Academic literature on the topic 'Political interdependencies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Political interdependencies"
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Reber, Bernard. "Critique, participation et démocratie." Eco-ethica 8 (2019): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ecoethica20206227.
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The problem of interdependence is crucial for understanding the climate, with its interactions between land, water, and atmosphere, as well as with human activities, past and future. The concept of interdependence expresses two types of relationship, that of causality and that of responsibility. For the problems of climate governance as understood as a statistical average in the Conferences of the parties (COP), causal dependence is impossible to reconstruct precisely, notably because of the complexity of these phenomena. However, dependence does not only concern the domain of being, falling within the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the human descriptive predictive. It also concerns the ought-to-be and therefore the normative sciences (ethics, political theory, law, and normative economy). Here interdependence is much more problematic since it is opposed to freedom. This article discusses the various interdependencies and political solutions that are offered to take care of this needs, architectures for discussing climate change politically: systems (N. Luhmann) and deliberation (J. Habermas). It then proposes another solution, that of moral and political consideration.
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Di Salvatore, Jessica, and Andrea Ruggeri. "Spatial analysis for political scientists." Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 51, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 198–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2021.7.
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AbstractHow does space matter in our analyses? How can we evaluate diffusion of phenomena or interdependence among units? How biased can our analysis be if we do not consider spatial relationships? All the above questions are critical theoretical and empirical issues for political scientists belonging to several subfields from Electoral Studies to Comparative Politics, and also for International Relations. In this special issue on methods, our paper introduces political scientists to conceptualizing interdependence between units and how to empirically model these interdependencies using spatial regression. First, the paper presents the building blocks of any feature of spatial data (points, polygons, and raster) and the task of georeferencing. Second, the paper discusses what a spatial matrix (W) is, its varieties and the assumptions we make when choosing one. Third, the paper introduces how to investigate spatial clustering through visualizations (e.g. maps) as well as statistical tests (e.g. Moran's index). Fourth and finally, the paper explains how to model spatial relationships that are of substantive interest to some of our research questions. We conclude by inviting researchers to carefully consider space in their analysis and to reflect on the need, or the lack thereof, to use spatial models.
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Bârsan, Ghiţă, Anca Dinicu, Vasile Năstăsescu, and Romana Oancea. "Estimating the Degree of Region’s Vulnerability in Case of Natural Disasters." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 22, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2016-0086.
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Abstract Estimating the degree of vulnerability of a region implies both the identification of the dependencies as well as of the interdependencies. The dependencies refer to a set of physical, social, economic, environmental and political-military conditions and processes and the interdependencies have in view physical, cyber, geographical and logical aspects that may indirectly affect the daily rhythm of the population, the economy or even the national security. The present paper aims at estimating the degree of vulnerability by constructing a model that would determine the index of vulnerability associated to a given area, an index that is directly dependent on demographic, economic, governmental factors, on the interdependence with other sectors and also on the history of the events that occurred in the area in the recent years.
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Feakin, Tobias. "Old Interests, New Interdependencies." RUSI Journal 152, no. 6 (December 2007): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071840701863075.
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Ernst, Stefanie, and Thomas Salumets. "Norbert Elias and Human Interdependencies." Contemporary Sociology 32, no. 1 (January 2003): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3089892.
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Saputra, Allan Dharma. "The Rise and fall of the Australian Agricultural Visa: An Analysis of Labor Migration Policies in the Context of Regional Geopolitics." Journal of Social Science 5, no. 4 (July 8, 2024): 962–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jss.v5i4.875.
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This article examines how domestic political dynamics and regional geopolitical considerations influenced the rise and fall of Australia's short-lived Agricultural Visa (AAV) program aimed at recruiting workers from ASEAN countries. Employing a qualitative case study approach and drawing on neoliberal economic theory, securitization theory, and complex interdependence theory, the analysis reveals key tensions. The AAV's genesis reflected neoliberal narratives of filling labor shortages, but its demise exemplified concerns over worker exploitation and adverse impacts on local labor standards. The visa also became entangled in Australia's strategic rivalry with China in the Pacific, with labor migration becoming a securitized issue. Crucially, the case exposes challenges of policy coherence, as actions in the security domain strained Australia's ASEAN relationships. The findings underscore the need for holistic approaches balancing economic needs, worker rights, regional diplomacy, and evolving security dynamics when crafting labor migration policies amidst complex global interdependencies. The AAV's failure serves as a cautionary tale about piecemeal, politically expedient migration strategies disconnected from on-the-ground realities.
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Pinto, Jorge. "Green Republicanism as a non-neutral and convivial politics." Ethics, Politics & Society 3 (November 4, 2019): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/eps.3.1.116.
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Green republicanism can be described as a subset of republican political theory that aims to promote human flourishing by ensuring a non-dominating and ecologically sustainable republic. It expands the republican idea of social interdependence with the natural world, and therefore requires promoting and protecting the autonomy within those interdependencies. As such, green republicanism will focus on moving away from the current situation of ecological unsustainability while protecting freedom as non-domination. In this article, I offer a green republican justification for non-neutrality while remaining non-perfectionist. Furthermore, I argue that participation and deliberation is essential in defining the concrete politics that should guide green republicanism. To do so I examine the idea of conviviality and argue that green republicanism is the political theory best placed to ensure the objective of conviviality: it allows individuals to confront their views and to cooperate, acknowledging the finitude of the planet’s natural resources.
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Hedlund, Johanna, Örjan Bodin, and Daniel Nohrstedt. "Assessing Policy Issue Interdependencies in Environmental Governance." International Journal of the Commons 15, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijc.1060.
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Rogers-Dillon, Robin, and Lynne Haney. "Minimizing Vulnerability: Selective Interdependencies After Welfare Reform." Qualitative Sociology 28, no. 3 (August 2005): 235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11133-005-6369-6.
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Ilkowski, Filip. "Ekonomiczne i polityczne współzależności i sprzeczności koncentracji władzy w kapitalizmie (w kręgu interpretacji myśli Marksa)." Studia Politologiczne 2020, no. 55 (March 21, 2020): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/spolit.2020.55.2.
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The article presents various manifestations of concentration of power characteristic of tendencies existing within the capitalist system. The interdependencies and contradictions of related processes are presented in the directly economic and political dimensions. In relation to the problem, the adequacy of understanding the developmental tendencies of capitalism in Marx’s approach and some of the later thinkers rooted in various ideological traditions referring to Marxism is examined.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Political interdependencies"
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Rutten, Koen. "Authoritarianism, capitalism and institutional interdependencies in the Chinese economy : implications for governance and innovation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/827/.
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Recently, the field of comparative political economy has turned to the Chinese economy. Coherent interpretation of the drivers and fundamental institutions of China’s economic system had been frustrated by the coexistence of, on the one hand, continuously developing capitalist institutions and a burgeoning market economy, and on the other, the persisting and proliferating authoritarian system of economic administration. Therefore, commonplace dichotomous frameworks of capitalism/ socialism, or coordinated/market economies are but of little avail. Building on concepts from regulation theory, this thesis argues that the current system is one wherein state and market institutions support a distinctively industrialist orientation. The Leninist apparatus of bureaucratic controls has come to instill a dynamic wherein economic performance begets political influence, and political stature commands control of capital. Financial markets complement industrial demands for capital, while the ostensibly ‘liberalist’ reorganization of the public sector and welfare system have attenuated the financial pressures on enterprise exerted by labor. As a result of the common interest of political actors and industrialists in the continuous expansion of productive capital, growth has occurred predominantly through investments in fixed capital. Stringent limitations exist which undermine achievement of long-term sustainability of the current state-industrialist nexus. Lack of compensatory mechanisms for disenfranchised constituents and the dearth of indigenous innovation are pertinent problems, and moreover, mutually reinforcing. On the one hand, without a continuous increase in relative surplus value (i.e. output per worker) a more egalitarian distribution of income seems unlikely, while on the other, the lack of individual purchasing power subverts intentions to transition towards a model of growth premised on domestic consumption. Indeed, exceptions exist (for example within the telecommunications industry), but ultimately growth in upstream sectors requires commensurate growth in downstream industries. The Chinese ‘variety of capitalism’ is indeed an idiosyncratic one, but seems to have exhausted its potential.
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Denoël, Mathilde. "Rapports de pouvoir dans l’activité minière, entre modèle néo-extractiviste et variations territoriales : le cas des provinces de Jujuy, San Juan et Mendoza en Argentine." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20039.
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En Argentine, l’activité minière métallifère de grande envergure s’est implantée dans les années 1990, à la suite des recommandations des institutions internationales et sous l’égide du gouvernement néolibéral de Carlos Menem. C’est le début de l’extractivisme, qui favorise l’expansion de la logique capitaliste d’accumulation par dépossession dans de nouvelles provinces, désormais gestionnaires de leurs ressources. Avec l’arrivée d’un gouvernement progressiste au début des années 2000, le déploiement du secteur ne ralentit pas et devient politique d’État. C’est le passage au néo-extractivisme, qui s’accompagne d’une importante multiplication des instances et de la mise en place d’un dispositif de consensus visant à légitimer, naturaliser et institutionnaliser l’activité, de plus en plus décriée, dans les territoires.Dans ce contexte, cette recherche questionne les conditions de l’adaptation locale d’un modèle globalisé. Quelles interdépendances, quels rapports de pouvoir existent entre les acteurs partisans du secteur et les territoires locaux ? Quel rôle jouent les élites locales dans l’hybridation des logiques public-privé que sous-tend le néo-extractivisme ? Comment les représentations qui forment les territoires évoluent-elles face à cette activité qui porte une définition hégémonique de la « ressource » ? Pour répondre à ces interrogations, une approche qualitative et pluridisciplinaire ainsi qu’un dispositif multisitué, polymorphe et multimodal ont été adoptés. Cette triangulation méthodologique a été pensée afin de confronter les discours et les pratiques des acteurs du secteur à l’échelle infranationale et de dégager les variations territoriales d’un modèle globalisé. Face à l’implantation d’une activité gourmande en « produits de la nature », nous invitons ainsi le lecteur à considérer le poids du local dans les relations de pouvoir multiscalaires et hybrides déployées par les acteurs de l’activité minière métallifère de grande envergureIn Argentina, large-scale metal mining activity began in the 1990s, following the recommendations of international institutions and under the aegis of Carlos Menem’s neoliberal government. It is the beginning of extractivism that encouraged the expansion of capitalist logic of accumulation by dispossession into new provinces, wich are now managing their resources. With the arrival of a progressive government in the early 2000s, the deployment of the sector did not slow down and became a state policy. It is the transition to neo-extractivism, which is accompanied by a significant increase in the number of organizations and the establishment of a consensus apparatus aimed at legitimizing, naturalizing and institutionalizing the increasingly criticized activity in the territories.In this context, this research questions the conditions for the local adaptation of a globalized model. What interdependencies, what power relations exist between the partisan actors of the sector and local territories? What role do local elites play in the hybridization of public-private logic underpinned by neo-extractivism? How do the representations that make territories evolve in the face of this activity, which has a hegemonic definition of “resource”? To answer these questions, qualitative and multidisciplinary approach as well as multi-site, polymorphic and multimodal methods have been adopted. This methodological triangulation was designed to compare the discourses and practices of the sector’s actors at the subnational level and to identify the territorial variations of a globalized model. Faced with the establishment of an activity that is greedy for “natural products”, we invite the reader to consider the weight of the local in the multiscalar and hybrid power relations deployed by the actors of large-scale metal mining activity
En Argentina, la actividad mega-minera comenzó en la década de los 1990 en sintonía las recomendaciones de las instituciones internacionales y bajo la égida del gobierno neoliberal de Carlos Menem. Este fue el comienzo del extractivismo, que alentó la expansión de la lógica capitalista de acumulación por desposesión en nuevas provincias, ahora manejando sus recursos. Con la llegada de un gobierno progresista a principios de la década de 2000, el despliegue del sector no se ralentizó y se convirtió en una política de Estado. Se trata de la transición al neoextractivismo, caracterizado por un aumento significativo del número de organismos involucrados y por el establecimiento de un dispositivo de consenso destinado a legitimar, naturalizar e institucionalizar la actividad mega-minera, cada vez más desprestigiada, en los territorios.En este contexto, esta investigación cuestiona las condiciones para la adaptación local de un modelo globalizado. ¿Qué interdependencias, qué relaciones de poder existen entre los actores partidarios del sector y los territorios locales? ¿Qué papel juegan las élites locales en la hibridación de la lógica público-privada sustentada en el neoextractivismo? ¿Cómo evolucionan las representaciones que conforman los territorios frente a esta actividad, que tiene una definición hegemónica de “recurso”? Para responder a estas preguntas, se ha adoptado un enfoque cualitativo y multidisciplinario, así como un sistema multisitio, polimórfico y multimodal. Esta triangulación metodológica fue diseñada para comparar los discursos y prácticas de los actores del sector a nivel subnacional e identificar las variaciones territoriales de un modelo globalizado. Ante el establecimiento de una actividad ávida de “productos naturales”, invitamos al lector a considerar el peso de lo local en las relaciones de poder multiescalares e híbridas desplegadas por los actores de la mega-minería metalífera
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Johansson, Viktor. "How to study the Occurrence of Cascading Effects in Critical Infrastructure : Evaluating and Developing a Method for gathering data on critical infrastructure dependencies." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160656.
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This thesis evaluates and develops a method for studying the occurrence of cascading effects between critical infrastructures. The thesis also analyzes how the results of previous research using the method may have been affected by certain aspects of the method. Applying different inclusion thresholds and exploring how material could be gathered differently, the thesis provides some tentative answers to the value of using newspaper articles when studying cascading effects. In addition, the thesis offers recommendations for future research and policy on the protection of critical infrastructures.
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Morales, Giraldo Juan Francisco. "Political effects of economic interdependence among South American members of the Alliance of the Pacific." Politai, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/92324.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the unintended political effects of economic interdependence among South American members of the Alliance of the Pacific by tracing the evolution of their mutual trade in relation to the intensity of their military competitive dynamics from 2001 to 2015. Two measurement instruments are use: an intra-regional trade index based on commerce data, and a coordination index based on arms purchases. The question is if the formation of the Alliance and trade relations now embedded in it have had any effect on the cooperation-conflict political balance. Issues concerning the method are discuss as well as the implications of the research for the intertheory debate. Last section is dedicate to discuss briefly the historical understanding of regional conflicts and normative aims of regional integration.El texto aborda los posibles efectos políticos no intencionados de la interdependencia económica entre los miembros sudamericanos de la Alianza del Pacífico examinando el desarrollo de sus relaciones comerciales en relación con la intensidad de sus dinámicas militares de competencia entre 2001 y 2015. Se emplean dos instrumentos de medición: un índice de comercio intragrupal basado en datos de comercio exterior y un índice de coordinación basado en datos de compras militares. Los resultados permiten observar si la creación de la Alianza del Pacífico y el comercio intragrupal han tenido efecto en el carácter de las relaciones políticas. Se discuten los alcances y limitaciones del método y las implicancias de la investigación para el debate inter-teórico. Finalmente, se discuten brevemente el carácter histórico de la conflictividad y los rasgos normativos del integracionismo regional.
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Costalli, Stefano. "Politics behind globalization: the influence of political and security variables on economic interdependence among States." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2008. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/71/1/Costalli_phdthesis.pdf.
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The dissertation investigates the influence of domestic and international politics on economic interdependence among states in the age of globalization. On the one hand it aims at updating the studies on the influence of political variables on international trade taking into consideration the post-Cold War years. On the other hand it aims at expanding the operational definition of economic interdependence performing the first empirical of the influence of politics on bilateral flows of FDI. Through an extensive use of panel data analysis, I find that both domestic and international politics have a relevant impact on economic interdependence even in the context of globalization. However, none of the classic theories of international relations on the causes and consequences of interdependence can fully explain the current dynamics. The system is increasingly complex and the realist and liberal seem to work together accounting for different phenomena that happen contemporaneously.
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Mistree, Dinsha (Dinsha Farrokh Allen). "Dependence, independence, and interdependence in world politics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37196.
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Thesis (S.M. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-156).
We implement techniques of graph theory to international trade in order to empirically inspect the international system of trade. Examining macro and submacro levels of the international system of trade from 1962-2003, we find the presence of a Scale-Free Network with a Multiscalar Hierarchy. Such structures are resilient to bottom-up economic collapse, but are susceptible to top-down and horizontal economic failures. Our findings are based upon an especially novel approach for examining submacro systems, applying latent community identification analysis to identify trading communities that are not necessarily formalized or institutionalized as trading blocs. Following this analysis, we examine the role of international institutions in the international trade network, specifically considering macro level institutions for stability solutions and examining the effects of joining a trade bloc. We find evidence that supports the intergovernmentalist framework, whereby certain types of trade blocs seem to succeed while others fail, leading to different results in integration and unification.
by Dinsha Mistree.
S.M.and S.B.
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Sesay, Max Ahmadu. "Interdependence and dependency in the political economy of Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357985.
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Alleva, Diane Florence. "The Political Process of Interdependence between the U.S and Japan." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625533.
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Lailliau, Julie. "La fabrique d'une politique alimentaire locale intégrée : un éclairage par les interdépendances." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0150.
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Le récent développement de politiques alimentaires dans les territoires relève d’une innovation de l’action publique locale dont les modalités de construction et de mise en œuvre ont cependant peu été étudiées. En effet, les politiques alimentaires locales sous-tendent avant tout des choix politiques informant tant les changements poursuivis en termes de régulation locale de l’alimentation au sein des systèmes alimentaires territoriaux, que les stratégies de légitimation des acteurs publics qui en sont porteurs. Cette thèse analyse les coulisses de la construction et de la mise en œuvre d’une politique alimentaire intégrée départementale, en prenant comme cas d’étude celle du Conseil départemental de la Gironde (CD33). En appliquant une nouvelle grille d’analyse constituée au croisement de trois littératures - approche par les interdépendances, travail politique et intégration dans les politiques publiques, la thèse éclaire le travail politique mené par les acteurs départementaux dans les étapes de problématisation et d’instrumentation de la stratégie alimentaire girondine et interroge les effets de cette action publique locale sur le système alimentaire local ainsi qu’au sein du Département. Pour ce faire, ce travail s’appuie sur une immersion de plus de trois ans au sein de l’Agenda 21 départemental, du fait d’un conventionnement Cifre, ayant permis la constitution d’un matériau de recherche composite, constitué d’une observation participante, associée à l’analyse d’une littérature grise et complété par deux séries d’entretiens. L’analyse donne à voir les modalités et les processus de la fabrique de la politique alimentaire intégrée girondine sur quinze ans, entre 2008 et 2023. Elle met en lumière que le travail politique en termes d’interdépendances mené par les acteurs départementaux – dont l’influence varie – est sans cesse renouvelé, amenant à distinguer quatre cadrages cognitifs à travers quatre politiques alimentaires départementales avec leurs propres configurations d’acteurs, leurs propres arbitrages en termes d’interdépendances et leurs propres niveaux d’intégration. Autrement dit, durant ces quinze années, le CD33 ne s’est pas saisi de l’alimentation avec une vision constante et il n’y a pas associé les mêmes objectifs. A travers ces cadrages, la thèse éclaire de nombreux aspects de la « boîte noire » de la fabrique de la stratégie alimentaire intégrée girondine : les jeux d’acteurs entre sphères politique et administrative, les arbitrages faits entre domaines d’intervention publique, la variation des postures du CD33 lorsqu’il s’agit d’amener du changement dans le système alimentaire et sa régulation, et plus généralement, les stratégies du CD33 pour se légitimer au sein de l’échiquier politique. Finalement, l’analyse met en lumière des imbrications entre policy, politics et polity dans la fabrique de la stratégie alimentaire du CD33 et permet de conclure sur un mouvement perpétuel de bascule entre politisation et dépolitisation du fait alimentaire au gré de l’évolution des cadrages cognitifs, de la définition des objectifs (visée transformative ou affichage politique), des relations interterritoriales (relais ou opposant à l’Etat ; coopérations ou évitement), des reconfigurations d’acteur au sein même du Département (influence des acteurs administratifs et politiques) ou encore des évolutions dans la posture prise par le Département (logique de guichet, animateur, expérimentateur, etc.). Finalement, la thèse informe sur la construction d’une politique alimentaire intégrée instable, dont les éléments constitutifs sont sans cesse remodelés, et par laquelle il est donné à voir que la régulation locale de l’alimentation n’est pas tant l’objectif poursuivi par l’acteur public en tant que tel, mais plutôt un moyen participant d’une stratégie plus globale de légitimation d’un Département se positionnant continuellement comme un acteur intermédiaireDespite the fact that local food policies are seen as an innovation in local public action, nevertheless their construction and implementation have received little study. Indeed, local food policies underpin, above all, political choices that inform both the changes pursued in terms of local regulation of food within territorial food systems, and legitimisation strategies led by public actors which support them. This thesis takes a ‘behind-the-scenes’ look at the construction and implementation of an integrated departmental food policy, using the Gironde Departmental Council as a case study. Applying an original conceptual framework which brings together three literatures: i) an interdependency approach, ii) political work and iii) policy integration, the thesis sheds light on the political work carried out by departmental players during the problematisation and instrumentation stages of the Gironde food strategy, and examines the effects of this local public action on the local food system as well as within the department. To this end, this work is based on an immersion of more than three years within the departmental Agenda 21 mission, due to a Cifre thesis contract, which enabled the constitution of a composite research material made up of participatory observation, the analysis of grey literature, and two series of semi-structured interviews. An analysis based on interdependencies shows how the integrated food policy for the Gironde was developed over a fifteen-year period, between 2008 and 2023. It highlights the fact that the political work in terms of interdependencies carried out by departmental actors - whose influence varies - is constantly renewed. It also allowed us to distinguish four cognitive frameworks leading to four ‘types’ of departmental food policies, each with their own configurations of actors and their own arbitrations in terms of interdependencies - and hence their own levels of policy integration. In other words, over the last fifteen years, the Department of Gironde has not approached food with a consistent vision and has not associated the same objectives with it. Through identifying and exploring these different framings, the thesis sheds light on many aspects of the 'black box' of the Gironde integrated food strategy: the interplay of actors between political and administrative spheres, the trade-offs made between areas of public intervention, the variation in the Department's positions when it comes to bringing about change in the food system and its regulation, and more generally, the Department's strategies for legitimising itself within the political arena. Finally, the analysis of political work carried out by the players around different types of interdependency (e.g. territorial, public/private, knowledge) highlights the interweaving of policy, politics and polity in the creation of the Gironde Departmental Council's food strategy. We consequently conclude that there is a perpetual shift between politicisation and depoliticisation of the food issue as a result of changes in cognitive frameworks, the definition of objectives (transformative aim or political display), inter-territorial relations (in alliance with or opposing the State ; cooperation or avoidance), reconfigurations of players within the Department itself (influence of administrative and political players) or changes in the stance adopted by the Department (front-office approach, facilitator, experimenter, etc.). Finally, the thesis provides new knowledge on the construction of an unstable integrated food policy, whose constituent elements are constantly being reshaped, and through which it is shown that local regulation of food is not so much the objective pursued by the public actor as such, but rather a means of participating in a more global strategy of legitimisation of a Department continually positioning itself as an intermediary actor
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BORETTO, MARCO FELICE. "Cournot oligopoly with preference interdependence." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/291150.
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Lo scopo di questa tesi `e di analizzare la presenza di una struttura sociale di preferenze interdipendenti in un oligopolio di Cournot. Per fare ci`o, in- troduciamo un gioco in cui la rete di interazioni si riflette nelle funzioni di utilit`a delle imprese. Considerando le preferenze interdipendenti, possiamo identificare un ulteriore canale di interazione tra le imprese, parallelamente all’ interazione di mercato, che stabilisce un’altra interazione, possibilmente locale o anche una forma di interazione one-to-one.
La modellizzazione proposta si rivela adatta per estendere i risultati sull’esistenza e unicit`a dell’equilibrio di Nash per modelli oligopolistici Cournotiani senza preferenze interdipendenti.
Studiamo il ruolo dell’interdipendenza delle preferenze sulle risultanti pro- priet`a dell’equilibrio di Nash, in termini di sostituibilit`a/complementarit`a strategica.
Caratterizziamo, inoltre, l’equilibrio di Nash attraverso i due canali di in- terazione tra imprese. Ci`o che emerge `e quindi il primato della sfera so- ciale su quella economica in particolari strutture economiche (es. oligopoli Cournotiani) con preferenze interdipendenti.
La caratterizzazione dell’equilibrio, il conseguente grado di competitivit`a derivante dall’interdipendenza delle preferenze sociali e la statica comparata possono essere tutte espresse in termini di misure che descrivono le propriet`a del network.
La statica comparativa ci consente di capire sia come un cambiamento nella struttura di interazione sociale di un singolo giocatore influenzi il risultato del giocatore stesso, in termini di aumento/diminuzione della sua quota di mercato, sia come un cambiamento nella struttura dell’interazione nel suo insieme influisca sul risultato collettivo, in termini di aumento/diminuzione dei profitti.The aim of this thesis is to analyze the presence of a structure of social in- teredependent preferences in a Cournot oligopoly. To do this, we introduce a game in which the network of interactions reflects on the utility functions of firms. Cconsidering interdependent preferences, we can identify an ad- ditional channel of interaction among firms, along with the usual market interaction that establish another, possibly local or even one-to-one form of interaction. The proposed modelling approach proves to be suitable to extend the re- sults about existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium for Cournotian oligopoly models without interdependent preferences. We study the role of preference interdependence on the resulting properties of the Nash equilibrium of any game, in terms of strategic substitutabil- ity/complementarity. We characterize the Nash equilibrium through the two channels of interac- tion among firms. What emerges is then the primacy of the social sphere over the economic one in particular economic structures (i.e. Cournotian oligopolies) with interdependent preferences. The characterization of the equilibrium, the resulting degree of competitive- ness arising from the interdependence of social preferences and the compar- ative statics can be all expressed in terms of measures that describe the network properties. Comparative statics allows us to understand both how a change in the social interaction structure of a single player influences the outcome of the player itself, in terms of increased/decreased market share, and how a change in the interaction structure as a whole affects the collective outcome, in terms of increased/decreased profits.
Books on the topic "Political interdependencies"
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Palmer, Monte. Comparative politics: Political economy, political culture, and political interdependence. 2nd ed. Itasca, Ill: F.E. Peacock Publishers, 2001.
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Palmer, Monte. Comparative politics: Political economy, political culture, and political interdependence. 3rd ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Higher Education, 2006.
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Hamada, Koichi. The political economy of international monetary interdependence. Cambridge, Mass: MIT, 1985.
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Reuveny, Rafael. The political economy of Israeli-Palestinian interdependence. Bloomington, Ind: School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, 1998.
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Keohane, Robert O. Power and interdependence. 2nd ed. Glenview, Ill: Scott, Foresman, 1989.
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S, Nye Joseph, ed. Power and interdependence. 3rd ed. New York: Longman, 2001.
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Shih, Chih-yu. Interdependence, independence and Chinese neorealism. Toronto: Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies, 1993.
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Purvis, Hoyt H. Interdependence: An introduction to international relations. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1992.
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Höhmann, Hans-Hermann. Economics and politics in "perestroika": Developments, interdependencies, Western perceptions. Köln: Bundesinstitut für Ostwissenschaftliche und Internationale Studien, 1988.
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G, Goodman David S., Segal Gerald 1953-, and International Institute for Strategic Studies., eds. China rising: Nationalism and interdependence. London: Routledge, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Political interdependencies"
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Bourguignon, Nick, Irene Leonardelli, Enid Still, Ingrid L. Nelson, and Andrea J. Nightingale. "More-Than-Human Co-becomings: The Interdependencies of Water, Embodied Subjectivities and Ethics." In Contours of Feminist Political Ecology, 129–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20928-4_6.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we explore the politics of interdependencies through situated entanglements with water. Framing more-than-human interdependencies within feminist political ecology means starting from an understanding of relationality. Drawing on research with waters and communities in Maharashtra, India and the Tagus River in Spain, we focus on the co-constitution of embodied subjectivities with the more-than-human, addressing issues of well-being, illness and ecological change in contemporary waterscapes. In doing so we explore the contradictions, tensions and ethical implications of situated more-than-human co-becomings.
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Fischer, Johanna, Alexander Polte, and Meika Sternkopf. "Introduction of Long-Term Care Systems: The Nascent Diffusion of an Emergent Field of Social Policy." In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion, 139–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_6.
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AbstractThe introduction of social protection schemes for long-term cares that is assistance with daily living activities in case of extended impairments, constitutes a comparably recent development. Taking a birds-eye perspective, this chapter explores which international interdependencies and national constellations contributed to the establishment of long-term case systems from 1945 to 2010. In particular, we investigate the relevance of channels of horizontal diffusion, that is, geographic proximity, cultural similarity, and colonial ties, the influence of the European Union as well as domestic factors such as problem pressure and women’s political empowerment.
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Kersh, Natasha, Hanna Toiviainen, George K. Zarifis, and Pirkko Pitkänen. "Active Citizenship, Lifelong Learning and Inclusion: Introduction to Concepts and Contexts." In Young Adults and Active Citizenship, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65002-5_1.
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AbstractThis chapter provides insight into the rationale, background and key concepts of the book and will discuss relevant theoretical considerations, contexts and discourses. The complexity surrounding the conceptual understanding of active citizenship, adult education and vulnerability will be considered, and approaches towards achieving a shared understanding of the nature of adult education and lifelong learning will be addressed within this chapter. In this book, the concept of active citizenship is used as a conceptual lens to understand the role of adult education in including young adults in active social, political and economic participation and engagement. The findings indicate that the social, economic and political dimensions of active citizenship, encompassing the development of social competences, labour market skills as well as civic and political participation, have been related to various educational initiatives (programmes) to engage young adults in active participation. The chapter will open the discussion of the cross-national complexity and interdependencies between adult education, social inclusion and active participatory citizenship, which underpin the dialogue offered in the seven contributions within this book.
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Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye. "Realism and Complex Interdependence." In International Political Economy, 53–63. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24443-0_5.
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Carter, Caitríona. "Sustainability interdependence." In The Politics of Aquaculture, 1–27. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351014991-1.
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Hirsch, Seev. "The Political Economy of Interdependence." In Structural Change, Economic Interdependence and World Development, 31–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09120-1_3.
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Peterson, John. "Sovereignty and Interdependence." In Fundamentals in British Politics, 251–74. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27696-7_12.
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Jones, Erik. "Globalization and Interdependence." In Developments in European Politics, 11–27. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-0-230-34523-2_2.
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Mukhopadhyay, Amartya. "Theories of Interdependence." In Positivist and Political-Economic Theories of International Relations, 109–29. London: Routledge India, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003451624-6.
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Dell, Edmund. "The Political Case for Free Trade." In The Politics of Economic Interdependence, 195–202. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18874-1_14.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Political interdependencies"
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Sarı, Selahattin, Cevat Gerni, Mustafa Kemal Değer, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "Relationship Between Exports and Economic Growth in Turkic Republics in Transition Process." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00169.
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After the collapse of the Eastern Bloc in 1991 the newly independent Turkic republics have experienced a transition recession that is relatively more severe and longer as compared to the case of the Central and Eastern transition economies. The lack of political and socio-economic institutional infrastructure needed for transition is argued as the key factor of this process. The efforts of these countries to integrate with the world markets by force of economic liberalization, the term which is used as the synonym of the transition, constitute the pivot. In the process of liberalizing the commodity markets exports and imports take the most important place. With the process of transition, in the Turkic republics, the production linkages, in other words input interdependencies, which had been formed during Soviet era, broke out and hence production bottlenecks and hyperinflations occurred. While negative supply shocks are expected to overcome in the years 2000s, it is also expected that exports and economic growth relationships as the result of market economy and trade liberalization barely arise. This study concerns the exports and economic growth relationships which forms a trivet of liberalization applications in the Turkic republics. Nevertheless, there is a vest literature that suggests that for exports and outward-orientation to effectively affect economic growth a country should attain a minimum level of development. In this context, the relationships between exports and economic growth in the Turkic republics will be investigated using panel data and causality tests.
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Panfil, Georgica. "PEST ANALYSIS OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM FROM ROMANIAN POLICE ACADEMY. A FOCUS ON MODERN LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES." In eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-012.
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When evaluating an environment or an institution, assessing the internal and external factors to influence its evolution or its environment is very useful in understanding the mechanisms and the links or interdependencies between the same elements of the same body or the links between that environment and external world. PEST analysis offers the possibility to evaluate such institution from the point of view of the influences related to Political, Economical, Social and Technological vectors to influence that institution. In addition to that, one can easily consider to also insert other layers of evaluation, such as Legislative elements to determine changes within the external and internal climax, Environmental issues or others. Current paper is focused on understanding the way that such external vectors intersect with the development of the educational system of Romanian Police Academy ("Alexandru Ioan Cuza"), due to the fact that this type of institution has its specific deriving from its complexity and sensitivity to such factors. The main research method is the one related to case study (and not only for the institution itself, but especially the segment related to the implementation of modern technologies related to teaching-learning, as within the past periods this domain has easily proven its efficiency related to the ease of some educational processes, and even for institutional development itself) however transversal and longitudinal analysis are also tackled. The paper is also mean to provide an objective assessment of the structural and managerial realities, together with the challenges linked to how to overcome the elements that tend to harden institutional development.
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Gouiaa, Raef, and Anna Bazarna. "The interaction between rationality, politics and artificial intelligence in the decision-making process in information technology governance." In New outlooks for the scholarly research in corporate governance. Virtus Interpress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/nosrcgp16.
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In the context of information technology governance (ITG), this study delves into the connection between political, rational and technological approaches in the decision-making process (DMP) and their influence on enterprise governance. The primary objective is to explore the interdependence of these approaches and assess their impact. The study employs a literature review that analyzes the relationship among rationality, politics, and technology, including artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and business intelligence. The research addresses the question of how these various techniques can be integrated into the decision-making process. It also provides a theoretical framework for implementing each of these models. The authors propose that situations involving AI, rationality, or politics are the basis for the decision-making process. After proceeding with a literature review, a correlation between the actions of certain managers who used Big Data and machine learning in their decision-making process and rationality has been found. However, the research did not find any correlation between these commitments and political models. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of understanding the interplay between rational and political approaches in the decision-making process within ITG.
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Perera, P. N. R., T. Wijesinghe, and B. K. C. Perera. "Effective methods in collaborative procurement system for energy sector projects in Sri Lanka." In Independence and interdependence of sustainable spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2022.7.
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All governments are bound to provide better infrastructure services for their citizens. Due to numerous financial difficulties governments move towards Collaborative procurement methods to secure infrastructure projects with participation of private sector. Sri Lanka is still lagging in implementing proper collaborative partnerships in infrastructure developments. Sri Lankan energy sector highly depends on hydro and expensive diesel power plants. Because of that, in dry season Sri Lanka is facing huge generation gap in meeting demand. To overcome these challenges Sri Lanka urgently needs to implement new power plants with more economical power sources. Therefore, the aim of the study is set to identify suitable collaborative procurement methods and develop the framework for processing those new projects. Barriers to implement collaborative energy sector projects were identified through literature review and expert interviews. Explored barriers were categorized into Social, Economic, Political and Regulatory discipline and key measures were proposed to overcome such. The suitable procurement routes for each energy project were brought to the new knowledge considering power generation capacity of power plants and prevailing regulations. Finally, the framework was developed to adopt proper implementation of identified procurement methods in Sri Lankan energy sector.
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Alperen, Ümit, and Ahmet Günay. "Trade Expectations Theory and China’s Rising: Towards a Peaceful Future?" In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00907.
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Since mid-1990, it has been discussed that China’s economic rise would affect political space. There are some worries that the “rejuvenation” of China as economic, politic, geo-strategic power could challenge to the current international system. Hence this rising has been called “China threat theory” and it could cause a conflict in international system. According to realist school, China’s peaceful rise is almost impossible, so China will threat to the current international system and clash with hegemonic power. They also provide some empirical evidence from history. On the other hand, Liberals expresses that trade provides valuable benefits to any particular states. So, China as a dependent state should avoid from war or conflict, since peaceful trading gives it all the benefits of close ties without any of the costs and risks of war. This paper attempts to examine ‘China’s peaceful rise’ based on interdependence and trade expectations theory within the context of international political economy. To analyze whether China threat or not to the world, we have to know the relationship between economic and politics. Trade expectations theory could explain the rise of China with establishes bridge between incompetence of realist and liberal theories. According to trade expectations theory, the rise of China will be peaceful because of China’s expectations as economically are positive. For this reason, China as a rational actor chooses win-win without risk instead of win-lose or lose-lose. If China’s expectations turn into negative in future, its policies could change from cooperation to conflict.
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Iorgulescu, Filip. "NEW PERSPECTIVES ON FINANCIAL CONTAGION AND MARKET INTERDEPENDENCE IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE CRISIS." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on POLITICAL SCIENCES, LAW, FINANCE, ECONOMICS AND TOURISM. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b22/s6.066.
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Klotiņš, Jurģis. "Cilvēka personas brīvība un kopīgais labums Žaka Maritēna filosofijas skatījumā = The Human Person’s Freedom and the Common Good in Jacques Maritain’s Philosophy." In Latvijas Universitātes 80. starptautiskā zinātniskā konference. LU Vēstures un filozofijas fakultāte, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/luszk.80.fds.01.
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In his essays under the title “The Person and the Common Good” (the French edition 1947), Jacques Maritain extensively discussed the mutual relation and interdependence between a human person and a political community. The human person is a part of a political community and inferior to it, for he or she receives basic human goods from the common good, which itself is constituted by human persons. Nevertheless, a human person is also superior to the political community due to an ultimate fulfilment of human existence in direct relationship to God and regarding matters related to the philosophical categories such as truth, good and beauty. If the human person’s freedom to strive for these transcendental goods is respected on behalf of the political community, the common good can be properly maintained and continues to serve the community. Maritain’s position contains practical implications for the contemporary discussions of political philosophy on freedom of conscience and religious freedom, and freedom of expression.
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Gribincea, Alexandru. "The interdependence between organisational culture and business innovation IMM." In Conferinta stiintifica internationala "Strategii si politici de management in economia contemporana", editia VII. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2022.50.
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Innovation has been mainly associated with the development of new products and the development of new processes. This view has changed, and innovation can now be linked to any part of the value chain, be it the development of new services, new business models, rethinking cooperation, revenue streams, distribution channels or management styles. This new vision of innovation applies to retail, industry and services. It is therefore increasingly interesting to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that impact innovation performance.
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Valentim, Juliana. "Participatory Futures Imaginations." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.111.
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The contemporary conjuncture of widespread ecological and social crises summons critical thinking about significant cultural changes in digital media design. The selection and classification practices that marked the history of slavery and colonization now rely on all types of nanotechnologies. On behalf of the future, bodies became expanded territory to sovereign intervention, where the role of contemporary powers enable extraction and mining of material, plumbed from the most intimate sphere of the self. This logic requires the state of exception to become the norm, so that the crisis is the digital media’s critical difference: they cut through the constant stream of information, differentiating the temporally valuable from the mundane, offering users a taste of real-time responsibility and empowerment. Thereby, this research aims to explore the dynamic transformations of the mediatic environment and their impacts on the fundamental relationships of human beings with the world, the self, and objects. It unfolds concerns around neocolonial assaults on human agency and autonomy that resonate from structuring patterns emerging from the digital infrastructure of neoliberalism and the relationships of human beings with the world. It disputes the imaginaries, representational regimes, and the possibilities of reality perceptions with universal, patriarchal, and extractive representations. This research also seeks alternative forms of media education and political resistance through its collaborative practice, pursuing an attentive and open-ended inquiry into the possibilities latent for designing new communication and information tools within lived material contexts: How might we represent invisible media infrastructures? How to produce knowledge about this space and present it publicly? How can these representations be politically mobilized as ecological and social arguments to establish a public debate? How can artistic sensibilities, aesthetics and the visual field influence what is thought of this frontier space? Finally, how can art, play and research intervene and participate? For this, the project involves participatory methods to create spaces for dialogue between different epistemologies, questioning the forms of ethical and creative reasoning in the planetary media and communication systems; for fostering the techno-politics imagination through playful, participatory futures and transition design frameworks as an ethical praxis of world-making; and for a reconceptualization of autonomy as an expression of radical interdependence between body, spaces, and materiality. The research aims to provide a framework for designing media tools, which incorporates core design principles and guidelines of agency and collective autonomy. It also engages with the transnational conversation on design, a contribution that stems from recent Latin American epistemic and political experiences and struggles, and the wider debate around alternative forms of restoring communal bonds, conquering public discussion spaces, and techno-political resistances through collaborative research practices and participatory methods.
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Wang, Shiying, Xiangyang Li, and Guanghua Yu. "Research on Ontology Model of the Urban Critical Infrastructure System Interdependence." In Proceedings of the 2018 3rd International Conference on Politics, Economics and Law (ICPEL 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icpel-18.2018.115.
Full textReports on the topic "Political interdependencies"
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Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, Maria Sibylla Merian Centre. Conviviality in Unequal Societies: Perspectives from Latin America Thematic Scope and Preliminary Research Programme. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/mecila.2017.01.
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The Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America (Mecila) will study past and present forms of social, political, religious and cultural conviviality, above all in Latin America and the Caribbean while also considering comparisons and interdependencies between this region and other parts of the world. Conviviality, for the purpose of Mecila, is an analytical concept to circumscribe ways of living together in concrete contexts. Therefore, conviviality admits gradations – from more horizontal forms to highly asymmetrical convivial models. By linking studies about interclass, interethnic, intercultural, interreligious and gender relations in Latin America and the Caribbean with international studies about conviviality, Mecila strives to establish an innovative exchange with benefits for both European and Latin American research. The focus on convivial contexts in Latin America and the Caribbean broadens the horizon of conviviality research, which is often limited to the contemporary European context. By establishing a link to research on conviviality, studies related to Latin America gain visibility, influence and impact given the political and analytical urgency that accompanies discussions about coexistence with differences in European and North American societies, which are currently confronted with increasing socioeconomic and power inequalities and intercultural and interreligious conflicts.
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Soramäki, Kimmo. Financial Cartography. FNA, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.69701/ertx8007.
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Geographic maps have been of military and economic importance throughout the ages. Rulers have commissioned maps to control the financial, economic, political, and military aspects of their sovereign entities. Large scale projects like the Ordnance Survey in the UK in the late 18th century, and the Lewis and Clark Expedition a few decades later to map the American West, are early examples of trailblazing efforts to create accurate modern maps of high strategic importance. Digitalization, globalization, and a larger urban and educated workforce necessitate a new understanding of the world, beyond traditional maps based on geographic features. Many of today's most critical threats know no geographic borders. For instance, cyber attacks can be orchestrated through globally distributed bot networks; just-in-time manufacturing relies on the free flow of goods across jurisdictions; global markets and the infrastructures that support them relay information and price signals globally within seconds. A lack of understanding financial interdependencies was clearly demonstrated by the freezing of credit markets in the last financial crisis and the uncertainty created by Brexit. Ten years after the financial crisis, we are still only beginning to map, model and visualise these critical maps of the financial world. We call for attention to work on a large scale project of "Financial Cartography" to address this gap. In financial cartography, we replace geographic proximity with logical proximity, such as financial interdependence, similarity (e.g., of portfolio or income streams), a flow of transactions or a magnitude of exposures. Similar to geographic maps, financial maps will find many important uses across business, government and military domains. Critically, they are needed for protection and projection of state power, for optimizing and managing risks in business, and in making policy decisions related to the major challenges of climate change, mass migration and geopolitical instability. Fundamentally, cartography is a way that reality can be modeled to communicate information on “big data” sets. Cartography allows one to simplify and reduce the complexity of the data to highlight salient features of the data, and to filter out noise. This makes maps ideal devices to increase the bandwidth by which information can be communicated to its users, for making quick decision based on complex data. In the following pages, we make a case and provide starting points for a research agenda around "Financial Cartography" in three interrelated parts: Maps of Trade Networks Maps of Financial Markets and Maps of Financial Market Infrastructures
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Bolaños Zamora, Rodrigo. Costa Rica: The Next Stage-Reform without Volatility: A Report. Inter-American Development Bank, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010773.
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This study assesses macroeconomic volatility in Costa Rica, based largely on politically weak governments' inability or unwillingness to effect key reforms. Notable problems include volatility-prone fiscal and monetary policy, structurally weak public finances due to large domestic debts and politically motivated expenditure cycles, underdeveloped financial markets, weak financial links abroad, and risky corporate financing. The paper recommends greater fiscal discipline, financial and policy independence for the Central Bank, improvements in financial system operations, and improving financial links abroad, further discussing the interdependence among these proposals.
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Demchenko, Dmytro. DEMASSIFICATION OF SOCIAL PROCESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (TO THE PROBLEM OF THE DICHOTOMY OF “ELITE-MASS” AS A POLITICAL COMMUNICATION PARADOX). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12171.
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The article aims to analyze a complicated process of the society’s main components – elite, mass communication, and masses – in their interaction and interdependence from the historical perspective. Due to industrialization and modernization of the life quality, the social life changes radically, and the essence of every component of the society changes as well. The elite loses its dynastic character. The media stop to play the role of a mediator taking on the obligations of a collective agitator and propagandist, and the mass stops to be cloth for wiping shoes. It starts to form a mass audience and, by that, obtains new forms that must be taken into account by social institutions. Together with that the collective views are substituted by the views which are stronger than the ones of a separate individual. One of the main conclusions of the investigation is as follows. The formation of the “consumer society” and the strengthening of the mass communication role resulted in the appearance of “mediocracy” which factually introduced an absolute elite dependence on it and conferred the right of media to set the social agenda. The mass turned out to be a silent majority, a unity of conformity-oriented people. These people become simultaneously a product of mass communication impact because they dictate what one must read, listen to, and watch from the media menu. They force MMC to satisfy their unassuming needs making the content trivial and commodificated. In other words, the mutual process of the interaction of the media, “impossible independence” and the conscious “communicative consensus” of individuals who are willingly united with the mass audience takes place. The creation of the internet due to “digital anonymity” and the autonomy of the consumer formed the conditions for the self-determined citizens and gave the elite a modest place in the “cyber democracy”. However, the increase in individual self-isolation leads to his gradual loss of “social capital,” and that threatens to replace the direct experience with a virtual environment that will make it very difficult to differentiate reality from fiction. Keywords: elite, mass, media, mass communication, information space, globalization.
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Erdoğan, Emre. A foreign policy litmus test: How the war in Ukraine has fuelled populist rhetoric in Erdoğan’s Turkey. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0033.
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The war in Ukraine is a defining historical moment that demonstrates the limitations of contemporary politics. Even the most pessimistic scholars did not conceive of a direct military conflict in the heart of the Eurasian landmass. Moreover, this conflict has exposed the limitations of populism in foreign policy. Despite rare instances of rhetorical cooperation with Russia, the populist politicians of Europe remained committed to Atlanticist foreign policies. Turkey, a textbook example of populist governance, offers a superb illustration of how the international zeitgeist constrains populist politicians’ goals. The “balanced” approach of Turkey’s foreign policy, which is dictated by its asymmetrical interdependence with Russia, aims to strengthen Turkey’s role as a regional force through mediation. In the meantime, the pressure of upcoming presidential elections and the country’s economic position are additional obstacles. An examination of Erdoğan’s speeches over the past year reveals that he has replicated this balanced approach in his discourse as the leader of Turkey. Keywords: Turkey; Ukraine–Russia war; foreign policy; populism.
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Moccero, Diego, and Carlos Winograd. Macroeconomic Coordination Policies: Why and How?: From Europe to MERCOSUR. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011153.
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This paper was prepared within the framework of "Deeper Integration of MERCOSUR: Dealing with Disparities", a joint initiative between the Integration and Regional Programs Department and the Operations Department 1 of the Inter-American Development Bank. Given the relatively lower political incentives for interdependence in MERCOSUR than in the European experience, economic disturbances and economic lobbies may prevail in times of crisis increasing the risks of derailing the integration process. The authors of this paper draw from the lessons from the European experience of macroeconomic coordination since the early days of the European Economic Community and discuss the main differences between MERCOSUR and the European Union regarding the economic and institutional environment. In the first section of the paper, they combine the lessons obtained from the European experience and the fundamental disparities to be faced in the MERCOSUR to design a specific macroeconomic policy coordination agenda for the region. In the second section they account for the European history of macroeconomic coordination, whereas the third section analyses the main disparities constraining the cooperation policies in MERCOSUR. In light of the previous sections, the fourth part of the study will discuss the appropriate design of macroeconomic coordination in the region, with the fifth section containing the conclusions.
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van den Hurk, Bart, Ilona M. Otto, Christopher P. O. Reyer, Jeroen Aerts, Magnus Benzie, Emanuele Campiglio, Timothy R. Carter, et al. What can Covid-19 teach us about preparing for climate risks in Europe? Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc006.
Full textAbstract:
- The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting many areas of decision-making and policy planning. Lockdowns, economic shocks and public recovery packages are affecting the way we plan for the future, and have shifted societal values and perceptions of risk. Societies across the world have rapidly developed a “new normal”, whilst coping mechanisms and levels of cooperation vastly differ across the globe, significantly affecting impacts and costs. This context should be taken as a new starting point when planning for future crises. - Climate change impacts have the same potential for amplification through system interconnectivity, political responses, and social vulnerability. - Like COVID-19, climate change impacts have the potential to disrupt society via interconnected global networks. Governments, businesses and large organizations trying to anticipate future disruption must take a “systemic” perspective when designing policies to reduce and manage these risks. This approach will have significant implications for how risks are mapped, assessed and managed. - It is essential to understand how to respond to other high impact events in order to reduce risks and increase the overall system resilience and preparedness. These events are likely to occur more frequently in a world that is warming and increasing in connectivity and interdependence. - Responses to the pandemic and the pandemic itself – as with climate change – have had the most detrimental effects on the most vulnerable groups. The ongoing fallout from COVID-19 demonstrates the need for greater multilateral and regional attention to resilience, particularly in terms of trade, fiscal stimulus policies and social safety-nets. But it is important to think of resilience as a process of evolution: current reforms and measures must lead to better preparation for not only future pandemics, but also for a range of events and compound events induced by a changing climate. - Actions to approach climate change as a systemic rather than a localized risk include collaborative ways to identify and visualize direct and indirect impact cascades that cross economic sectors and regional boundaries, and redefine the goals of climate adaptation plans to address system-wide resilience. - Scenario tools and social simulation techniques are useful tools to support stakeholders’ preparedness and contingency planning. These tools should be deployed more widely to foster system-wide risk mitigation and management strategies.