Relevant bibliographies by topics / Political leadership

Academic literature on the topic 'Political leadership'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Political leadership"

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Bell, David S. "Political leadership." Government and Opposition 49, no. 1 (September 19, 2013): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2013.34.

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Efianda, Angela, and Iswahyuni Iswahyuni. "Political Leadership and Transactional Leadership." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no. 9 (September 5, 2021): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i9.3020.

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Leadership is the activity to influences others in order to guide them towards a certain goal (Miftah Thoha, 2013; 121). A leader is someone with capabilities and advantages so that they can influences and guides others to work together for a similar goal. Political leadership covers a wide range of topics due to how a country are constituted by structures designed to run it. Transactional leadership occurs because by default leadership is a form of social control between the leader and its subordinates. Transactional leadership or often called transactional politics has become its own problem. A normal kind of leadership when applied on other fields might become biased and pose a certain problem in the political sphere. Transactional politics can be hard to avoid especially in a presidential government system which involves multiple political parties. Transactional leadership is the kind of leadership modeled to attain a certain goal by giving rewards as well as guiding and controlling the subordinates so that they can work effectively and efficiently. It also focuses more on inter individual transaction, between the members and its managers.
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Brown, Archie. "Political Leadership and Political Power." Полис. Политические исследования, no. 1 (January 25, 2016): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2016.01.08.

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Schöttli, Jivanta. "Contemporary political leadership." Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 53, no. 3 (June 5, 2015): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2015.1044589.

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Fleischer, Julia. "Comparative Political Leadership." West European Politics 36, no. 4 (July 2013): 888–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2013.794561.

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Cole, Alistair. "Studying Political Leadership: The Case of François Mitterrand." Political Studies 42, no. 3 (September 1994): 453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1994.tb01688.x.

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The study of political leadership, in France and elsewhere, must be appreciated in terms of the interaction between leadership resources (personal and positional) on the one hand, and environmental constraints and opportunities on the other. This article proposes a general framework for appraising comparative liberal democratic political leaderships. It illustrates the possibilities of the framework by evaluating the political leadership of the French President François Mitterrand.
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Kaptein, N. J. G. "Review: Malay Political Leadership * Anthony S. K. Shome: Malay Political Leadership." Journal of Islamic Studies 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 399–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jis/15.3.399.

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Samadovich, Makhmudov Komal. "POLITICAL POWER, POLITICAL REGIME AND POLITICAL LEADER IDIOSYNCRATIC CRICKET." International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental 3, no. 12 (December 1, 2023): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijmef/volume03issue12-03.

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This article highlights the problems of the political regime, political power and political leadership, the relationship, actions, the essence of organizations, the specific role and functions of institutions of power in the formation of state power and management, and the implementation in practice.
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Kjaer, Ulrik. "Urban Political Leadership and Political Representation." Urban Affairs Review 51, no. 4 (June 5, 2014): 563–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087414537610.

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Johnson, Nevil. "Aging and political leadership." International Affairs 66, no. 1 (January 1990): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622207.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Political leadership"

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Nurmikko, Sanna. "Survival of political leadership." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502135.

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This thesis is focused on the question -of how authoritarian leaders remain in power. The main idea is that non-democratic leaders may use repression as a key electoral tool. Chapter 1 develops a model where an incumbent leader faces electoral competition from the opposition. The leader may seek to use violence, produced by the military, in order to improve his chances of re-election. The core of the chapter is the analysis of a collusive equilibrium in which the leader offers a bribe to the military and the latter responds by producing politically motivated violence. The collusive equilibrium gives rise to several policy implications. For instance, higher foreign aid donations contribute to the political survival of authoritarian leaders.
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Lahel, Amarjit. "Political leadership : character and performance : a comparative analysis of British political leadership, 1997-2010." Thesis, Aston University, 2012. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/17475/.

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Classical and contemporary scholarship on leadership has referred to political performance and the ability of political actors to deploy the self to political purpose. Literature on contemporary British politics (Hennessy, 2001; Marquand, 2008, King, 2009) has highlighted the qualitative shift in political leadership from the mid-1990s towards a focus upon the image, style, celebrity and performance of political leaders, and the shift towards the presidentialisation or semi-presidentialisation of the prime minister (Foley, 2001). However, the literature has lacked a focus upon political performance and a methodology for assessing leadership performance within cultural and institutional contexts. This thesis assesses British political leadership performance from 1997-2010 through the proposal of a framework of political performance to suit comparative purpose. The framework consisting of culture, institutions and performance is used to assess the performance of the case studies (Tony Blair, Gordon Brown and David Cameron, and Gordon Brown, David Cameron and Nick Clegg in the televised Leaders’ Debates of 2010). The application of the framework to the case studies will allow us to a) analyse political performance within given cultural and institutional contexts; b) establish the character traits and other aspects of a politician’s political persona; and c) appraise the role and effects of performance and persona upon the political process.
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Tolymbek, Almaz Karim. "Political Leadership Style in Kazakhstan." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1185826303.

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Zussman, Yale Martin. "Understanding leadership." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15200.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 1986.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND DEWEY.
Bibliography: leaves 306-311.
by Yale Martin Zussman.
Ph.D.
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Leonhardt, Mark Daniel. "Replacing Workplace Leadership with Political Expediency." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/147.

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The study examines the adherence to principled leadership styles by persons in position of authority and develops a method to determine the extent to which those people deviate from principled leadership practices for purpose of political expediency. Two fortune 500 companies, three smaller local companies and select Western Kentucky University faculty were surveyed using the MACH V Attitude Inventory for determining Machiavellian tendencies via an online survey site. An examination and evaluation of survey results yielded a surpirsingly consistent neutral score, but no indication of Machiavellian tendencies within the respondent group.
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Langlais, Stéphane. "The Meaning of Leadership in Political Systems." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34711.

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In today’ democracies, we, citizens, elect individuals to represent us, to talk on our behalf. In this way, political leaders embody the beliefs, wishes, and will of populations, and must act as citizens’ representatives. However, nowadays, a crisis of confidence seems emerge between citizens and politicians. The particular leadership pacing political systems can give to us an interesting point of view to understand this phenomenon. In this way, it is essential, for all of us, citizens, to understand what define us as such, what is our role, what kind of power is in our hands. It is also necessary to understand what the role of politicians elected as representatives is. More significantly, it is a necessity for all of us to have a critical look about what the core components of our societies are. Thereby, in this thesis, I give an enlighten point of view about the meaning of leadership in political systems. I hold six different perspectives in the aim of emphasizing the components of political systems, our role of citizens, and the role of political leaders. Those six perspectives are the following: the reasons explaining the emergence of societies, the role and the explanations about the existence of political parties, the characteristics of political leaders, the characteristics of citizens as political followers, the importance of the authenticity in political systems and finally the moral and ethical dimension as a necessity in the way to handle power.
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Hooper, Thomas Peter. "Athenian political leadership in the classical democracy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610119.

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Battista-Kerle, Maria. "Women and politics : a study of women trained in a political leadership setting /." Pittsburgh : University of Pittsburgh, 2007. http://etd.library.pitt.edu/ETD/available/etd-05142007-184221/unrestricted/Maria_ETD2007_final.pdf.

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Jennings, Colin. "Political conflict and constitutional reform." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252214.

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McCargo, Duncan James. "The political leadership of Major-General Chamlong Srimuang." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307146.

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Books on the topic "Political leadership"

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Elgie, Robert. Political Leadership. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-34622-3.

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Bell, David. Political Leadership. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446262870.

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Bell, David Scott. Political leadership. London: Sage Publications Ltd, 2011.

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Helms, Ludger, ed. Comparative Political Leadership. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137264916.

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Elgie, Robert. Studying Political Leadership. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-34708-4.

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Oyatedor, Tony. Leadership. [Riverdale, Md.] (P.O. Box 434, Riverdale 20737): T. Oyatedor, 1999.

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Gaffney, John. Political Leadership in France. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230274785.

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Brecher, Michael. Political Leadership and Charisma. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32627-6.

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Angus, McIntyre, ed. Aging and political leadership. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1988.

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Angus, McIntyre, ed. Aging and political leadership. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Political leadership"

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Lentsch, Josef. "Leadership." In Political Entrepreneurship, 27–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02861-9_3.

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Grove, Richard C., and Heather K. Terrell. "Political Leadership." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 3957–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1805.

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Machin, Howard. "Political Leadership." In Developments in French Politics, 95–113. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08873-7_6.

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Johnston, Michael. "Political Leadership." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 4694–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_2242.

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Helms, Ludger. "Political Leadership." In Developments in German Politics 4, 103–17. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-30164-2_6.

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Machin, Howard. "Political Leadership." In Developments in French Politics, 95–113. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20959-0_6.

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Johnston, Michael. "Political Leadership." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2242-1.

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Jensen, Jane S. "Political Leadership." In Women Political Leaders, 207–22. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230616851_12.

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Andrain, Charles F., and David E. Apter. "Political Leadership." In Political Protest and Social Change, 282–309. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377004_10.

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Lees-Marshment, Jennifer. "Political leadership." In Political Management, 160–93. First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003030515-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Political leadership"

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"POLITICAL LEADERSHIP: FEATURES OF RUSSIAN POLITICAL PERCEPTION." In ЛИЧНОСТЬ В ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ И ВРЕМЕНИ. СмолГУ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/978-5-88018-430-9-2023-12-94-102.

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Culipei, Laura-Catalina. "Leadership between strategic leadership and power management." In The 8th International Conference "Management Strategies and Policies in the Contemporary Economy". Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2023.29.

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The concept of political management is a newer element to classical management as a sub-branch. Its emergence derived from the consequences of the increasingly insistent administration and management of political processes related to the world's successful leaders in organizational behavior and management. The particularities of leaders oriented towards political management become a concern of society as members of a larger community whose interests are managed by public figures through the delegation of responsibilities. This study represents a vision of the political leader phenomenon from the perspective of the constructive elements of the managerial form, from the context of the existing types of political leaders, from the needs of association in these personalities, from the context of the dangers that they can create in their activity. The knowledge of the particularities, but also the major interest given by the scientific community in studying the behaviors of political leaders, can serve to educate and inform society about their emergence, role and influence in the development of government and state administration, at the same time to avoid dangers in the case of existing dangers from the leaders
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Obasi, Nwele, J. "Law, Politics and Leadership in Contemporary Africa – An Examination of Facts." In 28th iSTEAMS Multidisciplinary Research Conference AIUWA The Gambia. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams-2021/v28n3p6.

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Every society need to deal with legal matters, solve political and leadership problems, and, because of the nature of legal, political and leadership tasks as daunting issues, a scholarly solicitor and/or advocacy approach may be very necessary to prevent disputes and prosecution problems of leadership issue in Africa. Corruption and Fraud has been an endemic issue in the global political affairs for ages, and recently cybercrime has joined the litany of the cankerworm that impede success of democracy and development and social tranquility of nations, especially arising from electoral issue fraud. To control and manage human resource capital, in relation to stock of or supply of mineral resources, material and financial, money, and other assets that can be drawn on by a person, organization or state, to establish an effective and viable economy, individuals, organizations and governments need to maintain true leadership principles and political order that follow rules of law. It is a fact that Africa as a part of the world, especially in the new global politics tries to align to the protection of its environment against corruption and fraud. This study examines the level, and the indices of corruption and fraud in relation to true leadership principles and political order that follow rules of law in Africa. Primary and secondary data were used in this research, which aims at discovering appropriate measures to squarely or effectively address crimes related to misuse of political and leadership powers and corruption, economic fraud and cybercrime in Africa. Binary logistic regression and chi-square were applied. The findings reveal that economic development, politics, democracy and rule of law has a nexus to addressing the complex nature of entrenching true democracy; fighting corruption, fraud, and cybercrime in individual, organization, and government. The findings further indicate that coordinated and coherent academic/intellectual crossroad crusade is what is needed/required to restore Africa to glory land. Keywords: Law, Politics, Leadership, Contemporary Africa, Corruption, Fraud, Cybercrime, Economic Development Proceedings Reference Format
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Popova, Irina. "Political leadership, moral hazards, and public expectations." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Social, Business, and Academic Leadership (ICSBAL 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icsbal-19.2019.46.

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Achkasova, A., and Yulia A. Dobrovolskaya. "The Network Political Leadership: Digital Recruiting Technologies." In 2022 Communication Strategies in Digital Society Seminar (ComSDS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comsds55328.2022.9769102.

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Adnan, Muhammad, Wahid Abdulrahman, and Budi Setyono. "Islam, Democracy and Political Leadership in Surakarta Municipal." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Indonesian Social and Political Enquiries, ICISPE 2019, 21-22 October 2019, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.21-10-2019.2294405.

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Vasileska, Larisa. "POLITICAL “IDEALISTIC” LEADERSHIP AND THE RULE OF LAW." In Fifth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2019.141.

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Beqaj, Belul, and Adea Beqaj. "Leadership in between media policies and political media." In University for Business and Technology International Conference. Pristina, Kosovo: University for Business and Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2018.397.

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Pawito, Prof. "2. Javanese Leadership Encountering Global Culture." In 5th International Conference on Social and Political Sciences (IcoSaPS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icosaps-18.2018.2.

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"Mitigating the micro-political dimension of distributed leadership in educational leadership: An Ubuntu perspective." In Education and New Developments 2024. inScience Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2024v2end115.

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Reports on the topic "Political leadership"

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Nazneen, Sohela. Women’s Leadership and Political Agency in Fragile Polities. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.046.

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Recent evidence from Afghanistan shows that even in the most difficult contexts, women will still protest for their rights. This paper draws on evidence from the Action for Empowerment and Accountability (A4EA) research programme to show how women express their political agency and activism and seek accountability in repressive contexts. A4EA research looked at cases of women-led protest in Egypt, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Pakistan, and explored women’s political participation in Nigeria and Pakistan. The research shows that despite some success in claim-making on specific issues, ‘sticky norms’ and male gatekeeping prevail and govern women’s access to public space and mediate their voice in these contexts. The paper concludes by calling on donors to go beyond blueprints in programming, and to work in agile and creative ways to support women’s rights organising.
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Ferreira, Fernando, and Joseph Gyourko. Does Gender Matter for Political Leadership? The Case of U.S. Mayors. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17671.

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Leslie, Jean, and Bill Gentry. Women and political savvy: How to build and embrace a fundamental leadership skill. Center for Creative Leadership, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.35613/ccl.2015.1037.

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Levy, Brian. How Political Contexts Influence Education Systems: Patterns, Constraints, Entry Points. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-2022/pe04.

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This paper synthesises the findings of a set of country studies commissioned by the RISE Programme to explore the influence of politics and power on education sector policymaking and implementation. The synthesis groups the countries into three political-institutional contexts: Dominant contexts, where power is centred around a political leader and a hierarchical governance structure. As the Vietnam case details, top-down leadership potentially can provide a robust platform for improving learning outcomes. However, as the case studies of Ethiopia, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Tanzania illustrate, all-too-often dominant leaders’ goals vis-à-vis the education sector can veer in other directions. In impersonal competitive contexts, a combination of strong formal institutions and effective processes of resolving disagreements can, on occasion, result in a shared commitment among powerful interests to improve learning outcomes—but in none of the case studies is this outcome evident. In Peru, substantial learning gains have been achieved despite messy top-level politics. But the Chilean, Indian, and South African case studies suggest that the all-too-common result of rule-boundedness plus unresolved political contestation over the education sector’s goals is some combination of exaggerated rule compliance and/or performative isomorphic mimicry. Personalised competitive contexts (Bangladesh, Ghana, and Kenya for example) lack the seeming strengths of either their dominant or their impersonal competitive contexts; there are multiple politically-influential groups and multiple, competing goals—but no credible framework of rules to bring coherence either to political competition or to the education bureaucracy. The case studies show that political and institutional constraints can render ineffective many specialised sectoral interventions intended to improve learning outcomes. But they also point to the possibility that ‘soft governance’ entry points might open up some context-aligned opportunities for improving learning outcomes. In dominant contexts, the focus might usefully be on trying to influence the goals and strategies of top-level leadership. In impersonal competitive contexts, it might be on strengthening alliances between mission-oriented public officials and other developmentally-oriented stakeholders. In personalised competitive contexts, gains are more likely to come from the bottom-up—via a combination of local-level initiatives plus a broader effort to inculcate a shared sense among a country’s citizenry of ‘all for education’.
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Levy, Brian. How Political Contexts Influence Education Systems: Patterns, Constraints, Entry Points. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/122.

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This paper synthesises the findings of a set of country studies commissioned by the RISE Programme to explore the influence of politics and power on education sector policymaking and implementation. The synthesis groups the countries into three political-institutional contexts: Dominant contexts, where power is centred around a political leader and a hierarchical governance structure. As the Vietnam case details, top-down leadership potentially can provide a robust platform for improving learning outcomes. However, as the case studies of Ethiopia, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Tanzania illustrate, all-too-often dominant leaders’ goals vis-à-vis the education sector can veer in other directions. In impersonal competitive contexts, a combination of strong formal institutions and effective processes of resolving disagreements can, on occasion, result in a shared commitment among powerful interests to improve learning outcomes—but in none of the case studies is this outcome evident. In Peru, substantial learning gains have been achieved despite messy top-level politics. But the Chilean, Indian, and South African case studies suggest that the all-too-common result of rule-boundedness plus unresolved political contestation over the education sector’s goals is some combination of exaggerated rule compliance and/or performative isomorphic mimicry. Personalised competitive contexts (Bangladesh, Ghana, and Kenya for example) lack the seeming strengths of either their dominant or their impersonal competitive contexts; there are multiple politically-influential groups and multiple, competing goals—but no credible framework of rules to bring coherence either to political competition or to the education bureaucracy. The case studies show that political and institutional constraints can render ineffective many specialised sectoral interventions intended to improve learning outcomes. But they also point to the possibility that ‘soft governance’ entry points might open up some context-aligned opportunities for improving learning outcomes. In dominant contexts, the focus might usefully be on trying to influence the goals and strategies of top-level leadership. In impersonal competitive contexts, it might be on strengthening alliances between mission-oriented public officials and other developmentally-oriented stakeholders. In personalised competitive contexts, gains are more likely to come from the bottom-up—via a combination of local-level initiatives plus a broader effort to inculcate a shared sense among a country’s citizenry of ‘all for education’.
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Rossi, Martín, and Mariano Tommasi. Legislative Effort and Career Paths in the Argentine Congress. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011441.

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This paper uses data from the Argentine House of Representatives to study the relationship between legislative effort and political success, as measured by reelection, becoming a leader of the House, and moving to higher political positions. It is found that more effort is associated with a higher probability of being reelected, and also that for those legislators that are reelected, higher effort is positively associated with acquiring leadership positions in the House. This happens in a context of fairly high legislative turnover and in a political context in which career paths of legislators are largely dictated by provincial party leaders. Interestingly, it is found that higher legislative effort is associated with a lower probability of improving politically outside Congress. These findings suggest the presence of various alternative career paths for Argentine politicians, and some degree of sorting. The paper concludes with some speculation on these politician types and with ideas for further research.
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Haider, Huma. Political Settlements: The Case of Moldova. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.065.

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The new elite in post-1991 independent Moldova gradually captured state institutions, while internal drivers of reforms have generally been weak. Civil society has had limited effectiveness; and the media is largely dominated by political and business circles (BTI, 2022). The Moldovan diaspora has emerged in recent years, however, as a powerful driver of reform. In addition, new political parties and politicians have in recent years focused on common social and economic problems, rather than exploiting identity and geopolitical cleavages. These two developments played a crucial role in the transformative changes in the presidential and parliamentary elections in 2020 and 2021, respectively.1 The new Moldovan leadership has experienced many challenges, however, in achieving justice and anti-corruption reforms—the primary components of their electoral platform—due to the persistence of rent-seeking and corruption in the justice sector (Minzarari, 2022). This rapid review examines literature—primarily academic and non-governmental organisation (NGO)-based—in relation to the political settlement of Moldova. It provides an overview of the political settlement framework and the political history of Moldova. It then draws on the literature to explore aspects of the social foundation and the power configuration in Moldova; and implications for governance and inclusive development. The report concludes with recommendations for government, domestic reformers, Moldovan society, and donors for improving inclusive governance and development in Moldova, identified throughout the literature. This report does not cover political settlement in relation to Transnistria.
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8

Brlecic, Jeffrey W. Theater Strategic and Operational Level Command and Control Warfare: The Legal, Moral, and Political Considerations of Leadership Targeting. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada395644.

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9

Deal, Jennifer, Kristin Cullen, Sarah Stawiski, William Gentry, and Marian Ruderman. World Leadership Survey Biannual Report on Employee Commitment and Engagement 2013–2014. Center for Creative Leadership, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.35613/ccl.2015.2048.

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" From the Executive Summary: ""The purpose of the World Leadership Survey (WLS) is to provide a window into how professionals, managers, and executives view their life within the organization. This view of the employee experience will help leaders of organizations understand what employees experience, and what the organization can do to improve commitment and reduce turnover. The good news for organizations in the United States and Canada (the sample for this report) is that respondents are mostly committed to their organizations, satisfied with their jobs and their pay, work more than the typical 40-hour workweek, and do not currently intend to leave their jobs. The professionals, managers, and executives surveyed feel supported by their organization and by their direct supervisor, and think that their organizations are economically stable. Unfortunately they also feel overloaded, with their work disproportionately interfering with the rest of life, and that there is a high level of political behavior within their organization. Both overload and overt political behavior can reduce individual and organizational effectiveness. This report describes the current employee experience, and what organizations can focus on to maintain and improve commitment and engagement."
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Panwar, Nalin Singh. Decentralized Political Institution in Madhya Pradesh (India). Fribourg (Switzerland): IFF, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51363/unifr.diff.2017.23.

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The change through grassroots democratic processes in the Indian political system is the result of a growing conviction that the big government cannot achieve growth and development in a society without people's direct participation and initiative. The decentralized political institutions have been more participatory and inclusive ensuring equality of political opportunity. Social exclusion in India is not a new phenomenon. History bears witness to exclusion of social groups on the bases of caste, class, gender and religion. Most notable is the category of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Women who were denied the access and control over economic and social opportunities as a result they were relegated to the categories of excluded groups. It is true that the problems of the excluded classes were addressed by the state through the enactment of anti-discriminatory laws and policies to foster their social inclusion and empowerment. Despite these provisions, exclusion and discrimination of these excluded groups continued. Therefore, there was a need to address issues of ‘inclusion’ in a more direct manner. Madhya Pradesh has made a big headway in the working for the inclusion of these excluded groups. The leadership role played by the under privileged, poor and the marginalized people of the society at the grassroots level is indeed remarkable because two decade earlier these people were excluded from public life and political participation for them was a distant dream. Against this backdrop, the paper attempts to unfold the changes that have taken place in the rural power structure after 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act. To what extent the decentralized political institutions have been successful in the inclusion of the marginalized section of the society in the state of Madhya Pradesh [India].
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