitue un fondement essentiel mais méconnu de l’Église mésobyzantine. Malgré la relative rareté des sources, il est possible d’en retracer l’histoire et les grandes évolutions :une part importante de l’hagiographie de l’iconoclasme et post-iconoclaste concerne en effet métropolites et évêques, témoignant du lien fort existant entre ceux-ci et le peuple des cités dont ils ont la charge, particulièrement quand ils sont considérés saints par la population. De nombreuses sources épistolaires, ecclésiastiques et sigillographiques, émanant des évêques eux-mêmes, permettent d’approcher les réalités du corps épiscopal et celles de la société provinciale qu’il représente auprès des autorités centrales. L’évêque apparaît également comme le relais des volontés impériale et patriarcale dans les provinces de l’Empire. Dans un contexte de compétition de pouvoir avec les autorités locales, l’évêque tente ainsi d’imposer le sien propre, dans ses aspects spatiaux, sociaux, religieux et symboliques.
L’approche collective et les approches individuelles de l’épiscopat doivent permettre de comprendre les réalités sociales d’un Empire de plus en plus centré sur sa capitale et dont sont progressivement détachées, du moins dans les sources, les périphéries. Une histoire décentrée de l’Empire byzantin passe dès lors par des études régionales mais aussi par des études consacrées à des groupes sociaux enracinés dans tout l’Empire, surtout lorsque, comme les évêques, ils revendiquent la spécificité de leur région et leur attachement à une société provinciale qui constitue le socle de l’Empire.
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The episcopate is an essential structure of the middle-Byzantine Church ;however, it remains little known. Although sources are limited, its history and evolution can still be reconstructed, as a large portion of the iconoclastic and post-iconoclastic hagiography deals with metropolitans and bishops. The sources reveal the strong connection between bishops and the inhabitants of the cities under their responsibility, especially when the population considers them as saints. Numerous epistolary, ecclesiastic and sigillographic documents issued by bishops themselves partially unveil the realities of the episcopal group and the provincial society that bishops represent to the central authorities. The bishop also serves as relay of both imperial and patriarchal wills to the provinces of the Empire. Competing with local authorities, the bishop thus tries to impose his own influence in its spatial, social, religious and symbolic dimensions.
Both collective and individual approaches of the episcopate make the social realities of the Empire more understandable, as it becomes more and more focused on its capital city while its peripheries gradually move away, which documentation seems to imply. Regional studies, but also studies focused on social groups established across the whole Empire, are the fundamentals of a decentred history of the Byzantine Empire. This is especially true since social groups such as bishops claim the specificity of their regions and their link to a provincial society that represents the cornerstone of the Empire.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Abou, Kasm Antonios. "Le Tribunal spécial pour le Liban : défis juridiques et enjeux stratégiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GREND006.
Full textThe Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL) is created through a bilateral agreement concluded between the UN and the Lebanese Government; but its essential instruments didn’t come into force until the adoption of the binding resolution 1757 (2007) of the Security Council adopted under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. The STL, sitting in the Netherlands, composed of foreign and Lebanese judges, is an internationalized criminal tribunal sui generis. Its primary mandate consists on prosecuting those responsible for the 14th February 2005 attempt which caused the death of the former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic HARIRI and 22 other people; nevertheless the STL’s jurisdiction can be extended to cover connected attacks. Many features distinguish the STL, since it is the first criminal tribunal that was created under the UN’s framework outside of the International humanitarian law’s discipline; it judges terrorism crimes in peace time under the Lebanese domestic law; moreover, it is the first international criminal tribunal which holds trials in absentia, establishes an Office for the Defense as an autonomous organ equally with the Office of the Prosecutor giving the defense counsel large powers. The STL works according to its proper Rules of Procedure and Evidence – adopted by its judges – associating the civil law system and the common law system. The STL’s functioning confronts legal challenges due to its combined funding mechanism, assured by the conventional contribution of the Lebanese Government as by the voluntary contributions of member States; or due to its restricted primacy limited only to Lebanese courts, arising a problematical horizontal cooperation. In addition, the STL’s Statute expresses reluctance on the immunities’ question. The implementation of the STL has created a large political controversy in Lebanon; its work in an unstable geopolitical framework triggers relevant strategic issues having impacts on the political scene in Lebanon and Middle-East. The STL incurs strategic challenges since its first indictment incriminates Hezbollah members – an armed resistance against Israel – ally of Iran and Syria. The Arab spring and its implications on the Syrian revolution generate instability to the political and security conditions of Lebanon, alerting a new series of terrorist attempts. The main mission of the STL consists to end impunity in Lebanon related first and foremost to political assassinations. The STL is considered as an instrument of selective justice since it is established only to judge a single attempt and a small number of connected crimes in a restricted spatiotemporal framework, whereas a large number of serious crimes of International humanitarian law and political crimes perpetrated in Lebanon are still unpunished. For its detractors, the STL embodies the dilemma between "civil peace" and "international justice", although its finality seeks to consolidate the national reconciliation through the discovery of the truth
Arikanli, Zeynep. "La politique mandataire britannique en Irak : à la recherche d'un « principe d'accord » : le traitement du mouvement nationalitaire kurde dans la wilaya de Mossoul, 1918-1926." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1018.
Full textThis study focuses on how an actor justifies its actions in heterogenous and fragmented environments. It aims at proving that in the absence of a principle of agreement constraning the actors’ actions, the relations between equal partners of action turn into polyarchy whilst those between inequal ones end in arrangement, contention and finally, violence. To this end, this research concentrates on the British mandatory policies in Iraq through the management of Kurdish nationalist movement in the wilaya of Mosul from 30rd October 1918 to 5th 1926. The 30rd October 1918 is the date of the signature of Armistice of Mudros between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire at the end of the First World War. It is in the aftermath of this armistice that the British occupied Mosul. In 5th 1926, Turkey and Great Britain signed the Treaty of Angora which settled the question of frontier between Turkey and Irak, a question which is also known as Question of Mosul