Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politique de prévention des risques industriels'
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Grembo, Nicolas. "Risque industriel et représentation des risques : approche géographique de la représentation du risque industriel majeur en région Poitou-Charentes." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573845.
Tannous, Scarlett. "An integrated framework to assess the “effectiveness” of risk-related public policies for high-risk chemical and petrochemical sites : A comparative study in France and Australia." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. https://basepub.dauphine.fr/discover?query=%222023UPSLD034%22.
High-risk industrial sites (e.g., Seveso Upper Tier (UT) and Major Hazard Facilities (MHF)) are classified by legislation and regulations as the most dangerous sites. In other words, in case of a major accident, damage can be significant even if it is supposed to occur rarely. Risk prevention and crisis management policies are one way to prevent that while sustaining the economic vitality of the industrial sector. These trade-offs constitute a major challenge for governments and public actors, who have a primary role in protecting their citizens and improving their social well-being by taking political decisions and developing “effective” risk prevention and crisis management policies.How can we assess such policy “effectiveness” and what does it mean? Ultimately, a risk policy must reduce risks and prevent major accidents (e.g., efficacy), but what other aspects condition such performativity? Some answers to these multidisciplinary questions can be found in public administration, management and decision sciences, risk, safety, and regulatory research areas. Under the public policy dimension, studies emphasize gaps related to (i) the role of effective risk governance and (ii) the central role of inspection, oversight, or monitoring performance, which is often overlooked despite its importance. The objective of this thesis is, therefore, to answer with a bottom-up approach the following research question: How can the “risk policy system” around high-risk sites be assessed for an effective decision process taking into consideration the territorial levels such as the Regional level for France and the State level for Australia?Based on qualitative approaches, this thesis aims to propose a multicriteria assessment framework serving conceptual thinking and problem framing for risk policy assessment. It suggests embracing the complexity of a system that combines (i) an organizational and governance system, (ii) a regulatory or normative system, and (iii) a system of practical tools/instruments. The assessment framework is also tested through two qualitative case studies in the Normandy Region (France) and the State of Victoria (Australia), which are both areas where a significant number of high-risk facilities exist.Main contributions include (i) an assessment framework of more than ten criteria coupled with practical questions adapted to the contexts of high-risk industrial sites. They include conditions for legitimacy and validity such as efficacy, transparency, adequacy, and so on; and (ii) two in-depth descriptive assessments of the Normand and Victorian risk policy systems allow us to deduce some main variabilities in their system’s effectiveness. Some limitations appear to concern generalization, scoping, and representativity aspects. Future work encourages testing this framework on other cases, exploring the groups of facilities at the legislative and regulatory boundaries, examining the inter-relationships and dependencies between criteria, and exploring the aggregation methods that can serve the formalization of this framework
Rasse, Gabrièle. "Les plans de prévention des risques technologiques au prisme de la vulnérabilité." Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363570.
During their creation in 2003 further to the accident of AZF in Toulouse, the plans of technological risks prevention (PPRT) were introduced as juridical tools allowing reducing efficiently the territories vulnerability. Five years later, the question of the contentment of this mission settles. The researches on the notion of vulnerability, illustrated by the results of an inquiry of ground into the concrete application of the first PPRT, is going to show the positive points and the insufficiencies of the juridical answer to the question of the vulnerability of the territories. The first part of this thesis sets out to show beneficial effects procreated by PPRT on the territories. The second part of this thesis compensates this first positive effect showing the insufficiencies of the legal framework given by PPRT
Da, Rocha Isabelle. "La prévention des risques professionnels : une politique sécuritaire pour l'entreprise." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020035.
Maillard, Daniel. "Maîtrise de l'urbanisation autour des sites industriels à haut risque." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dessid/rrbmaillard.pdf.
Bernier, Sandrine. "Perceptions des risques industriels et nucléaires. Enjeux, négociations et construction sociale des seuils d'acceptation des risques." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00307754.
L'originalité de cette recherche tient à la dimension importante de terrain local que nous apportons, qui se compose de sites classés Seveso et nucléaires implantés en Indre et Loire. Nous avons interrogé cinq catégories d'acteurs par entretien ou par questionnaire dans le but de comprendre leur position vis-à-vis des situations de risques technologiques. Leurs discours permettent de comprendre et d'affiner les seuils d'acceptation qu'ils définissent autour des risques industriels et de faire ressortir la complexité d'une situation mêlant enjeux politiques, pressions environnementales, logiques économiques et contraintes sécuritaires, vers un positionnement flou et complexe. Ce terrain éclaire une réalité faite de contrastes sur les perceptions de risques d'aujourd'hui.
Blanchi, Raphaële. "Contribution méthodologique à la conception d'une politique publique en matière de prévention des risques d'incendie de forêt : Application au plan de prévention des risques naturels." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1045.
Ballandras-Rozet, Christelle. "Les techniques conventionnelles de lutte contre les pollutions et les nuisances et de prévention des risques technologiques." Lyon 3, 2005. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2005_out_rozet_c.pdf.
The fight against pollutions and nuisances as well as the prevention of technological risks are challenges environmental law must tackle. Accounting for the universal dimension of the problems induced, it adapts its traditional tools to enrich them by new techniques. Conventions become the instruments epitomizing this legal change. Their diverse denominations and multiple configurations feed a complexity and a singularity required by the extent of environmental stakes. The systematization ruling their classification improves their legibility. The concept of framework conventions, as it enables to define the different natures of their clauses (contractual, institutional or programming), make them easier to grasp. They are effective techniques which find their place in post-modern Law to impose a flexible and consensual method to environmental actors, be they public or private. They are the expression of a partnership phenomenon in accordance with the rising concept of governance
Etienne, Julien. "L'impact de l'action publique sur les comportements privés : une approche de goal framing theory." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0051.
Chevreau, François-Régis. "Maîtrise des risques industriels et culture de sécurité : le cas de la chimie pharmaceutique." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00360174.
Pour les industriels du secteur de la chimie pharmaceutique, qui comptent parmi les exploitants des systèmes à risques, le développement d'une culture de sécurité dans les sites de production est une nécessité. Des évolutions techniques et la mise en place de systèmes spécifiques de gestion leur ont en effet permis d'obtenir des résultats largement meilleurs que la moyenne des entreprises mais qui semblent plafonner dans le temps. Développer une culture de sécurité dans les usines nécessite cependant de changer de regard sur la maîtrise des risques. Cela nécessite en effet de prendre en compte toutes les dimensions de l'organisation en replaçant l'être humain au centre des préoccupations.
Ce travail de recherche se situe dans le domaine de la recherche en gestion, dans le courant de l'analyse de l'activité collective. Il vise à répondre à plusieurs objectifs. En premier lieu, décrypter les logiques d'action sous-jacentes à la notion de culture de sécurité afin de déterminer le projet managérial qu'elle implique. Ensuite, identifier les processus de gestion mis en œuvre pour concrétiser ces logiques d'action afin d'observer comment le projet managérial culture de sécurité se met en œuvre. Enfin, analyser certaines activités liées à ces processus, notamment la formation du personnel et le retour d'expérience, afin de faire émerger des leviers d'action permettant de développer la culture de sécurité.
Le terrain d'intervention est constitué des usines de production d'un grand industriel français de la pharmacie.
L'approche proposée a été mise en œuvre dans différentes usines de production de composés chimiques et à l'échelle de la branche chimie du partenaire industrielle. Elle a permis d'identifier les leviers de progrès dans les activités de maîtrise des risques qui contribuent à développer et à renforcer une culture de sécurité devant permettre d'améliorer les résultats de sécurité des sites chimiques étudiés.
La démarche de recherche mise en œuvre peut être adaptée à d'autres secteurs industriels désireux de développer ou renforcer une culture de sécurité et prêts à mettre à plat leurs pratiques de maîtrise des risques industriels.
Guyot, Delmotte Florence. "L' administration et les risques naturels et technologiques." Littoral, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DUNK0244.
The problem posed by the treatment of risk management requires taking into account various issues. The first challenge lies in the support of all actors in defining the acceptable level of risk and the implementation and evaluation of public policy on natural and technological hazards. The second issue concerns the involvement of external partners in the implementation of public policy. The third issue concerns the ability of the administrative organization to manage the public to risks. Therefore, the main interest of this thesis was to highlight the evolution of treatment of risk management. This study found the limits of the system : one administrative territorialization necessary but inadequate, a failure of consistency in prevention, insufficient accountability of various actors, an original scheme, but the fragile. . . The vision proposed by this study is based on the clarification and simplification on the legal framework achieved and efforts still to provide. .
Merle, Ivanne. "La fiabilité à l'épreuve du feu : la prévention des risques d'accidents majeurs dans une usine Seveso II." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0070.
This PhD report deals with the topic of major hazard prevention - fires, explosions or toxic emissions - which can have high consequences on people or the environment. From an empirical point of view, the research project is based on a study of a chemical company applying European Seveso II directive and seen by control authorities as a model of safety. The fieldwork had as a purpose first, to understand the reasons of this excellent reputation and secondly to compare this image with facts gathered from observations and interviews. This thesis shows that, if this company demonstrates many features of what researchers from Berkeley consider representative of a “High Reliabilty Organization” (HRO), it also reveals, at the same time, many signs of vulnerability which are generally considered, in the literature and in practice, as “precursors” of an “accident waiting to happen”. These findings question, from a theoretical point of view, the concept of HRO and as a consequence, it is suggested to replace it by the less normative and more realistic concept of NRO, namely of “Normally Reliable Organization”. This shift has a twofold purpose. It expresses primarily the idea that an organization, as reliable and sure as it can be, is never completely protected from an accident, but more importantly, expresses the idea that this under-optimality is partly accepted by the leaders and the employees of these organizations, who do not seek to completely eliminate risks, but to control them effectively to reconcile the objectives of safety and economic performance
Loschmann, Ronald. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'une méthode d'analyse prévisionnelle de la sécurité de systèmes à risques multiples : application à un site industriel urbain." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30050.
The work presented in this thesis is in the scope of organisational safety and knowledge engineering. It contributes to the elaboration of a computerized method for the provisional analysis on safety of Urban Industrial Sites (UIS). The method consists in foreseeing the critical behaviour of UIS, given accident scenarios, by means of an hybrid model simulator. The simulator rests on the UIS and the accident conceptual models, elaborated from ontological studies and the KOD method. The UIS model renders an account of technical, human and organisational aspects. The accident model, inspired from the J. Dumaine model, permits to assess the consequences of the three industrial accident types : the release of toxic substances, fire and explosion. The conceptual models are formalized using UML-RT extended for hybrid systems and implemented with Anylogic. Our experimentations were carried out on the UIS of Marseilles St Menet
Delatour, Guillaume. "L'Ecosystème décisionnel du manager : une contribution au défi d'anticipation de la crise." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0017/document.
Industrial accident is one of the most destructive and unbearable crisis. In many cases, experience feedbacks show that the disaster could probably have been avoided. In this context, we come up the question of anticipation. In socio-technological systems with high-risk technology, what are the pathways to detect and prevent an accident sequence? To address this problem, our approach is based on decision making. Placed in a restrictive environment, operational management is a particular actor. A historical analysis of major accidents shows a gap between the vision of the manager, and the reality of operations. The manager is placed in a situation of ambiguity, in which he has to ensure the balance between the rupture requested by the safety requirement, and the absence of rupture imposed by the continuity of activities. Then, the challenges of complexity, time, and decision gradually degrade the decision-making environment and block the decision.Our thesis proposes an understanding and a modelisation of the decision ecosystem of the operational manager, in order to pass from a stressed situation to a situation where the decision becomes initiative. By make the decision of a prepared interruption, the manager strengths his anticipation capacity of major industrial accidents. By understanding its decision ecosystem operational manager can take initiatives that protect the continuity principle
Lecomte-Ménahès, Gabrielle. "Permanence et transformations d'une institution de prévention : la médecine du travail : de l'évaluation de l'aptitude à celle des risques professionnels." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2026/document.
Over the last fifteen years, French occupational medicine has been modified by several labour code reforms which have revised its focus on the examination of medical fitness to work. Studying a "disappearing" profession, that of the company doctor, this research mobilises the sociologies of public action, professions and work to understand the contïnuity and renewal of the instruments of occupational health prevention. Based on ethnographical observations and interviews with occupational health professionals, this PhD thesis combines three levels of analysis. At the macro-social level, during the 1980s, a new generation of mostly female company doctors, particularly through its most critical branch, helped to bring into the public arena major occupational risks (asbestos, musculoskeletal disorders, psychosocial risks) arc renew medical practces. But during the 2000s, directors of occupationnal health services regained the preventive mandate through management devices framing the activity of non-medicalt occupational health professionals. At the level of occupational health services, despite their resistances and because of their professional status, company doctors little by little delegated studies of working conditions and regular follow-up with employees to these new professionals. Overloaded with work, company doctors are limited in their relationship to their public and must concentrate on caring for sick employees, which moves them away from legitimate preventive practices. These practices, centred on the evaluation of occupational risks, are transmitted to non-medical occupational health professionals
Berlivet, Luc. "Une santé à risques : l'action publique de lutte contre l'alcoolisme et le tabagisme en France (1954-1999)." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10417.
Gérin, Sarah. "Une démarche évaluative des Plans de Prévention des Risques dans le contexte de l'assurance des catastrophes naturelles : Contribution au changement de l'action publique de prévention." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582692.
Girard, Tobias. "Les pouvoirs du danger : zone indsutrielle de Fos-sur-Mer : anthropologie politique des risques industriels et du conflit de l'incinérateur." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715472.
Dequaire-Falconnet, Elodie. "Modélisation de l'activité individuelle et collective dans la perspective d'une prévention des risques des installations, dès la conception : Application au domaine de l'imprimerie." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1368.
Perherin, Céline. "La concertation lors de la cartographie des aléas littoraux dans les Plans de Prévention des Risques : enjeu majeur de prévention." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0114/document.
The development of Coastal risks prevention plans, identified as priorities after Xynthia storm in 2010, has revealed divisive debates, between the state services and territorial authorities, about coastal flooding or coastline recession mapping. This PhD research deals with the understanding of coastal hazards mapping. It analyses the factors which influence this process based on what do the maps represent for each stakeholder.The research results highlight that hazards studies sparsely come from territorial knowledge and are often approached from a complex expert angle. Thus, new knowledge is hardly managed by local stakeholders. Significant debates about technical aspects and the process of regulatory zoning conception lead to the fact that hazards mapping crystallizes the PPRL debates. Actually, these debates often hide different conceptions of prevention policy and opposing interests of stakeholders acting at different spatial and temporal scales. The few opened discussions purposed by state services during reference hazards mapping and zoning conception lead to a low territorialization of the PPRL and make their integration in local policies of coastal risks prevention and of land use planning difficult.Thus, this PhD highlights the crucial role of dialogue and of an input by the territory, in order to start an active appropriation of hazards knowledge and to enable the PPRL integration within the territorial public policy
Amokrane, Kahina. "Suivi de l'apprenant en environnement virtuel pour la formation à la prévention des risques sur des sites SEVESO." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1874.
A site classified "Seveso" is an industrial installation where the activity presents a significant risk to surrounding populations, in case of serious accident. Hence, the limitations encountered to reach this kind of site, particulary in the context of training. Virtual reality is one of the technologies that appear interesting to remedy these limitations. It allows to make the learner in situations close to reality and allows him to learn without any risk. My PhD thesis work falls within the framework of using virtual reality for risk prevention training. Our objectives are 1) to script virtual environment according to learner actions and profile, and pedagogical goals, 2) to trace learner activity and all the events sequences, from causes to effects, with argued explanations. For this, we base on knowledge representation models : task description language, ontology, erros model, Bayesian Networks. To achieve our objectives, we need to interpret the observable actions performed by a learner and their effects in virtual environments to determine performed task, commited errors and produced risks. To do this, we proposed an intelligent tutor called HERA (Helpful staff for safety learning in virtual environments)
Tugas, Antoine. "Risque technologique et responsabilité de la puissance publique : Antoine Tugas." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10052.
Collective security is likely to be endangered by a certain number of risks, of which most typical of the post-modern techno-scientist societies is the technological risk. Seized by the Law, the "major technological risk" (P. Lagadec), was focused around two major axes which are the prevention policy and its necessary corollary, the legal responsability. Prevention, therefore, upstream of the risk, by the means of a multitude of special rules, intern or international, interesting the law of the "installations classes"so much classified that right of town planning or right of environment, emanating from very diversified authorities, which aims evaluating and at framing them risks. Legal liability, also, when occurs a catastrophic event, specific or serial, which aims to the compensation for the damages, oscillating then between compensation and guarantee with the liking of multiple occurences, to which apply disparate benefit arangements. It is on such bases that we will propose a work which wants to be at the same time synthetic and prospective. Thus, we will initially propose to count the ways of right offered by such a dispute (implemented of the responsability, by the victims, of authors of the damage, in front of the two orders of juridiction-mode permits, general and special policies, regulations of town planning) in order to point its disparities and its insufficiencies. Then we will attach to propose alternatives to the current modes, made up by the precautionary principle, registering us by in the current debate of the place of the technological risk in the contemporary society. Discusses which can succeed only if we integrate into the various risk prevention policies a coherent system and a total answer to the question of liability for the technological catastrophes
Estrada, Díaz Gabriela. "Mise en pratique de la politique de prévention de catastrophes au Mexique : Enjeux en milieu urbain : Le cas de la ville de Minatitlán." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1076/document.
This dissertation explores the responses developed by the Mexican government for tackling the challenges presented by natural and man-made risks. The country counts indeed with a number of strategies for managing emergencies, and it performs quite well on reconstructing infrastructures and facilities on the aftermath of the numerous natural disasters that afflict its territory every year. This is possible thanks to the financial means available for reconstruction in the national annual budget. However, the recurrence of natural and man-made disasters, indicate a lack of planning policies and practices that could actually prevent that the existing risks become real disasters, specially in urban areas.The case of study is the city of Minatitlán. This city offers an example of how the disaster prevention policy lacks effectiveness on reducing major risks. In Minatitlán, nature is harsh and inflicts recurring floods in its territory, but human groups have certainly some responsibility in the repetition of disasters since they choose a location rather inadequate for urbanization, and implemented low-resilient development patterns. When oil industry established in the area, it reinforced the characteristics of urbanization (illegal settlements) and contributed to weaken the resistance of the settlement to disasters.At the heart of this study lays an interrogation about the operational conditions of a national disaster prevention policy in Mexico, given the local conditions that intervene in its effectiveness: geographical, socio-economical, institutional and socio-cultural frames. Therefore, the study focuses on a global comprehension of urban systems and how different elements relate to produce a specific condition of vulnerability, taking into account the multi-dimensionality of the concept.The study is presented in three parts. The first one explores the theoretical framework of the following analysis. In the second part, a couple of analysis relied on the use of public information rather accessible in Mexico. The data and texts were used with a laying interrogation about the indications they could give about the risk situations in Mexican urban settlements. Finally, the third part of the dissertation focuses on exploring the socio-cultural factors of vulnerability, namely the social representation of risk, under the premise that it has a major impact on individual and social behavior in risk (and disasters) situations.The case of Minatitlán confirms the tight links among risks and urban development. In this city, the risk has historically represented an opportunity for development. The institutional framework for risk prevention emerges well after the city was a consolidated urban settlement, but it has not been able to offer substantial changes and one can conclude that the current situation arranges a number of groups that do not see any incentive for improving the prevention strategies or enforcing planning measures. Then, a transition towards more resilient scenarios, specially in a context of climate change, is not foreseeable in the coming years.Moreover, the civil protection policy in Mexico favors a top-down public intervention in disaster periods, where each government level intervenes up to their financial and physical powers. At the lowest end of this chain, are local populations, the victims of disasters, are not encouraged to participate or become actual actors of local prevention.This being the current state of affairs in Minatitlán, the public action as well as the social representation of risks and disasters, are both contributing to maintaining a situation where prevention is not the main goal of the disaster policy
Cretegny, Isabelle. "La mise en oeuvre de la politique d'amélioration des conditions de travail à la SNCF : l'institutionnalisation d'un dispositif de prévention des risques professionnels." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010081.
Gralepois, Mathilde. "Les risques collectifs dans les agglomérations françaises : contours et limites d'une approche territoriale de prévention et de gestion des risques à travers le parcours des agents administratifs locaux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00572853.
Houdoux, Charles. "Intérêts et limites d'une campagne d'information auprès des citoyens européens sur la prévention des risques liés au cancer au plan communautaire." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P018.
Edward, Lydie. "Modélisation décisionnelle de personnages virtuels autonomes évoluant dans un environnement virtuel pour la prévention des risques sur les sites SEVESO." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1942.
Our research deals with the design of a training system to support decision-making in the preparation and the management of maintenance interventions in high-risk industries namely SEVESO sites. The proposed system incorporates virtual reality and artificial intelligence to simulate virtual autonomous characters and their cognitive processes in dangerous working situations. It generates behaviour-based errors to support learning and risk prevention. It uses new mechanisms taking into account human factors with respect to cognitive modelling of human behaviour regarding risky situations. In the simulated environment the trainee can visualize the risks incurred during his work with the virtual agents. The emergent risks depend on the cognitive characteristics of the virtual operators and on the expertise of the trainee. We propose a multi-agent system to support the control of virtual operators represented by virtual cognitive agents. The difference with a classic MAS is that our cognitive agents are enriched with a planner for selecting actions according to goals, the environment and to the personal characteristics of the agents (time pressure, caution, tiredness, hunger)
Janès, Agnès. "Caractérisation des dangers des produits et évaluation des risques d'explosion d'ATEX, contribution à l'amélioration de la sécurité des procédés industriels." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0346/document.
Controlling fire and explosion hazards in industrial processes is based on occurrence conditions and the assessment of possible effects and consequences of these events. The feedback from industrial accidents involving combustible products often reveals an insufficient identification of products hazards and/or an incorrect or incomplete risk assessment of the processes by the operators. The regulatory evolutions in the past decade were aimed at better identification and management of these risks. Nevertheless, in order to reduce the frequency and the severity of these accidents, it is necessary to further improve the safety procedures concerning combustible materials. When this evaluation is the most accurate and realistic, prevention and protection measures are the most adequate. This requires an accurate hazard characterization of the products stored, transported or used. It is also necessary to better identify and manage the risks associated. This work has been devoted primarily to the regulatory characterization of physical and chemical hazards of substances and mixtures, as well as evaluating the ability of flammable gas, vapour or dust to form explosive atmospheres and an eventual ignition. Secondly, this work have attempted to highlight the key elements of the regulatory, normative and methodological context concerning explosive atmospheres and to develop a specific methodology allowing explosive atmospheres explosion risk assessment in industrial facilities, consistent with applicable regulatory requirements
Thevenot, Gaël. "De la prévention des risques au changement des pratiques agricoles : les limites du droit de la protection phytosanitaire." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE0040/document.
Plant protection products, also known as pesticides, are used to fight against offensive organisms on plants. By doing so, they also guarantee crop yield and food supplying. French legal framework has been genuinely built to ensure market efficiency to these products even before trying to limit their impact on health and environment. With the community thematic strategy on sustainable use of pesticides, its objective gets more aspiring as it now concerns the reduction of farming dependency on pesticides. But more than reducing the use of these products, it becomes necessary to implement new practices. Moreover, new agronomical methods have to be set up against pest emergence and its uncontrolled growth. Although market rules on plant protection products, which are in the core of the legal package, do lower the risk on health and environment, they hardly reach this goal. It is the same analysis with the yet promising legal framework on pesticides use. Calling on the entire resources of agricultural law becomes necessary in order to redirect farming practises. In spite of the help from both market instruments and the very structuring framework of the common agricultural policy, the growing integration of health and environmental concern stays at an unsufficient level to substantially change these practices
Durand-Poudret, Emma. "L'évolution du droit international face aux risques posés par les accidents nucléaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0517.
Reviewing the complex relation between international law and nuclear risks posed by major accidents raises a set of questions. It first addresses the nature of the legal response made in this regard. It also appreciates whether the framework is sufficiently efficient and effective. At last, assuming that nuclear accidents turn international law into a relative failure, it is worth exploring different means to enhance the said law. Simply put, this brings us to the question of whether the adaptation of international law to nuclear risk is relevant. More broadly, our thesis consists in defending that continuous adaptation of law, resulting from the dynamic dialogue between legal science and scientific progress, improves its efficiency and effectiveness. However, the adaptation widely depends on the technological development of nuclear energy, as the atom both limits and extends the scope of international law. This original feature reveals that many difficulties arise when it comes to grasp the complexity of scientific facts. The stakes are high as international nuclear aims at mitigating the effects of a major technological risk in order to preserve the living conditions of mankind
Blesius, Jean-Christophe. "Vivre avec les industries ? De la maîtrise de l’urbanisation à l’éducation aux risques : cas de Vitry-sur-Seine (France) et de Montréal-Est (Québec)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1005/document.
The major industrial risk is the probability of a fire, a toxic spill or an explosion on a particular location. This type of risk is inherent in some establishments that store, handle, and manufacture hazardous products. The major industrial disaster, which embodies this risk, will have a significant impact on people and their property. Some densely built cities suggest situations of close cohabitation between industrial and other types of buildings (residential, equipment, other activities, etc.). By the analysis of two cases, the City of Vitry-sur-Seine, France and Montréal-Est, Québec, Canada, this research proposes a reflection on the responses implemented to cope with major industrial risks concerning two storage facilities. After a period of a necessary risk identification process, several families of responses can be implemented: reducing the risk at source ; preparation of intervention measures in case of emergency; information transmission; planning practices; emergency action; recovery. By using the expression of "risk territories", these responses indicate that the risk is able to "make do" to the territory. This research will show that, for the same type of risk, the responses may differ on the two investigation sites.This is the case of the urbanization control which aims to create (or recreate), by planning practices, a certain distance away from industries at risk and other types of construction, or more generally to promote conditions for a better coexistence between these two sets. Differences are not due to the geographical factor but rather economic and historical factors. Despite this difference, it appears a common set: a very complex implementation of the urbanization control. Moreover, it seems difficult to not live with the industry. This is also the case of the answer which consists to educate at risk. This response, at first reading, consists in talking about the major risk to young children in schools. Differences are explained by practical factors (lack of time, resources) but also and not least by the thematic of representations. Nevertheless, the implementation of a risk education seems to overcome some issues in order to not be a simple transmission of information. Thus, this research focuses on the development around hazardous industrial establishments, while proposing to extend the discussion on topics related to science education. It allows to question the place acquired to the industries in cities today. Furthermore, it attempts to show that it is better to reflect on solutions that enable a better coexistence between city and industry.KeywordsMajor industrial risk; Risk territories ; Prevention; Control of urbanization ; Risk Culture ; Risk Education
Tiano, Vincent. "Les inspecteurs du travail à l'épreuve de l'évaluation des risques : une profession sous tension." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00353866.
Bou-Zeid, Maria. "Les campagnes médiatiques dans le secteur de la santé publique au Liban : Production et réception." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020119.
Serrier, Hassan. "Théories et méthodes d'évaluation du coût social de facteurs de risque professionnels en France : application au cas des cancers d'origine professionnelle." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704550.
Godard, Olivier. "Environnement et régulation du développement en économie mixte de marché : de l'externalisation à l'intégration institutionnelle en univers controversé." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010020.
Environmental problems are making economic development patterns questionable. Analyses of public policies reveal the strength of other concepts than the classical scheme of bad static allocation of resources. On the basis of works in the field of self-organisation, the thesis shows than the very concept of the environment has the structure of an "entangled hierarchy" between the meaning coming from the socio-economic system and the meaning coming from the global environment. Self-reference and hetero-reference re combined in the way of shaping issues, particularly in contexts of "controversial universes", that should be clearly distinguished from "stabilized universes" to which neo-classical concepts are more appropriate. A typology of internalisation mechanisms shows their diversity and stresses the value of one particular type, i. E. "contestable legitimacy". The fact that several conflicting systems of justification compete for guiding public action gives way to approach of the choice between policy instruments. Taking account of this legitimacy constraint, a comparison between tax regimes and tradeable permits is undertaken for an international coordination of global warming risks
Meerpoël, Matthieu. "L'évolution du cadre juridique du déclenchement de l'action publique préventive dans le domaine des risques naturels et technologiques." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL20017.
Preventive management of natural and technological hazards is a major issue for state authorities, in regards to the people, property and the environment or in regards to the cost represented by the realization of such risks. Therefore, policy makers legally bound to protect these interests are required to initiate a preventive public action after evaluating and qualifying the risks. The level of hazard and the appropriateness and proportionality of preventive measures will be determined within a complex decision-making process. The policymakers then strive to reach the best possible compromise between freedom and security objectives within the framework of a delicate cost/benefit analysis. The law attempts to regulate this decision-making process by leaving a large and necessary margin of discretion to the public policy makers in determining the acceptability of the risk. This thesis will explore the process to reach this compromise, and in particular how the law governs it, manages this delicate issue and potentially controls the endorsed decisions
Calvo, Élodie. "Accidents de masse et responsabilité pénale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0323/document.
In times of consumerism and mass production, news has provided us examples of technological, sanitary and environmental disasters which have required criminal law. Nevertheless, criminal law doesn’t seem to be perfectly adapted to the reality of mass accidents.In one hand, it appears that the resultant of mass accidents is an assault to a group of people, goods and environmental elements affected by one single harmful event. However, considering that one of the criminal law principles is the indifference to the number of victims, the massive aspect of the mass accident is not taken into account as a resultant of the offence. Thus, these accidents can only be punished by the means of general offences. However, due to the difficulty of establishing the causal link, those offences are not easy to identify. Indeed, such damages are often caused by multiple factors, which leads us to another question about the causal sequence of events and about the certainty of each cause.In the other hand, about repression, mass accidents are often caused by legal entities, which leads us to another difficult question: the criminal liability of societies and enterprises. In the same way, mass accidents are often the resultant of private or public-decisions-makers’ actions or omissions; their link to the offence can follow various rules. The punishment for those massive accidents, especially for the environmental ones, is also a difficult question; therefore, it is necessary to adapt criminal sentences to the specificities of those situations. Eventually, the main question remains the one about the evolution of criminal law, that needs to take into account the collective dimension of massive accidents, notably by creating specifics offences
Ketterer, Frédéric. "Le processus de production publicitaire dans les campagnes médiatiques de santé publique : entre inspiration socio-politique et expiration médiatique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL12013/document.
Health communication does exist in France since, at least, the 19th century. However, because of the development of the « mass media » in the seventies, multiplication of those campaigns and diversification of their themes have occurred. The aim of this work is to understand the mechanisms underlying those campaigns in analysing how they were designed and how they have a meaning in a society. The analysis rests on three media campaigns performed in France between 2005 and 2007: two national campaigns on mental health and a third regional one on AIDS. The analysis was performed at a mesosocial level, at the intersection between macrosocial determinants and microsocial considerations that both influenced the design of the campaign, its messages and its diffusion in the public space. The macrosocial characteristic is reflected in the way a health theme is integrated in public health, comprising some features of the socio-political context; the microsocial dimension refers to the actions of the protagonists of these campaigns who will meet, negotiate and try to act in the light of their own interests. The campaigns of public health will result from the crossing of those elements, in a context where public health defines while still inventing itself. Lastly, social building of subjectivities, the way power tries to define the relationship between the person and his body, is expressed through these campaigns, with, in background, symbolic fights for recognition by the “political field”
Caillon, Julie. "Jeu d’argent pathologique : évaluation et implications cliniques de la politique de jeu responsable menée en France : cas particulier des jeux de hasard et d’argent sur Internet." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100175.
Online gambling is more addictive compared with offline gambling. Thus, among the Internet gamblers in 2017, 13% were problem gamblers which were superior to offline practices. We also observed an increase in new online gambling practices such as internet trading. To prevent risks associated with online gambling, French jurisdiction regulates the gambling market and proposes a responsible gambling policy to protect the most vulnerable gamblers. Several harm reduction measures have been put in place such as the introduction of self-exclusion strategies or self-limitations. Despite the importance of these responsible gambling strategies, there is very little scientific evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of this policy.The objective of our work was to discuss the responsible gambling policy conducted in France, focusing in particular on the prevention of online gambling addiction and the effectiveness of harm-minimization tools. The studies presented demonstrated that gambling moderators as a temporary self-exclusion of gambling site could be effective in limiting gambling behavior by modifying cognitive distortions and craving. The effectiveness of harm-minimization tools seems to vary according to the gambler status (at-risk or excessive gambler) and the type of gambling. However, results indicated that gambling moderators were underused by gamblers. Moreover, many internet practices such as trading did not fit into the current regulatory framework. Changes in the responsible gambling policy in France must be discussed. It is essential that the discussions are based on scientific researches in order to guide the responsible gambling strategy with effectiveness
Mauroux, Amélie. "Au chaud et à l'abri ? Évaluation ex post de deux politiques environnementales mises à l'épreuve du comportement des ménages français." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED062.
Understanding how households adjust their behavior in response to public policies is essential to assess their efficiency. So-called behavioral bias are well-documented and may reduce the expected impact of the public intervention. This thesis carries out an ex post evaluation of two environmental policies in France: an economic incentive, the tax credit on home energy efficiency investments (Crédit d’impôt développement durable, CIDD), and a regulation, the natural and industrial risk prevention policy. Chapters 2 and 3 provide some evidence of the incentive impact of the CIDD after an increase in the tax credit rate. It evaluates the change both in the probability to claim the tax credit (additional participants) and in the amounts spent on energy efficiency (additional investments). Chapters 4 to 6 analyze the extent to which natural and industrial risk prevention policies based on preventive information (sellers’ disclosure, Information Acquéreur Locataire, IAL) and land-use planning (Plan de Prévention des Risques, PPR) impact real estate markets in exposed areas, and thus affect households’ risk perception and their residential choices
Laporte, Sylvie. "Le double visage des inventions biotechnologiques, une source potentielle de risques majeurs." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686457.
Dudoy-Pichery, Céline. "L'approche économique des politiques de prévention des risques liés à la dégradation de l'environnement et à ses effets sur la santé humaine. Cas d'étude : l'application de l'Analyse Coût Bénéfice en vue de réduire l'exposition au plomb et au méthylmercure dans la population infantile française." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0134/document.
The environment has changed considerably in recent decades due to economic development. These changes have been accompanied by positive effects but also negative because people are exposed to many chemicals, some of which pose health risks. The environmental degradation and its adverse health effects have gradually led policy makers to become aware of the need to engage in development based on an economically sustainable growth model. In this context, prevention policies in environmental health I should be based on a comprehensive approach mobilizing various scientific fields, from toxicology to social sciences through engineering and environmental ecology. In France, public policies hardly use the economic approach as a tool for decision support. Now, the contribution of this approach is undeniable: it may, in particular, measure the reduction of social welfare associated with the health effects of exposure. Economic evaluation can help economic agents disclose their willingness to pay in order to avoid a degradation of their health or welfare, by giving a monetary value on these externalities. In addition to helping decision, it also provides useful and necessary items for public discussion. In this thesis, we selected the Impact Pathway Analysis (IPA) as an assessment method because it precisely defines the nature, magnitude and probability of a given environmental hazard and integrates the economic assessment to measure the monetary impact of reducing risk. This thesis is based on two examples of the effects of environmental pollution on children's health, the cases of lead and mercury, and seeks to highlight the validity of integrating economic evaluation in the process of public decision. Exposure to lead and mercury affects the health of children and may cause serious side effects, such as cognitive and behavioral disorders. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the economic impact of the exposure of the French child population to these pollutants, and to highlight the costs and benefits of measures that would reduce the risks. To do this, we selected the Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), which encompasses a cost optimization assessment. The first results of the evaluation show that public policy focused on reducing exposure to these pollutants would achieve monetary benefits of several billion Euros per year as shown by the two first papers presented in the thesis1.2. These benefits include a reduction in future medical expenses and of the burden of special education of young children, and mainly increased productivity of the latter during their adult life. Assessing the costs of investments in programs to reduce emissions of pollutants is useful for public decision so that costs of intervention and the benefit of this reduction can be weighed. Different interventions are possible to reduce emissions and / or exposures: "regulation - emission permits - information" and have different costs and efficiencies. A third paper shows net negative benefits in the case of removal of water pipes containing lead. In a context of allocating scarce resources, the pursuit of efficiency in public policy requires to consider the return on investment, which is allowed by economic evaluation. Following the empirical work in the three articles, the general discussion comes back on contributions, limits and prospects of integration in the economic evaluation of prevention policies and environmental risks of their neurotoxic effects on the health of children
Muralidhara, Anitha. "Physico-chemical safety issues pertaining to biosourced furanics valorization with a focus on humins as biomass resource." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2508.
The present research work was integrated as part of the EU-funded project named HUGS (HUmins as Green and Sustainable precursors for eco-friendly building blocks and materials), involving 5 main partners (Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques - France, Avantium - the Netherlands, Institut de Chimie de Nice - France, Universidad De Cordoba- Spain and Leibniz - Institut Fur Katalyse Ev An Der Universitat Rostock- Germany). The project is essentially supported through five European Industrial Doctorate fellowships put in place when the HUGS-MSCA-ITN-2015 program was launched in 2016. The primary objective of the HUGS project was to explore several valorization pathways of so-called “humins” in order to add value and create better business cases. Humins (and similarly lignins) are the side products that may become low-cost feedstock resulting from a number of future biorefineries and sugar conversion processes. Humins are complex residues resulting from the Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration and condensation of sugars, having furan-rings in their polymeric structures. The work presented in this specific part of the HUGS project is essentially focusing on safety-related topics of all components and subsequent applications related to sugar dehydration technology. Priority actions were devoted to a first insight on the characterization of physicochemical safety profiles of the side-product humins and main (parent) furanic products. Some members of this large family of compounds (e.g. RMF and FDCA) have high volume potential which results in opening new doors towards the development of furanbased building blocks and a bio-based economy. Humins are residues or side products which can be burnt for energy. However, its safe and sustainable use in high-value applications could also become a key milestone in the so-called circular economy. In practice, the work has been developed in two main locations: primarily at the INERIS lab, located in Verneuil-en-Halatte and at Avantium, located in Amsterdam. Nearly all experimental research after the production of the components at Avantium was performed at INERIS. This involved the evaluation of physicochemical hazards of both humins (crude industrial humins and humin foams obtained by thermal curing) and a series of furanic compounds. Avantium is involved in the commercialization of humins, furanics and furanic polymers/materials as novel chemicals and materials. The work has encompassed: An extensive bibliographical review of humins, furanics, and their related products (polymers, composites) resulted in the following main conclusions o A lack of physicochemical safety-oriented studies for many furanic compounds and for humins was observed as these products are still in the early stage of development and only a few may be commercialized in the next 5 years.o Despite the limited availability of safety-related data, more studies on toxicity aspects have been conducted for a selected number of furanics than physicochemical safety-related aspects. o A few furanic family members that have been evaluated as biofuel components were found to have given better emphasis on addressing some physicochemical safety attributes. o Every modification of the process for acid-catalyzed sugar dehydration (such as solvent, temperature, residence time and sugar concentration) will result in different humins, which would certainly demand further characterization and safety profiling of the resulting humins. • Analytical development integrating the first examination of flash point distribution versus the Net Heating Values, and analysis of total heats of combustion of furanic compounds. • Design and development of experimental plan addressing the safety-related key parameters such as thermal stability, self-heating risks, fire-risk-assessment and flammability limits depending on the need for specific tests and availability of the test samples
Viale, Béatrice. "LE STATUT JURIDIQUE DE L'ALIMENTATION EN DROIT COMMUNAUTAIRE - DROIT DE L'ALIMENTATION." Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00106335.
Une remise en cause de cette approche est manifeste depuis le déclenchement de la crise de la " Vache folle " en mars 1996. Crise de prime abord conjoncturelle, elle a eu de nombreuses implications notamment quant au mode d'appréhension de tout le secteur alimentaire, dont elle invite à revisiter le statut juridique.
Largement réorganisé, celui-ci tend à devenir le cadre d'une action cohérente grâce à la consécration de la notion de chaîne alimentaire et au développement d'instruments adaptés à la gestion des risques. De plus, la poursuite de l'objectif de sécurité alimentaire oriente désormais toute l'action communautaire fondée sur les principes de précaution et de prévention. Ces nouvelles orientations devront être pleinement articulées avec les exigences des accords multilatéraux conclus dans le cadre de l'OMC et, par ailleurs, elles confortent, peu à peu, les droits à la protection de la santé et à l'information reconnus aux consommateurs. Faudrait-il au-delà leur reconnaître un droit fondamental à la sécurité ?
Nguyen, Quoc Bao. "Fiabilité des installations industrielles sous impact de fragments de structures - Effet domino." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551266.