Journal articles on the topic 'Political leadership – Africa, Sub-Saharan'
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NGWAKWE COLLINS, C. "Gender equality and extreme poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa." Demography and social economy, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dse2020.04.056.
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This article assesses the link between the four pillars of gender equality and extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Accordingly, the objective of the paper is to empirically examine whether the four pillars of gender equality, namely women’s health, women education, political participation of women and economic participation facilitate extreme poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa. Data were collected from the World Bank development indicators and World Economic Forum Global Gender Gap Index for 25 sub-Saharan African countries whose data appear on both indexes for three years into the SDGs era. Th e paper applied a quantitative approach with secondary data on poverty gap index drawn from the World Economic Forum Poverty Gap Index for sub-Saharan Africa. Data for twenty-fi ve sub-Saharan African countries were analysed using the fi xed-eff ect panel data regression approach using the Hauseman model selection test. Findings from the analysis indicate that, ceteris paribus, an increase in the threegender equity variables namely economic participation of women, education of women and political participation and leadership of women in sub-Saharan Africa has a signifi cant potential to reduce extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa within the sample of study. Since the fi ndings of this study have shown that extreme poverty can be reduced through increased women participation in economic activity, education and leadership, the SDG of poverty alleviation can be improved in sub-Saharan Africa through better government provision of economic, educational and leadership opportunities for women such as providing women with free-interest small business start-up funds, free education for women and supporting women to ascend and survive in political and leadership positions in sub-Saharan Africa through a balanced quota for female leadership positions. Given that the women’s health variable did not prove to be signifi cant on extreme poverty, further research is recommended to separate the health variable into rural health and urban health variables in order to examine the possibility that either of the health clusters might contribute signifi cantly to reducing extreme poverty. Th is paper contributes to existing literature by providing an empirical evidence to show that gender equality in sub-Saharan Africa is a viable policy strategy for achieving the SDGs 2030 Agenda of extreme poverty eradication in sub-Saharan Africa; the paper also provides empirical model for future study.
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Adamolekun, Ladipo. "Political Leadership in Sub-Saharan Africa: From Giants to Dwarfs." International Political Science Review 9, no. 2 (April 1988): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251218800900202.
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Bräutigam, Deborah, Lise Rakner, and Scott Taylor. "Business associations and growth coalitions in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 40, no. 4 (November 28, 2002): 519–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x02004056.
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Why are ‘growth coalitions’ involving business interest groups and governments so rare in Africa? How has democratisation affected the possibilities for growth coalitions? In three cases with varying degrees of democracy – Mauritius, Zambia, and Zimbabwe – we find that hypotheses about growth coalitions that place importance on the organisation of the business sector are generally borne out. Yet even when the business community is organised in an ‘ideal’ manner, growth coalitions still depend on factors within the state: leadership, ideas, and capacity. Democratisation has a mixed effect. We find that in the case of Zambia, business–state relations did not improve despite a pro-democracy stance by business and the pro-business agenda of the democratic government coming to power in 1991. In Zimbabwe, the erosion of democracy reduced business access to state elites, breaking up a growth coalition that initially showed considerable promise. In Mauritius, the strengthening of democracy has paralleled the deepening of the growth coalition, and both have been reinforced by a strong economy. Our study shows that growth coalitions are possible in Africa; the key lies in determining the conditions under which such coalitions can be sustained in Africa's fragile polities.
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Haruna, Peter Fuseini. "Revising the Leadership Paradigm in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Study of Community-Based Leadership." Public Administration Review 69, no. 5 (September 2009): 941–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2009.02043.x.
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Karan, Abraar, Emily Hartford, and Thomas J. Coates. "The potential for political leadership in HIV/AIDS communication campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa." Global Health Action 10, no. 1 (January 2017): 1270525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2017.1270525.
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Wiseman, John A. "Leadership and Personal Danger in African Politics." Journal of Modern African Studies 31, no. 4 (December 1993): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00012295.
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To be a political leader in many parts of the world is to follow an extremely hazardous and insecure occupation. In addition, in sub-Saharan Africa, but elsewhere as well, the element of personal danger exists in a particularly acute form. Althought the extent to which this is true varies considerably not only from place to place but also over time, the evidence of the past 30 years clearly suggests that there are remarkably few states in which an individual could contemplate embarking on a career in politics free from the dauger of incurring severe personal penalties at some stage.
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Robert Kłosowicz. "The Problem of Bad Governance as a Determinant of State Dysfunctionality in Sub-Saharan Africa." Politeja 15, no. 56 (June 18, 2019): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.15.2018.56.02.
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Bad governance can very quickly ruin the economic situation of the whole country. However, in the conditions of the Western world, even though they can cause a lot of damage, more or less developed administrative apparatus is able to minimize the effects of bad decisions, and the society has a chance to rebuff the rulers in the next elections. In so-called dysfunctional states bad governance can damage an already weak country’s economy. Most researchers dealing with the issue of the state in Sub-Saharan Africa believe that, once the decolonisation was over, the power in the region was mostly taken by people whose leadership must be evaluated negatively, represented by such dictators as Jean-Bédel Bokassa, Mobutu Sese Seko or Idi Amin. The paper is trying to explain the interconnection between bad governance experienced by Sub-Saharan African countries and state dysfunctionality phenomenon from which they suffer. The author formulated the analysis and assessment of bad governance presented in this article on the basis of his own field studies carried out in African countries and research of specialist literature related to African and political studies.
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Sunjo, Tata Emmanuel. "George Floyd, bad governance, and the silent violations of African human rights." Thinker 86, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v86i1.453.
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In 2020, George Floyd – a Black man in the United States – was brutally killed by a white police officer. The world was unequivocal in denouncing such an outrageous act, but Black people living in Sub-Saharan Africa continue to face multiple right violations. This can be attributed to fundamental governance crevices associated with poor leadership that characterise many of these African states. This article outlines a number of examples of the incessant suppression of the socio-economic, civil, political, and overall human rights of Africans in the face of dictatorship, anarchy, and bad governance. The clamour for good governance on the continent is critical for upholding the dignity of Black African lives.
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Atuahene, Daniel. "The status of the Church in Africa." Review & Expositor 115, no. 2 (May 2018): 182–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034637318759029.
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The Church in Africa is currently experiencing a surge in numerical growth, consequently making Christianity the leading religion in the continent. Just before the twentieth century, Africa was known to be a heartland of voodooist, witchcraft, and traditional religions. The continent is now emerging as the “center of gravity of Christianity.” Research predicts Africa to have the largest majority of Christian population by 2060, with four in ten Christians living in the region. Despite tremendous growth, however, the Church in Africa still lacks the influence and impact one would expect it to have. Poverty and hunger are still rampant, especially in the Sub-Saharan area, where children are malnourished and deprived. Although the cornerstone of Christianity is love, one would expect that the growth of the Church would affect the socio-economic state of Africa. Sadly, the current statistics show otherwise. Notable, too, is the contribution of missionaries to the global missionary effort, which is only 6%. Amid numerical growth, the African Church still faces major challenges, including but not limited to persecutions in certain regions by some governments and extremist groups, the lack of “African identity,” and low enthusiasm to participate in political leadership and community development.
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Salokoski, Märta. "Comments on Timo Kallinen’s “I now go to church, I am not under the chief.”." Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society 33, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30676/jfas.v33i3.116381.
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Traditional leaders and their role in current politics are hot topics in the analysis of contemporary African society. A recent book on the relations between state, traditional leaders and democracy in Africa (Buur and Kyed [eds] 2007) prophecies “a new dawn for traditional authorities”, and shows that the category of traditional leadership—reinvented at times, at others subjugated, often featuring new functions—is a novel and vigorous player in the political game both locally, nationally and on the global developmental scene. The persistence of the term ‘traditional leaders’—also applied to newly invented power-holders—conveys that the label carries particular weight in the rallying of popular local support. Very little attention has been given to where the appeal of traditional leaders has its root.
Timo Kallinen’s paper, however, does just that. It highlights the basis of power of traditional leaders, using the example of Asante society in Ghana. He points out that political power in Asante was once intricately intertwined with religious power, and this is true for a majority of polities in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is, however, a persevering tradition of neglecting this reality which can be traced from early British anthropology down to political analysis of Africa in the present time.
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Benon-be-isan Nyuur, Richard, Daniel F. Ofori, and Yaw Debrah. "Corporate social responsibility in Sub-Saharan Africa: hindering and supporting factors." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-01-2012-0002.
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Purpose – In recent years, the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained recognition and importance in both business and political settings. While considerable research has been conducted on CSR in developed countries, the extant literature on CSR in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is scant and CSR is seen in terms of philanthropy. This paper aims to examine CSR from a broader perspective and in particular to identify the factors that hinder and promote CSR activities in SSA using the Smit (2009) CSR Value Chain Model. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on data obtained from a survey conducted by GTZ (now GIZ) on factors promoting and hindering CSR in SSA. The study surveyed 85 companies from six countries, namely; South Africa, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique and Namibia. The study essentially examined the internal and external CSR environments of the companies in the participating countries. Findings – The study revealed that there are nine key promoting and hindering factors of CSR for businesses in SSA. These include: leadership and governance, policy framework, project management, monitoring, evaluation and reporting, stakeholder engagement, staff engagement, government, funding and beneficiation. The study recommends a systemic and context-sensitive approach that relies on the potential of organisations and communities to design and implement their own solution within global frameworks in order to further develop CSR in the region. Research limitations/implications – There are a number of limitations in this study. First, this study did not include any informants from the responding organisations’ stakeholder groups, but relied mainly on information obtained from single respondents from organisations. Further research should include responses from other stakeholder groups. Practical implications – To promote or achieve the successful implementation of CSR and broaden its scope within the region beyond its current focus on philanthropy, managers must build bridges with their stakeholders through both formal and informal dialogues and engagement practices. Additionally, firms may enhance and maximise both social and economic value created when managers link their CSR activities to areas that improve firms’ long-term competitive potential by collectively and systematically applying their distinctive strengths to such activities in accordance with the value chain model. Originality/value – The finding in this study is novel and adds an important contribution to the developing CSR literature in the SSA region.
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Dibie, Josephine, and Robert Dibie. "Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and the Empowerment of Women in Africa." African and Asian Studies 11, no. 1-2 (2012): 95–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921012x629349.
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Abstract This paper examines the predicament of prejudice that women face in several countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It explores the social and economic factors that militate against the integration of women into senior administrative and political leadership positions in the continent. It contends that if women are under represented in Africa because of open or indirect mechanism of exclusion and discrimination, then educating women and girls is not enough. Equity for women and girls will only change if the public and private sectors’ institutions are galvanized to change simultaneously. Further it stresses that the public, private sectors and NGOs in Africa need to introduce diversity management programs as a policy at the national and regional government levels in order to engage talented women in its process of seeking sustainable development. The paper also argues that in offering women the opportunity to access economic resources as well as to disentangle their identities from those of their families they will contribute immensely in the sustainable development process of Africa. It contends that no development process will be totally beneficial to a nation if it does not involve women. The concluding section recommended some policies that would effectively reduce discrimination against women in the public service as well as stimulate and integrate talented women interests in the social, economic, leadership, and political development of Africa.
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Beattie, Pauline, and Moses Bockarie. "THE NINTH FORUM OF THE EUROPEAN & DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CLINICAL TRIALS PARTNERSHIP." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.1.
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The EDCTP community meets biennially to share research findings, plan new partnerships and collaborations, and discuss maximising impact from EDCTP-funded research. In 2018, the Ninth EDCTP Forum took place in Lisbon, Portugal, from 17–21 September 2018. The Lisbon meeting was the largest international conference focusing on clinical research on poverty-related infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. It started with a strong commitment, from European and African EDCTP member countries, for a successor programme to EDCTP2 (2014–2024). It provided a platform for the presentation of project results and discussion of progress in clinical research and capacity strengthening in sub-Saharan Africa.The theme of the Ninth Forum was ‘Clinical research and sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa: the impact of North-South partnerships’. This reflected not only the broader scope of a larger EDCTP research programme but also the growing awareness of the need for global cooperation to prepare for public health emergencies and strengthen health systems. The theme highlighted the impact of Europe-Africa partnerships supporting clinical research and the clinical research environment, towards achieving the sustainable development goals in sub-Saharan Africa.A central topic of the Forum was the discussion of the character and scope of an EDCTP successor programme, which should start in 2021 under the next European Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, Horizon Europe. On 17 September, a high-level meeting on this topic took place immediately before the opening of the Forum1. On 19 September, the plenary session continued this discussion through a panel of representatives of strategic partners. There was consensus on the added value of the programme for Europe and the countries in sub-Saharan Africa and political commitment to a successor programme. Poverty-related infectious diseases and a partnership approach will remain central to the programme. There was also a general awareness that all participating countries would need to engage more strongly with a successor programme, both in its governance and in their financial contributions to its objectives.The Forum hosted 550 participants from more than 50countries. The programme consisted of keynote addresses by policy makers, research leaders, and prominent speakers from Europe and Africa in 5 plenary presentations. There were 9 symposia, 45 oral presentations in parallel sessions, and 74 electronic poster presentations. Abstracts of the plenary, oral and poster presentations are published in this supplement to BMJ Global Health.EDCTP is proud of its contribution to strengthening clinical research capacity in Africa, with more than 400 postgraduate students and 56 EDCTP fellows supported under the first EDCTP programme. The second programme developed a comprehensive fellowship scheme. More than 100 EDCTP fellows (former and current) participated in a one-day pre-conference to discuss the further development of our Alumni Network launched in 2017. The Forum also offered scholarships to many early and mid-career researchers from sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. With the support of the European Union, EDCTP member countries and sponsors, they were able to present results of their studies and meet colleagues from Africa and Europe.The Forum also provided the appropriate platform for recognising individual and team achievements through the four EDCTP 2018 Prizes. With the support of the European Union, EDCTP recognised outstanding individuals and research teams from Africa and Europe. In addition to their scientific excellence, the awardees made major contributions to the EDCTP objectives of clinical research capacity development in Africa and establishing research networks between North and South as well as within sub-Saharan Africa.Dr Pascoal Mocumbi Prize Professor Souleyman Mboup (Professor of Microbiology, University of Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar; Head of the Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory of CHU Le Dantec, Dakar; and President of IRESSEF, Senegal) was recognised for his outstanding achievements in advancing health research and capacity development in Africa.Outstanding Research Team Prize The prize was awarded to the team of the CHAPAS (Children with HIV in Africa – Pharmacokinetics and acceptability of simple antiretroviral regimens) studies, led by Professor Diana Gibb (MRC Clinical Trials Unit, United Kingdom).Outstanding Female Scientist Prize The prize was awarded to Professor Gita Ramjee (Chief Specialist Scientist and Director of the HIV Prevention Research Unit of the South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa) for her outstanding contributions to her field.Scientific Leadership Prize The prize was awarded to Professor Keertan Dheda (Head of the Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity and Head of the Division of Pulmonology at Groote Schuur Hospital and the University of Cape Town, South Africa) for his research contributions and leadership.Partnership is at the core of the EDCTP mission. In the year before the Forum, Nigeria and Ethiopia were welcomed as the newest member countries of the EDCTP Association, while Angola became an aspirant member. Partnership was also demonstrated by the many stakeholders who enriched the programme by organising scientific symposia, collaborative sessions and workshops. We thank our sponsors Novartis, Merck, the European Union, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), the Institute of Health Carlos III (Spain), the National Alliance for Life Sciences and Health (France), the Medical Research Council (United Kingdom), the Swedish International Development Agency (Sweden), ClinaPharm (African CRO), the Deutsche Stiftung Weltbevölkerung (Germany), The Global Health Network (United Kingdom), PATH, and ScreenTB. We gratefully acknowledge the support of our partners and hosts of the Forum, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.The tenth EDCTP Forum will take place in sub-Saharan Africa in 2020.
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Amede, Tilahun, Kim Geheb, and Boru Douthwaite. "Enabling the uptake of livestock - water productivity interventions in the crop - livestock systems of sub-Saharan Africa." Rangeland Journal 31, no. 2 (2009): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj09008.
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Livestock–water productivity (LWP) refers to a set of innovations that could contribute towards reducing the amount of water needed per unit of output generated. But what does it take to get these ideas adopted by livestock keepers in crop–livestock systems? In this paper, we treat LWP as an innovation, and consider in what ways it may be introduced and/or developed among the crop–livestock agricultural systems by drawing on successful examples of change. In the first part of this paper, we introduce relevant tenets of the innovation systems literature, and introduce a three-component conceptual framework for the adoption of LWP technologies. In the second part, we describe three successful cases of resources use change. In the final section, we identify what we consider to be necessary components in successful change, and relate these to LWP. We argue that, in the under-regulated crop–livestock systems of eastern Africa, key areas for focus include social institutions, political systems, gender and leadership.
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Levtov, Marianna. "Chinese Diplomacy Discourse in the Prism of the Relations with the Sub-Saharan Region." Advances in Politics and Economics 4, no. 4 (November 19, 2021): p81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v4n4p81.
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Chinese economic reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping have given China the necessary push for the development and growth of the domestic economy. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) under Xi Jinping claims, that the originally planned transformation is completed, and China is ready for achieving new goals, such as first peripherical and, later, global dominance, leadership in manufacturing and technology and probably even the moral benchmark. The PRC presents a new model of global order with its active position as the super nation.Chinese current behaviour on the international stage is the direct illustration of the political thought of Xi Jinping. To understand the main principles and the vision of the PRC under Xi, his principles of diplomacy have been analysed.This paper claims, that the rhetoric of Xi Jinping and his administration is a neo-pragmatic approach, which includes nativism, anti-traditionalism and pragmatism within.The article takes as a case study for the implementation of the Chinese foreign policy the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) member states.Contrarily to the American dominance, China suggests guidance, collaboration with mutual benefits and growth, which involves both sides. “Shift in space” stresses the concrete steps for achieving the “China’s dream” of rejuvenation.
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Levtov, Marianna. "Chinese Diplomacy Discourse in the Prism of the Relations with the Sub-Saharan Region." Advances in Politics and Economics 4, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): p80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v4n4p80.
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Chinese economic reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping have given China the necessary push for the development and growth of the domestic economy. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) under Xi Jinping claims, that the originally planned transformation is completed, and China is ready for achieving new goals, such as first peripherical and, later, global dominance, leadership in manufacturing and technology and probably even the moral benchmark. The PRC presents a new model of global order with its active position as the super nation.Chinese current behaviour on the international stage is the direct illustration of the political thought of Xi Jinping. To understand the main principles and the vision of the PRC under Xi, his principles of diplomacy have been analysed.This paper claims, that the rhetoric of Xi Jinping and his administration is a neo-pragmatic approach, which includes nativism, anti-traditionalism and pragmatism within.The article takes as a case study for the implementation of the Chinese foreign policy the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) member states.Contrarily to the American dominance, China suggests guidance, collaboration with mutual benefits and growth, which involves both sides. “Shift in space” stresses the concrete steps for achieving the “China’s dream” of rejuvenation.
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Nasong'o, Shadrack Wanjala. "Political Transition without Transformation: The Dialectic of Liberalization without Democratization in Kenya and Zambia." African Studies Review 50, no. 1 (April 2007): 83–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2005.0126.
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Abstract:The decade from 1990 to 2000 saw a total of seventy-eight top leadership elections involving forty-three of the forty-eight sub-Saharan African countries. Of these, only twenty-one elections led to power transition from an incumbent to an opposition political party in nineteen countries. Paradoxically, even where there was such transition, authoritarian tendencies persisted. Focusing on Kenya and Zambia, this article argues and seeks to demonstrate that the limited number of transitions from an incumbent regime to an opposition party and the persistence of authoritarianism are a function of political liberalization without democratization of political institutions and rules of the political game.
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Chepkorir, Jennifer, Naphtali Agata, Nicholas Kiambi, and Brenda Nangehe. "Institutionalizing Leadership Management and Governance for Health System Strengthening in Emerging Economies: Evidence from the Partnership for Health System Strengthening in Africa (PHSSA)Programme." European Journal of Business and Management Research 6, no. 6 (November 15, 2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.6.1132.
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Health systems in an emerging economy, specifically Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are characterized as fragile with low implementation of Universal Health Coverage. While acknowledging that the cause of the inadequacy in emerging economies is multi-factorial, other arguments are that the root cause is inadequate political and technical leadership. Evidence reveals that visionary, imaginative, decisive, responsible, and responsive leadership is insufficient to persuade all stakeholders in low-income nations in Sub-Saharan Africa to work together to attain the constructive goal of universal coverage. On the contrary, other academics suggest that successful leadership would establish a clear national vision for universal coverage and a commitment to achieving that objective over time. These contrasting observations motivated an interrogation of the link between health system governance and Universal Health Coverage in an emerging economy taking evidence from the PHSSA programme. Through a meta-analysis of the existing literature as well as analysis of the findings from the programme, the paper explores experiences, critical success factors and recommendations for improvement of UHC through institutionalizing health system governance in an emerging economy. The research provides evidence that the governance linkages in health systems and the outcomes they produce are contingent rather than assured, due to the variety and complexity inherent in the health system governance paradigm. The situation-specific setting of a country's health system determines what can be accomplished through health governance strategy design and implementation efforts. The paper recommends a need to create a conducive environment for adoption of health systems programmes by contextualizing health governance with regard to the larger set of governance institutions that surround it. A competency framework should also be adopted in recruitment of competent health managers. The study also recommends a need for the countries in seeking to institutionalize health system governance to develop and support an organizational structure and context that sustains leadership practices through advocacy, create an enabling environment for health systems leadership, management and governance through the development of ethics and other competences specific to universal health care situations as well as provide proper financial support system so that institutionalization of leadership, management and governance can have maximum impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of health systems. There is also a need to institutionalize short courses, seminars and conferences in health leadership, management, and governance so as to entrench participatory leadership in health systems.
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Frimpong-Boateng, Kwabena, and Frank Edwin. "Surgical leadership in Africa – challenges and opportunities." Innovative Surgical Sciences 4, no. 2 (April 2, 2019): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iss-2018-0036.
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AbstractSurgical care has been described as one of the Cinderellas in the global health development agenda, taking a backseat to public health, child health, and infectious diseases. In the midst of such competing health-care needs, surgical care, often viewed by policy makers as luxurious and the preserve of the rich, gets relegated to the bottom of priority lists. In the meantime, infectious disease, malnutrition, and other ailments, viewed as largely affecting the poor and disadvantaged in society, get embedded in national health plans, receiving substantial funding and public health program development. It is often stated that the main reason for this sad state of affairs in surgical care is the lack of political will to improve matters in the health sector. Indeed, in 2001, the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health concluded that the lack of political will to sufficiently increase spending on health at the sub-national, national, and international levels was perhaps the most critical barrier to improving health in low-income countries. However, at the root of this lack of political will is a lack of political priority for surgical care.
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Innocent, Akor Abbah. "Contributions of Tertiary Education in Sub-Sahara Africa." Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy 6, no. 10 (October 21, 2022): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2022.v06i10.003.
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This article reviewed the contributions of Tertiary Education in Sub-Sahara Africa. It extols the impact of the global application of education in social, economic and political development in sub-Sahara Africa. The paper highlighted the Aims of tertiary education in sub-Sahara Africa such as Production of the much-needed high-level manpower essential for the nation’s growth and development, provision of centers of excellence in teaching, research and storehouses of knowledge for nurturing the manpower needs of the nation, promotion and encouragement of scholarship and community services, teaching and research and development. The Conceptual Links of the contributions of tertiary Education in sub-Sahara Africa were succinctly analyzed in the paper. Similarly, the Crux of Tertiary Education in sub-Sahara Africa was meticulously explained in the review. Some African Countries with concrete commitments to Tertiary education such as Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Djibouti, Guinea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Uganda were showcased in the study. It further unveiled the Challenges of tertiary Education in sub-Sahara Africa such as inadequate funding, inadequate teaching staff, poor policy implementation, lack of resources, lack of information communication technology facilities, frequent labour disputes and closures of tertiary institutions, brain drain and poor leadership. The paper was recapped by putting forward the prospects to effective tertiary education in sub- Sahara Africa.
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SCHMIDT, ELIZABETH. "COLD WAR IN GUINEA: THE RASSEMBLEMENT DÉMOCRATIQUE AFRICAIN AND THE STRUGGLE OVER COMMUNISM, 1950–1958." Journal of African History 48, no. 1 (March 2007): 95–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853707002551.
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When the Cold War broke out in Western Europe at the end of the Second World War, France was a key battleground. Its Cold War choices played out in the empire as well as in the métropole. After communist party ministers were ousted from the tripartite government in 1947, repression against communists and their associates intensified – both in the Republic and overseas. In French sub-Saharan Africa, the primary victims of this repression were members of the Rassemblement Démocratique Africain (RDA), an interterritorial alliance of political parties with affiliates in most of the 14 territories of French West and Equatorial Africa, and in the United Nations trusts of Togo and Cameroon. When, under duress, RDA parliamentarians severed their ties with the Parti Communiste Français (PCF) in 1950, grassroots activists in Guinea opposed the break. Their voices muted throughout most of the decade, Leftist militants regained preeminence in 1958, when trade unionists, students, the party's women's and youth wings, and other grassroots actors pushed the Guinean RDA to reject a constitution that would have relegated the country to junior partnership in the French Community, and to proclaim Guinea's independence instead. Guinea's vote for independence, and its break with the interterritorial RDA in this regard, were the culmination of a decade-long struggle between grassroots activists on the political Left and the party's territorial and interterritorial leadership for control of the political agenda.
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Babou, Cheikh A. "A West African Sufi Master on the Global Stage: Cheikh Abdoulaye Dièye and the Khidmatul Khadim International Sufi School in France and the United States." African Diaspora 4, no. 1 (2011): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187254611x566099.
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Abstract The recent wave of West African Muslim migration to the West started after the Great War and gained momentum in the 1960s. Sub-Saharan Africans have been particularly successful in finding a niche in Europe and North America partly because of the connection between immigrants and centers of Islamic spirituality and knowledge in Africa provided by a dynamic leadership that straddles the three continents. Based on extensive interviews in the United States and in France and on the examination of Murid internal sources and scholarly secondary literature, this article investigates the efforts of the late Sufi sheikh, Abdoulaye Dièye, to expand the Muridiyya Muslim tariqa in France and North America. I am particularly interested in examining the foundations of Dièye’s appeal, his struggle to earn legitimacy and relevance on the global stage, and the response of diverse constituencies to his calling. I contend that the attraction of Dièye’s teachings to Europeans, Americans, and Africans in the diaspora, is rooted in his dual cultural outlook as a Western educated and traditionally trained Murid.
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Omotuyi, Sunday. "Reassessing the Power of a Sub-Regional Security Provider: The Case of Nigeria in the Gambian Crisis." African Review 48, no. 2 (September 2, 2021): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1821889x-12340056.
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Abstract Nigeria’s traditional role as a security provider in West Africa being a sub-regional hegemon and mainspring of the ECOWAS has enjoyed scholarly engagement since the end of the Cold War. Its advocacy for the ‘African solutions to African problems’ has been a critical component of its African diplomacy since independence in 1960. This advocacy finds its loudest expression in the leadership roles it played in peacekeeping efforts in the continent in tandem with what has been dubbed Pax-Nigeriana. However, Nigeria’s intervention in the Gambian political crisis has generated endless controversies in light of its regional hegemonic disposition. The study, against this background, investigates its intervention in this tiny West African country. It argues, within the context of hegemonic stability theory, that its intervention presents little evidence to suggest that Abuja’s ‘leadership role’ in the resolution of the crisis is indicative of hegemonic influence.
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Loewenson, Rene, Sue Godt, and Pascalina Chanda-Kapata. "Asserting public health interest in acting on commercial determinants of health in sub-Saharan Africa: insights from a discourse analysis." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 7 (July 2022): e009271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009271.
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The actors influencing the commercial determinants of health (CDOH) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have different interests and lenses around the costs and benefits of market influences in health. We analysed the views and priorities on CDOH in the discourse of global and regional agencies, SSA governments, private investors and companies, civil society and academia through a desk review of online publications post-2010, validated by purposively selected key informant interviews.The most polarised views were between civil society and academia on one hand, focused more on harms, and private business/investors on the other, almost exclusively focused on benefits. Others had mixed messaging, encouraging partnerships with commercial actors for health benefits and also voicing cautions over negative health impacts. Views also differed between transnational and domestic business and investors.Three areas of discourse stood out, demonstrating also tensions between commercial and public health objectives. These were the role of human rights as fundamental for or obstacle to engaging commercial practice in health; the development paradigm and role of a neoliberal political economy generating harms or opportunities for health; and the implications of commercial activity in health services. COVID-19 has amplified debate, generating demand for public sectors to incentivise commercial activity to ‘modernise’ and digitise health services and meet funding gaps and generating new thinking and engagement on domestic production of key health inputs.Power plays a critical role in CDOH. Commercial actors in SSA increase their influence through discursive and agential forms of power and take advantage of the structural power gained from a dominant view of free markets and for-profit commerce as essential for well-being. As a counterfactual, we found and present options for using these same three forms of narrative, agential and structural power to proactively advance public health objectives and leadership on CDOH in SSA.
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Pype, Katrien. "Visual media and political communication: reporting about suffering in Kinshasa." Journal of Modern African Studies 49, no. 4 (November 9, 2011): 625–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x11000504.
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ABSTRACTMany sub-Saharan African societies have undergone significant political shifts in the last two decades. Changes in political representation and leadership have generated new forms of political mediation and communication. This article interrogates one of the most visible transformations in Kinshasa's political society: television news reports about urban misery, often resulting from a malfunctioning state, in which Kinshasa's inhabitants testify about their difficulties and press fellow citizens, as well as local and national leaders, to bring about change. Exposing suffering is a shame mobilisation strategy, and so becomes a political act. Through the discursive and visual aesthetics of the proximity account, citizens and political leaders are inserted into one political community. The main argument of this article is that the proximity account illustrates a new kind of political communication. In this article I analyse the socio-political contexts in which the proximity report emerged and became popular. I trace the materialisation of this new kind of interaction between political leaders and citizens to the transformation of the late Zaïrian ‘state’, to vernacular understandings of ‘democracy’, and to the influence of NGO activities and Pentecostal Christianity.
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Clapham, Christopher. "John Wiseman." Journal of Modern African Studies 38, no. 2 (June 2000): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x99009891.
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The Journal of Modern African Studies deeply regrets to announce the death of the Book Reviews Editor, Dr John Wiseman, on 5 March 2000.John Wiseman, Senior Lecturer in African Politics at the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, died of cancer on 5 March 2000, at the tragically early age of 54. John was always proud to have been a product of the Department of Government at Manchester, where he took both his undergraduate degree and his Ph.D. with Bill Tordoff and Dennis Austin between 1968 and 1974, completing his Ph.D. under Bill's supervision on ‘The Organisation of Political Conflict in Botswana’. He then taught for three years at Ahmadu Bello University, before taking up what proved to be his lifetime post at Newcastle in 1977.Sceptical of theory, and moved by a deep love of Africa, John always saw African politics as deriving from the needs, aspirations and struggles of individual Africans, rather than from grand global narratives. This was an approach that encouraged the empathetic and fieldwork-based study of individual African states, first in Botswana, but also in his second African home, The Gambia, while at the time of his death he was working on Malawi. It also led to an interest in leadership, expressed in his Political Leaders in Black Africa (1991), and to an abiding conviction that Africans were every bit as capable as anyone else in the world, given half a chance, of managing effective multi-party democracies. This conviction was expressed in his two major books, Democracy in Black Africa: Survival and Revival (1990), and The New Struggle for Democracy in Africa (1996), as well as an edited volume, Democracy and Political Change in Sub-Saharan Africa (1995). Fittingly, the last publication before his death was ‘The Continuing Case for Demo-Optimism in Africa’, Democratization (1999).A lifetime enthusiast, John made an enormous contribution to the study of Africa, as teacher, colleague and friend. His final-year undergraduate course on African politics at Newcastle regularly attracted more than seventy students a year. He was an active member of ASAUK, especially in organising conference panels and serving on its Executive Committee, and was Book Review Editor first of The Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, and from 1997 of The Journal of Modern African Studies. He will be deeply missed, both amongst the Africanist community in the United Kingdom, and in those parts of the continent that he knew and loved. A memorial fund has been established, and will be donated to projects in those parts of Africa with which John was most closely associated. Cheques should be made payable to the ‘University of Newcastle’, and sent to Mrs Joan Davison, Department of Politics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle- upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU.Pending the appointment of a new Book Reviews Editor, all reviews and correspondence should be sent to the Editor, Christopher Clapham, at the University of Lancaster.
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Von Danwitz, Thomas. "Good Governance in the Hands of the Judiciary: Lessons from the European Example." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 13, no. 1 (June 14, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2010/v13i1a2627.
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It is certainly well observed that the subject matter of good governance, by its mere terminology, constitutes a fairly recent evolution which has been, notably in the 1990’s, closely linked to the idea of giving a new impetus to development policy, in particular in Sub-Saharan Africa. The new terminology has received widespread interest which has made the political call for good governance a central feature of development policy[1] ever since it has been put on the international agenda by a World Bank study in 1989.[2] Despite a rising number of critics claiming this concept to be without any substance and asking whether it would be new after all,[3] the idea of good governance has flourished ever since and has certainly evolved into a transnational concept of political leadership, a real leitmotiv for a common approach to the way how our global village should be governed.[4] The incredible success story of the striving for good governance is, in my view, due to three cumulative aspects which certainly contributed a great deal to the general agreement that good governance is a concept without proper alternative: Firstly, the concept of good governance is self-evident. It needs nothing else but common sense[5] to be understood: Entrepreneurs will not invest in unstable countries and people, whether entrepreneurs or not, will not wish to live there, if they can afford to go elsewhere.[6] Secondly, the concept of good governance is sufficiently vague to absorb a great variety of political preferences as well as substantive differences. Its flexibility is most certainly the reason why it has met so little resistance and found so much support. And thirdly, it was issued at the right point in time when public opinion was profoundly marked by the experience of the revolutionary force of glasnost and the general inability of corrupt regimes around the world to meet today's challenges.[7]* Thomas von Danwitz. D.I.A.P. (ENA, Paris), Judge at the European Court of Justice, Luxemburg/Cologne.[1] Graf Vitzthum Völkerrecht 6.part points 33 et seq.[2] The World Bank Sub-Saharan Africa 60.[3] See De Waal 2002 International Affairs 463.[4] See Dolzer 2004 ZaöRV 535. [5] Dolzer 2004 ZaöRV 536.[6] See Squires 2004 Cov L J 45 and 54.[7] See Cygan 2002 MLR 229.
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Desta, Yemane. "A Comparative Study of Corruption in the Extractive Industries of Nigeria and Botswana: Lessons that can Be Learnt by the Young African Country of Eritrea." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i3.17810.
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This article examines the nature of corruption in the extractive industries of two Sub-Saharan countries, namely Nigeria and Botswana. It explained the root causes of the high levels of corruption present in the case of oil and gas-rich Nigeria and the reasons that account for the minimal levels of corruption prevailing in diamond-rich Botswana. This article identified corrupt political leadership; the legacy of the divide and rule policies introduced by the former British colonial masters; lack of transparent and accountable public institutions, political patronage networks; poverty-driven desire to meet the basic necessities of life; massive inflows of petrodollars producing the “resource curse”; chronic political disruptions characterized by several military coups; the supremacy of familial, ethnic and religious loyalties over national interest and poor public sector pay as the main drivers of pervasive corruption in Nigeria. On the other hand the primary factors that contributed to the remarkable achievement of Botswana in the fight against corruption include ethical political leadership; sound pre-independence traditional institutions; relatively homogenous population; respect for rule of law and property rights; high degree of transparency; cultural intolerance to graft, establishment of democratic institutions at independence; good economic management; ability to manage ethnic diversity; and a competent, a meritorious bureaucracy. This article also identified the key elements of anticorruption strategy that would help prevent and combat corruption as well enhance integrity in the Eritrean public sector based on the experiences of Nigeria and Botswana. They include sound ethical political leadership; transparency and accountability in government; merit-based and adequately paid civil service; independent, empowered and well-resourced anticorruption commission; and prudent natural resource management.
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F.C., Chilaka, and Peter T.O. "Resurgence of Military Coups in West Africa: Implications for ECOWAS." African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research 5, no. 2 (May 19, 2022): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-w9f5vaxe.
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The resurgence of military coups in West Africa has been alarming in the last decade. With over 20 failed and successful coups in recent times, the implication of this to the peace, security and stability of the region has raised serious concerns among scholars. This growing concern comes from the argument that democracy is dying as well as failing in the sub-region. More so, the sub-region is confronted with grave security, (banditry, terrorism, arms proliferation, drug trafficking, among other forms of crimes and criminality) economic (rising poverty, declining economic growth), citizens’ discontent and leadership crisis. As such, the spate of coups has been seen as the product of the aforementioned issues. ECOWAS as a sub-regional body with the task of promoting economic and political development through integration cannot fulfil this goal in the current state of coups. Therefore, this study seeks to interrogate the implications of these coups on the effectiveness of the sub-regional institution in promoting peace and maintaining democracy. Relying essentially on qualitative data, predicated on the regulative capability analytical framework, which is an integral part of Almond’s General Systems theory, the paper argues that the current approach of sanctions as a deterrent to coups is not effective enough as it affects the citizens than the military. Given this, the paper recommends that ECOWAS strengthens sub-regional democracy, promotes good governance and addresses the challenges of leadership in West Africa.
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Nicolini, Beatrice. "The Myth of the Sultans in the Western Indian Ocean during the Nineteenth Century: A New Hypothesis." African and Asian Studies 8, no. 3 (2009): 239–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921009x458109.
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Abstract The power of the Al Bu Sa'id Sultans of Oman was widely known as based on delicate balances of forces (and ethnic-social groups), deeply different among them. In fact, the elements that composed the nineteenth century Omani leadership were, and had always been, generally 'divided' amongst three different ethnic groups: the Baluch, the Asian merchant communities and the African regional leaders (Mwiny Mkuu). Within this framework, the role played by European Powers, particularly by the Treaties signed between the Sultans of Oman and the East India Company for abolishing slavery, and by the arms trade was crucial for the development of the Gulf and the Western Indian Ocean international networks They highly contributed to the gradual 'shifting' of the Omanis from the slave trade to clove and spice cultivation – the major economic source of Zanzibar Island – along the coastal area of Sub-Saharan East Africa. The role played by the Omani Sultans – the myth – within the western traditional historiography, which often described them as firmly controlling both the Arabian and African littorals and the major trading ports of the Western Indian Ocean during the nineteenth century, will be reexamined in this paper, taking into account recent research studies and international debates in the topic. The new hypothesis consists of a different perception of the concepts of power and control (political and territorial) of the Western Indian Ocean littorals by the most famous of the Sultans of Oman during the nineteenth century: Saiyid Sa'id bin Sultan Al Bu Sa'id.
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Coultas, Mimi, Mable Mideva Chanza, Ruhil Iyer, Lambert Karangwa, Jimmy Eric Kariuki, Hodaka Kosugi, Talia Timani Meeuwissen, et al. "Galvanising and fostering sub-national government leadership for area-wide sanitation programming." H2Open Journal 5, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2022.022.
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Abstract Government leadership at both the national and sub-national levels is an essential step towards ensuring safely managed sanitation services for all. Though the importance of sub-national government leadership for water, sanitation and hygiene is widely acknowledged, to date much of the focus has been on the delivery of water services. This article sets out to start to address this imbalance by focusing on practical ways to galvanise and foster sub-national government leadership for sanitation programming. By focusing on the experiences across three sub-national areas in East Africa where positive changes in the prioritisation of sanitation by local governments have been witnessed, we (a group of researchers, local government representatives and development partner staff) cross-examine and identify lessons learnt. The results presented in this paper and subsequent discussion provide practical recommendations for those wishing to trigger a change in political will at the local level and create the foundation to strengthen sanitation governance and the wider system needed to ensure service delivery for all.
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Tiryakian, Edward A. "The Missing Religious Factor in Imagined Communities." American Behavioral Scientist 55, no. 10 (September 13, 2011): 1395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764211409563.
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Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities has redrawn understanding of the loci and agents of modern nationalism. Whereas standard interpretations had privileged the movements of modernity of Western nation-states, Anderson’s analysis gave priority to the role of peripheral elites in “imagining the nation” beyond the boundaries of the everyday world. What Anderson leaves out altogether in his seminal study is the bearing of the religious factor in various peripheral settings in such regions as sub-Sahara Africa and East Asia. This article, extending Max Weber’s notion of charismatic leadership, proposes that in concrete cases of “colonial situations” in Africa and in two East Asian countries of weak states, religio-political figures arose seeking a new social order that had mass appeal. Their successes and failures should be seen as integral comparative aspects of nationalism and modernity
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Fletcher-Nkile, Leilanie, Busisiwe Mrara, and Olanrewaju Oladimeji. "A Phenominological Qualitative Study of Factors Influencing the Migration of South African Anaesthetists." Healthcare 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112165.
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Background: The anaesthetic workforce is a scarce resource in South Africa (SA), and the media frequently reports that anaesthetists are leaving the country in search of better opportunities in well-resourced countries. The aim of this study was to explore the factors influencing the migration intentions of South African anaesthetists. Methods: This study utilised a qualitative methodology in the form of virtual interviews. A total of 23 interviews were conducted on purposefully selected participants using a snowball approach. The interviews were transcribed and coded into emerging themes using MAXQDA version 2022. Thematic content analysis was subsequently performed. Results: The study found that all SA-based participants were considering emigrating, while those who had already emigrated had no plans to return to SA in the near future. Push factors prompted the consideration of emigration, and these were related to unsatisfactory living and working conditions in South Africa, such as a high level of crime and corruption, and the country’s overall poor resources and infrastructure. Destination countries were chosen based on their pull factors such as better working conditions and opportunities for professional growth. These pull factors frequently outweighed South Africa’s push factors and are therefore critical in the decision to emigrate. The main recommendations from the participants include facilitating collaboration between the public and private sectors, expanding the available sub-specialties in SA, and recognising fellowships in South African hospitals. The study participants were of the view that South African anaesthesiologists would be motivated to stay by a combination of patriotism and hope for the future. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations: The Anaesthetic workforce in South Africa is at critical risk and is unlikely to stabilise soon. Concerted efforts should be made by all concerned to explore ways of retaining the staff, considering the recommendations of the participants. Relevant key stakeholders in training and regulation of anaesthetics practice such as the Health Professions Council of South Africa, South African Society of Anaesthesiologists, and the Colleges of Medicine of South Africa should collaborate and prioritise mechanisms of monitoring emigration and intervening on modifiable professional and socio-political factors.
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Hahn, Hans Peter, and Thompson Gyedu Kwarkye. "Inherited Political Structures in Ghana: What Role for Networks and Hierarchies in Explaining Their Efficiency?" Soziale Systeme 25, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sosys-2020-0005.
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Abstract This paper starts from the fundamental assumption that many political structures in Sub Sahara Africa are characterized by both networks and hierarchies that are shaping interactions and relationships in a manifold of ways. Based on ethnographic evidence from Kpandai district in Ghana, this paper provides answers to questions of complementarity and competition. The plural legal system that exists at the micro levels enables female customary leadership that builds on hierarchical grounds to maintain horizontal relationships. Thus, while maintaining vertical structures through hierarchies, Nawuri women leaders act via networks as interconnected nodes and maintain their independence as social agents for the benefit of their communities. Their roles are complementing male leadership and ensure the flow of authority, establish power, and provide a sense of security in supporting local governance and human security at the grassroots level. In all fields mentioned, female leaders are relying on the horizontal flow of command, consensus and control to maintain their status and remain relevant at the micro levels. This paper concludes by noting that the female customary leaders will continue to use networks to provide basic services in the district. This will not only guarantee efficiency of political initiatives but also harness and sustainable use of local resources.
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A. K. Johnson, Ermel, Ijeoma N. Okedo-Alex, Sitsofe Gbogbo, Arnold I. Okpani, Selina Defor, Felix A. Obi, Jean-Paul Dossou, and Ejemai A. Eboreme. "The experience of a regional network of health policy and systems actors in translating evidence into policy and action in West Africa." Ghana Medical Journal 56, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v56i3s.11.
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Objectives: To identify strategies and interventions to strengthen the generation and use of research evidence in health policy and practice decision-making and implementation in the West African sub-region (knowledge translation).Design: The study design was cross-sectional. Data sources were from a desk review, West African Network of Emerging Leaders (WANEL) member brainstorming, and group discussion outputs from WANEL members and session participants’ discussions and reflections during an organised session at the 2019 African Health Economics and Policy Association meeting in Accra.Results: Strategies and interventions identified included developing a Community of Practice, a repository of health policy and systems research (HPSR) evidence, stakeholder mapping, and engagement for action, advocacy, and partnership. Approaches for improving evidence uptake beyond traditional knowledge translation activities included the use of cultural considerations in presenting research results and mentoring younger people, the presentation of results in the form of solutions to political problems for decision-makers, and the use of research results as advocacy tools by civil society organisations. Development of skills in stakeholder mapping, advocacy, effective presentation of research results, leadership skills, networking, and network analysis for researchers was also identified as important.Conclusions: To strengthen the generation and use of research evidence in health policy and practice decision-making in West Africa requires capacity building and multiple interventions targeted synergistically at researchers, decision-makers, and practitioners.
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Harries, Anthony D., Erik J. Schouten, Anne Ben-Smith, Rony Zachariah, Sam Phiri, Wesley O. O. Sangala, and Andreas Jahn. "Health leadership in sub-Saharan Africa." Tropical Doctor 39, no. 4 (September 17, 2009): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/td.2009.090022.
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Seale, Anna C., Nega Assefa, Lola Madrid, Stefanie Wittmann, Hanan Abdurahman, Nardos Teferi, Letta Gedefa, et al. "Setting up child health and mortality prevention surveillance in Ethiopia." Gates Open Research 5 (February 14, 2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13395.2.
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Background: Mortality rates for children under five years of age, and stillbirth risks, remain high in parts of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network aims to ascertain causes of child death in high child mortality settings (>50 deaths/1000 live-births). We aimed to develop a “greenfield” site for CHAMPS, based in Harar and Kersa, in Eastern Ethiopia. This very high mortality setting (>100 deaths/1000 live-births in Kersa) had limited previous surveillance capacity, weak infrastructure and political instability. Here we describe site development, from conception in 2015 to the end of the first year of recruitment. Methods: We formed a collaboration between Haramaya University and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and engaged community, national and international partners to support a new CHAMPS programme. We developed laboratory infrastructure and recruited and trained staff. We established project specific procedures to implement CHAMPS network protocols including; death notifications, clinical and demographic data collection, post-mortem minimally invasive tissue sampling, microbiology and pathology testing, and verbal autopsy. We convened an expert local panel to determine cause-of-death. In partnership with the Ethiopian Public Health Institute we developed strategies to improve child and maternal health. Results: Despite considerable challenge, with financial support, personal commitment, and effective partnership, we successfully initiated CHAMPS. One year into recruitment (February 2020), we had received 1173 unique death notifications, investigated 59/99 MITS-eligible cases within the demographic surveillance site, and assigned an underlying and immediate cause of death to 53 children. Conclusions: The most valuable data for global health policy are from high-mortality settings, but initiating CHAMPS has required considerable resource. To further leverage this investment, we need strong, sustained, local research leadership, and to broaden the scientific remit. To support this, we have set up a new collaboration, the “Hararghe Health Research Partnership”.
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Shedrack, Igboke C. "Agitations for Regime Change and Political Restructuring: Implications on National Integration and Development in Nigeria." UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 21, no. 3 (May 19, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v21i3.1.
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The formation of organizations at global, regional and sub-regional levels among nation-states, especially after the World War II in 1945 was to nip n the bud situation that could escalate into war and promote global peace. It was also to promote political, economic and socio-cultural unity and welfare among member states. It was on this premise that the United Nations (UN), organizations of Africa Union (OAU) now AU, Arab League, European Union (EU), etc were formed to promote unity among nation states. The main thrust of this paper was to analyze the implications of agitation by various ethnic groups on national integration and development in Africa. The paper also x-rays the nexus between leadership failure and development in Nigeria. The study was anchore0d on the structural functionalism theory to address agitations and conflict among ethnic groups in Nigeria. This theory recognizes the need for restructuring the political system that will enable each component unit to function effectively for sustainable development. The study relied on much of the data scooped from secondary sources such as textbooks, internet materials, magazines, newspaper, journals etc. The study found out that agitations and conflict among ethnic groups was threat to national integration and development, citing the case of Indigenous people of Biafra popularly known as IPOB, Niger Delta militant, etc. The paper concluded that national integration was the bedrock to peace and national development in Nigeria. It was also recommended that government should desist from the actions and inactions that are threat to national integration and peace. The study recommended that Nigerian government should seriously focus on empowerment and investment in youth, through education, skill acquisition and also implementing policy that will eliminate all forms of agitations. The paper equally recommended adoption of regional government and true Federalism to address the problems of national development.
Keywords: Agitations, regime change, political restructuring, integration, and development
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Wanasika, Isaac, Jon P. Howell, Romie Littrell, and Peter Dorfman. "Managerial Leadership and Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of World Business 46, no. 2 (April 2011): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2010.11.004.
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Bush, Tony, Mofoluwake Fadare, Tamuka Chirimambowa, Emmanuel Enukorah, Daniel Musa, Hala Nur, Tatenda Nyawo, and Maureen Shipota. "Instructional leadership in sub-Saharan Africa: policy and practice." International Journal of Educational Management 36, no. 1 (November 3, 2021): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-01-2021-0027.
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PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to report the findings of a synthesis of literature reviews and stakeholder interviews conducted in Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The synthesis provides an overview of instructional leadership policy and practice in these six countries.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reports the findings of a systematic literature review, and participant interviews, in six sub-Sahara African countries. The research links to the British Council's initiative to develop instructional leadership in developing contexts, including the six countries featured in this submission.FindingsThe findings show diverse policy and practice of instructional leadership in these African contexts. Three have no explicit policies on this important leadership construct, while the others have relevant policy statements but limited evidence of instructional leadership practice.Research limitations/implicationsThe research provides an overview of instructional leadership policy and practice in these six countries, but more school-based research is required to develop grounded evidence on whether and how this is practiced. The pandemic inhibited such school-based research in 2020. The study provides emerging evidence of the impact of instructional leadership on school and student outcomes, confirming what is known from international research.Practical implicationsDeveloping awareness of how instructional leadership can improve student learning, linked to appropriate training, could lead to more effective schools.Social implicationsThe Sustainable Development Goals stress the importance of high quality education for economic and social development. Leadership is an important aspect of quality, and the research reported in this paper shows the potential for instructional leadership to enhance student learning.Originality/valueThis is the first cross-national study of instructional leadership in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Welsh, David. "Ethnicity in sub-Saharan Africa." International Affairs 72, no. 3 (July 1996): 477–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2625552.
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Obadare, Ebenezer. "Book Review: Sub-Saharan Africa." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 31, no. 1 (January 2002): 231–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298020310010932.
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Newitt, Malyn. "Book Review: Sub-Saharan Africa." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 31, no. 2 (March 2002): 431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298020310020228.
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Taylor, Ian. "Book Review: Sub-Saharan Africa." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 31, no. 3 (July 2002): 766–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298020310030433.
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Alden, Chris. "Book Review: Sub-Saharan Africa." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 32, no. 1 (February 2003): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298030320010736.
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Thakur, Monika. "Book Review: Sub-Saharan Africa." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 32, no. 3 (December 2003): 725–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298030320030424.
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Lancaster, Carol. "Democratisation in Sub‐Saharan Africa." Survival 35, no. 3 (September 1993): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396339308442698.
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Mawejje, Joseph, and Stein Terje Holden. "Social capital, shocks and livestock investments: evidence from Masaka District, Uganda." International Journal of Development Issues 13, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-12-2013-0092.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of a household's social capital in the form of community group participation and empirically analyses the roles that social capital plays in helping rural households rebuild productive assets after shocks. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, social capital is modelled as a household's intensity of group participation measured by the density and active participation in group activities as well as their multiplicative and additive indices. Instrumental variable methods were used to address the problem of endogeneity associated with social capital. Findings – The results indicate that household characteristics such as age, education level, dependence ratio and years of village residence as well as village-level characteristics such as the village population density are critical determinants of social capital. In addition, social capital measured in form of density of participation in group activities and attendance score as well as multiplicative and additive indices of these have significant positive effects on the household ability to rebuild livestock assets. Research limitations/implications – The authors realize that several weakness in the approach could compromise the validity of the findings. These weaknesses include: the cross-sectional nature of the data, the omitted variable bias, the endogeneity concerns of social capital and the identification strategy, sample size and the dimensions the authors chose to measure social capital. Future research should explore the factors that can help households to engage more in-group activities. Practical implications – The findings have important implications for government policy especially in areas of agricultural development and poverty reduction. Specifically, governments should pay close attention to the various social groups as they can serve as important channels to achieve better social economic outcomes, including the accumulation of rural assets, as is the case with livestock assets in rural Uganda. Social implications – Many governments in Sub-Saharan Africa are constrained to provide basic public goods to the people. This is due to a combination of limited budgets and lack of good leadership. In such circumstances, the people have to rely on their collective/social effort to take advantage of market opportunities. Such opportunities can be accessed using the existing social structures whose norms and the trust between members permit cooperation. Originality/value – The study contributes to a small but growing empirical literature on social groups and how they can mediate social economic outcomes especially for rural households. The empirical estimations take into consideration the endogeneity concerns associated with social network capital. The paper will be useful for policy makers and researchers who may have a keen interest in the roles that group activities play in agricultural development and poverty reduction.
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Seidman, Ann, Art Hansen, Della E. McMillan, and Theodore Cohn. "Food in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of African Historical Studies 20, no. 3 (1987): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219694.
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Mwambazambi, Kalemba, and Albert K. Banza. "Developing transformational leadership for sub-Saharan Africa: Essential missiological considerations for church workers." Verbum et Ecclesia 35, no. 1 (January 14, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v35i1.849.
Full textAbstract:
Aware of the particular importance of efficient leadership for Africa, this article investigates how Africans can develop the kind of leadership their continent needs to contribute to effective transformation. Therefore, essential notions and procedures are analysed and described; the meaning and qualities of transformational leadership that can effect solid transformation of both individuals and their communities are explained. Lack of theoretical and practical understanding of effective leadership, colonial history of the continent, inappropriate spirituality amongst post-colonial Africans, poor ethical role-modelling in African communities, and poor awareness of the need for effective leadership development are amongst the main causes of poor leadership in African communities. So, developing efficacious transformational leadership for Africa requires that the causes of poor leadership be removed. Subsequently, the flourishing of the strong moral and socio-political qualities necessary for solid transformational leadership equally demands an intentional work.