Relevant bibliographies by topics / Political stability – History

Academic literature on the topic 'Political stability – History'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Political stability – History"

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Margolis, J. Eli. "Understanding Political Stability and Instability." Civil Wars 12, no. 3 (September 2010): 326–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2010.509568.

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Temin, Peter. "A Hobbesian Approach to Political-Economic History." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 35, no. 4 (April 2005): 605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0022195043327372.

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Hobbesian theory provides a key to understanding the interaction of economics and politics in the history of many countries, revealing that the suppression of violence is the first task of any nascent state. Only after governments have assured lasting internal peace by monopolizing violence can economic growth and political stability reinforce each other.
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Khan, Imran, Ali Shan Shah, and Muhammad Azhar. "Political Stability and Institutionalization in Pakistan: an Overview of Major Political Developments During 2008-2016." Review of Economics and Development Studies 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/reads.v5i1.565.

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Political development refers to the significance of institutionalization and is a closely interrelated trend of modernization. Political development in a state depends on political participation while political participation depends on institutionalization. Political stability increases the prospects for civilian rule, and institutionalization strengthens the political system. Political history of Pakistan presents the infrequent institutionalization of political system for democratic stability and the political experiences of Pakistan are just a posed in order to understand the problems of political institutionalization. This paper explores the close relationship between institutionalization, political development and political stability, and also highlights the views provided by different social scientists in an explanation of these terms. The purpose of this study is to evaluates the democratic process and major political developments during 2008-2016 as a case study because this is the unique era for political stability and institutionalization in the political history of Pakistan.
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Mitchell, Lynette. "Greek Political Thought in Ancient History." Polis 33, no. 1 (April 15, 2016): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340073.

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Greek historians of the fifth and fourth centuries bce also intended their works to be political commentaries. This paper concentrates on the work of Thucydides, and his interest in fifth-century ideas of constitutionalism. Honing in on the political ‘opposites’, democracy and oligarchy, this paper argues that Thucydides collapses these categories, to show not only that they are unstable, but that, built upon the same political vocabulary, they naturally lead towards his new idea of the measured blending of the few and the many in a mixed constitution, which creates political stability and a positive political experience for the community. In this sense, Thucydides’ text, which uses historical narrative as a vehicle for political commentary, needs to be understood within the framework of historical contextualism, but also as a ‘possession for all time’.
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Costalli, Stefano, and Francesco N. Moro. "Political Transitions and Macro-level Foundations of Political Stability." Ethnopolitics 18, no. 5 (July 22, 2019): 462–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2019.1640504.

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Jenkins, Philip. "Party Conflict and Political Stability in Monmouthshire, 1690–1740." Historical Journal 29, no. 3 (September 1986): 557–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00018914.

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In the 1960s Professor Plumb discussedThe growth of political stability in England 1675–1725. In the seventeenth century, he noted, party violence and political conflict were frequent events, resulting in open civil war in the 1640s and several perilous crises in later years. Stability (he argued) developed from the 1720s by means of the ubiquitous use of political patronage by the Whig government, and Sir Robert Walpole's judicious ability to avoid too many controversies that stirred political passions. The government simply offered too many tempting jobs and places for any but the staunchest tory to resist. At the same time, elections became more expensive and less frequent, so a parliamentary seat was a long-term investment for a wealthy family. Of course, this account has been challenged. The tory opposition continued to exist, and to develop creative new methods of organization and propaganda. However, Britain clearly had a much more stable and secure political system in the eighteenth century.
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James, Harold, and Charles S. Maier. "In Search of Stability: Explorations in Historical Political Economy." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 19, no. 4 (1989): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/203969.

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Hamby, Alonzo L. "The American Political Pattern: Stability and Change, 1932–2016." Journal of American History 104, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 786–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jax371.

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Lucas, Jeffrey K. "Zapatismo beyond Borders: New Imaginations of Political Stability." Journal for the Study of Radicalism 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41887650.

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Walder, Andrew G. "Unruly Stability: Why China's Regime Has Staying Power." Current History 108, no. 719 (September 1, 2009): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2009.108.719.257.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Political stability – History"

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Beadman, Clive. "Venezuela, 1863-1879 : the creation of political stability and the strengthening of the state." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272541.

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Ou-yang, Hsin-yi. "Transformation of the provincial elite in post-Mao China : state function, elite recruitment and political stability /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487683401441273.

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Annan, David. "Effects of political instability in development in South Sudan." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020190.

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The signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) between the Republic of Sudan represented by the National Congress Party (NCP) and the SPLM (Sudan People’s Liberation Movement) which represented the people of the Southern part of Sudan in January 2005 ushered in a rare era of peace and hope for the rebuilding and construction of the war ravaged South Sudan. Coupled with the attainment of Independence for South Sudan through an internationally supervised referendum in January 2011, the objectives of years of struggle by the people of the formerly semi-autonomous region were completed. From 2005 until after the independence of South Sudan however, a period that initially was marked by huge euphoria and broad based anticipation of development boom, the support from both local and international actors for the struggle and the plight of the people of South Sudan is waning and at worst has now turned into despair and hopelessness. After attaining independence in 2011, the highest party organ, the Political Bureau decided to remove candidates who were popularly voted by their constituents and replaced them with their cronies, leading to mass exodus of cadres from the party. On top of that, the wide believe that the elections were rigged for SPLM candidates at the expense of the Independent candidates led to another wave of exodus and open rebellion by many veteran cadres of the movement. Today, these rebellions coupled with some complex problematic societal issues are major concern and a source of political instability and violence in some parts of the country. Secondly, the hasty process of the Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) campaign, which in some cases were forcefully done left some communities exposed and venerable to attacks by rival communities. This continue to exacerbate and ignite tribal hatred, tension and stereotypes between communities especially in the traditionally volatile parts of the country that are known for cattle rustling and tribal rivalry as a form of cultural practice. Unresolved post secession issues within the SPLM had resulted to political instability and violence thus having negative economic consequences for South Sudan and all the gains the country had made in the past few years vanished after December 15 2013 political upheaval. This thesis will examine the effects of these mentioned complex political instability and economic dilemma South Sudan is being confronted with in the face of the fact that it is still in the process of nation building having attained its Independence only in July 2011.
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Blaser, Thomas. "Official language policy in Canada and Switzerland : language survival and political stability." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31091.

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The official language policies and their basic concepts, the principle of personality in Canada and the principle of territoriality in Switzerland, are critically analyzed. The two democratic federations are compared as two multination states since 'nation' is defined in cultural terms. Language survival is justified in liberal theory through minority rights. The principle of territoriality that assures the dominance of the linguistic majority over a territory within the federation is in accordance with liberal democracy if fundamental rights are protected. The principle of territoriality contributes thus to political stability within a multination federation. There is no movement in Switzerland that is fed by a language-based grievance despite the existence of three linguistic minorities: Switzerland accommodates successfully linguistic diversity. In Canada, the perception that the survival of the French language might not be sustained fuels a secessionist movement threatening the unity of the federation.
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Omar, Mohamed Ali. "Somali Irredentism: An analysis of its causes and its impact on political stability in Somalia from 1960 -1991." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37786.

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After Berlin Conference in 1884 to 1885, Somalia was partitioned into five parts by Britain, Italy, and French. In 1960 two parts gained independence and formed the Somali Republic, and since then successive Somali governments sought to incorporate the other three parts of Somali territories under Ethiopia, Kenya and French Somaliland known as Djibouti into Greater Somalia.The aim of this study has been to explore and analyze the causes, and the impact of the Somalia’ irredentism on political stability in Somalia. In more specifically, the main objective has been to critically examine how Somali irridentism policy has been pursued, what challenges faced and how it has affected the political stability of the post-colonial Somali state from 1960 to 1990.The analysis presented in this study has shown that the causes of Somali irredentism are combined factors that helped rise Somali irredentism. The analysis has argued that Somalia’s quest for irredentism policy had a huge impact on Somalia’s political stability, including, but not limited to, creating enemies and alienating allies from neighbouring countries to western and eastern blocs, as well as interstate conflict with Ethiopia which ended with Somalia defeat. Finally, Somalia’s defeat, which resulted from irredentism’s venture, caused disunity among the national army, refugee crisis, financial burden and the rise of armed opposition movements that finally ousted the military regime led by Siad Barre. This was followed by state collapse and protracted civil war.
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McManus, Patrick. "Stability and flexibility: The Rush-Bagot Agreement and the progressive modernization of Canadian-American security relations." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28366.

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This dissertation examines the historical progression of the Rush-Bagot Agreement through the fundamental change versus transitory modernization debate that has emerged in North America as a result of the reorganization of continental security and defence since 2001. The Agreement, which was signed by Britain and the United States in 1817 and subsequently embraced by Canada upon its independence, has acted as a stable measure of the security and defence relationship on the continent throughout its entire history. It has persisted through nearly two centuries of industrialization, expansionism, war, and modernization, and remains relevant in governing security and defence relations on the Great Lakes. By tracing the development of this Agreement and relations on the Lakes through previous periods of continental and international discord, this paper suggests that the changes to continental security and defence since 2001 represent little more than the refurbishing of relations to address a new threat, and thus are consistent with past defence modernizations during periods of continental vulnerability.
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Akrami, Rahimullah. "Revisiting Afghanistan's Modern History: The Role of Ethnic Inclusion on Regime Stability." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1547332876379751.

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Ersoy, Duygu. "Manipulation Of History And Language In Three Dystopias." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607679/index.pdf.

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In this study, the manipulations of history and language in the dystopias of &ldquo
Nineteen Eighty-Four&rdquo
by George Orwell, &ldquo
We&rdquo
by Yevgeni Zamyatin and &ldquo
Brave New World&rdquo
by Aldous Huxley are examined. The principal aim of this investigation is to demonstrate that in these imaginary societies absolute stability is achieved through the manipulations of these two domains. The thesis argues that if the domains of history and language are not taken under control, they are to provide the subjects with the standard of comparisons which would enable them to realize that they are in fact dominated. However, once these domains are manipulated, they are transformed into the means of the dystopian rulers for mentally impoverishing people in a way that they would not be capable of conceiving the flaws within the system and therefore, would not attempt to challenge the order or require a change. In this sense, it is proposed that the subjects of these closed societies, who are formed as a result of the reshaping of history and language, would lack the mental capabilities to identify their subjection and behave automatically in the manner that is imposed on them by the political order. Moreover, in this study, the relationship of the genre dystopia with political theory is explored
it is indicated that dystopias are not only literary works, but rather they are also texts of social criticism containing certain warnings about the future course of events. Relying on this argument, it is claimed that such an invasion of the minds by the control over history and language in our three dystopias is the exaggerated version of the ideological relationships of the individuals to these two realms in the contemporary societies. Thus, having in mind that in the dystopias examined here the manipulations of history and language are the preconditions of the use of other realms (such as religion, sexuality and science), it is concluded that these texts enable modern individuals to see that in order to maintain a critical distance with the established political and social order, the multiplicity of linguistic resources and knowledge of history are very crucial.
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Perdue, Rebekah. "Comparative Political Stability in Latin America: Case Studies in Costa Rica, Argentina, and Cuba." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/983.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Political Science
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Debbas, Malek. "Examining Lebanon’s Susceptibility to Foreign Influence: Institutional Roadblocks to State Stability." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1586.

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Lebanon has historically been at the center of Middle Eastern conflict. Religious diversity and weak institutions have resulted in the country’s continual exploitation by powerful foreign states. At first, a historical overview of Lebanon demonstrates how certain events over the past 200 years have shaped the country. Based on recurring political and economic misfortunes, sectarian tensions within Lebanon have flared since the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. This thesis argues that in order to stabilize the country and prevent the meddling of foreign powers, a focus must be placed on establishing a national identity, strengthening the country’s political institutions, and creating an accountable economic system.
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Books on the topic "Political stability – History"

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Qassem, Ahmad Shayeq. Afghanistan's political stability: A dream unrealised. Farnham, Surrey: Burlington, VT, 2009.

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Afghanistan's political stability: A dream unrealised. Farnham, Surrey: Burlington, VT, 2009.

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Peter, Calvert, and Calvert Susan, eds. Argentina: Political culture and instability. Pittsburgh, Pa: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1989.

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Ai, Camp Roderic, ed. Mexico's political stability: The next five years. Boulder: Westview Press, 1986.

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Peter, Calvert, ed. Argentina: Political culture and instability. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1989.

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Habora, Bülent. 12 Eylülcülere 1000 soru. Cağaloğlu, İstanbul: Habora Kitabevi, 1988.

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Maier, Charles S. In search of stability: Explorations in historical political economy. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

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Calvert, Susan. Argentina: Political culture and instability. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1989.

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Stability without statehood: Lessons from Europe's history before the sovereign state. Houndmills, Basingstoke Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Nwagboso, Emmanuel C. Anarchy and the quest for political stability in Sierra Leone. Lewiston, N.Y: Edwin Mellen Press, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Political stability – History"

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Asante, Molefi Kete. "Governance and the Political Stability of Kemet." In The History of Africa, 49–84. 3rd edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315168166-8.

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Schroeder, Paul W. "International History: Why Historians do it Differently Than Political Scientists." In Systems, Stability, and Statecraft: Essays on the International History of Modern Europe, 285–95. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06138-6_14.

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Schroeder, Paul W. "The Nineteenth Century System: Balance of Power or Political Equilibrium?" In Systems, Stability, and Statecraft: Essays on the International History of Modern Europe, 223–41. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06138-6_11.

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Assensoh, A. B., and Yvette M. Alex-Assensoh. "Military Presence in African Politics: Stability or Instability?" In African Military History and Politics, 99–126. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780312292720_5.

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Schroeder, Paul W. "Does the History of International Politics Go Anywhere?" In Systems, Stability, and Statecraft: Essays on the International History of Modern Europe, 267–84. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06138-6_13.

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Sakwa, Richard. "The Soviet State, Civil Society and Moscow Politics: Stability and Order in Early NEP, 1921–1924." In Soviet History, 1917–53, 42–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23939-9_3.

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Fields-Black, Edda L., R. Daniel Hanks, Travis F. Folk, Rob Baldwin, Ernie P. Wiggers, Andrew Agha, Daniel D. Richter, and Richard H. Coen. "Resilience of Coupled Socio-Ecological Systems: Historic Rice Fields of the U.S. South." In Perspectives on Public Policy in Societal-Environmental Crises, 273–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94137-6_18.

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AbstractWhile resilience is defined differentially by social scientists and ecologists, sustainability is possible where resilient social and ecological systems meet and interact, and sustainable resilient systems promote societal use of ecosystem services supporting contemporary societal needs without risk to future generations. Yet it is possible for seemingly appropriate and rational decisions from individuals, and society at large, to be counter to long-term sustainable solutions. Historic rice field cultivation in the wetlands of the Carolinas and Florida provides an example of various forms of resilience and sustainability within the theoretical framework of alternate stable states, whereby a resilient system can exist in more than one state and where stability is achieved when disruptive variables are not so disruptive as to generate tipping points from one state to another. This contribution examines the changing role and political as well as environmental impacts of rice agriculture in the region with particular emphasis on the contingent processes of environmental and cultural transformation that took place between the seventeenth and twenty-first centuries.
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"Introduction: Political economy and history." In In Search of Stability, 1–16. Cambridge University Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511583995.001.

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Calvo-Gonzalez, Oscar. "Political Stability." In Unexpected Prosperity, 68–92. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853978.003.0004.

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While the Cold War provided an impetus for greater political stability, it is also the case that many internal factors helped buttress the stability of the Spanish polity in the decades after 1950. The legacy from the Civil War and the subsequent brutal repression, the coalition nature of the Franco dictatorship and the co-opting of elites into the regime all played a role in producing a more stable regime than over the previous century and a half. Above all, Franco demonstrated that he was bent on being dictator for life, thus forcing the use of violence if anyone wanted to oust him. The domestic opposition was ultimately unprepared to use force against Franco, out of fear of reprisal or because they feared that it could bring the country into yet another Civil War. It was ultimately this asymmetry that helps to explain why the long history of pronunciamientos was altered. If Francoism was the unintended consequence of the rebel uprising, stability was the unintended consequence of Francoism.
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"West Germany: economic growth and political stability." In A History of the World, 515–25. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203641767-65.

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Conference papers on the topic "Political stability – History"

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Başeğmez, Nergiz, and Kerem Toker. "A Crossroad For Turkey: European Union Or Eurasian Economic Union." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01668.

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With a long and complicated history with Turkey's EU relations began in 1963 with Ankara Agreement. Turkey has been engaged the full membership since 2005 but nevertheless it could not have achieved results during the negotiations. Behind the slow pace of Turkey's membership, many political and cultural barriers can be shown. The events showed that reveals Turkey cannot be an EU member as soon as possible. This case may cause the Turkey have different pursuits in the political world arena. Turkey moved away from the EU, it can be motivated to participate in different political and economic union at the same time. Because, the world is constantly changing in terms of economic and political conditions and Turkey is hard to question the position in these new conditions. Founded in 2015 Eurasian Union has similar cultural and historical heritage alongside the geographical closely EAEU with Turkey. This common history may create opportunities for both sides. In this study, economic, social and political relations between Turkey and the EAEU countries are briefly discussed. Datas about this issue were gathered by Eurostat, europa.eu, wto.org and eurasiancommission.org etc. official data sources. The findings were compared with similar indicators between Turkey and the EU. So the EAEU is evaluated likely to be an alternative political and economic union to Turkey. Such a vision changes in Turkey will revise its economic and political stability of the region. This paper may contribute to further studies by providing a solid base.
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Gerni, Mine, Ömer Selçuk Emsen, Dilek Özdemir, and Özge Buzdağlı. "Determinants of Corruption and their Relationship to Growth." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00406.

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Corruption defined as the exploitation of the public institute for personal benefit has displayed itself in many societies in different ways throughout the history. Lack of information regarding presence and pervasiveness of corruption in central planning economies has been removed as a result of a transition to free market economies and the phenomenon of corruption has begun to be examined through diverse angles. Thus, in this study, the determinants of corruption were investigated and corruption-growth relationship was examined between 2002 and 2010. As for the parameters believed to determine corruption, openness of economy, size of the public, economic freedom, political stability, GDP per capita, urbanization growth rate, inflation, EBRD and HDI index regarding education and health were taken into consideration. Investigation of the relationship between the CPI (Corruption index) and the aforementioned variables and corruption-growth relationship were analyzed by means of panel data analysis.
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Clement, Victoria. "TURKMENISTAN’S NEW CHALLENGES: CAN STABILITY CO-EXIST WITH REFORM? A STUDY OF GULEN SCHOOLS IN CENTRAL ASIA, 1997-2007." In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/ufen2635.

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In the 1990s, Turkmenistan’s government dismantled Soviet educational provision, replacing it with lower quality schooling. The Başkent Foundation schools represent the concerted ef- forts of teachers and sponsors to offer socially conscious education grounded in science and math with an international focus. This case study of the Başkent Foundation schools in Turkmenistan establishes the vitality of Gülen schools outside of the Turkish Republic and their key role in offering Central Asian families an important choice in secular, general education. The paper discusses the appeal of the schools’ curriculum to parents and students, and records a decade-long success both in educating students and in laying the foundations of civil society: in Turkmenistan the Gülen movement offers the only general education outside of state provision and control. This is particularly significant as most scholars deny that there is any semblance of civil society in Turkmenistan. Notes: The author has been conducting interviews and recording the influence of Başkent schools in Turkmenistan since working as Instructor at the International Turkmen-Turk University in 1997. In May 2007 she visited the schools in the capital Ashgabat, and the northern province of Daşoguz, to explore further the contribution Gülen schools are making. The recent death of Turkmenistan’s president will most likely result in major reforms in education. Documentation of how a shift at the centre of state power affects provincial Gülen schools will enrich this conference’s broader discussion of the movement’s social impact. The history of Gülen-inspired schools in Central Asia reveals as much about the Gülen movement as it does about transition in the Muslim world. While acknowledging that transition in the 21st century includes new political and global considerations, it must be viewed in a historical context that illustrates how change, renewal and questioning are longstanding in- herent to Islamic tradition. In the former Soviet Union, the Gülen movement contributed to the Muslim people’s transi- tion out of the communist experience. Since USSR fell in 1991, participants in Fethullah Gülen’s spiritual movement have contributed to its mission by successfully building schools, offering English language courses for adults, and consciously supporting nascent civil so- ciety throughout Eurasia. Not only in Turkic speaking regions, but also as far as Mongolia and Southeast Asia, the so-called “Turkish schools” have succeeded in creating sustainable systems of private schools that offer quality education to ethnically and religiously diverse populations. The model is applicable on the whole; Gülen’s movement has played a vital role in offering Eurasia’s youth an alternative to state-sponsored schooling. Recognition of the broad accomplishments of Gülen schools in Eurasia raises questions about how these schools function on a daily basis and how they have remained successful. What kind of world are they preparing students for? How do the schools differ from traditional Muslim schools (maktabs or madrasas)? Do they offer an alternative to Arab methods of learning? Success in Turkmenistan is especially notable due to the dramatic politicization of education under nationalistic socio-cultural programmes in that Central Asian country. Since the establishment of the first boarding school, named after Turkish Prime Minister Turgut Ozal, in 1991 the Gülen schools have prospered despite Turkmenistan’s extreme political conditions and severely weakened social systems. How did this network of foreign schools, connected to a faith-based movement, manage to flourish under Turkmenistan’s capricious dictator- ship? In essence, Gülen-inspired schools have been consistently successful in Turkmenistan because a secular curriculum partnered with a strong moral framework appeals to parents and students without threatening the state. This hypothesis encourages further consideration of the cemaat’s ethos and Gülen’s philosophies such as the imperative of activism (aksiyon), the compatibility of Islam and modernity, and the high value Islamic traditions assign to education. Focusing on this particular set of “Turkish schools” in Turkmenistan provides details and data from which we can consider broader complexities of the movement as a whole. In particular, the study illustrates that current transitions in the Muslim world have long, complex histories that extend beyond today’s immediate questions about Islam, modernity, or extremism.
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Ramdhan Mhammed, Hamdan. ""Requirements for promoting a culture of peaceful coexistence and inclusion In the city of Mosul An analytical study from a social perspective "." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/3.

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" The current research aims to identify the nature and reality of peaceful coexistence in the city of Mosul, by determining its levels and assessing its social dimensions among its various components in the city, for the purpose of reaching the possibility of developing the feelings of its members and activating their role in achieving harmony and harmony, accepting the other, living in luxury, etc. Positive in providing stability and social and political security and identifying the resulting problems. As the importance of this research is revealed in revealing the basic dimensions of peaceful coexistence between the various social components in the city of Mosul and identifying the manifestations of these dimensions and their factors depending on measuring the extent of the cohesion of individuals and accepting or rejecting coexistence among them. This is because identifying this reality and the dimensions, manifestations and factors that support and affect it and are related to it would facilitate the consolidation of its activities and social relations between these social components in the social reality of the city. Not to mention that, the contemporary Iraqi street, specifically the city of Mosul after the American occupation of Iraq, witnessed problems and disturbances that humanity has not witnessed throughout the history of its civilized development, which affected social construction, and these problems crystallized and were born due to several reasons and accumulated reasons and silence their shape and content in the Iraqi scene, so the individuals in the city. They are more influential because they are more interacting with each other in social reality, and it is from these bases that the importance of the subject we are studying comes from. "
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5

Duchêne, Yves, Vincent de Ville de Goyet, and Frédéric Gens. "Engineering of a contemporary version of the stone arches of the “Pont des Trous” in Tournai." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1891.

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<p>As part of the works on the Seine-Scheldt link, the Scheldt is to be expanded to CEMT class Va at the Tournai crossing. The main works comprise the widening of the Scheldt river and the central arch of the historic bridge called “Pont des Trous” – “Bridge of the Holes”. The choice of replacing the bridge has gone to a triple arch in stone masonry with a main span of 20 m for a height of 15 m and a thickness of 40 cm, closer from a sculpture. Due to its very small thickness and corresponding self-weight, accurate estimation, with wind tunnel tests by University of Liège, of the wind effects is of utmost importance for the verification of masonry and especially the joints openings. Nonlinear finite element calculations considering cracking and opening of joints, using Finelg software, show that the joints should be glued to ensure the stability. Finally, by political decision, this triple arch project was abandoned and replaced by a more conventional structure.</p>
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6

Duchêne, Yves, Vincent de Ville de Goyet, and Frédéric Gens. "Engineering of a contemporary version of the stone arches of the “Pont des Trous” in Tournai." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1891.

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<p>As part of the works on the Seine-Scheldt link, the Scheldt is to be expanded to CEMT class Va at the Tournai crossing. The main works comprise the widening of the Scheldt river and the central arch of the historic bridge called “Pont des Trous” – “Bridge of the Holes”. The choice of replacing the bridge has gone to a triple arch in stone masonry with a main span of 20 m for a height of 15 m and a thickness of 40 cm, closer from a sculpture. Due to its very small thickness and corresponding self-weight, accurate estimation, with wind tunnel tests by University of Liège, of the wind effects is of utmost importance for the verification of masonry and especially the joints openings. Nonlinear finite element calculations considering cracking and opening of joints, using Finelg software, show that the joints should be glued to ensure the stability. Finally, by political decision, this triple arch project was abandoned and replaced by a more conventional structure.</p>
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7

Palipane, Kelum, and Janet McGaw. "An Interdisciplinary Architectural Pedagogy for Social Relevance." In 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.61.

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We live in a time of rapid geo-political change that is expected to accelerate rather than stabilise over the coming decades: More than half the world lives in urban areas, a figure expected to rise to 68% over the next 30 years. Cities are denser and more socially complex than ever before. Rural to urban internal migration continues, but a substantial driver of population transitions is a consequence of inter-national immigration, some of it forced. In fact, there are currently 65 million displaced people in the world; the largest figure in history. These increasingly complex conditions require architects to practice a new kind of critical consciousness about the socio-economic, environmental and demographic multiplicities in which they work. It’s no longer enough to concentrate on the conditions of a site defined by the lines of property ownership. Architects need to adopt a contextually relevant praxis that responds to the multiscalar effects of our changing social condition. To that end, we argue, the emerging generation of architects will need knowledge and methods – often inter-disciplinary – that enable them to read and represent these social complexities and address them through critical design responses. This paper presents a pedagogical approach for a foundational transdisciplinary design studio within a new generalist undergraduate degree in design in which this pedagogical challenge is addressed. It is a core subject in the pathway to professional a master’s degrees in architecture, landscape architecture and urban design.
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