Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Political geography United States'
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1
Blackburn, John D. (John Daniel). "United States-Mexican border zone." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291812.
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The regulation of people and products moving between the United States and Mexico, most visible along their 2,000 mile-long boundary, also depends on the complementary function of a series of border zones. Located adjacent to the boundary, they form part of each country's administrative attempts to balance national interests and the particular needs of the border area. The boundary, limit of national sovereignty, allows a certain degree of interaction; border zones, while broadening the area of contact, impose some limitations upon it. The form and function of border zones have varied over time, just as administration of the boundary has adjusted to change. Since residents of Northern new Spain met participants of American westward expansion, the two central governments have used border zones to impose restrictions on the interchange. Mexico has feared its northern neighbor's territorial ambitions and economic power. Immigration and drugs from Mexico concern the United States.
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Moore, Anna. "A Critical Geography of the United States' Diplomatic Footprint." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22294.
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The practice of diplomacy has changed dramatically in recent decades as a result of technological advancements and shifting geopolitical concerns. No longer confined to the cloaked and closed-door practices of elite state institutions, the diplomatic landscape has broadened, and been made visible, across space and scale. Amidst this rapidly changing environment, it is imperative to understand how states are adjusting their material diplomatic infrastructure and what that means for everyday diplomatic practices. While many countries have adjusted to twenty-first century diplomatic realities by adapting to a more mobile, maneuverable diplomatic corps and fewer facilities, the United States remains committed to a widespread diplomatic network, the largest in the world. This diplomatic footprint is the hallmark of universality, a sustained effort over time to acquire near total diplomatic coverage by dotting the world with embassies and consulates designed to look, work, and behave in a similar, if not, ageographic, manner. Attending to this understudied phenomenon means studying the historical and geographic conditions out of which this relatively even and uniform diplomatic apparatus materialized. It further means analyzing the contemporary pattern of U.S. diplomatic infrastructure against the shifting terrain of diplomatic norms and space.
Drawing empirically on interviews with elite diplomatic practitioners, substantial archival material, and the researcher’s own experience working within the U.S. diplomatic assemblage, this study has sought to examine why the United States remains committed to universality and what embassies and consulates actually do to secure U.S. foreign policy goals. Specifically, the study—presented in this dissertation as three discrete original research articles—is framed by the following research questions:
(1) What ideas and policies shaped the geographical footprint of U.S. diplomatic infrastructure over the course of the twentieth century?
(2) How does the globe-girdling U.S. diplomatic assemblage reflect and influence geopolitical ideas and practices?
(3) How does the grouping of diplomatic missions along regional lines reflect and influence U.S. foreign policy?
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Butterworth, Melinda K. "Climate, Ecology, and the Socio-Political Dimensions of Mosquito-Borne Disease in the Southern United States." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560859.
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Infectious organisms, such as dengue and West Nile viruses, are understood to be part of complex ecologies. The same is true for their common vectors, Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. Standing water, whether from human or naturally fed sources, provides the necessary breeding habitat for immature stages. Climatic variables such as temperature and rainfall can both directly impact the amount of water available for breeding. Temperature can alter this amount via evaporation, while precipitation can maintain or refill breeding sites. The effects of temperature also partially govern the lifecycle and development of these vectors and viruses. Human action and management can further mitigate these sites by eliminating them through dumping standing water or adding insecticide, or conversely promoting them. These factors can impact the spatial distribution of these organisms at multiple scales, such as global patterns of disease, as well as patterns of risk within urban areas. This dissertation examines the ecology of two mosquito-borne diseases, dengue fever and West Nile fever, at multiple scales and asks, 1. How do environmental changes shift distributions of mosquito-borne diseases? and 2. How do local actors and residents understand, respond to, and manage these emerging infections? Dengue fever is one of the most important and fastest spreading global vector-borne diseases. At a large spatio-temporal scale, potential and future dengue transmission is assessed under current and future (2045-65) climate change scenarios across the southern US. Understanding the differential impacts of climate on the Ae. aegypti mosquito and dengue virus is essential for projecting the shifting geographies of dengue fever. This includes considering both temperature and precipitation impacts. The results suggest that winter temperatures may be limiting dengue transmission in the southern US currently, but this may change under climate change. This is particularly true for the Gulf Coast region, which becomes more climatically suitable for dengue transmission under future analysis. To understand the variance of disease risk within urban spaces, the same dynamic mosquito model was coupled with remotely sensed imagery and parameterized for Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes to visualize mosquito risks across the city of Tucson. Despite an arid climate, West Nile virus is an ongoing public health concern in Arizona. The maps, visualized at multiple scales, were used to assess individual perceptions of mosquito abundance and control responsibility held by residents and health officials. The results show disparate interpretations of mosquito risk among these groups, with differing calls for responsibility and action. This further shows the ways in which maps of environmental and health hazards are not only reflective of certain landscapes, but also productive. From a public health perspective, this paper is useful for understanding shifting perceptions of disease landscapes and how they match with ecological realities. While maps and modeling techniques are useful for assessing risk over various scales, the spaces of interaction between disease vectors and humans is particularly local. These interactions, and the creation or eradication of breeding habitats, are always a simultaneous relationship between environmental factors and human action. This is particularly true for the dengue fever vector, Ae. aegypti, which lives in close proximity to humans. Grounded by fieldwork conducted in Key West, FL, the site of two years of dengue fever outbreaks in 2009 and 2010, the final component of this dissertation examines how residents in Key West understand mosquito control responsibility, and what complicates the effective control of the vector on the island. While it was found that residents are highly active in monitoring and controlling mosquitoes in and around their yards, important socio-ecological factors are identified that stand to complicate control efforts. The decisions people make about their risks and around their homes as they manage the ecological spaces of the mosquito are crucial for effective public health practice.
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Abunafeesa, Elsadig Yagoub A. "The post-1970 political geography of the Red Sea region, with special reference to United States interests." Thesis, Durham University, 1985. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7876/.
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This is a pioneer and comprehensive study of the political geography of the Red Sea region. Background studies on geopolitics, physical environment, and resources are offered. The thesis is especially concerned with three basic American interests in the Red Sea. Firstly, energy interest: United States deep concern about uninterrupted flow of oil supplies from the Gulf to the former as well as to its Western allies creates an increasing American interest in the Red Sea route, particularly since the Gulf tanker war in 1982. Such interest is clearly seen in United States political, technical, and financial involvement in the Suez Canal (1975) and in the current laying of pipelines from the Gulf to the Red Sea. Disruption of those supplies to the US or its allies may result in American use of force. Secondly, shipping interest: such concern is clearly shown in United States involvement in matters relating to the Suez Canal, the Straits of Bab al Mandeb and Tiran. Freedom of navigation through the Red Sea, especially for Israeli ships, is a major American interest in this respect. United States refusal to sign the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea may involve the former into conflict with some Red Sea States, particularly when American nuclear-powered vessels sail from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean or vice versa. Thirdly, Soviet involvement in Afghanistan, the Gulf war and the resurgence of Islam are becoming increasingly worrying to the US, because such developments are feared as a destabilizing factor to the stability of the oil producing states of the Arabian peninsula, with particular reference to Saudi Arabia, the most important Red Sea state.
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Brocker-Knapp, Skyler Lillian. "The 2016 Presidential Election: Demographic Transformation and Racial Backlash." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3827.
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Despite analysts' predictions and assertions prior to the 2016 presidential election, the Hispanic vote did not prove decisive. Donald Trump's victory elucidates a new electoral calculus, one that will be ruled simultaneously by changing demographics and the backlash against such change. While Hispanic voters largely supported Hillary Clinton, structural and individual impediments hinder their access to the voting booth and their turnout on election day. This thesis explores the reasons why the Hispanic electorate did not prove decisive in the 2016 presidential election. It further illuminates the changing Electoral College map, in which the Midwest and the Rustbelt are determined by an older white electorate and the South and Southwest are determined by an influx of minorities and immigrants, namely the Hispanic electorate.
The 2016 presidential election illustrates the demographic changes and subsequent backlash that will persist over the next decade. A growing Hispanic population and electorate will eventually alter the political calculus of national and state elections, but turnout among white voters will continue to prove decisive in the near future. White backlash and transactional voting (e.g. economic, religious) clearly clinched Trump's success in crucial swing states, ultimately securing his Electoral College win. A review of polling prior to the 2016 election, as well as case studies of economic transactional and Hispanic Trump voters, demonstrates the breakdown across party and state lines that ensured Trump's Electoral College victory, despite a large and expanding Hispanic electorate. While it will continue to grow exponentially, it is unlikely that the Hispanic electorate will prove decisive as soon as the 2020 presidential election, but it will inevitably determine national and state elections within the next decade.
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McManus, Patrick. "Stability and flexibility: The Rush-Bagot Agreement and the progressive modernization of Canadian-American security relations." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28366.
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This dissertation examines the historical progression of the Rush-Bagot Agreement through the fundamental change versus transitory modernization debate that has emerged in North America as a result of the reorganization of continental security and defence since 2001. The Agreement, which was signed by Britain and the United States in 1817 and subsequently embraced by Canada upon its independence, has acted as a stable measure of the security and defence relationship on the continent throughout its entire history. It has persisted through nearly two centuries of industrialization, expansionism, war, and modernization, and remains relevant in governing security and defence relations on the Great Lakes. By tracing the development of this Agreement and relations on the Lakes through previous periods of continental and international discord, this paper suggests that the changes to continental security and defence since 2001 represent little more than the refurbishing of relations to address a new threat, and thus are consistent with past defence modernizations during periods of continental vulnerability.
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Llera, Pacheco Francisco Javier. "The geography of interests: Urban regime theory and the construction of a bi-national urban regime in the United States/Mexico border region (1980-1999)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289102.
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This dissertation uses the urban regime theory to study the influence of bi-national public-private coalitions over the land development patterns of the US/Mexico border cities. In the El Paso del Norte region, the development of the bi-national land market has been contingent on the presence of land investors with local roots and on the concentration of urban land in a few investors. In this region, local groups become dominant and influential by accumulating land properties. On the Mexican Paso del Norte, there are two types of partisan public-private coalitions influencing the process of land development. On the US Paso del Norte, the limited vacant land to promote large urban projects in Texas has consolidated the emergence of a dominant public-private coalition in Sundland Park, New Mexico. Evidences in this dissertation show that bi-national cooperation is not attainable by the majority of local public and private actors. However, the San Geronimo - Santa Teresa case study shows that public-private cooperation among the most powerful local landholders has transcended national political boundaries to promote industrial development. Bi-national urban regimes exhibit the informal integration of various scales of governments and local urban regimes to produce simultaneous outcomes from policies implemented in two different and contiguous land markets. In the El Paso del Norte region, the economic and political inter-dependency of the Mexican and American urban contexts has created the conditions to move urban regime theory into a more global scope in explaining the processes of transboundary public-private cooperation and policy elaboration.
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Greene, Tyler Gray. "Accessible Isolation: Highway Building and the Geography of Industrialization in North Carolina, 1934-1984." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/431217.
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HistoryPh.D.
Between the 1930s and mid-1980s, North Carolina became one of the most industrialized states in the country, with more factory workers, as a percentage of the total workforce, than any other state. And yet, North Carolina generally retained its rural complexion, with small factories dispersed throughout the countryside, instead of concentrated in large industrial cities. This dissertation asks two essential questions: first, how did this rural-industrial geography come to be, and second, what does the creation of this geography reveal about the state of the American political economy in the post-World War II era? I argue that rural industrialization was a central goal of North Carolina’s postwar political leaders and economic development officials. These industry hunters, as I call them, wanted to raise their state’s per capita income by recruiting manufacturers to develop or relocate operations in North Carolina. At the same time, they worried about developing large industrial cities or mill villages, associating them with class conflict, congestion, and a host of other ill-effects. In the hopes of attracting industry to its countryside, the state invested heavily in its secondary roads and highways, increasing the accessibility of rural communities. In their pursuit of rural industrialization, however, North Carolina also constructed a political economy that anticipated the collapse of the New Deal state. While historians typically see New Deal liberalism as the prevailing form of statecraft in the postwar United States, North Carolina achieved economic growth through a model that state officials termed “accessible isolation.” What accessible isolation meant was that North Carolina would provide industries with enough of a state apparatus to make operating a factory in a rural area possible, while maintaining policies of low taxes, limited regulations, and anti-unionism, to make those sites desirable. Essentially, industry hunters offered industrial prospects access to a supply of cheap rural labor, but isolation from the high wages, labor unions, government regulations, and progressive tax code that defined New Deal liberalism. Accessible isolation was attractive to businesses in postwar America because it offered a “business-friendly” alternative to the New Deal, and factories began sprouting throughout rural North Carolina. But the success of accessible isolation was built on a shaky foundation. Indeed, most of the employers persuaded by its promises were those in low-wage, labor-intensive industries, making North Carolina’s rural communities especially vulnerable to transformations in the global economy by the late twentieth century.
Temple University--Theses
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Velásquez-Forte, Flavia. "Understanding decentralisation : the case of Chile." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5277/.
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This research is about administrative and political decentralisation processes, especially the efforts made by the Chilean state towards regional decentralisation. Thus the analysis is focused on two reforms: the creation of the Division of Planning and Development within the regional government and the direct election of regional councillors, which aims to reorganise the regional governments. Qualitative research and instrumental case study approach were used in order to develop this research. The research addresses three main topics: the understanding of decentralisation that key actors have, so that the agency according to that understanding; the scopes of the two reforms so far; and the relationship between the central state and the regions. Thus, the main findings are that Chilean decentralisation has been implemented with excessive caution and gradualism and that informal relations between key actors are essential in the creation of collaborative spaces. The research also discusses whether decentralisation is a process or a sequence of isolated events in Chile. Finally, the tension between administrative and political decentralisation is analysed in order to have a better understanding of both processes.
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Xierali, Imam M. "Modeling Politics Among Nations as Spatial Interaction: Explaining the Diplomatic Relations of the United States 1980-2000 with Spatial Regression." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc//view?acc_num=ucin1163385033.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.Advisor: Dr. Lin Liu. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Jan. 26, 2010). Keywords: lomatic relations; international relations; spatial effect; spatial interaction; the United States. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ancien, Delphine. "Global city theory in question the case of London and the logics of capital /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1218471544.
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Addie, Jean-Paul David. "Geographies of Neoliberal Regulation and the Everyday Urban Experience: A Case Study of Over-the-Rhine, Cincinnati." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1153950131.
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Mason, Drew. "The political effect of casework on Congress : the congressman and the American political system /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1987.
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Ward, Bryan H. "United States defense reorganizations : contending explanations /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487842372895474.
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Kuo, Joanna Dee. "Patron States: The Decline of Clientelism in the United States and Britain." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11073.
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Why do political parties reduce clientelistic strategies and adopt programmatic competition? While nineteenth-century political parties competed using a variety of clientelistic strategies, the period of 1870--1920 in the United States and Britain saw a transition to programmatic politics. This dissertation tests a theory of business preferences and clientelism by examining outcomes in three arenas: electoral politics, resource distribution, and bureaucratic patronage. It finds that the rise of managerial capitalism, the establishment of national business organizations, and the increasing costs of clientelism to economic development led businesses to push for programmatic reforms.Government
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Crimmins, Michael Alan. "Wildfire and climate interactions across the Southwest United States." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280688.
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Variability in climate and wildfire activity are inextricably linked through complex and often poorly understood processes. The studies presented in this dissertation examine fire-climate relationships across the southwestern United States at different temporal and spatial scales. Collectively, they identify that low-frequency and high-frequency changes in climatic variables important to wildfire are connected through teleconnection patterns originating in the tropical and extratropical Pacific Ocean (El Nino-Southern Oscillation [ENSO] and Pacific Decadal Oscillation [PDO]). Variability in precipitation years prior to a wildfire season appears to affect the overall number of fires and total area burned by either promoting or limiting the growth of fine fuels and also controlling moisture levels in heavy fuels. The same mechanisms (ENSO & PDO) that play a role in precipitation variability across the Southwest also appear to modulate the frequency of extreme fire weather events during the spring fire season. Identifying links between high and low frequency climatic variables important to wildfire variability provides additional insight into the complex mechanisms that link wildfire and climate. The results of this dissertation will aid in improving wildfire planning efforts that extend seasons to decades into the future.
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Peter, Joseph E. "The geography of fragipan soils in the eastern United States." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41707.
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The Soil Taxonomy definition for the brittle, compact subsoil horizons known as fragipans is vague and processes responsible for fragipan formation are poorly understood. Ambiguities in the fragipan definition have resulted in a lack of consistency in the interpretation of fragipan characteristics. These ambiguities may be attributed to difficulties encountered in establishing a precise definition broad enough to encompass the wide range of fragipan soils known to occur. This study approaches the problems of defining and identifying fragipans from a geographic perspective; emphasizing distribution of fragipan soils in the United States, and interpretation of fragipan characteristics across this range. A series of maps based on data gathered from county soil surveys are presented to estimate the areal distribution of fragipan soils in the United States and explore the regional variability of several fragipan characteristics. This study demonstrates that a "universal" definition of fragipans may not be realistic.Master of Science
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Beillard, Mariano J. "The United States Congress and Venezuela's Hugo Chávez." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1477.
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The Soviet Union's dissolution in December 1991 marks the end of the Cold War and the elimination of the United States' main rival for global political-economic leadership. For decades U.S. foreign policymakers had formulated policies aimed at containing the spread of Soviet communism and Moscow's interventionist policies in the Americas. They now assumed that Latin American leftist revolutionary upheavals could also be committed to history.
This study explores how Congress takes an active role in U.S. foreign policymaking when dealing with revolutionary changes in Latin America. This study finds that despite Chavez's vitriolic statements and U.S. economic vulnerability due to its dependence on foreign oil sources, Congress today sees Chavez as a nuisance and not a threat to U.S. vital interests. Devoid of an extra-hemispheric, anti-American patron intent on challenging the United States for regional leadership, Chavez is seen by Congress largely as a threat to the stability of Venezuela's institutions and political-economic stability. Today both the U.S. executive and the legislative branches largely see Bolivarianism a distraction and not an existential threat.
The research is based on an examination of Bolivarian Venezuela compared to revolutionary upheaval and governance in Nicaragua over the course of the twentieth century. This project is largely descriptive, qualitative in approach, but quantitative data are used when appropriate. To analyze both the U.S. executive and legislative branches' reaction to revolutionary change, Cole Blasier's theoretical propositions as developed in the Hovering Giant: U.S. Responses to Revolutionary Change in Latin America 1910- 1985 are utilized. The present study highlights the fact that Blasier's propositions remain a relevant means for analyzing U.S. foreign policymaking.
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Udezulu, Ifeyinwa E. "Imperialism or realism: United States and West Africa." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1988. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1339.
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The purpose of the thesis is to utilize the realist-neorealist paradigm to analyze the United States policy objectives in West Africa, comparably to other African regions. The basic premise of the realist paradigm purports that states are unitary actors and they act to protect their national interest.
Through a critical analysis of secondary data, my findings clearly point to the fact that the former colonial powers, Britain and France are the major actors in West Africa not the United States. The United States policy strategy centers solely on the crisis areas of other regions, the Horn, Central Africa and Southern Africa. This is because of the power struggle between the super powers and because these areas are endowed with vast mineral resources. The Nigerian oil and Chadian conflict with Libya are the only two areas of U.S. interest in West Africa.
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Brown, David Patrick. "Spatial patterns of multi-decadal climate variability in the Western United States." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280677.
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Advances in the understanding of the nature and causes of multi-decadal precipitation and temperature variability in the western United States could assist stakeholder groups in their management and distribution of resources and personnel. The three studies undertaken in this dissertation address this issue of multi-decadal climate variability and its potential implications for user groups. In the first study, the relationship between ENSO conditions and winter precipitation in the Western U.S. is examined within the context of decadal-scale variability, as represented by phasing of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Spatial inconsistencies in the ENSO-precipitation relationship, commensurate with PDO phase shifts, are identified, taking the form of a 'dipole' signature across the Western U.S. This finding has implications for the knowledge of uncertainty of ENSO teleconnections, and may prove meaningful for users of climate information throughout the region. In the second study, the reliability of fall season ENSO conditions as a predictor of Western U.S. winter circulation anomalies is shown to vary depending on the phase of the PDO pattern. During the PDO cold phase of 1948-1976, fall season El Nino events tended not to precede the expected winter troughing pattern over the West, while during the PDO warm phase of 1977-1998, fall season El Nino conditions were a more reliable predictor of winter circulation anomalies over the Western U.S. Fall season La Nina conditions during both the cold and warm phases of the PDO generally correlated well with the occurrence of wintertime high-pressure ridging centered off the Pacific coast. These results highlight uncertainty on multi-decadal time scales surrounding the use of ENSO conditions as a seasonal climate forecast tool. In the third study, the spatio-temporal variability of spring season minimum temperatures in the western United States is examined as a function of multi-decadal Pacific climate variability for the period 1925--1994. Variations in minimum temperature patterns, as determined by a principal components-based regionalization analysis, indicate a significant statistical relationship between March and April minimum temperatures and an index of the PDO. These results have implications for an improved understanding of multi-decadal climate dynamics across the West, including growing season length and intensity.
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Brady, Christopher. "United States foreign policy towards Cambodia, 1977-1992." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261444.
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Sarebanha, Mahgol. "Muslim political mobilization in the United States : 2001-2004." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101894.
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The Muslim-American community faced a crucial moment after the events of September 11th to define themselves both at home in the United States and abroad. The years which followed brought about an increasingly mobilized, better organized group of Muslim-Americans who made a decision to become more active members of American society through participating in the political system, something very difficult if not impossible in their native countries. Those who answered the call did so in different ways. One way as shown in this study was through taking a bold step and running for the United States Congress and for the first time in U.S. history, the first Muslim was elected to the House of Representatives. For the first time, the oath of office was taken on the Qur'an. The Muslim-American community, especially the immigrant population, is highly educated and successful and as generations pass, they will become a more visible part of the American landscape.
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Jarvis, Sharon E. "The talk of the party : political parties in American discourse, 1948-1996 /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Campbell, Andrea C. "Party government in the United States senate /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3064456.
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García, John A. "Mexicanos and Chicanos: Examining Political Involvement and Interface in the U.S. Political System." University of Arizona, Mexican American Studies and Research Center, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/218654.
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Genuth, Joel. "The local origins of United States national science policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11299.
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Glennon, Colin. "Arizona v. United States”, Snyder v. Phelps”, and “United States v. Windsor." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7772.
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Book Summary: Thoroughly updated and featuring 75 new entries, this monumental four-volume work illuminates past and present events associated with civil rights and civil liberties in the United States.
This revised and expanded four-volume encyclopedia is unequaled for both the depth and breadth of its coverage. Some 650 entries address the full range of civil rights and liberties in America from the Colonial Era to the present. In addition to many updates of material from the first edition, the work offers 75 new entries about recent issues and events; among them, dozens of topics that are the subject of close scrutiny and heated debate in America today. There is coverage of controversial issues such as voter ID laws, the use of drones, transgender issues, immigration, human rights, and government surveillance. There is also expanded coverage of women's rights, gay rights/gay marriage, and Native American rights. Entries are enhanced by 42 primary documents that have shaped modern understanding of the extent and limitations of civil liberties in the United States, including landmark statutes, speeches, essays, court decisions, and founding documents of influential civil rights organizations.
Designed as an up-to-date reference for students, scholars, and others interested in the expansive array of topics covered, the work will broaden readers' understanding of―and appreciation for―the people and events that secured civil rights guarantees and concepts in this country. At the same time, it will help readers better grasp the reasoning behind and ramifications of 21st-century developments like changing applications of Miranda Rights and government access to private Internet data. Maintaining an impartial stance throughout, the entries objectively explain the varied perspectives on these hot-button issues, allowing readers to draw their own conclusions.
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Roberts, Ayanna. "Protesting the polls : how postmaterialism affects political articipation in young people." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98577.
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The decline thesis proposes that political participation among young people has declined steadily and alarmingly since the 1960s. New research proposes that young people have not been simply abstaining from political participation but that they have been engaging in new or alternative forms of participation like demonstrating, signing petitions and expressing themselves politically in the market. This paper asks two questions---who are these alternative participators and what explains why they have turned to these new forms? The results indicate that young people engage with alternative forms of political participation more than they engage with more traditional forms like joining political parties and lobbying Congress. Furthermore, the results show that the theory of postmaterialism does explain in part what leads some young people to participate in these alternative forms more than others.
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Adams, Ellen Elizabeth. "Ellen Churchill Semple and American geography in an era of imperialism." W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1593092082.
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VanHorn, Jason Eugene. "Geovisualizing terror the geography of terrorism threat in the United States /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186577047.
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Lavery, Colm Raymond. "Geography and eugenics in the United States and Britain, 1900-1950." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707810.
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Eugenics has a complicated history. In the United States and Britain biologists, psychiatrists, anthropologists, political theorists and others were involved in eugenic discussions. But historians of eugenics have all but neglected to tell the geographer's story. This thesis discusses the role of four geographers: Robert DeCourcy Ward, Ellsworth Huntington, Stephen Sargent Visher and Herbert John Fleure. My main contention is that not only did these geographers play active roles in the eugenics movement, but that they used geographical theories and methodologies to bolster their eugenic ideology. Ward, as a leader of the immigration restriction movement in the United States, presented geographical solutions to eugenic problems; Huntington was a vocal advocate of understanding race through a geographical lens; Visher forwarded the claim that intelligence had a particular geography; and Fleure was interested in the history of race and migrations. These case studies serve as detailed examples of how the history of geography and the history of eugenics have intertwined in both Britain and the United States.
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Johnson, Mark Chapin. "An Assessment of United States Ethanol Policy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/24.
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From 1978 on there have been a series of legislative acts that have placed substantial protectionist burdens on the American taxpayer to provide incentives, credits and mandates for the production and use of ethanol under the rationale of reducing U.S. dependence on foreign sources of oil while purporting to economically benefit the American economy and strengthening American security. While there has been much discussion about the economic benefits of ethanol policy, there is growing literature suggesting that in addition to being neither economically nor environmentally beneficial, ethanol policy may not be achieving its intended goals. Connection between political contributions, policy formation, and the actual outcomes of the enacted policies does not appear to have been addressed. Throughout the course of ethanol policy development the narrow interests of some stakeholders may have been met at the expense of others. Given the very large economic and social costs of ongoing ethanol subsidies and mandates an exploration of such a nexus would be illuminating and valuable.
Hence the question of this research will be:
Has the ethanol energy policy of the United States, as outlined in legislative actions, requiring subsidies and mandates from taxpayers, been reflective of a deliberative democratic process that after taking into account the input and influence of various competing viewpoints has resulted in a beneficial national policy? Consequently have the policy outcomes of the legislative stakeholders matched the stated intentions of those involved in the deliberative debate that enacted it or, where have those objectives not been met?
Research that can increase understanding of how such an important policy may have failed can inform policy deliberation in such diverse areas as agriculture, national security and energy policy while illuminating how and why such public policy was made. Examination of a policy created and continuing which may have failed the most basic cost benefit analysis and does very little to enhance national energy security could demonstrate how a distortion of the legislative process resulted in outcomes that differ markedly from the stated intentions of those who enacted the policy.
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Booth, Tim. "Social policy research and government in the United States." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325314.
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Thompson, Steven Mark. "The United States administration, Congress, and NATO : 1969-1977." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305922.
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Bowles, Erik Henry. "Classifying heat waves in the United States." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1324.
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Murphy, Tim L. "An overview and survey analysis of political consultants and campaign services." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/422868.
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This study analyzes the divisions, attitudes, and background characteristics of political consultants. The political consulting field has grown greatly within the last decade, and a growing amount of attention is being paid to these once obscure political professionals. To help answer some of the questions raised about the political consulting field, I have written this thesis. The first part is an overview of the history of political consulting. The history tracks the growing use of political consultants in political campaigns, as well as the birth of new campaign technologies and their effect.The second part of the thesis is an examination of some of the major areas of political consulting. These areas include Campaign Planning/Management, Computer Listing, Direct Mail, Fundraising, Media Planning/Production/Placement, Phone Banks, Political Action Committee Solicitation, Public Opinion Polling/Surveys, Public Relations, Research, Speechwriting, Vote Demographic Analysis, and Voter Contact/Turnout.The third part of the thesis is a description of, and the results of a survey conducted of political consultants. The questionnaire probed into areas such as ideology, party preference, attitudes toward the electorate, candidates, and campaign services. Also explored were motivating factors in taking on a campaign, advantages and disadvantages of being a political consultant, and their involvement in regional/international political consulting.The results of the survey are described in terms of frequency distribution and cross tabulation by campaign service areas in an analysis of the findings at the end of the thesis.
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Kalfas, Martin Daniel. "Chinese Soft Power Promotion in the United States: 2005-2014." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1472244955.
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Payne, Erica O. "Geography of hope: the evolution of the American conservation movement." Thesis, Boston University, 2000. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27741.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
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Daly, Lisa Jean. "Defending a way of life civil defense in the United States, 1940--1963 /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Connors, Maureen E. "Vox populi the classical idiom in early American public opinion articles, 1789-1791 /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3224.
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Thesis (M.A,)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 116. Thesis director: Rosemarie Zagarri. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 28, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-115). Also issued in print.
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Zirkle, Robert Allen. "Communities rule : intra-service politics in the United States Army." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46655.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 309-346).
Intra-service politics can help explain many behaviors and outcomes across a variety of military services and countries. The thesis begins by developing a framework for understanding intra-service politics based on a review of organization theory. Every military service contains a variety of communities or unions organized by specific missions, functions or technologies. These communities compete with one another to determine a service's dominant culture and missions; and the distribution of a service's budgets, equipment and personnel. Three patterns intra-service relations are proposed: a strong and independent central leadership capable of acting as an honest broker between competing communities (e.g., the German Army of the interwar period); a single monarchical community dominating a service (e.g., the U.S. Air Force); and an oligarchy of communities controlling a service (e.g., the U.S. Army). In the latter two patterns, doctrinal developments, capabilities, and distribution of resources will mirror and tend to reinforce the power of the dominant unions. In order to test the relevancy and plausibility of the oligarchic pattern, the bulk of the thesis is taken up with three case studies examining the division design process in the U.S. Army during the 1970s and 1980s: the Division 86 design, the High Technology Light Division, and the Light Infantry Division. Overall, the evidence from these three case studies suggests the utility of an explanation based on intra-service community politics for certain behaviors. Moreover, it suggests a U.S. Army dominated by an oligarchy composed of an armored/mechanized infantry ("heavy") community, an artillery community, an aviation community and a light infantry community. The oligarchy itself has a multi-tiered structure, one where the light infantry community has the least power and influence, while the heavy and artillery communities have the most; the aviation community occupies a position in-between, wielding considerable power but never being the equal of the two dominant ground force communities.
by Robert Allen Zirkle.
Ph.D.
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Abdel-Karim, Ibrahim Amin. "Determinants of the Spatial Distribution of Peri-Urban to Rural Agriculture in the United States." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/786.
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Two issues are focal to the subject of the spatial distribution of crops in peri-urban zones. The first deals with developments in the fields of transportation, other technology, urbanization, and other factors which are not only prevalent in developed world economies, but which also are thought to force the cultivation of freshly consumed agricultural commodities away from the immediate vicinity of the market center. The second issue pertains to indirectly consumed crops, which are thought to shun proximity to the market center, where land rents per unit area are characteristically high, even when conditions for productions are ideal. Traditional models have shown a zonal pattern of crop distribution in peri-urban areas. The present study sets forth two hypotheses, one pertaining to the spatial distribution of freshly consumed crops, and the other pertaining to the spatial distribution of indirectly consumed crops. It was hypothesized in the present study that freshly consumed crops will continue to be cultivated in the near vicinity of the market center due to characteristics of the crops and the urban market. It was further hypothesized that indirectly consumed crops will continue to be cultivated in the near vicinity of the market center by virtue of greater intensity of production that may be obtained through the use of the environment of designated places. In the case of both crops, the cited factors, as well as others, offset the disadvantages of higher land rent per unit area common to areas close to the market center. These offsetting factors permit agriculture to compete successfully for land in the peri-urban zone. To test these hypotheses, variables were selected to measure the influence that urbanization, transportation, other technologies, the market, the environment, and land use regulations have on agricultural siting patterns in the peri-urban zones of the "Wheat Region" of the central United States. These variables were expressed as equations and were subjected to multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. The present findings tended to support the research hypotheses. On the basis of these findings, the present research offers a revised model of agricultural cropping patterns, one that reflects the sectoral, rather than the zonal, pattern of crop distribution in peri-urban zones. In the revised model, the mixing of different crops at various locations around the market is feasible, and low-priced grains may compete successfully for high-rent locations in the near vicinity of the urban market. The findings also show that the production of perishable crops in the iIl'.mediate vicinity of the urban market is here to stay, largely due to access to varied means of transportation as well as characteristics of the crops themselves. Furthermore, the findings show that environmental conditions influence the locating of grain production, although economic considerations were seen to supersede them, particularly at high-rent sites.
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Ault, Michael E. "Presidential Support and the Political Use of Presidential Capital." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277874/.
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This research incorporates a decision-making theory which defines the linkage between the public, the media, the president and the Congress. Specifically, I argue that the public holds widely shared domestic and international goals and responds to a number of external cues provided by the president and the media in its evaluation of presidential policies. Although most studies examine overall presidential popularity, there are important differences in the public's evaluations of the president's handling of foreign and domestic policies. Additionally, I am concerned with how the Congress responds to these specific policy evaluations, the president's public activities, and the electoral policy
goals of its members when determining whether or not to support the president. Finally, I link together the theoretical assumptions, to examine the influence of varying levels of support among the Congress and the public, and the president's own personal power goals on the type, quantity, and the quality of activities the president will choose. Ultimately, the primary focus of this dissertation is on the sources and consequences of presidential support and the influence of such support on presidential decision-making.
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Pardo, Fajardo Santiago. "The United States narcotics certification process : an evaluation." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20542.
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The issue of narcotic drugs and narcotrafficking has gained a preeminent place in the formulation and implementation of U.S. foreign policy, especially in respect to Latin American countries. Inter-American relations, previously defined in the setting of the "Cold War", currently gravitate to a large extent, around the production and trade of illegal drugs. In this new framework, the economic dependency of developing nations provides the United States with enough power to implement unilateral strategies aimed at the achievement of U.S. national interests, through the execution of a coercive diplomacy supported by the threat of economic sanctions. In this context, the government of the United States has advanced the narcotics question as a pretext to obtain political, legislative and judicial changes in Latin American countries, through the "narcotics certification process", which pretends the adoption and implementation of a flawed, prohibition law enforcement oriented antidrug strategy. The certification process, besides its futility in terms of providing a solution to the narcotics dilemma, causes irreparable damage to producer and transit countries, constitutes an obstacle in their development process and a violation of their national sovereignty.
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Elliott, Bryan James 1965. "Latin America: The United States sphere of influence." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278459.
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The history of United States (U.S.)-Latin American relations is based on conflict. The U.S. has been accused of exercising dominance over Latin America, which is called its sphere of influence. Although the U.S. did exercise control over a Latin American sphere, it did so for a short period. U.S. influence fell into decline for two reasons. The first occurred when the U.S. attained its peak of power. At this time, the U.S. took the initiative and created democratic oriented regional and international organizations. These provided the States of Latin America a way out of the U.S. sphere. The second was the intense polarization of relations that occurred during the Cold War, at which time relations began to sour as Latin America left the U.S. sphere and vociferously opposed U.S. initiatives. Now that the Cold War has ended, this relationship should return to levels of interaction and support consistent with a natural relationship among juridical equals.
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Haji, Molana Hanieh Sadat. "Voices of Acculturation: Everyday Narratives of Iranian Women on Belonging in the United States." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent159455799059827.
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Rice, Jennifer Lea. "Making Carbon Count: Global Climate Change and Local Climate Governance in the United States." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194452.
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In the absence of federally-mandated climate change regulations in the United States, many municipalities have begun to design and implement their own climate mitigation and adaptation programs during the past decade. These include programs such as the US Mayors Climate Protection Agreement, where more than 1,000 cities have pledged to meet Kyoto Protocol greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions targets within their own jurisdictions, as well as efforts to integrate climate information (e.g. tree-ring reconstructions of streamflow) into resource planning efforts to better assess the effects of climate change on water supplies. Using three related case studies in these areas, this dissertation examines the emergence and spread of local climate change programs in the US, with an emphasis on how government institutions work to make climate governable, and the potential effects these practices have on social life and the production and circulation of scientific knowledge. Central findings of the dissertation include: 1) Cities, through the use of everyday and routine political mechanisms that they have available to them, have become key sites of government action on climate change. In the process, local governments have been able to reaffirm, and in some cases expand, their influence within the public sector of environmental policy; 2) Carbon is the political currency of local climate change programs. Through the creation of GHG inventories (i.e. "carbon territories") and the production of carbon-relevant citizens, climate has become the object of urban environmental governance; and 3) Climate science is utilized in complex and contradictory ways in climate mitigation and adaptation programs. Several framings of climate science have been constructed by local governments as a means to justify action on climate change, while resource managers have begun to incorporate paleoclimate data into water resources planning. In both cases, the use of science has advanced political action on climate change, but the reliance and privilege of scientific discourses may preclude other "non-expert" communities from participating in the debate. This also demonstrates the "science effect," where the practices of science and the state are constructed as separate and distinct, when they are, in fact, coproduced through the practices of climate governance.
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Prince, Hugh Counsell. "A historical geography of changing attitudes to wetlands in the United States Midwest." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243782.
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Johnson, Margaret Alice. "United States evaluation policy| A theoretical taxonomy." Thesis, Cornell University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3586275.
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Efforts are currently underway in the US federal context to improve and strengthen evaluation practice and increase the use of evaluation results to inform policies and programs. However, these efforts remain unrealized, due partly to the lack of a comprehensive theoretical framework that views evaluation and related organizational processes and institutions as part of a larger system. Early intuitive theoretical taxonomies of evaluation policy suffer from the lack of connection to specific examples and instances, and are missing clear classification criteria that would allow practical application. To generate a grounded taxonomy of evaluation policy, this study surveyed members of the American Evaluation Association in 2009, asking them to generate examples of evaluation policy, and then to sort and rate these suggested policies. Results are analyzed using the concept mapping method of Trochim (1989), which first translates aggregate sorting decisions into conceptual “distances” on a two-dimensional dot map, then uses hierarchical cluster analysis to generate groupings of ideas. These groupings become the foundation for categories in a theoretical taxonomy. Findings reveal several different dimensions by which participants grouped evaluation policies, including the dimensions of “value” and “policy mechanism.” A values-by-mechanisms taxonomy and instructions for its use in an evaluation policy inventory process are proposed.
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Gibbons, Meghan K. "Essentially powerful political motherhood in the United States and Argentina /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6908.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Comparative Literature. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.