Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Politique culturelle – États-Unis – 20e siècle'
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Dubosclard, Alain. "L'action culturelle de la France aux Etat-Unis, de la première guerre mondiale à la fin des années 1960." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010677.
Full textMartel, Frédéric. "De la culture en Amérique : politique publique, philanthropie privée et intérêt général dans le système culturel américain." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0083.
Full textIn order to analyze the complexity of the « American cultural system », this PhD dissertation begins in Part I (“Government of the arts”) with the role of the government following the creation of the federal arts agencies, examines the decline of these agencies, and deciphers the “cultural politics” (“politiques de la culture”) of subsequent American administrations to the present day. At the same time, the role of state and local governments is analyzed within the context of the decentralized mechanisms of arts funding. By this point, the limited role of the public sector becomes more comprehensible, for reasons that include the democratic ideal itself. In Part II (“Society and the arts”), this dissertation looks at philanthropy, foundations and the important role of universities play in the arts. Through hundreds of archival documents (among 434 as appendices) and more than seven hundred interviews in 35 states and 110 American cities, the American cultural model” appears in all its singularity and complexity, largely “nonprofit”, neither dependent on the state, nor truly influenced by the market
Le, Mat Jean-Pierre. "Rupture culturelle et continuité identitaire : Porto Rico face au changement de souveraineté de 1898." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20006.
Full textIn 1898, putting an end to four centuries of Spanish rule, the United States take possession of the island of Puerto Rico and start a process of profound transformation. The aim of the present study is to explore the aspects of a cultural contact. Part 1, visions and revisions of a foundation period, 1868-1898, is a general assessment of the situation of the island at the end of the 19h century. The feelings of national identity voiced by Puerto Rican patriots in the 20th century is largely based on the idea that Puerto Rico had acquired a distinct and valuable identity before 1898. It is useful to assess the validity of such claims. The stress is laid on the diversity of images of the island at the end of the 19th century. It appears that Puerto Ricans felt a strong attraction towards the United States. Part 2, cultural problems in the new colonial environment, 1898-1930. Focuses on the reactions of Puerto Ricans to their new situation, on their attitudes to modernity and tradition. The results of three decades of intense + americanization ; seem rather limited. Are those limitations due to inertia ? To cultural resistance ? Could the approach by the united states have been wrong ? A strong national movements gathers strength during the period 1898-1930. It is led by polititians and writers who express the need to preserve and develop a specific puerto rican identity rooted in the past. Is this merely a reaction of the local elites who see their power threatened or does it mean that the people of Puerto Rico have deeply felt the need to preserve their cultural integrity ?
Leblond, Christian. "L'accord de libre-échange Nord Américain et l'identité culturelle américaine : discours économique et politique." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE2028.
Full textHeimendinger, Nicolas. "L’Etat contre la norme : le tournant des institutions publiques vers l’art d’avant-garde, 1959-1977 (Allemagne de l’Ouest, Etats-Unis, France)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA080002.
Full textThe 1960s and 1970s are commonly regarded as the period of transition from modern art to contemporary art. My research aims to characterize this change, not only in terms of stylistic evolutions, but as a profound reconfiguration of the institutional structures of the art field. One of its main factors consists in the expansion of public intervention in the contemporary art field, following the general development of cultural policies in all the Western liberal democracies at that time. A crucial feature of this rapprochement between contemporary art and public institutions is the choice shared by many organizations to promote avant-garde art. Support to the most recent artistic innovations and recognition of their most unconventional aspects are the two faces of this evolution, which has also benefited to some radical historical avant-gardes that were previously neglected. This reorientation represents a major break in the history of the avant-gardes, which originated in a radical opposition to any official authorities, and can explain the exhaustion of their dynamics at the end of the 1970s. It also marks a turning point in the long history of the relationship between state and culture, and can be seen as a symptom of a broader redefinition of high culture.The investigation into the causes of this change has highlighted the determining role of the public intermediaries to whom artistic decisions are delegated, in order to prevent any state control on public tastes. Because these intermediaries draw their legitimacy primarily from the art field, their choices led to import the values of the avant-garde into public institutions. From the end of the 1960s, this mechanism has been intensified by the effects of the increasing demands to democratize the art world: for lack of being able to fully answer these claims for cultural democracy (or in order to circumvent them), these intermediaries have emphasized their support to unconventional art as a mean to demonstrate, at least, their solidarity with the contemporary protests against sociocultural hierarchies
ApRoberts, Lucy. "Salariat et retraite aux États-Unis." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010047.
Full textBéland, Daniel. "Une sécurité libérale ? : fédéralisme et politique des retraites aux Etats-Unis." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0073.
Full textPiorkowski, Sandrine. "L'eugénisme et les politiques de santé publique aux Etats-Unis, 1870-1932." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10028.
Full textDescout, Emilie Céline. "Les groupes cubains à Miami, 1981-2001 : stratégies pour influencer l'opinion publique et la politique extérieure américaine envers Cuba." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE1067.
Full textSince the 1960s, Miami has become the home of the opposition groups to the Castro regime. The study of these groups from 1981 until 2001 shows that the two dominant opposition networks, that is to say the isolationists and the moderates, tried to have a political and media influence in four areas : the Cuban enclave of Miami, Cuba, the United States and the the transnational space. If the Cuban groups in Miami formed real networks and powerful lobbies, why couldn't they manage to destabilize the Castro regime ? The main hypothesis is that they couldn't form a strong opposition movement against Fidel Castro because they were divided by inner tensions that undermined the efficiency of their oppositional strategies
Georgel, Pierre-Desmond. "Politique étrangère des États-Unis et politique pétrolifère de l'Aramco en Arabie Saoudite de 1943 à 1973." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030115.
Full textGourbe, Géraldine. "Prolégomènes à une réflexion sur l'être-ensemble : analyse critique de la performance nord-américaine des années 70-80." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100089.
Full textWe questioned political and aesthetic links between artistic performance and feminist speeches from the critical analysis of a North American artistic and feminist collective of the seventies and the eighties, the Feminist Art Program. We located our research about art and feminism, at first, in the epistemologic context of the queer theory's spreading in North America then Europe, a theory who favoured rapprochement between performance and questions of gender identity. We considered then another reading of feminist performances by considering them to be productions being recovering from conventions, from contexts of appearance and from exchanges configurant of alternatives for a group-being. The collective experience of the Feminist Art Program is in this title a peculiar example. We finally set out to show that feminist and artistic practice is not reserved for the only problems of the woman and gender, but on the contrary participates in a global politic which question the society as a whole
Hamadouche, Seltana. "Les groupe d'intérêt public américains : étendue et limites d'un contre-pouvoir." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30028.
Full textThe study of public interest groups highlights a political reality: American politics turns around a certain number of powers relating to three axes: business groups, governmental agencies and public interest groups. However, this category of groups and the “public interest movement” which represents them, remain little studied despite their impact. This thesis focuses on the analysis of this movement; by means of a historical study and an empirical analysis based on a sample of eight public interest groups, we want to demonstrate the necessity of this movement in the political system without forgetting its importance or disregarding its limits
Korzilius, Pierre. "Soutien public et programmation de musique contemporaine en France, en Allemagne, au Royaume-Uni et aux Etats-Unis." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0100.
Full textRoesch, Laurent. "Le retour des "classes dangereuses" aux Etats-Unis : politique sociale et politisation de la loi et de l'ordre à New York, Philadelphie et Washington (1993-2003)." Metz, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006METZ002L.
Full textSince the 1960s, crime has become a major preoccupation in the United States. Blamed for violence in cities and compared to new “dangerous classes”, some groups are demonized by some of the media and disproportionately incarcerated. Starting in the 1980s, under the influence of a few conservative think tanks, the United States have moved towards a repressive penal State which benefits a number of private companies, and the social benefits obtained as part of the New Deal and Great Society programs have been gradually dismantled. Tough-on-crime policies and the welfare reform law passed by Congress in 1996 aim therefore at substituting welfare for a more repressive form of social control. In 1993, the fight against crime became a major electoral issue in New York and the new mayor made law and order and workfare his main goals. After analyzing the economic, social, and political contexts in New York, Philadelphia, and Washington, D. C. , this doctoral dissertation compares policies aimed at assisting the poor and measures intended to fight crime in these three cities from 1993 to 2003. Despite a less favorable economic and social context, the mayors of Philadelphia and Washington, rather than adopting a zero tolerance policy on the New York model, opted for successful preventive community-oriented solutions. This study also shows that workfare policies imposed by Congress, which have been much more repressive in New York than in Philadelphia and Washington, have not significantly reduced poverty and social insecurity in spite of a favorable economic climate
Michelot, Vincent. "Les nominations à la cour suprême des Etats-Unis (1937-1987) : aspects politiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10079.
Full textNguyen, Trong Thuy. "L'érosion de la puissance américaine dans le monde : élémentsd'explication." Paris 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA020079.
Full textThe only world power at the end of the Second World War, the U. S. Has known in the last fifteen years a profound change that has affected if not reversed its dominant role. If U. S. Globalism and interventionism have contributed, during the first twenty or twenty-five years of the postwar period, to maintain stability and permitted a spectacular development of the western economy, the American involvement in the Vietnam conflict has finally brought about the exhaustion of its power, with domestic as well as international implications. On the domestic plane, the country's problems have expressed themselves in the American people's drive for retrenchment, the crisis of institutions and the crisis of leadership. On the international plane, the world system has changed from the rigid bipolar configuration of the cold war period to an increasingly multipolar setting, with the emergence of new regional powers (China, but also Europe and Japan which became more than recalcitrant allies), and the revolt of small and middle-size states (energy crisis and demands for a new international economic order). Moreover, from the second-half of the 1970s, we are witnessing an incomparable expansion of soviet power and influence in the area of third world conflicts. In the face of the new soviet military threat, and with the allies unwilling to follow Washington's choices and advices, the U. S. Are inclined more and more toward unilateral action (case of the Reagan administration)
Marcotte, René. "Politique commerciale Américaine et délégation législative, 1920-1993." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25457/25457.pdf.
Full textZask, Joëlle. "Enquête sur les enjeux politiques de l'opinion publique : John Dewey et la science politique de son temps." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081421.
Full textWhat is or what should be the political function of the public in a modern liberal democracy? this work is a twofold inquiry about the correlation between the way public opinion is defined and the way democracy is construed. The first part opposes a process of depolitization of public opinion that was initiated by earlier american political science during the twenties. Backing itself on a refutation of classical liberal anthropology, this science ended up in interposing a body of experts between the public and the government. On the contrary, as shown in the second part, john dewey's philosophy aimed at reconstructing the inchoate public into the conscious, socially minded and politically active public without which the continuity of a democratic associated experience would no longer be possible. This priority forms the core of the public and its problems, the more important text of john dewey's political theory. But it's also a priority one can discover in every aspect of dewey's pragmatism: in his social psychology, which insists on the social conditions of "the development of individuality" and preludes a cultural anthropology; in his philosophy of experience, which substitutes for the determinist scheme an interaction scheme; also in his knowledge theory according to which what is known is the product of a subject activity, while pragmatic ethics shows that freedom is reached only by the individual exercising of freedom; in his education philosophy which seeks to transform the schools into an agency for promoting a community of inquirers; lastly in his political thought, which subordinates political activities to an experimental identifying of the fluctuating limit between the public and the private
Pujoll, Claude J. "De la nouvelle frontière à la grande société : une étude de la lutte contre la pauvreté sous la présidence de John F. Kennedy et Lyndon B. Johnson." Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30034.
Full textThe purpose of the research has been 1) to study the historical causes which led to the situation prevalent in 1961-68 as well as the extent of poverty in the united states; 2) to examine in depth the war on poverty declared by president kennedy and pursued by president johnson, and to explore the scope and nature of the law applicable to the poor within the constitution, primarily as that law is found in welfare codes, statutes, ordinances, programs and administrations, and to report the efforts being made by the federal, state and local governments to assist the poor; 3) to provide a critical review of the rules and procedures, doctrines and presuppositions of the law applicable to the poor within the framework of the economic opportunity act of 1964. Suggestions for improving existing systems of assistance and for entirely new ones have also been discussed
Quanquin, Hélène. "Le débat sur l'avortement aux Etats-Unis et au Canada depuis la fin des années 1960 : évocation d'un conflit politique." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030045.
Full textAchcar, Gilbert. "L'empire et l'argent : essai sur les fondements de la stratégie impériale des Etats-Unis d'Amérique." Paris 8, 1993. http://octaviana.fr/accs-restreint.
Full textThis thesis examines the foundations of the foreign policy of the united states within the context of the current debate on the decline of the american empire. In the first section, a general framework is defined: that of the historic margin for manoeuvre at the disposal of the united states which rules out any deterministic "economist" (money) prognosis regarding the future of the empire. The current configuration of the world political system - since 1990 perceived as a "unipolar moment" for the united states (ch. 1) - leads to an examination, from a methodological point of view, of "declinist" theories as well as theories of long cycles in history, politics and in economics (ch. 2). Concepts linked to the very idea of imperial strategy are defined (ch. 3): empire, imperial, imperialism; power, domination, hegemony; and issues of hegemonic strategy. The second section section examines the driving forces of american foreign policy. A theoretical introduction deals with the analysis of the state and the question of its autonomy with respect to the dominant class (ch. 4). It leads to an analysis of the real historic process of the formation of the american imperial state (ch. 5), which brings to light the key role of the second world war. From this flows an
Bouchard, Valérie. "L'influence des conditions économiques et de l'enforcement sur l'immigration clandestine : le cas du Mexique et des États-Unis." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24068/24068.pdf.
Full textPalmiste, Claire. "L'adoption d'enfants autochtones par des familles blanches aux États-Unis : Origines et conséquences." Antilles-Guyane, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0292.
Full textThe removal of South-Eastern tribes, the criteria that define enrolment, urbanization and the boarding school systems represented what Rapahel Lemkin called: “a coordinated plan of different actions aiming at the destruction of essential foundations of the life of national groups, with the aim of annihilating the group themselves”. Theses actions impacted on Native communities, as they were deprived of their children. For from being the consequences of colonialism, the transracial adoption of Native children can be viewed as the continuity of a genocide that started with territorial expansion. Funded by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and managed by the Child Welfare League of America, the Indian Adoption Project which initially purported to place 395 Native children in white families encouraged adoption agencies to carry out these adoptions nationwide. In 1968, the Association on American Indian Affairs denounced that situation, bringin evidences that Native children were discriminated owing to the per capita rate of removal. In 1978, Congress voted the Indian Child Welfare Act, in order to protect the interest of the tribes and the children. It demands that Native children be placed in their communities in priority. Some States refuse to comply with the law, putting forward the concept of the “existing family doctrine”. It suggests that cultural links are more important than blood links. Our study shows a curb in the removal of Native children from 2000-2003, but the foster care placements in Minnesota are still high. The high rate of placements could be explained by family instability
Abouyoub, Younes. "Face à la Doxa : la mobilisation des arabes américains et la politique étrangère des Etats-Unis au Moyen Orient." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070023.
Full textThis study focuses on Arab-Americans' political participation and their mobilization to influence U. S. Foreign policy in the Middle East. I argue that Arab-Americans had to adapt gradually their political praxis to the "rules of the game" which ironically maintain them in a position of dominated subjects, since only actors whose discourse is legitimized by the social hierarchy can aspire to a political opinion. To become legitimate and be able to advance an alternative political discourse, Arab-American organizations ended up caving in to and interiorizing the established order and hence compelled themselves to a chronic inefficient political praxis. Through a thorough analysis of the endogenous and exogenous variables that characterize Arab-American political praxis, I establish that Arab-Americans are to this day unable to influence the formulation of U. S. Foreign policy in the Middle East, a policy which has never been progressive or amenable to the Aspirations of third-world peoples, which in turn refutes the theory of the pro-lsrael lobby as the main factor behind U. S. Policy in the Middle East. Finally, as long as Arab-Americans do not seriously adopt an alternative discourse, as the only way to break free from domination, and in the absence of sound alliance with other dominated ethnic minorities, they will be condemned to a chronic inefficient political praxis
Tremblay, Patrice. "La faillite du libéralisme et le consensus anticommuniste : l'opposition au maccarthysme à la Chambre des représentants, 1950-1954." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28584.
Full textDiouf, Abdourahmane. "Esthétique, politique et éthique : la création littéraire dans l’œuvre romanesque de John Steinbeck." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LEMA3008.
Full textJohn Steinbeck’s works cannot be reduced to a strict aesthetic or ideological categorization. They are often studied at the crossroads of colourful styles that intermingle and clash, in order to grasp the substratum of the work behind its varieties. The challenge of this thesis is to study the link between aesthetics, politics and ethics, starting not from the writer's political positions but from the works themselves, in order to analyze the ways in which these notions can be dynamically and progressively highlighted as the work unfolds over four decades. Moving from the lyrical and picaresque novel to the social novel (particularly Tortilla Flat and the Dust Bowl Novels trilogy: In Dubious Battle, Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath), John Steinbeck makes it possible for a political critique to be constructed in his work based on a questioning of the linearity of narrative discourse. Like the form of the discourse, the narrative “content” conveys and develops a political vision that substitutes for the American Dream and its utopian “Melting Pot” a more realistic sociopolitical structure in which one perceives “two opposing classes”, by virtue of the system of capitalist domination. Steinbeck reworked the novel genre to develop a providential, humanist and anti-capitalist vision. By testing the notions of plot, protagonist (or “hero”) and temporality, he placed this political critique at the very heart of the writing process, inviting readers to take a fresh look at his more “political” works of the 1930s and 1950s, and at the links between modernism, political engagement and ecology. Although some of his works are radically contested, he has made constant use of the myth of origins. This recourse to the mythical thoughts of the founding American texts acts as a hyphen allowing him to deconstruct literarily the dominant political discourses of his society
Belabes, Abderrazak. ""Compétitivité nationale" : archéologie d'une notion et d'un débat." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0009.
Full textBourliaguet, Bruno. "Le conseil scientifique à la Maison-Blanche : acteurs, fonctions, pouvoirs." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27363.
Full textLa question du développement et de l'institutionnalisation du conseil scientifique de la présidence américaine constitue le coeur de cette thèse. Elle se situe au croisement de la sociologie de la science et de la sociologie politique, tout en débordant sur celles des élites, des organisations, de l'innovation et du développement durable. Elle commence par écrire l'histoire de cette institution depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale en suivant à la fois les réorganisations administratives dont elle a été l'objet et les enjeux politiques qu'elle a cristallisés. Elle le fait en l'intégrant à l'histoire plus générale des transformations marquantes de la société américaine. Cette mise en perspective permet de justifier une périodisation qui se synchronise en grande partie aux mutations qui affectent la première économie mondiale et qui divisent l'histoire du conseil scientifique à la Maison-Blanche en trois grandes époques : de 1933 à 1974, de 1974 à 1989 et de 1989 à 2016. Dans un second temps, la thèse propose une sociographie des conseillers qui travaillent au sein du bureau exécutif du président. En privilégiant l'analyse comparative entre les première et dernière périodes, cette étude révèle une modification sensible du recrutement en matière d'âge, de reconnaissance académique, de réalisation professionnelle et de représentation disciplinaire. Elle permet surtout de repérer l'apparition d'un nouveau type de conseiller, à savoir le scientifique qui a réussi une carrière d'entrepreneur en valorisant une innovation technologique. L'analyse suggère que cette évolution, comme celle des conditions formelles et informelles de l'exercice du conseil, traduit l'apparition d'un nouveau type d'intégration de la science, de la technologie et de l'économie guidée par la priorisation de la croissance et du développement. Pour mieux comprendre cette intégration, la thèse étudie ensuite les fonctions formelles du conseil scientifique et celles que l'analyse peut reconstruire. Dégagées de leur contingence, on verra que ces dernières changent peu sur l'ensemble de la période. Le conseil de la présidence sert de façon régulière à légitimer, crédibiliser et faire performer les politiques suivies par l'exécutif américain, mais surtout à officialiser des politiques pour les élever au titre de référence. Ce faisant, en même temps qu'il traduit la nouvelle fonction de la technoscience dans les domaines militaire et économique, le conseil scientifique qui s'exerce au sein de l'exécutif de la première puissance mondiale participe d'un élargissement décisif de la réflexion sur l'exercice du pouvoir, d'un élargissement de cet exercice, de la circulation de cet exercice qui accompagne sa rationalisation dans les temps modernes et qui depuis le XVIIIe siècle se cantonnait pour l'essentiel à un détour par la science de l'économie politique. Se pose alors avec acuité la question de l'étendue des pouvoirs de ces conseillers au sein du gouvernement, une question qui est traitée ici au croisement de différentes théories proposées par les politistes, les philosophes et les sociologues, de Mintzberg à Foucault en passant par Bourdieu. Même si elle conclut à la relative inaptitude du pouvoir technocratique à se cristalliser en se personnalisant, la thèse n'entend nullement minimiser sa réalité ni le pouvoir plus spécifique qu'exercent les conseillers. Elle tend en effet à reconnaître une forme particulière de pouvoir technocratique, délégué et institué par le pouvoir politique, celui des conseillers, qu'elle qualifie de « pouvoir d'influence ». Elle précise les conditions d'affirmation de cette influence, circonscrit son périmètre d'expression et discute de sa nature. De manière concrète, elle offre d'éclairer sous un jour différent les politiques actuelles de la présidence Obama conduites par des technocrates que cette administration a abondamment recrutés, comme celle d'une transition énergétique jugée vitale pour freiner le réchauffement climatique. En fait, elle dévoile les ambiguïtés de la fonction de la science dans le développement économique dit « durable ». Elle tend encore à montrer que loin de constituer un exercice moral de la démocratie, mais loin aussi de représenter une atteinte irrémédiable à ses valeurs, les biais de gouvernance découverts par l'analyse relèvent surtout de la pratique « normale » du gouvernement. Finalement, la thèse suggère de considérer les transformations qui affectent le recrutement, les fonctions et les pouvoirs des conseillers scientifiques de la Maison-Blanche comme révélatrices des mutations de la production technoscientifique et des adaptations de la stratification de la communauté scientifique américaine, phénomènes à la source de conflits en gestation.
Moreau, Florence. "Pour une histoire culturelle du magazine "LIFE" dans les années 1950 : mythe, photojournalisme et rhétorique de l'image au service d'une culture visuelle américaine." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070056.
Full textAs a leading 20 Century American photojournalism magazine, Life benefits from a prestigious aura turning it into an iconic entity — in press history, scholars usually refer to Life as a paragon of picture magazine when in the meantime Life plays a part in collective history as a Visual record of 20th Century American society -. The first part of this doctoral dissertation dedicated to examining the historiography of Life, explores the emblematic status held by Life, both on the academic field of press history and American studies. As a mainstream culture artifact, and under the impulsion of the counterculture of the 1960s, Life has largely been criticized for being a conservative media. Due to a dissatisfaction with the ideological critique towards Life — which often reduces the study of its editorial content to political issues — the second part of this work focuses on Life's editorial practices, so as to understand how its news content serves the establishment of a Visual culture, rather than offers a sole political statement. These first two parts are preliminary to the main purpose of this doctoral dissertation, which is to identify and analyze the main stakes that are raised when considering Life as a cultural artifact. Thus, the scope of the third part is to investigate Life's use of photography as means to celebrate and evaluate the cultural references the magazine highlights. The corpus of this investigation is a series of case studies, based on a selection of photo-essays published in Life during the early 1950s, when the magazine reached its golden age, so as to revisit this overrated area
Courouble-Share, Stéphanie. "Le négationnisme et son émergence dans l'espace public : analyse comparative : France, Angleterre, Allemagne et Etats-Unis (1946-1981)." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070078.
Full textThe denial of the Holocaust is an anti-Semitic and anti-Zionist ideology originating in the second half of the 20th century which dismisses the Jewish genocide by the Nazis. Its adherents posit that the survivors, the "Jewish Conspiracy" and the Allies synchronized their version of events in creating the "lie" of the genocide in order to obtain financial restitutions from Germany and further the creation of Israel. After the end of World War II, deniers' declarations appeared principally in Europe and in North America, undergoing radicalization in the Sixties. In 1979, Holocaust deniers formed an international organization, with the next decades being distinguished by the publicity of this phenomenon and related legal proceedings. Holocaust denial evolves in relation with society. During the above span of fifty years, it appears interesting to observe ail of the reactions of politicians, associations, intellectuals, and media of numerous countries involved, France, Germany, England and the United States. Analysis of the matter necessitates reflection on the genocide's history in the collective conscience of these democracies. When faced with deniers' rhetoric; they are simultaneously confronted with the Nazi crime while some are responsible for it. On several occasions, the phenomenon becomes a political issue, with each controversy pitting the sides against each other in an effort to distinguish themselves from their adversaries. Finally, the issue has been intensified by the fact that where the denial of the Holocaust is concerned, so too is the Jewish genocide, Israel and ultimately Judaism itself, entities linked historically, symbolically and religiously
Coste, Françoise Hélène. "Le parti républicain new yorkais, ou le bastion du libéralisme républicain (1980-2000)." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30034.
Full textThe republican party from the state of new york left its print on american history as belonging to a school of thought that is traditionnaly liberal republican. Its strong positioning at the left of the ideological spectrum constitutes the logical conclusion for a party which powerfully influenced the radical and progressive movements. The liberal republican movement is usually considered to be dead, a victim of reagan's conservative revolution in the 1980s. Even if the fact that new york's actual republican party definitely relinquished its historical liberalism cannot be denied, numerous traces of this ideology still persist today. Thanks to such leaders as the mayor of new york city since 1994, rudy giuliani, or george pataki, who is the state's governor since 1994, new york's republican party still holds its ideological originality compared to the more traditional american right. Indeed, the two men combine economic conservatism and social and cultural liberalism, which represents the search for a third way in a political world which finds itself more and more polarised
Laguérodie, Stéphanie. "John Kenneth Galbraith, acteur et libre interprète du keynésianisme." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0355.
Full textLhoste, Emilie. "William Randolph Hearst. Un magnat de la presse en politique (1887-1907)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030037.
Full textIn 1887, when William Randolph Hearst became the editorial head of a small daily in San Francisco, no one bothered to notice this well-off young man who admired Joseph Pulitzer’s work. Twenty years later he reigned over a gigantic media empire and held an unquestionable power in politics. In the meantime the paths followed respectively by the United States, the press and W. R. Hearst crossed many times. The United States fully entered what was to become the American Century as a prominent economic, industrial and colonial power, after the 1898 Spanish-American War. The American press underwent dramatic breakthroughs, and was vigorous as ever thanks to unceasing innovations and growing business-oriented practices. Hearst constructed an original career, at the crossroads of media and politics; he knew great successes, bitter defeats and disappointments. Entertaining to some, frightening to others, he was nonetheless the focus for the aspirations of a silent fringe of the population, and conceived his public life as a true story with twists and turns, similar to the stories accounting for the success of "yellow journalism" that constituted Hearst’s ethics and political weapon of choice, despite many criticisms. Beyond fascination, caricature or hasty judgments, his career deserves a reassessment that takes into account the changes affecting the core of American society. Without the help, intended or not, of those major transformations, Hearst’s adventure might not have left such a strong mark on his country’s history: a significant part of the bustling destiny of the United States at the turn of the XXth century, it is also, in many respects, an emblematic one
Jabouin, Evens. "Entre péripéties, luttes et participations : l'émigration des Haïtiens en Floride et en région parisienne au cours du vingtième siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0044.
Full textWhen one mentions the question of the emigration of the Haitians throughout the world, one of the recurrent themes relating to it is that it is almost systematically associated with the years 1960, and more particularly with the advent of Papa Doc to the power in Haiti. As for the favored destinations of the Haitians, there is another recurrent theme which consists of presenting Miami as the bastion of the poor boat people, whereas Paris is regarded as the destination of a more elite Haitian migration or of the persecuted political actors. This study intends to show that what seemed true in Paris during the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century has not been the case for already a few decades. Going back to the first wave of emigration towards Cuba in the years 1910, it shows that the emigration of the Haitians precedes Duvalier, and examines the issue relating to the hosting and the settlement of recent waves of Haitian immigrants in France, in the United States and elsewhere. Regarded as undesirable, they were received rather unfavorably in their respective countries of reception. Nevertheless, recently, the Haitians abroad are shifting from their status of the undesirable poor to that of an influential and respectable group. In Florida today, the Haitians have come to be an important municipal players, elected to the head city institutions which has long been inaccessible to them. In the Paris region, the Haitians have not had equivalent electoral and political success, because they are less visible socially. But they have been, in recent years, part for a very encouraging sociocultural dynamic
Ribieras, Amélie. "Le discours socioculturel et les pratiques militantes des conservatrices aux États-Unis. Le cas de Phyllis Schlafly et Eagle Forum." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030048.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the sociocultural discourse as well as the militant activities championed by conservativewomen in the United States, through the specific example of Phyllis Schlafly (1924-2016) and her organization EagleForum. This conservative activist mobilized her peers by drawing from her personal experiences, especially in theRepublican Party, and from ideological principles crafted by the conservative movement. Her personal trajectory,between conformity to social norms and involvement in the political arena, is discussed in parallel with the rise ofconservatism and in the context of the 1960s-70s social protest. In the face of thriving social movements, and more particularly feminism, which advocated women’s liberation, conservative women also resorted to collective action in order to protect what they saw as the traditional family construct, characterized by a strict division of work by sex. In their vision, the man is meant to be the sole breadwinner, ensuring the economic viability of the home, while the woman is a homemaker, taking care of home and children. In 1972, conservative women opposed the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which aimed to secure equality between the sexesin the U.S. Constitution. Phyllis Schlafly founded STOP ERA that same year, and Eagle Forum in 1975, in order tospread the conservative message and provide conservative women, often homemakers, with an organization into whichthey could channel their activism. Phyllis Schlafly crafted a strongly antifeminist discourse that opposed the feminists’ intention to liberate women and reform the family, and she advocated for traditional sociocultural norms that she considered beneficial to women. Thanks to appropriate collective action frames, coupled with her ability to manipulate emotions, she was able to spread her ideas throughout the country, especially with the use of her newsletter The Phyllis Schlafly Report.In order to strengthen her organization and insure her legacy, Schlafly also devised collective practices such as emotionalsupport and the construction of memory, thus developing a unique militant culture. She also established herself as anabsolute leader, solely at the forefront of the conservative women’s movement
Rochette, Vincent. "Haro sur "l'empire du mal" : l'antiaméricanisme politique des intellectuels français au cours de l'ère post-guerre froide, 1989-2006." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24753/24753.pdf.
Full textPlanchou, Céline. "Entre exception et assimilation : le statut des amérindiens aux Etats-Unis à travers le prisme de la protection de l'enfance, 1950-2008." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070105.
Full textOur study is an analysis of the evolution of Indian child welfare policies since the 1950s, and more particularly of the interactions between the different levels of government involved to try and better understand the status of Native Americans in the United States. Do the power relations that are shaped participate in recognizing the special status of tribes and of Native American children or in assimilating them? Child welfare is an interesting point of view from which examining these questions given its dual component, both administrative and judicial, and given the many levels of government at play (federal, tribal, state, and local). In the middle of the twentieth century, the legal and administrative maze surrounding Indian child welfare ended up excluding tribes from the decisions affecting their children and enabled states to de facto encroach on tribal sovereignty, thus creating the circumstances for the massive removal of Native children from their families and the increasing number of placements in non-Indian foster | and adoptive families. In 1978, the United States Congress adopted the Indian Child Welfare Act which asserted the authority of tribal governments on their minor members. The federal law also recognized the power of tribes to organize for the welfare of their children and established standards for state courts and state agencies when dealing with Native American children, thus reshaping power relationships
Béliveau-Beaulac, Victor Amadeus. "Conserver l'influence acquise : les États-Unis face à des dictatures amies en péril." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31905.
Full textJournoud, Pierre. "Les relations franco-américaines à l'épreuve du Vietnam entre 1954 et 1975 : de la défiance dans la guerre à la coopération pour la paix." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010650.
Full textFraixe, Catherine. "Art français ou art européen ? : l'histoire de l'art moderne en France : culture, politique et récits historiques, 1900-1960." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0115.
Full textThis thesis studies a series of « histories of modern art », which circulated in France between 1900 and 1960, as a « hypertext» whose transformations can be understood as political reinterpretations of the same question, that is the form of the community they« describe ». Thus in the first half of the XX th Century, those narratives establish complex relations, and sharp distinctions, between «nation» and «Europe », «people» and «elites », «ethnic groups» and «races ». The organicist model the Third Republic favoured around 1900 and which triumphed al the Salon d'Automne would structure during three decades a narrative which referred either to the so-called psychology of the peoples or to the creative power of an elite, which according to the Action française, would save a Western Civilisation rooted in a Latin tradition. At the end of 1920s, the imperialist model of a « French Europe », dear to the maurrassians, coexisted with a narrative stressing the ethnic caracteristics of each « Europeân people ». Ln the early 30s, the political myth of a Latin Civilisation was at last dispeIIed in favour of the biological conception of a « Latin Europe » composed of ethnie groups belonging to the same « racial type ». A new « history of art» was designed to spread ideas similar to those of the diverse European fascisms. The «history of modern art », focused on international avant-gardes expressing the values of the « free world », that American and European groups tried to impose in the early 1950s, would then conflict not only with nationalist representations but also with the supranational, ethno-racial, « European » models of the interwar period
Renault-Monin, Magali. "Théodore Roosevelt, personnage de caricature : les moments clés de la satire politique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA142/document.
Full textSeveral studies of the media coverage of Theodore Roosevelt’s personal, public and private life reveal that he attracted more media attention than many of his successors. The importance of the contribution of even the most caustic cartoonists to his enduring popularity for thirty years should not be underestimated. There are reasons to believe that no other president offered a more constant and delightful source of inspiration. The objective of this dissertation is to contextualize several cartooned images of Roosevelt within the growing awareness of the power of cartoons on public opinion. When combined with politics, humor becomes a tremendous tool for the spreading of official propaganda or of the opposition’s creed. We will therefore assess the characteristics of political humor during Roosevelt’s age and how it is distinct from other types of criticism of the establishment. We will first present a brief history of political cartoons in Europe and their rise in the United States, followed by a detailed assessment of the legacy of the famous cartoonist Thomas Nast, which represents a « defining moment » in the history of American political cartoons. This will be followed by an evaluation of their impact on Theodore Roosevelt’s political career by means of several case studies of decisive moments. The objective will be to determine whether there is a correlation between Roosevelt’s actions and his media image: mythical cowboy, politician with a national destiny, war hero, controversial chief executive
Balenieri, Camille. "L'art de résister : Chauncey Hare, photographe politique aux États-Unis, des années 1950 à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H031.
Full textThis dissertation is the first monographic study of Chauncey Hare's work and career. Born in 1934 and based in San Francisco, he is a key figure of American documentary photography. Hare's work combines the heritage of the Farm Security Administration, the influence of counter-culture, a strong artistic impetus and anti-capitalist worldview. His photographic career spans two decades, from the mid-1960 to the mid-1980s, but his success in the art world was short-lived : he achieved recognition with his book Interior America published in 1978, which eventually became a landmark for social documentary photography, but his political stance and activism complicated the institutional reception of his work. This dissertation is based on the study of Chauncey Hare's archives, stored at the Bancroft library (University of California-Berkeley) since 2000, and on a series of interviews conducted with him and other cultural players of the Bay Area. It considers Chauncey Hare's oeuvre in itsbroadest dimension, including his visual work, his texts but also his very existence as form of praxis. This large and diverse body of work is anchored in the text of 1960-70s counter-cultural California in which it was born. Art history and cultural history come together in this dissertation, whose aims are to give a first,precise, descriptive and critical overview of this body of work to deconstruct the myth surrounding the artist and to reintegrate the work in its various networks (institutional, intellectual, social). This dissertation is divided to four chronological parts, which cover Chauncey Hare's entire lifespan to date (1934-2019)
Vézina, Catherine. "LA GESTION DE LA MIGRATION MEXICANO-AMÉRICAINE: INTÉRÊTS NATIONAUX ET RÉPONSES RÉGIONALES À UN PROBLÈME BILATÉRAL CROISSANT (1947-1952)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29207/29207.pdf.
Full textAlatassi, Alia. "The instrumentalisation of the environment and the diversionary behaviour in non-conflictual conditions : a case study of the political discourse between the USA and China between 1979 and 2004." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/27000/27000.pdf.
Full textHamizi, Maamar. "La crise algérienne dans les stratégies des puissances occidentales : France - Etats-Unis." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030089.
Full textIn the epoch of the globalization where interrelationship is strong, a national crisis appears as an international affair, what draws away the involvement of third States which become so, by their foreign policies of the decisive elements in evolution and existent of this crisis. To illustrate it, we are interested in Algerian crisis in strategies of western potency, across the analysis of the Algerian policies of France and the United States in political, economic and security domains
Ruget, Vanessa. "La science politique américaine et son association : étude d'une communauté scientifique." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40020.
Full textSmith, Cecilia. "Le sans-abrisme dans le Grand Boston depuis 1980 : métonymie des politiques urbaines états-uniennes?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ2046.
Full textA central city in the Northeast of the United States, the birthplace of John Kennedy and the only state capital where the right to shelter for families is legally binding, Boston has been facing a significant homelessness crisis since the 1980s. Based on most recent estimates, 1,545 individuals were sleeping outside in 2022, in a city which reaches extremely cold temperatures in the winter. Since the 19th century, churches and humanitarian organizations have offered shelter and food to those they were able to welcome. This assistance was reinforced by the construction of over one hundred shelters in Massachusetts at the beginning of the 1980s, to offer temporary support to vulnerable individuals. These transient solutions have therefore been the main source of relief for the homeless population, in a territory made up of marshes and whose urban expansion is limited by the ocean. The increase in the demand for support started outgrowing this temporary relief system, resulting in overcrowded shelters. Localities turned to institutional entities to provide substantial, long-term support. Up until the early 1980s, the majority of homeless people in Boston were men living alone as nomads, free from all contingencies and often suffering from alcoholism. The deinstitutionalization that began in the 1960s resulted in growing homelessness nationwide, as former patients were discharged from hospitals and psychiatric institutions. Boston is endowed with prestigious universities, bank and insurance companies' headquarters, and world-renowned hospitals. However, it remains unable to provide housing to its most humble population, in the context of exponential gentrification and endemic segregation in subsidized housing. The dilapidation of public lodging has incentivized large scale reconstruction programs at the federal level, which have only partially solved the ongoing homeless crisis in Boston. The renovations prevailed over the expected construction of affordable housing units, without rehousing all the previous tenants.The harmonization of public policies as an attempt to fight against homelessness and the lack of proper lodging has been illustrated by a constant and fruitful dialogue between state and local authorities. From Raymond Flynn to Michelle Wu, Boston mayors have collaborated with Democratic and Republican governors alike, in a fiscally conservative and socially progressive state. However, institutions at the forefront of these issues — the Boston Housing Authority or the State branch of HUD — have failed to expand the amount of housing options accessible to the middle and low-income households. The actions of social workers alongside medical and judiciary structures have tried to balance this flawed and unsuccessful process. Shelter directors have united in Continuums of Care, which facilitate the distribution of housing services based on people's needs, by sharing material and human resources. Legal aid services provide support in case of eviction. Besides, the homeless have had access to free medical care since the 1980s. The search for housing alternatives has resulted in the creation of transitory and permanent supportive housing, and has enjoyed partial success through the help of federal / state funding and local policies. Today, Greater Boston is plagued with fragmented geographical housing aid : wealthy suburban areas remain reluctant to modify their zoning laws and exert pressure on local authorities to avoid returning to rent control. The nomadic and isolated individuals of the 1970s-1980s have been replaced with low-income families, whose ever-increasing rents eventually lead to eviction, and vulnerable ethnic and racial minorities.The opioid crisis has recently given local homelessness a new connotation, as well as migrant populations fleeing poverty and war. The combination of these factors is now culminating in Greater Boston, rewriting its social dynamics and urban history
Bengobeyi, Benjamin Jean-Jacques. "La France et les Etats-Unis face à l'Irak et à l'Iran de 1972 à 1982 : comparaison et relations." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H211.
Full textFrance and the United States fascinate the observer of international relations by the complexity and contradictions of their relations, as is paradoxical and sometimes explosive, the love-hate mixing (or perhaps more accurately, attraction-repulsion or friendship-voltage) they contain. This does not prevent the two countries to get together when it cornes to defending freedom. Unlike Spain or Britain, France remains the only major European country to have never been at war against the United States. Yet it is his most unruly ally. France and the US are the worst friends. Also this reflection does the ambition to analyze their relations with Iran and Iraq from 1972 to 1982, as well as prospects of cooperation or competition that resulted. However, one cannot understand these relations only if we admit beforehand that they refer to a different assessment of international situations and interests of both countries
Benzrihem, Robin. "« Yes, I’m a Witch » – 1967-1976 : À l’intersection des musiques populaires et de la seconde vague féministe américaine." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30018/document.
Full textThe punk movement has often been considered the first in American popular music to include a feminist message. However, this dissertation aims at demonstrating that such a message already existed in popular music between 1967 and 1976, as many female singers and musicians took inspiration from the second-wave feminist movement or actively participated in it. This study focuses in particular on the musical careers of Nina Simone, Yoko Ono, Betty Davis and Janis Joplin, and analyses their albums and covers, their concerts and their posters, or interviews given by artists.This work first sheds light on the direct involvement of female singers and musicians in the American second-wave feminist movement. It analyzes the complex dynamics between a movement that has regularly been accused of racism and classism, and artists who linked their career with an involvement in the social movements of their time. The way they dealt with the music industry, the press, and fans is another aspect of their feminist approach. The artists’ image then constitutes a key source of struggles, and these women managed to utilize the feminist figure of the witch to empower themselves by claiming their otherness in the public and private spheres
Cloutier-Roy, Christophe. "Du New Deal à la Guerre froide, 1933-1947 : Étude du discours anticommuniste à la Chambre des représentants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29187/29187.pdf.
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