Journal articles on the topic 'Political economics- Healthcare issue'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Political economics- Healthcare issue.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Political economics- Healthcare issue.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Rotzinger, Kathryn. "Experiences of Transgender People in the Healthcare System: A Complex Analysis." University of Ottawa Journal of Medicine 8, no. 1 (May 7, 2018): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/uojm.v8i1.2390.
Full textAbstract:
A nursing perspective following McIntyre and McDonald’s framework was used to unpack the complex issue of challenges faced by transgender people in the Canadian healthcare system, considering historical, ethical, legal, social, cultural, political, and economic perspectives. Transgender people have unique healthcare needs which are often misunderstood or unaddressed by healthcare professionals, leading to poorer outcomes and inequities. Issues concerning transgender people are becoming a focus and a higher priority for society. This literature review reveals the complexity of this issue as the roots in historical, ethical, legal, social, cultural, political, and economic contexts are explored. A variety of barriers and facilitators exist to addressing and resolving this issue, including transgender people avoiding healthcare, intolerance, lack of knowledge and understanding, lack of healthcare provider training, media representation, and economic costs. The analysis of this issue can be used to inform resolution strategies to utilize facilitators and overcome barriers, including increasing awareness and knowledge, improving education and healthcare provider competency, and utilizing nurse leaders as advocates, role models, and agents of change. Improving care of transgender people is a nursing leadership priority. By implementing the suggested resolution strategies, the healthcare system can begin to move towards a more inclusive, understanding, and holistic model of care to improve healthcare access and outcomes for transgender people.
2
McGuinness, Seamus, and Adele Bergin. "The political economy of a Northern Ireland border poll." Cambridge Journal of Economics 44, no. 4 (March 4, 2020): 781–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beaa007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Given the increased prominence of a border poll in Ireland, particularly following the outcome of the Brexit referendum, this paper provides an initial assessment of some of the issues that are likely to become central in any debate on this issue. We examine the relative income and growth position of Northern Ireland within a UK and Irish regional framework over time. We further compare, and contrast, in detail aspects of the structure of both economies on the island of Ireland in the areas of educational attainment, trade orientation and the role of Foreign Direct Investment. The paper goes on to analyse other relevant issues, such as the relative strength and weaknesses of the healthcare systems and the factors determining the potential economic cost of Irish unification. The objective of the research is to initiate an evidence-based approach to the question of a border poll and to provide an initial indication of the breadth of detail and analysis required for any debate to proceed in a meaningful manner.
3
Muhammad Asmawi Ibrahim and Ahmed AhmedOlaitan. "Traditional healthcare practices: Growing demands and emerging trends." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 069–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.13.2.0296.
Full textAbstract:
The issue of health is seen as an accomplishment of harmonious integration of an individual with the entire universe, both spiritual and material. Thus understanding the issue of health and illness is predicted to hinge on a variety of diversified and distinctive factors such as cultural, geographical, social, political and economic dimensions. Due to this circumstance, many societies have a case to develop a healthcare system being acknowledged as an indispensable sphere to tackle a variety of health-and life-threatening ailments and diseases of their members. It is within this context that this paper reviews certain phenomena and factors galvanising the people in Nigeria to seek their healthcare needs in traditional healthcare which include its accessibility and acceptability, low cost treatment practitioners proximity, potency and efficacy, herbal formulations, enhancement of services and practices among others. The paper went further to highlight some emerging trends in this form of healthcare system.
4
Camiciottoli, Belinda Crawford. "Detecting ideological stance in an economics lecture." Ibérica, no. 40 (January 2, 2020): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17398/2340-2784.40.35.
Full textAbstract:
The discipline of economics encompasses both theoretical concepts and empirical methods for the study of human behaviours, as well as competing schools of thought and ideologies that students need to engage with and reflect upon. The university economics lecturer has an important role in helping students accomplish this goal. However, as an individual, the lecturer also holds personal ideological positions that may emerge and elude L2 listeners. The aim of this paper is to propose a systematic and comprehensive procedure for detecting ideological stance in a university economics lecture. Using a case study approach, I apply Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis to identify ideological stance and show how semiotic resources beyond verbal language contribute to its expression. This process was facilitated by the use of multimodal annotation software to analyse verbal expressions of ideological stance (e.g., evaluative language, rhetorical elements) and co-occurring non-verbal cues (e.g., prosodic features, gaze direction, gesturing). The method was able to shed light on how the lecturer’s contemporaneous use of multiple semiotic modes worked synergistically in the expression of ideological meanings in relation to a controversial issue (i.e., access to healthcare in the United States) in subtle but distinctive ways that were linked to the lecturer’s background and to the broader socio-political issues of the research context. The method could be leveraged to inform eSp settings to assist L2 learners in acquiring a better understanding of lecturers’ stance towards content, thus resulting in a more complete, effective, and satisfying lecture experience
5
Paul, P. K., A. Bhuimali, M. Ghose, and Poovammal E. "Health Information Systems: The Issues related to Governmental Initiatives, Political and Economics—A Theoretical Overview." IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering (ISSN 2455-4480) 4, no. 2 (September 10, 2016): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jte.v4.n2.p3.
Full textAbstract:
<div><p><em>Health Information System or Medical Information Systems is an important and valuable concept which is mainly dedicated to the Health related issues and solutions. The Health Information System is combines with the management and also economical aspects for its real and healthy solutions. The Health Information System is the important name in most of the developed countries for their healthy and sophisticated healthcare systems. The Health Information System thus needs to be a valuable agenda in medical and clinical systems. The Health Information System is only possible with the initiation of the solid Health Informatics practice. The domain and knowledge field of Health Information System is deals with the fundamentals of Information Studies, Computing & Information Technologies, Management Sciences with the Bio Sciences such as Physiology, Life Science, Clinical and Health Management, Human Body etc. The Health Information System has many problems in the spectrum of technologies as well as in the field of economies etc. This is a kind of conceptual paper and mainly illustrated the issues of Governance, Policies, Economics etc for solid and healthy Health Information System building. <strong></strong></em></p></div>
6
Guchanova, A. "Structural Change in American Health Care." World Economy and International Relations 67, no. 7 (2023): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-7-54-62.
Full textAbstract:
The article looks at the state of the U.S. healthcare at the end of the pandemic which brought to light a range of systemic problems of the industry: low efficiency at extremely high cost, inequities to health care access and a strong divide in the American society on healthcare issues. The author examines the key factors that will shape the future of the industry. Among them are an uncertain economic situation and high inflation rates, the rollback of the Medicaid continuous enrollment provisions, the end of the public health emergency and the population aging. The divided Congress also won’t allow the democratic administration to realize large-scaled reforms announced by the President during the race. At the same time some provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 will bring some changes to the industry. The analysis allowed the author to come to the following conclusions. American healthcare is experiencing a structural change. On the one hand, the system has to adapt to an endemic future. On the other hand, the difficult economic situation resulting from the COVID‑19 pandemic will be another stress test for the industry: shortages of medical personnel, unprofitable medical facilities, rising prices for medical care, and a likely increase of the uninsured. Many traditional players will need to review their operations. Non-traditional retail giants could change game rules and offer more efficient models for managing and health care delivery. Addressing the issue of equitable access to health care will require further intervention by the federal government. Healthcare will be one of the key topics in the 2024 presidential election.
7
OSADCHUK, Mikhail A., Alexey M. OSADCHUK, Ekaterina D. MIRONOVA, and Karina S. SOLODENKOVA. "Global and Russian Reproductive Care in the Context of Medical Tourism: Ethical, Social, Economic and Political Issues." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 6 (September 30, 2021): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.6(54).10.
Full textAbstract:
Cross-border reproductive care is a complex issue of the modern world that also impacts the Russian Federation. The main reasons for engaging in cross-border reproductive care are various legal, social, cultural, economic and religious factors, as well as national healthcare quality. In many countries, reproduction involving third parties, i.e., their sperm, eggs and embryos, is prohibited by law. This is why gamete donation is one of the main causes of pursuing CBRC in a foreign country, with Russia holding leading positions in this industry. Current stage of healthcare development makes Russia a major surrogate tourism destination, due to its common European culture and improved public health standards. Besides, Russia, as a multiethnic state where all religions are represented, has the most liberal legislation concerning infertility treatment. Fertility tourists have the same rights as Russian citizens in terms of assisted reproduction procedures, including obtaining the birth certificate regardless of biological relation to the child.
8
Fernández Pérez, Paloma, and Alfons Zarzoso. "Introduction. A mixed model of hospital services: Catalonia, 1870s-2010s." Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business 6, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/jesb2021.1.j082.
Full textAbstract:
This special issue aims to contribute to current knowledge held on mixed hospital systems from a historical perspective, as there is nowadays much debate on the sustainability and efficiency of public and private healthcare systems in the world in the COVID-19 pandemic. By focusing on the evolution of mixed hospital systems through the case study of the history of such systems in Catalonia in the last century, the authors of this special issue show that mixed hospital systems take a long period of time to be used, and trusted, by the population. It is also considered how public healthcare regulators can create a diversity of mechanisms that facilitate access by the population to healthcare services in times of external shocks such as pandemics. This introductory text begins with a section about the international context which explains the relevance of mixed hospital systems, which is followed by a summary of the main historical points regarding the Catalan model of mixed hospital provision since the 19th century. It also highlights the most significant contributions of the seven articles of this special issue, which consider how the Catalan society confronted social, economic, and political changes and how those actions led to configure a distinctive mixed model of hospital system. Finally, this text also sheds light on areas of research regarding the rich history of hospital healthcare that still need to be addressed.
9
Aly, Wael Omran. "Lean Six Sigma Methodology: The Nub to Boost the Public Healthcare System in Egypt." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i1.16028.
Full textAbstract:
For many decades, the Egyptian people have suffered from deplorable public healthcare service featured by indolence, malfunction and traditionalism. Although, healthcare is a distinctive service industry concerning various complicated responsibilities; but the consecutive government of Egypt had badly handled such issue. Then, the apathetic performance of the public healthcare service becomes a dilemma for the people of Egypt; especially the poor among them. Therefore, the foundation of an adequate public healthcare service system, that respect the dignity of the people and respond to their arising health care needs; was frequently on the agenda priorities of the Egyptian governments after the 2011 and 2013 uprisings. Hence recently, the government -after reaching political and economic stability- seeks to build an ambitious newly public health care system to meet the expectation of the people to acquire high standard inexpensive and hasty public healthcare services. Consequently, in order to realize such aim; the Egyptian government had established the public agency for accreditation and quality control according to law no.2 of comprehensive healthcare insurance system issued at 2018. Then, it urges a national campaign to reform the public healthcare sector and to develop the efficacy and quality of its services. Hence, this paper aims to propose how the public healthcare organizations in Egypt can tackle various challenges and enhance adequately its capabilities; in order to be able to adopt the proposed Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology effectively; which can then provide an adequate framework for creating organized improvement exertions in healthcare; necessary to bestow guidelines on how to manage a quality service system to patient satisfaction by decreasing waste, variation and work disparity in the service processes.
10
Melo, Cassandra Lauren. "The Feminization of Poverty." Witness: The Canadian Journal of Critical Nursing Discourse 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2291-5796.6.
Full textAbstract:
Poverty among women and girls remains a prevalent social justice and health issue that stunts the life potential and freedom of females throughout the globe. Through referencing four published articles, this text explores the incidence of poverty among women and girls due to gender discrimination, sexist ideologies and practices, and oppression on the basis of gender. Due to the presence of mechanisms that disproportionately generate poverty among females, many girls and women are automatically confined to a life that uniquely strips them of their inherent rights to dictate their future, and are instead forced into a life of perpetual suffering, violence, social exclusion, and ultimately, impoverishment. Examining this issue from a feminist lens is imperative in understanding the inner complexities of how women and girls in different areas of the world experience disadvantages on the basis of gender, especially from a social, political, cultural, and economic perspective. This can allow healthcare providers, such as nurses, to be able to examine such issues from a critical thinking lens, and become increasingly politically active and involved in female advocacy efforts and policy reform. Through nurses becoming increasingly involved in such efforts, dramatic positive change in the lives of women and girls throughout the globe can occur.
11
Safonov, Yuriy, Viktoriia Borshch, and Oleksandr Rogachevskyi. "THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF COMPETITIVENESS MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 8, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2022-8-4-131-138.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing the competitiveness of health care institutions is an urgent issue for health care in the new funding environment. The purpose of this work is to analyze the existing tools for competitiveness management in the healthcare sector. The problems of competitiveness management development are investigated. State regulation, political dynamics, changing socio-demographic characteristics and constant technological development cause significant changes in the healthcare sector, but despite this, state restrictions, conservatism of Ukrainian healthcare and lack of management specialists are the main problems of Ukrainian healthcare. This necessitates the use of the principles of competitiveness management of modern health care institutions. The main methodological approach used in the work is a review of literature sources. The analysis of scientific literature revealed the absence of unified methodological approaches to measuring competitiveness, and many of the proposed methods do not take into account the specifics of the health care system, as well as the areas of activity of the medical organization. The existing models of competitiveness management tools differ from each other, and their use is conditioned by many factors. The role and impact of competition in the healthcare sector is considered separately. The theoretical basis of the study is a systematic approach to understanding the relationship between different levels of health care. Important conceptual issues of measuring competition in healthcare, including S.W.O.T. analysis, competitive advantages, human resources assessment, benchmarking, etc. are considered. The results of this study form the methodological and practical basis for improving the competitiveness management system of health care institutions in Ukraine, which operate in difficult socio-economic conditions.
12
Toghroli, Razie, Zahra Hosseini, Arash Ziapour, Asiyeh Yari, Seyyede Fateme Rahimi, and Nafiul Mehedi. "Explaining the Determinants of Pediculosis Control and Prevention: A Qualitative Study in Southern Iran." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 59 (January 2022): 004695802210863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580221086369.
Full textAbstract:
In many regions of the world, human head lice infestations caused by Pediculus capitis are a major health concern among school-aged children. This study was carried out to explain variables influencing pediculosis prevention and control from the perspective of parents and teachers of female elementary school pupils, as well as healthcare practitioners in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Participants in this qualitative study included 23 participants, including parents and teachers of primary school girls, as well as healthcare practitioners. Purposive sampling was employed and sustained until data saturation was reached. Data was acquired through in-depth interviews and evaluated using content analysis in the form of constant comparison. To assess the quality of the outcomes, Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used. The data were extracted into 2 primary categories, including challenges and facilitators to controlling pediculosis, each with several subcategories as follows: 1) economic-political aspects; 2) family factors; 3) social-cultural elements; 4) personal and mental issues; 5) geographical position of the investigated region; 6) school and education factors; and 7) factors related to medications and therapy. There were 2 types of facilitators: 1) informative factors and 2) social-cultural variables. According to the findings, pediculosis prevention, control, and treatment necessitate multifaceted and multi-level intervention. Some solutions must be addressed at the personal-psychological, familial, political-economic, geographical, and informational levels, as well as school-related concerns, social stigma elimination, and evaluation of cultural components of the issue at the social level.
13
Lestari, Shindy Diah Ayu. "PANDEMIC OF COVID-19 IN INDONESIA: SOCIAL POLITICS PERSPECTIVE (Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia: Perspektif Sosial Politik)." ETNOREFLIKA: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya 10, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/etnoreflika.v10i1.915.
Full textAbstract:
In the second half of the twentieth century, global security issues have quickly transformed into what is defined nowadays as non-traditional security issues and the latest of such non-traditional security problem has emerged recently as the recent Covid-19 pandemic impacted the whole world on an unprecedented scale. Indonesia, as the fourth most populated country with 267 million people, face an extraordinary challenge and therefore it is interesting to see and to learn how the situation developed, what the Government of Indonesia did, included what the Government should do, not only from the healthcare point of view, but also from other perspectives such as social and political. Using the problems arising during the pandemic in Indonesia as a non-traditional security issue, the present work aims to assess the difficulties faced by the country in order to establish a set of short and long term plans that should be addressed in order to improve the preparedness and to correct the current flaws generating difficulties to develop an optimal response. Governmental decisions and communication should be clear and follow a solid strategy to ensure population awareness. Law enforcement should strictly emphasize on the dangerousness of Covid-19. Coordination between central and local governments should be efficient and involve experts and respected figures. Not only healthcare but also economic, social and political issues need to be planned and projected during and after pandemic and the lessons taken during this pandemic should be used to build solid and better foundations for future development of the Republic of Indonesia.
14
Shen, Qian. "Investment Analysis on Precision Medicine Project in Saudi Arabia." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 8 (April 11, 2023): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v8i.7235.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, precision medicine has increased public awareness, particularly since 2020, when the COVID-19 epidemic struck almost every country in the world. Saudi Arabia is one of the affected countries, and this public health issue has affected many aspects of the country, including some key decision making in political, economic, healthcare and other major sector. Saudi Arabia is a country with the largest oil export in the world, and controlling the second largest oil reserves and the fourth largest gas reserves in the world, all these significant advantages make it occupy an important position in international relations. However, these advantages have also been a problem in the national development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. For example, the revenue of the nation is too dependent on oil, resulting in uneven industrial development. With the launch of Saudi Vision 2030, the government shows its ambition in non-oil sectors and the nation also shows high interest on healthcare sector, such as precision medicine. In order to analyse the investment feasibility in precision medicine related projects in Saudi Arabia, data from different directions, such as political, economic, social and technological factors have been analysed.
15
Golinowski, Janusz. "Pomiędzy syndromem ekonomicznego progresywizmu a dekompozycją procesów politycznych." Politeja 19, no. 2(77) (July 14, 2022): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.19.2022.77.10.
Full textAbstract:
BETWEEN THE SYNDROME OF ECONOMIC PROGRESSIVISM AND DECOMPOSITION POLITICAL PROCESSES
The article discusses the issue of the modernizing practices’ crisis, which arises at the very foundations of the political order. Changes in world development expose nuances and ambivalences of contemporary politics. Technical development of information transmission, transport, telecommunication and computerization as well as the globalization of financial flow, and an increasing number of foreign investors all create new conditions for changes on the levels of economy and politic system. The coronavirus pandemic compels us to reassess the main risks faced by the world and individual countries. The pandemic has set new requirements for sectors that have a direct impact on living conditions: education, healthcare, labor, recreation, the motivation system, etc.
16
Mortensen, Anne Helene, Marita Nordhaug, and Vibeke Lohne. "Nudging in nursing." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 6 (June 26, 2018): 1601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733018779226.
Full textAbstract:
Nudging is a concept in behavioural science, political theory and economics that proposes indirect suggestions to try to achieve non-forced compliance and to influence the decision making and behaviour of groups and individuals. Researchers in medical ethics are currently discussing whether nudging is ethically permissible in healthcare. In this article, we examine current knowledge about how different decisions (rational and pre-rational decisions, major and minor decisions) are made and how this decision-making process pertains to patients. We view this knowledge in light of the nursing project and the ongoing debate regarding the ethical legitimacy of nudging in healthcare. We argue that it is insufficient to discuss nudging in nursing and healthcare in light of free will and patient autonomy alone. Sometimes, nurses must take charge and exhibit leadership in the nurse–patient relationship. From the perspective of nursing as leadership, nudging becomes a useful tool for directing and guiding patients towards the shared goals of health, recovery and independence and away from suffering. The use of nudging in nursing to influence patients’ decisions and actions must be in alignment with the nursing project and in accordance with patients’ own values and goals.
17
Eistetter, George. "The Theory of Bureaucratic Caring’s Examination of Psychological Debriefing." International Journal for Human Caring 27, no. 3 (June 29, 2023): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20467/ijhc-2021-0026.
Full textAbstract:
The use of psychological debriefing (PD) to stave off the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has long been a controversial topic, hampered by the lack of congruent empirical evidence. This issue, PD within a healthcare setting, will be examined utilizing aspects of the theory of bureaucratic caring. Current findings suggest the popularity and recommendation of PD among the administrative staff of hospitals and individual employees but this is in direct contrast with numerous authors and global health governing bodies who discredit implementation. Overall, support for PD is not substantive, and implementation may increase the prevalence of PTSD among its participants. This dire consequence may, in turn, increase the economic and political burden of the healthcare system and poor health outcomes for participants. Awareness of the conflicting research may offer perspectives on (a) best practice standards, (b) the allocation of mental health resources, and (c) the creation of quality practice environments.
18
Fumagalli, Andrea, Sara Gandini, and Cristina Morini. "Italian Perspectives on Pandemic Responses: Tracing Early Critiques from Europe’s First Lockdown." Political Anthropological Research on International Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 288–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25903276-bja10017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper is a translation of three early critiques of the responses of the Covid-19 pandemic in Italy, each addressing a unique facet and different perspective of Europe’s first lockdown. Through bringing together these memorial traces, the article captures the heterogeneity of discussions taking place on the left at the very beginning of the pandemic, destabilizing a totalizing framing of Covid responses through simple binaries such as health vs economics or individual rights vs the collective good. Crisitina Morini addresses the ambivalences around the term ‘care’ (in Italian meaning both ‘attention’ and ‘cure’). Grounded in feminist economics, she argues for the establishment of a self-determination income envisioned as an unconditional and universal income, not linked to working positions. Sara Gandini ponders the possibility of turning anger into a political force and questions what forms this could take. Highlighting the problems related to turning a public health issue into one of national security, Gandini probes the politics of acceptability around Covid-related deaths against non-Covid related deaths, particularly deaths precisely exacerbated by confinement strategies. She speaks also of the silencing and policing of dissent when one tries to raise such issues in the public space. Lastly, Andrea Fumagalli uses the idea of crisis as an opportunity to rethink social and economic issues. These include readjusting the balance between private and public healthcare, (especially as Covid treatments are not very profitable), the implementation of a major European investment plan relating to social infrastructure and the environment, which will relaunch the European economy. Though these critiques were formulated at the start of the pandemic. many of the arguments and questions the authors asked themselves at the time remain highly topical: the role of welfare and income, the regulatory devices (including gender) that risk passing using the fight against the pandemic; all of which are central to maintaining a lucidity of analysis and to be resistant witnesses, politicizing anger to turn it into an agency that takes advantage of this difficult experience to build a slightly better world.
19
Huebner, Claudia, and Steffen Flessa. "Strategic Management in Healthcare: A Call for Long-Term and Systems-Thinking in an Uncertain System." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 8617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148617.
Full textAbstract:
Strategic management is becoming increasingly important for sustainable management in healthcare. The reasons for this can be seen in the increasing complexity, dynamics and uncertainty of the system’s regimes and the resulting need for strategic thinking in a long-term period. The scientific discussion of this issue is the aim of the present analytical framework. The starting point is the definition of the term strategic management itself, followed by a reflection on the requirements resulting from the changes in the political, social and economic value systems of our post-industrial society. In this context, Dynaxity Zone III is used to explain the long-term perspective, the high levels of complexity and uncertainty and the responsibility of strategic management as important parameters. For a practical illustration, we demonstrate two selected applications (German hospital financing systems and development process of implants) and how the implementation of strategic management in the health care system shows success.
20
Wright, Karen Shields. "The Principles of Catholic Social Teaching: A Guide for Decision Making from Daily Clinical Encounters to National Policy-Making." Linacre Quarterly 84, no. 1 (February 2017): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00243639.2016.1274629.
Full textAbstract:
Catholic social teaching (CST), a branch of moral theology, addresses contemporary issues within the political, economic, and cultural structures of society. The threefold cornerstone of CST contains the principles of human dignity, solidarity, and subsidiarity. It is the foundation on which to form our conscience in order to evaluate the framework of society and is the Catholic criteria for prudential judgment and direction in developing current policy-making. With knowledge of these social principles, in combination with our faith, we will be more armed and informed as to articulate the Catholic vision of reality, the truthful nature of the human person and society, to apply and integrate the social teachings in our everyday administrative and clinical encounters, and through the virtue of charity take action within the social, political, and economic spheres in which we have influence. Summary The Church's social encyclicals are a reflection upon the issues of the day using the light of faith and reason. They offer commentary on the ways to evaluate and address particular social problems—also using natural law principles—in the areas of politics, economics, and culture. Quotes were selected from the encyclicals that define and expand upon the primary principles for the purpose of representing them for study, reflection, and use in everyday personal and business encounters and decision making for healthcare professionals.
21
Sautkina, V. "The Labor of Medical Workers in the USA: A Social Aspect." World Economy and International Relations 67, no. 5 (2023): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-5-111-121.
Full textAbstract:
The shortage of medical personnel is becoming a heavy burden on modern healthcare systems around the world. All countries, without exception, turned out to be vulnerable, regardless of the level of income and available forms of medical care. This study addresses the issue of staffing at the time of transition to a new technological level of the healthcare system in the United States. The paper shows that at the present stage in the country there is a need for fundamental changes in the personnel policy in the medical field. The challenges caused by the COVID‑19 pandemic not only exposed all the vulnerabilities of the national health system, but also opened up opportunities considering the lessons learned to rethink the long-term vision of solving the workforce problems directly related to the use of new technologies. Based on the analysis of statistical data and sociological research, the author identified the latest trends of overcoming barriers in the field of training and retraining of personnel in the context of the transition to digital medicine. Overexertion among medical personnel associated with increased workload has exacerbated the problem of their professional burnout. The mass protests of physicians necessitated the development of new approaches to the labor protection of employees in the medical field. Solution of such important social problems will require a long time and financial costs and is possible only through the joint efforts of the state and the entire community as a whole.
22
BAIGIREYEVA, Zhanar, Berik BEISENGALIYEV, Dmitry KICHA, Shakizada NIYAZBEKOVA, and Leila MAISIGOVA. "Analysis of the Influence of Ecology on Human Resources Management in the Healthcare System." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 7 (December 1, 2021): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v12.7(55).23.
Full textAbstract:
One of the priorities of the institutional and structural reforms implemented by Kazakhstan during the years of its independence is the formation of systemic conditions for the development and growth of the country's human capital. The issue of human capital development has always been in the focus of both conceptual documents defining the strategy for the development of the state and society, and real actions taken by the country's political leadership. Coming to the forefront of human capital is one of the modern global trends. Human capital is the main economic resource of the XXI century, increasing the country's GDP, which has become the main productive and social factor in the development of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The purpose of the study of the impact of ecology on human resource management is to analyze the formation and development of human resources by highly qualified specialists and employees capable of meeting the tasks and activities aimed at further improving the health care system in the Republic of Kazakhstan to ensure a high level of quality in the provision of medical services.
23
Björkman, Annica, and Martin Salzmann-Erikson. "The bidirectional mistrust." Internet Research 28, no. 5 (October 2, 2018): 1336–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-11-2016-0330.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore and describe online communication about the experiences and attitudes toward Swedish Healthcare Direct, a national telephone advice nursing (TAN) service. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive research design was adopted using a six-step netnographic method. Three Swedish forums were purposefully selected and data from the virtual discussions were collected. Findings Three themes emerged: expectancy and performativity of the nurses, absurdity in accessibility and the scrutinizing game. The most prominent finding was the scrutinizing game, which included aspects of bidirectional mistrust from both nurses and callers. Another salient finding was the attitudes that callers held toward nurses who used a technique interpreted as “passing the buck.” Research limitations/implications The use of a nethnographic method is novel in this area of research. Consequently, the body of knowledge has regarding telephone advise nursing service has significantly been broadened. A limitation in this study is that demographic data for the posters are not available. Practical implications Bidirectional distrust is an important issue that must be acknowledged by TAN services, since it might damage the service on a fundamental level. Healthcare providers, politicians, and researchers should account for the power and availability of virtual discussions when seeking consumers’ opinions and evaluating the quality of the care provided. Originality/value This analysis of the ongoing discussions that take place on the internet provides insight into callers’ perceptions of a national TAN service. The bidirectional mistrust found from both the nurses and the callers might be a threat to callers’ compliance with the advice given and their care-seeking behavior.
24
Skillington, Tracey. "Demythologising a Neo-Liberal Model of Healthcare Reform: A Politics of Rights, Recognition, and Human Suffering." Irish Journal of Sociology 17, no. 2 (November 2009): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijs.17.2.7.
Full textAbstract:
As a moral-political witness to contemporary human suffering, the activist campaigning on various healthcare issues makes a vital contribution to the social expansion of a human rights consciousness. Particular incidents of citizen neglect are highlighted for their exemplary significance to a more general critique of economic and administrative processes of re-structuration, including international initiatives to marketise health. This actor attempts to invert a state politics of rationalised indifference by shifting the focus from the issue of procedure to that of patient harm. With a collective consciousness of suffering at the epicentre of their campaign, protest coalitions construct policies aimed at restricting public funding for essential services, for instance, as representative of an ‘embodied injustice’ against the sick and the vulnerable, and as an act of moral disrespect against the population at large. As this paper argues, discontent leads to a rediscovery of the practical significance of universal norms of social justice or equality, and of the need to actively partake in the project of democracy. The specific direction and orientation of this actor's struggle for recognition within Irish society is centrally shaped by established traditions of reasoning and responding to social conflict. When combined with new macroeconomic priorities, such traditions not only restrict the realisation of autonomy and difference, but continue to reinforce a culture of profound non-accountability. The theoretical conception of justice and recognition applied to this study of social conflict on health will follow that tradition of thought established in particular by Axel Honneth (2003, 2007) in critical response to Nancy Fraser (2003).
25
Ms. Amruta Mahalle, Dr Ajay Pethe, Mr Pratik Kodmalwar, and Dr Vijay Uprikar. "Accessibility And Affordability Of Health Services In India: A Critical Study." Journal of Namibian Studies : History Politics Culture 34 (June 20, 2023): 2445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/jns.v34i.3194.
Full textAbstract:
Considering India's outstanding economic success following the adoption of new economic strategy in the 1990s, the country has made only gradual and unequal progress in enhancing its citizens' health. Large disparities in health infrastructure and access to healthcare remain and have even gotten worse within and among groups, among rural and urban areas, and throughout states. Despite the fact that member nations of the World Health Organization began to support the idea of health care for all as early as 2005, India has yet to accomplish these goals, unlike numerous other low-income nations. The continual issue of meeting the needs of the most marginalised Indian society is one that the country's health care system must continue to grapple with. Recent progress in access to healthcare caused by various initiatives, the states continue to face serious problems with regard to the affordability and accessibility of health-related services for the poor. Inequalities in the cost and accessibility of health treatments by socio - economic level, location, and gender are still present. This is mostly caused by the numerous obstacles that make it difficult to get essential medical care. The present crisis of public health infrastructure in rural regions and other aspects of health services in India are critically examined and evaluated in this perspective.
26
Witczak, Radosław. "The Selected Issues of Tax Legislation on Employment Costs Calculation in Healthcare in Poland." Economics & Sociology 9, no. 3 (September 2016): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2016/9-3/13.
Full text
27
Bastani, Peivand, Mostafa Sheykhotayefeh, Ali Tahernezhad, Seyyed Mostafa Hakimzadeh, and Samaneh Rikhtegaran. "Reflections on COVID-19 and the ethical issues for healthcare providers." International Journal of Health Governance 25, no. 3 (June 23, 2020): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-05-2020-0050.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeHealthcare governance places medical ethics at the forefront of defining and maintaining the quality of care. Examples of serious ethical issues include sexual abuse of patients (Dubois, Walsh, Chibnall et al., 2017), criminal prescription of opioids (Johnson, 2019) and unnecessary surgical procedures (Tayade and Dalvi, 2016) or shortages in service delivery because of little knowledge or experience especially during pandemic outbreaks (Hay-David et al., 2020). In many cases involving medical ethics, patients are identified as the first victims; however, this study aimed to consider clinicians and other healthcare practitioners as other probable victims (Ozeke et al., 2019).Design/methodology/approachThe World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that tens of millions of patients worldwide suffer disabling injuries or death every year due to unsafe medical practices and services. Nearly, one in ten patients is harmed due to preventable causes while receiving health care in well-funded and technologically advanced hospital settings (WHO, 2016). Much less is known about the burden of unsafe care in non-hospital settings, where most healthcare services are delivered (Jha et al., 2013). Furthermore, there is little evidence concerning the burden of unsafe care in developing countries, where the risk of harm to patients is likely to be greater, due to limitations in infrastructure, technologies and human resources (Elmontsri et al., 2018).FindingsWhile these problems are endemic in health care, they are exacerbated in times of health and social crises such as the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This pandemic has few precedents, being most closely paralleled with the global influenza pandemic of 1918 (Terry, 2020). Initially compared to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak of 2002–2003 (Parrym, 2003), COVID-19 is already proving much more deadly. The WHO’s estimates of the number of SARS cases from the start of the outbreak in 2002, until it was brought under control in July 2003, was 8,437 cumulative cases, with 813 deaths (WHO, 2003). The European Center for disease prevention and Control estimated that as of May 15, 2020, that 4,405,680 cases of COVID-19 have been reported with 302,115 deaths (ECDC, 2020)Research limitations/implicationsThe outbreak of COVID-19 was declared in February 2020 in the Islamic Republic of Iran, and up to March 2020, the cases of morbidity reached 12,729, with 611 deaths (Bedasht, 2020). The current figure at the time of editing (May 16, 2020) is 118,392 cases, with 6,937 deaths (Worldometer, 2020). Acting in cognizance of its ethical responsibility to the citizens of Iran, the Iranian government has taken the following action to attempt to mitigate the deleterious effects of the virus: in each province, one or more hospitals have been evacuated and allocated to patients with pulmonary problems with suspected to COVID-19. Access to intensive care units and specialist equipment is a primary ethical issue that concerns the Iranian healthcare system. The issue is exacerbated by the knowledge that these facilities are not distributed equitably in the country. Therefore, equity is the first ethical concern in this situation.Practical implicationsAll nurses, clinicians, practitioners and specialists have been asked to volunteer their services in hospitals in the most infected areas. This raises ethical concerns about access to personal protective equipment (PPE) such as appropriate masks, gowns, gloves and other equipment to protect healthcare workers from infection. Access to PPE was restricted because of government failure to stockpile the necessary amount of disposable medical equipment. This was related to lack of domestic capacity to produce the equipment and problems accessing it internationally due to political-economic sanctions that were imposed on Iran by the USA and some European countries. Such shortages can quickly lead to a catastrophic situation; current evidence demonstrates that about 40% of healthcare workers are vulnerable to the COVID-19 infection (Behdasht, 2020). However, it should be noted that this is not a problem limited to Iran. As of March 2020, the WHO was already warning about PPE shortages and the dangers this posed for healthcare workers around the world (WHO, 2020).Social implicationsA Disaster Committee was created by the Iranian Ministry of Health to take responsibility for decision-making and daily information sharing to the community. The ethical dilemma that arises in terms of reporting the situation is the conflict between transparently presenting accurate and timely information and the creation of public panic and fear that this may cause in the community.Originality/valueAs a steward for public health, the Ministry of Health was afforded direct responsibility to maintain intra-sector relationships and leadership with other organizations such as political executive organizations, municipalities, military agencies, schools, universities and other public organizations to reach consensus on the best methods of controlling the COVID-19 outbreak. An important ethical issue is found in potential areas of conflict between the therapeutic and preventive roles of the Ministry of Health and those related to public health and the civil administrations.
28
Apostolopoulos, Sotiris, Ilias Makris, and Stavros Stravroyiannis. "Healthcare Innovation in Greece: The Views of Private Health Entrepreneurs on Implementing Innovative Plans." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 2 (April 27, 2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8020078.
Full textAbstract:
In the field of healthcare innovation, Greece ranks 26th in FREOPP’s World Index of Healthcare Innovation (WIHI) 2021 analysis. Such a standing illustrates low performance in the dimensions of quality, science and technology and fiscal sustainability. This article seeks to shed light on this backwardness and examine the obstacles and weaknesses in the development of innovative projects by Greek health entrepreneurs. Furthermore, this research aims to trace entrepreneurs’ views on innovation issues and assess the existence of innovative plans from four perspectives: at the level of service to citizens, in the functionality of health business structures, at the level of facilities and technology, and in a clinical setting. Qualitative research was conducted with the entrepreneurs of 12 health companies in the form of semi-structured interviews. This study has shown that healthcare entrepreneurs do not reject the development of innovative projects and that those who have implemented innovative practices have had positive results; however, various obstacles negatively impact the implementation of innovative ideas. A primary research contribution will capture the factors that negatively affect the development of innovative projects and represent a crucial element for Greece to remove barriers and improve its performance on innovation issues. The results of the research will provide support for not only innovation decision-making centres but also other health entrepreneurs.
29
Clarke, Samuel Alexander, and A. G. A. Weir. "UK resilience to a chemical incident." BMJ Military Health 166, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2019-001233.
Full textAbstract:
Following the deliberate chemical attacks in Salisbury last year, a review of UK resilience to chemical incidence was undertaken. The scope was not limited to deliberate attacks, related to terrorism, but was to include non-deliberate and accidental events. Chemical incidents have wide-reaching consequences irrespective of whether they are deliberate or not. The effects of these incidents manifest themselves in terms of immediate health consequences and will also include economic, political and public health effects that may have a much longer impact than the initial disruption. The economic consequences of the Novichok attack were devastating to the local population and businesses in both the short term and the long term, being felt over a year later. This review discusses the effects of these incidents on infrastructure, healthcare provision, law and order, economics and government at a local, regional and national level. The NHS Emergency Preparedness, Resilience and Response Framework was reviewed, and this provides a basic outline of advice for local government to follow in the case of chemical incidents. However, the wider issues of interdepartmental co-operation and how to maintain a response in the long term require further thought. Moreover, the methods by which interagency and regional resilience is maintained in preparing for such an event require a clearer guideline.
30
Glyantsev, S. P. "PHENOMENON OF DEMIKHOV. Achievements and prospects of heart transplantation in the USSR in the early 1970s." Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation 15, no. 1 (March 21, 2023): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23873/2074-0506-2023-15-1-127-140.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the analysis of two publications written by two pioneers of heart transplantation in the USSR, A.A. Vishnevsky with co-authors and G.M. Solovyov, which covered the state of the organ transplantation issue in 1971–1973 and gave predictions for its future development. It is shown that the authors of those publications saw and formulated the main trends in the development of the problem in one and the same way. Meanwhile, G.M. Solovyov, being the Director of the specialized Institute of Organ and Tissue Transplantation of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences saw the issues of organ transplantation more in depth than A.A. Vishnevsky who headed the A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In particular, this concerned immunological studies. Shortly after its establishment in 1969, the Institute of Organ and Tissue Transplantation arranged a powerful laboratory of immunogenetics on its base. The staff of that laboratory (L.V. Smirnova, Yu.M. Zaretskaya, L.P. Alekseev, V.I. Shkurko, A.M. Sochneva, I.V. Petrova, etc.) conducted world-class immunological studies, which results inspired certain optimism among surgeons. A more complicated situation was with the clinical issues of organ transplantation, with the solution of organizational, moral and ethical issues, where, in addition to doctors, the active participation of legislators, economists, and healthcare organizers was required. This paper presents comparative data on the state of political, economic, and organizational issues of organ transplantation in the Russian Federation between the 2010s and early 2020s. It is shown that the planned in the 2020s tendency of their positive solution and further development inspires certain optimism.
31
Murphy, Clíodhna, Leanne Caulfield, and Mary Gilmartin. "Developing immigrant integration policy in the Irish public sector: An international human rights and public sector duty approach." Administration 67, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/admin-2019-0025.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper outlines a new approach to the development of immigrant integration policy in Ireland that is informed by an international human rights and public sector duty perspective. Based on a comprehensive review, the paper outlines the current state of immigrant integration policies in the Irish public sector, highlighting the limited awareness of this issue among public bodies. It also provides practical guidance for public bodies wishing to develop more effective immigrant integration policies, drawing from international human rights treaties and from examples of policy development in Ireland. Given the reality that Ireland is now a well-established immigrant-receiving country, the paper concludes that Ireland urgently needs a coherent and comprehensive approach to the development of immigrant integration policy. A human-rights-based approach offers such a method and would allow Ireland, through its public sector, to become a leader in immigrant integration policy development. This approach requires the elaboration of specific integration policies in order to ensure that migrant populations can practically access fundamental human rights such as housing, education, healthcare and employment.
32
Rubinstein, Adolfo, Andrés Pichon-Riviere, and Federico Augustovski. "Development and implementation of health technology assessment in Argentina: Two steps forward and one step back." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 25, S1 (July 2009): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462309090734.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: The objectives of this study are to review the financing and organization of the Argentine healthcare system, the licensing and drug price setting mechanisms, the benefit packages and coverage policies of pharmaceuticals and other medical technologies, as well as the development of HTA in Argentina, and the role of the Institute of Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS) as an HTA agency. Finally, the perspectives and future of HTA as a tool to make resource-allocation decisions and priority setting in Argentina is discussed.Methods: The study is a discussion/review based largely on the experiences of the authors, but supported by available literature.Results: Argentina is an upper-middle income country with major healthcare problems related to both equity and efficiency. Its healthcare system consists of a multitier system divided in three large sectors: public, social security, and private, where the federal Ministry of Health has a rather limited role in national health policy stewardship. Many of Argentina's shortcomings are due in part to its pluralistic and fragmented healthcare system. In the past decade, Argentina, like many other Latin American countries, has undergone a profound reform of its healthcare system. Whereas some of the objectives of the reforms were specific to each country, a common issue among all of them was to establish a mechanism that ensured a more efficient allocation of scarce resources, and guaranteed a wider provision of healthcare services on the basis of the local population needs and equity. Although some signals from the national government and congress show that there are plans to formally incorporate HTA to inform reimbursement policies, these signals are still very weak. Paradoxically, even though Argentina was the first country in the region to require formal health economic evidence for the adoption of technologies into the mandatory benefit package of the social security, this “fourth hurdle” is no longer required. Nevertheless, there is an increasing interest and demand for a more explicit and transparent resource-allocation process that include HTA as a formal tool to inform decision making, in most of Argentine healthcare stakeholders.Conclusions: In conclusion, what is needed in Argentina is a clear political will to push forward for a national agency of HTA that, similar to other developed countries, advance the regulation on the adoption of new health technologies to improve not only technical or allocative efficiency, but also health equity. Until this milestone is accomplished, the HTA production and use to inform healthcare coverage policies will continue to mirror the current fragmented healthcare system.
33
Adeniyi, A. A., E. O. Ogunbodede, and M. O. Braimoh. "An assessment of the role of government health related policies in improving the oral health status of Nigerians." Nigerian Dental Journal 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.61172/ndj.v20i1.114.
Full textAbstract:
Achieving good oral health is now considered an important component of good health for any population and the inclusion of an oral health component in national health policies is a good strategy for promoting oral health. This paper sought to examine the existing health-related policies of the Nigerian government in order to determine the position accorded oral health within the policy framework and to determine the role of these policies in improving the oral health status of Nigerians. A detailed search of electronic sources and Nigerian government documents to identify the major health related policies of the government in the last decade was conducted. The policies identified and analysed were the Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s), Vision 20:2020, National Economic Empowerment and Development strategy (NEEDS), the seven point agenda and the primary health care policy. The analysis from this report indicates an exclusion of oral health from the framework of most of the policies designed by the Nigerian government. The most important barrier identified for excluding oral health is the inability of the oral health workforce to influence the policy process in Nigeria since policymaking is largely a political issue. Oral healthcare professionals in Nigeria need to be actively engaged in the politics of policymaking in order to promote the inclusion of oral health in the health related policies of government. This should stimulate positive action concerning oral health in the Nigerian polity.
34
Kang, Namyoung, Le Thi Thuy, Viet Dongquoc, and Joon Sig Choi. "Conjugation of Short Oligopeptides to a Second-Generation Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Shows Antibacterial Activity." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 3 (March 21, 2023): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15031005.
Full textAbstract:
The growing evolution of bacterial resistance to antibiotics represents a global issue that not only impacts healthcare systems but also political and economic processes. This necessitates the development of novel antibacterial agents. Antimicrobial peptides have shown promise in this regard. Thus, in this study, a new functional polymer was synthesized by joining a short oligopeptide sequence (Phe-Lys-Phe-Leu, FKFL) to the surface of a second-generation polyamidoamine (G2 PAMAM) dendrimer as an antibacterial component. This method of synthesis proved simple and resulted in a high conjugation yield of the product FKFL-G2. To determine its antibacterial potential, FKFL-G2 was subsequently analyzed via mass spectrometry, a cytotoxicity assay, bacterial growth assay, colony-forming unit assay, membrane permeabilization assay, transmission electron microscopy, and biofilm formation assay. FKFL-G2 was found to exhibit low toxicity to noncancerous NIH3T3 cells. Additionally, FKFL-G2 had an antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains by interacting with and disrupting the bacterial cell membrane. Based on these findings, FKFL-G2 shows promise as a potential antibacterial agent.
35
Llavero-Molino, Sánchez-Ocón, Pérez-Morente, Espadafor-López, Martín-Salvador, Martínez-García, and Hueso-Montoro. "Sexually Transmitted Infections and Associated Factors in Homosexuals and Bisexuals in Granada (Spain) During the Period 2000–2015." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16 (August 16, 2019): 2958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162958.
Full textAbstract:
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health issue. Previous research shows the vulnerability of the homosexual and bisexual population, as well as the influence of economic, political, and cultural determinants. The aim of this study was to describe the socio-demographic healthcare profile and the main risk factors associated with STIs in homosexuals and bisexuals seen at the STI clinic in Granada (Spain) during the years 2000–2015. Infection prevalences were compared between the economic crisis period (2008–2014) and the rest of the years analysed. A cross-sectional observational and analytical study was conducted by reviewing 261 clinical records of individuals with suspected or present infection. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. 91.2% of the individuals were men, and 8.8% were women, with the mean age being 28.61 (SD = 9.35, Range = 17–74) years old. The prevailing sexual orientation identity was homosexual. 94.2% were single. The main reason for consultation was HIV. Differences in prevalence were found between crisis and non-crisis years (OR = 3.91; 95% CI = 1.73–9.19). In conclusion, their profile was that of a young, single man suspecting possible HIV infection. STI prevalence was significantly higher in the years of economic recession in comparison to the rest of the years.
36
Bitzur, Avi. "The Future of Aging as Reflected in José Saramago's Novel "Death with Interruptions" – Israel as a Case Study." International Journal of Social Science Studies 5, no. 11 (October 18, 2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v5i11.2645.
Full textAbstract:
Humanity has won one of the most challenging battles ever presented to it – the struggle to extend human life and increasing life expectancy. Current data and the figures predicted for future generations forecast significant longevity, and humanity has ostensibly marked a monumental achievement: containing death.This achievement, however, is not without its challenges. This essay argues that humanity is not ready to deal with the challenges posed by aging and the dramatic increase in longevity. As the number of older people increases, so will social, political, human, economic, and health issues that are naturally associated with older age. Society will face a so-called "human tsunami," or, alternatively, a "demographic revolution" in which man will find himself preoccupied with his elders in a world that has not prepared for such a revolution.This essay will review José Saramago's masterpiece "Death with Interruptions," which sarcastically describes a world free of death that, in turn, must contend with a myriad of problems. Faced with the issues plaguing Saramago's "deathless" world, authorities attempt to exercise a series of macabre and preposterous solutions vis-à-vis an issue that has all but upturned the "human pyramid" in the book.The novel will serve as the backdrop for presenting the case study at the heart of this essay, aging in Israel. I will present the existing situation in terms of aging-oriented services in Israel and the issues, obstacles and shortcomings of the system currently in place.This essay strives to illustrate the fact that global and Israeli society alike, fall short of rising to the challenges presented by this revolution, as the communities, families and the formal and informal state systems are not ready for the dramatic rise in longevity and its implications.Only nations that prepare themselves from social, religious, healthcare, economic, and organizational standpoints ahead of time will be able to properly deal with this phenomenon.
37
Didenko, Iryna, Yuliia Kurovska, and Henryk Dzwigol. "Theoretical Research Aspects of the Key COVID-19 Trends and Transformation of Indicators in the Healthcare Sphere." Health Economics and Management Review 4, no. 1 (2023): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/hem.2023.1-09.
Full textAbstract:
New cases of the coronavirus disease and its fatal consequences continue to be recorded even now, almost three years after the first detected case. The problem of the COVID-19 spread worries the world community because the virus affects the social, economic, environmental, political, and other spheres of every person’s life. The pandemic reality has brought a massive range of changes to the everyday life of both Ukrainians and representatives of other nations. The purpose of this study is to identify general trends in the dynamics of indicators of the COVID-19 rate and transformation vectors of critical indicators in the healthcare system. The article reviews modern publications on COVID-19 and healthcare. This study presents the dynamics of changes in Ukraine’s health, life, and mortality indicators concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. The urgency of this problem is due to the further detection of new cases of illness and death from COVID-19 in Ukraine. The issue of its spread requires further new research. Analytical and graphical methods were used to predict structural changes in morbidity, mortality, and factors affecting it. The data forecast period covers the years 2021-2023. The accuracy of forecasts is assessed by the MAPE and RMSPE quality criteria. The obtained results showed that the number of cases of illness and death from COVID-19 in Ukraine would decrease over the forecast period due to the increase in the birth rate and vital activity in the pandemic conditions. In the current realities of the world, human resources are of integral importance both for Ukraine with its current situation and for the world in general. The results of further research will play an essential role in the timely detection of new cases of coronavirus disease and the prevention of fatal consequences in the future. For the political structure, this study will help to predict possible changes in the behaviour of coronavirus spread for the following months or years. Also, it will introduce the necessary quarantine restrictions promptly. A comprehensive in-depth study of this problem in science and medicine can help determine new factors of behaviour in everyday human life, which affects the virus spread speed. Even though the attention of Ukrainians has shifted from the problem of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 to the war beginning, this virus still poses a threat to our state and humanity in general.
38
Igbashangev,, Paul Aondover, and Victor Makinwa Ogunyemi. "The Evaluation of the Role of Communication as a Management Tool for Crisis Resolution between Tiv-Jukun Crises in Wukari, Taraba State." International Journal of International Relations, Media and Mass Communication Studies 8, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 33–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijirmmcs.15/vo8.n2pp3361.
Full textAbstract:
Tiv-Jukun conflict has a long history of occurrence and reoccurrence over a period of time. In many instances, the conflicts have resulted in the destruction of lives and properties and internal displacement of civilians. The conflict has affected the relationship between the two ethnic groups who have been living together cordially. Previous studies on the conflict have not given proper attention to the role of communication in averting the conflict. This paper presents the root and remote causes of the Tiv Jukun conflict. Identifying the triggers and drivers of conflict between the two ethnic groups could help in bringing about a lasting solution to the crisis. Interviews were used to illicit the opinion of various demographics of both ethnic groups. Findings indicate among others competition over land resources and the desire for each ethnic group to attain political position for the benefit of its ethnic group in terms of socio-economic amenities such as education, healthcare services and employment. In order to promote a peaceful co-existence, the Nigerian government should implement the report of the previous committees, a proper sharing formula between the two ethnic groups and address the issue of citizenship rights constitutionally.
39
Slatvytska, Nataliia, Iuliia Myroshnychenko, Iana Kobushko, and Ihor Rekunenko. "Personnel Management System in Healthcare Institutions: Foreign and Domestic Experience." Health Economics and Management Review 3, no. 4 (2022): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/hem.2022.4-06.
Full textAbstract:
The primary role in the organisation of healthcare facilities belongs to the medical worker, and the development of an effective personnel management system is the main task of personnel management managers in this field. The current health care system in Ukraine faces the difficult task of adapting to market conditions of business through systematic restructuring and improvement of its state regulation mechanisms, and most importantly, implementation of the integrated development and management of medical personnel, on which the performance of the system’s tasks depends. The article aims to compare the personnel management system in healthcare institutions, considering foreign and domestic experience. In addition, the authors carried out a scientific and theoretical justification of the place and role of personnel management in the healthcare field in the current conditions of the European integration of Ukraine. Within the framework of this study, the authors investigated the directions of scientific publications devoted to personnel management systems in the healthcare field. Data containing bibliographic information about scientific publications in peer-reviewed publications were obtained from the Scopus database. The results showed that scholars research human resources management in healthcare institutions, mainly focusing on personnel development, HRM, total quality management, organisational culture, personal loyalty, leadership, gender issues, and psychological aspects. The analysis of the experience of European countries with a developed healthcare system allows us to conclude that there is a need to implement optimal mechanisms for the development of human resources aimed at training, support, preservation and effective use of available resources, which is one of the important areas of personnel management of the institution. In addition, the reform strategy emphasises the need for cross-sectoral linkages (between education, health, labour and finance sectors), practical analytical justification and alignment of political decisions between sectors of the economy.
40
Mdleleni, Lwando, and Linda Velapi. "Can Social Innovation advance the PMTCT programme? A South African reflection." European Public & Social Innovation Review 7, no. 1 (July 29, 2022): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31637/epsir.22-1.4.
Full textAbstract:
The prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) programme is an initiative developed to enable health care practitioners to provide essential care to mothers in order to prevent the transmission of HIV to their infants. However, the PMTCT programme has not been reaching its intended prevention objectives. This paper identifies the social issues that elucidate the gap between PMTCT program goals and the role that Social Innovation could play in improving the status quo. Supporting Social Innovation in health helps reduce infectious diseases by empowering communities to become active participants in their health challenges through local adaptation of global strategies that facilitate the reduction of health system limitations. The article combines a review of the literature with empirical evidence extracted from research that has analyzed the postpartum experiences of mothers living with HIV in the context of the PMTCT program in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa in 2021. To address the research question, exploratory research has been adopted through a case study. The research is qualitative, exploratory and descriptive based on a case study constructed with secondary data. The results show that Social Innovation contributes to addressing healthcare challenges by providing more personal, analytical and preventive healthcare pathways. In addition, Social Innovation makes a critical contribution to addressing demographic challenges by helping those who are unable to access healthcare. This paper argues that Social Innovation in health is most effective when it occurs from the bottom up, as it is a process that engages the community and connects social change and health improvement through the diverse efforts of local actors. The article demonstrates that having local beneficiaries drive the development of a Social Innovation programme in health results in more viable and sustainable solutions. It also demonstrates that Social Innovation harnesses the ingenuity and willingness of community members, strengthening conventional health service systems and helping to achieve improved and sustainable health services.
41
Tordrup, David, Chrissy Bishop, Nathan Green, Max Petzold, Fernando Ruiz Vallejo, Joshua P. Vogel, and Christina Pallitto. "Economic burden of female genital mutilation in 27 high-prevalence countries." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 2 (February 2022): e004512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004512.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundFemale genital mutilation (FGM) is a traditional harmful practice affecting 200 million women and girls globally. Health complications of FGM occur immediately and over time, and are associated with healthcare costs that are poorly understood. Quantifying the global FGM-related burden is essential for supporting programmes and policies for prevention and mitigation.MethodsHealth complications of FGM are derived from a meta-analysis and stratified by acute, uro-gynaecological, obstetric and psychological/sexual. Treatment costs are calculated from national cohort models of 27 high-burden countries over 30 years. Savings associated with full/partial abandonment are compared with a current incidence reference scenario, assuming no changes in FGM practices.ResultsOur model projects an increasing burden of FGM due to population growth. As a reference scenario assuming no change in practices, prevalent cases in 27 countries will rise from 119.4 million (2018) to 205.8 million (2047). Full abandonment could reduce this to 80.0 million (2047), while partial abandonment is insufficient to reduce cases. Current incidence economic burden is US$1.4 billion/year, rising to US$2.1 billion/year in 2047. Full abandonment would reduce the future burden to US$0.8 billion/year by 2047.ConclusionFGM is a human rights violation, a public health issue and a substantial economic burden that can be avoided through effective prevention strategies. While decreasing trends are observed in some countries, these trends are variable and not consistently observed across settings. Additional resources are needed to prevent FGM to avoid human suffering and growing costs. The findings of this study warrant increased political commitment and investment in the abandonment of FGM.
42
Shlapko, T., M. Starynskyi, and V. Myrhorod-Karpova. "European landmarks for health care reform in Ukraine compared to Germany." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 68 (March 24, 2022): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.68.16.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to improving the legal regulation of health care in Ukraine in the light of European integration processes, using the experience of Germany. This issue is relevant both in Ukraine and abroad, as the health care systems of many countries are currently in need of improvement and indepth research, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
As a country with a vector to join the European Union, Ukraine must meet precise criteria for membership in this economic and political union and continue to reform the health care system. This article discusses the main German regulations concerning the health care system. The main problems that arise during medical services and their financing are summarized. The newest aspects of health care development are considered; in particular, the influence of digitalization on the development of health care, in general, is studied. The emergence, development, and further prospects of digitalization in Germany and Ukraine are analyzed in detail. The latest information and electronic technologies are mentioned, based on which there is a direct connection between patients, healthcare professionals and other participants in relations in healthcare field.
Initiatives for digitalization in European countries, including Germany, which are gradually improving the functioning of the electronic health care system in Germany, are considered because the Federal Ministry of Health receives feedback from consumers of innovative technologies, namely ePa, eHealth, and others. The introduction of new technologies is not unilateral but rather bilateral because citizens can express their views on the functioning of the new electronic system. Ukraine, in turn, is adopting the experience of Germany and implementing it in our electronic healthcare system.
The conclusion is made about perspective directions of state regulation in the sphere of reforming the health care system in Ukraine, taking into account the European experience. Particular attention is paid to highlighting what Ukraine can borrow from Germany to improve its health care system and ensure and improve the quality of medical services.
43
Kienko, Tatyana. "The Empowerment Approach as a Methodology for Research and Overcoming Social Issues of People, Groups, and Communities in Mutual Activities: Review and Research Framework." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 21, no. 2 (2022): 274–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2022-2-274-303.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the results of a bibliographic and thematic review of the “empowerment” category, the history, key directions and main characteristics of the “empowerment” approach. The empowerment-approach is successfully applied in the world of science and the practice of empowerment of individual, communities, organizations, certain social groups, (women, youth, older people, workers, consumers, patients, minorities, etc.) in psychology, sociology, social work, healthcare, pedagogy, management, politics, economics, technical sciences, and in interdisciplinary discourses. The concept is rarely used in Russian scientific discourse; in political research, it is understood as a struggle for rights and powers, and social and political activism; in pedagogical research and in social work, it is considered as an activation and expansion of the potential resources. There is a wide range of interpretations and discussion of the concept as a goal, value, principle, process, result, method, technology, and strategy. Empowerment creates conditions for the transformation of people, groups, communities, and the social environment in mutual activities based on self-organization and/or supportive facilitation. A characteristic feature of empowerment is the non-linearity, dynamism, multilevel integration of macro-social, meso-social, micro-social, and intrapersonal factors and processes. The levels of individual, group, community, organizational, and institutional empowerment are distinguished. In this paper, we propose the beginning of a discussion about the empowerment approach as a way to study and overcome social problems in mutual activities of people, groups and communities as actors, and transforming agents.
44
Dabić, Marijana, and Jovan Vukoje. "Development and tendencies of education of nurses-technicians in the process of reforming the educational system of the Republic of Serbia // Razvoj i tendencije obrazovanja medicinskih sestara-tehničara u procesu reformi obrazovnog sistema Republike Srbije." SESTRINSKI ŽURNAL 5, no. 1 (November 28, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/sez0118015d.
Full textAbstract:
Education of nurses in Serbia as in developed countries must follow the development and needs of the health system. This is still very difficult to implement because of the multi-week ‘hyperproduction’ of healthcare staff, and insufficiently basic systematization of jobs, mismatch of professional titles, as well as the ever more intensive departure of our healthcare workers abroad, primarily in the countries of the European Union. Also, the development of society, the political and economic situation, significantly disturb the development of sisterly practice as well as education that plays a key role.The issue of education and harmonization with European standards also entails the question of the competencies and competencies of teaching staff dealing with the education of future nurses, which still, at least in terms of secondary education, shows quite a strong resistance to change.The results of this research indicate that reforming the educational system in Serbia is present in higher education of nurses while in secondary education continues to stagnate. There is no complete harmonization of the education system with respect to the lesson of hours, the structure of study programs, or the unique nomenclature of vocational titles.The level of the pre-term for enrollment in the secondary medical school as well as the continuation of education is incompatible with European frameworks and makes it difficult to integrate into the European system of secondary education.Teaching and study programs are not fully comparable to the European ones, except for ESPB credits and study levels.There is a tendency for the development of nursing education in Serbia, but there is only partial preparation of nursing teachers in terms of upgrading professional titles and competences for the new education system.
45
Mazzarella, Luca, Giulia Tini, Pammolli Fabio, Righetto Lorenzo, Giuseppe Curigliano, and Pier Giuseppe Pelicci. "The changing atlas of clinical research in cancer: Measuring accessibility to clinical trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e14123-e14123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e14123.
Full textAbstract:
e14123 Background: The recent global economic growth produced dramatic social changes that impacted healthcare. Private industries, low and middle income countries increased their interest in clinical research. How these changes impact on accessibility to clinical trials has not been sufficiently studied, an issue becoming more relevant as trials increasingly constitute a relevant source of access to innovative drugs. Methods: We analyzed changes related to funding source, phase and locations involved in all interventional clinical trials on cancer extracted from clinicaltrials.gov from 2005 to 2019. We studied the evolution of accessibility to clinical trials on worldwide scale, by developing a family of indexes weighted on population, distance from the site location, numbers of trials. These indexes were also used to simulate different resource allocation models. Results: The absolute involvement of industry in clinical trials consistently increased (~6 fold over 2005), with a significant bias for phase 1 trials; however, its relative impact has globally remained the same. The geographical distribution of trial sites changed dramatically: some nations (China, Korea) increased their total number of trials 50 fold. The number of countries with ≥10 multicentric studies grew from 3 to 16. Our accessibility index (Table, relative increment on 2005 in parenthesis) shows that Asia had the highest improvement, with Korea and Taiwan as leading countries. The analysis captures significant trends associated with changing policies on trial conduct, such as the introduction in 2012 and abandonment in 2015 of centralized ethical committees in Brazil, or the introduction of EUdract in Europe in 2015. Simulations allowed to identify specific resource allocations to maximize accessibility. Conclusions: Accessibility to clinical trials is improving worldwide, but with important differences across continents and countries, which follow social, economic and political changes. Our accessibility indexes can inform national and continental healthcare/research policies, as they predict the impact of different resource allocation models, representing useful tools to facilitate access to innovative treatments. [Table: see text]
46
Sokov, Ilya. "The US Climate Agenda as an Opportunity for American Society’s Socio-Political Transformation." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 3 (June 2023): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.3.8.
Full textAbstract:
The article’s introduction includes a justification of the climate policy’s dependence and socioeconomic transformation in American society. The research’s purpose is to substantiate that the climate crisis is a complex infrastructural issue that requires solutions from all institutions and spheres of American society to achieve sustainable development and leadership. The article’s materials consist of international treaties, laws, and protocols that are adopted by the US Congress, the US government’s orders and plans, US politicians’ speeches and correspondence, research articles and monographs by famous scientists from various countries, the political practice’s analysis of the presidential administration of J. Biden in the conditions of fulfilling the obligations assumed by the United States under the Paris Climate Agreement, as well as new social and economic problems related to the hydrocarbons’ use. The article analyzes the Environmental Protection Agency’s activities and the supporters’ and opponents’ actions regarding the use of fossil fuels. The methodology is based on the principles of scientific historical research; a rationalistic approach is used as a methodological approach, and two special historical methods are used as research methods: systemic and genetic. The study’s results were updated plans and actions by the American government to address the climate agenda for the 2016–2020 period. As a result, the article’s author comes to several conclusions, which are that the struggle for a fair energy transition during the 2016–2022 period made American society more polarized and divided taken the measures according to ideas and actions. The so-called BIPOC community began to play a special role in this movement as the main force in a period of change and as a hope for the creation of a more fair society in America. The Inflation Reduction Act (2022) created the conditions for American society’s consolidation. The changes should be expected in 2023 as visible trends in socio-political modernization after the adoption of this law: for example, in healthcare, greater availability of medicines and lower prices for them, especially for insulin-dependent people; greater availability for more citizens in the health insurance sphere; reduction of citizens’ costs for electricity and energy efficiency of household appliances; reduction of taxes for low- and medium-income citizens; a tangible reduction in harmful pollution from fossil fuels; and the expected reduction in cancer diseases among Americans.
47
Sotnikova, L. V. "The possibility and necessity of deviation from the requirements of accounting standards." Buhuchet v zdravoohranenii (Accounting in Healthcare), no. 1 (January 18, 2023): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-17-2301-03.
Full textAbstract:
The article considers the specifics of the practical application of the possibility of deviations from their requirements provided for by both international and Russian accounting standards in extremely rare cases, the range of which is not outlined by these standards, which may include global and local financial crises, political instability and hostile actions, sanctions against individual legal entities, etc. The peculiarity is that even in conditions of market instability, volatility of observed market indicators, significant uncertainty of economic activity of Russian enterprises and organizations,deviation from the current accounting rules will lead to worse consequences than their strict compliance. Despite the declaration of convergence of Russian federal accounting standards with international Financial Reporting Standards on the issue of deviation from the established accounting rules, practical recommendations are generated mainly by the domestic nonstate accounting regulator. During the research, such methods as analysis and synthesis, comparison, grouping, analogy, logical and systematic approaches were used. The research results obtained in this article can be applied in the practical work of accounting departments of modern organizations,in the educational process of higher educational institutions and in the development and reform of regulatory documents on accounting and reporting. The results presented in this paper will also be useful to a wide range of readers interested in modern problems of accounting and reporting at the domestic and international level (including accounting problems in healthcare organizations).
48
Pulla, Venkat Rao. "COVID-19: An Ontological Human Circus?" Space and Culture, India 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2023): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v10i4.1273.
Full textAbstract:
Geopolitical and national interests predominate, given that a war between Russia and Ukraine would result in a daily economic decline in both countries. I am convinced that countries, not their people, wage wars. People have other concerns, such as food and a virus that has apparently not yet left these countries. Several plausibility arguments are presented in the first section of the paper, which addresses the persistently debated virus's origins. In contrast, its leadership continues to flounder. Numerous healthcare workers perished on the front lines, but there was scant coverage of their deaths during the first year of the pandemic and none since. The elderly, the frail elderly, and even the young are the most severely affected by the pandemic deaths that have occurred over the past two years and continue to occur. Current ontology is concerned with the controversies, hypotheses, and theories surrounding this damned insignificant RNA and its capacity to cause such catastrophic harm to humanity. Indeed, the issue is its disputed and contested origin. After two years, it appears that the graphs, countries, and news that are updated every minute on the Worldometer have not changed. However, something has changed; for example, countries have ceased to report the incidence of COVID-19 deaths.
49
Filipchuk, Georgii. "MEANINGS OF EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATION." Aesthetics and Ethics of Pedagogical Action, no. 16 (September 9, 2017): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4051.2017.16.175947.
Full textAbstract:
The article highlights important issues of national state-building processes in the context of growing external information aggression, new challenges and social threats; socio-pedagogical approaches to optimization of the essence of information and communication educational policy have been grounded. It has been proved that state and civil society should pay much more attention to the formation of healthcare- saving environment, its high-quality social, moral and ethical, spiritual, ecological characteristics; it forms psychology of people and individuals on the basis of positive "I-concept". It has been determined that the values of education, intelligence, gentlehood of Ukrainian nation are distinguished in the humanistic priority and strategic task of the state. Those approaches are regularity of global and national processes, as the UN among the 17 main indicators of the world’s development has identified education as the cornerstone of progress, security, and survival of humanity. The author has come to the conclusion that the Strategy of sustainable development of the country and national security should be based on human-centered policy with the recognition of a personality as the highest social value, the active formation, preservation and optimal usage of high quality human capital, the ethical synergy of a personality and nature for the prosperity of nation and the strengthening of statehood. This paradigm should become the quintessence of the Law of Ukraine "About Education" at the level of its practical implementation. An effective means of achieving this socially important task is the bases of a continuous community-state dialogue. It has been stated that the methodology of education is spiritual and material culture of Ukrainian people and humanity. It will depend on the fact, what socio-cultural and socio-political environments the nation will be brought up in, how safe, cultural, natural, spiritual, moral and aesthetic will be the information and communication dimension for ethical living. Economics and social status of teachers, information space and lawmaking, political will and educational motivation of society not indirectly, but directly affect the quality of training and education for citizenship. Extremely strong interconnectedness of the mentioned factors with the education obliges the state and civil society to pay much more attention to the formation of healthcare-saving environment, high-quality social, moral and ethical, spiritual, ecological characteristics.
50
Semenov, Dmitry, and Vladislav Shchekoldin. "Theoretical and empirical Lorenz functions, Gini indices, and their properties." Science Bulletin of the Novosibirsk State Technical University, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1814-1196-2020-4-121-144.
Full textAbstract:
The issues of assessing the fairness and efficiency of the distribution of the total income of society between different groups of the population have attracted attention of scientists for a long time. They became most relevant at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries in connection with the intensive stratification of countries with various political and social systems caused by the intensive development of the economy, science and technology. The Lorenz function and the Lorenz curve, as well as the Gini index, are commonly used for theoretical research and applications in the economic and social sciences. These tools were originally introduced to describe and study the inequality in the incomes and wealth distribution among a given population. Nowadays they have found wide application in such fields as demography, insurance, healthcare, the risk and reliability theory, as well as in other areas of human activities. In this paper we present the properties of the Lorentz function and various representations of the Gini index, systematize the analytical results for uniform, exponential, power-law (types I and II) and lognormal distributions, as well as for the Pareto distribution (types I and II). Additionally, the issue of estimating inequality based on the Pietra index and its relationship with the Lorentz function was studied. Nonparametric estimates of the Lorentz function and the Gini index based on a sample from the corresponding distribution are considered. Strict consistency and asymptotic unbiasedness of these estimates are shown under certain conditions for the initial distribution with an increase in the sample size. On the basis of the method of linearization of estimates, the asymptotic normality of the empirical Lorentz function and the empirical Gini index is determined.