Journal articles: 'Political ecology South Africa'

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Krupa, Joel, and Sarah Burch. "A new energy future for South Africa: The political ecology of South African renewable energy." Energy Policy 39, no. 10 (October 2011): 6254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.07.024.

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Preston-Whyte, Robert A. "The Politics of Ecology: Dredge-mining in South Africa." Environmental Conservation 22, no. 2 (1995): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900010201.

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The objective of interest-groups is to influence policy. Conflict is inevitable when two or more interest-groups are in competition for scarce resources. It then becomes the responsibility of the state to accommodate or resolve the conflict. However, an additional complexity occurs if the state agencies are themselves undergoing transformation, as has recently occurred in South Africa.These issues are explored, using as a case-study the conflict that occurred between environmental interestgroups and a mining company over an application to dredge-mine the sand dunes that line the eastern shores of Lake St Lucia in Natal. The nature and objectives of these groups is discussed, and the role of the press in the controversy is analysed. The interests of black settlers who wish to return to their ancestral lands following the collapse of apartheid are shown to complicate further the dilemma that confronts state policymakers. The changing nature of the ‘decision environment’ in South Africa is addressed, and group theory is used to explain the relationship between state agencies and the mining, environmental, and black settler group, interests. Stages in the policy environment to match the modes of change over the period of political transformation in South Africa are identified by levels of conflict and ambiguity in a contingency model.

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Kalina, Marc Ronald, Alexio Mbereko, Brij Maharaj, and Amanda Botes. "Subsistence marine fishing in a neoliberal city: a political ecology analysis of securitization and exclusion in Durban, South Africa." Journal of Political Ecology 26, no. 1 (July 23, 2019): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v26i1.23008.

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In post-apartheid South Africa, the blue economy has been identified as an untapped resource for creating employment and stimulating economic growth. However, in the port city of Durban, subsistence fishing has formed an important component of both the livelihood and identity of individuals living in marginalized communities adjacent to the harbor for over a century. However, since America's 9/11 terrorist attacks a number of new international laws and regulations have shaped local legislation and policies which seek to exclude the public from accessing the harbor area. As a consequence, increased security measures have contributed to an increasingly closed off space, where increased barriers to access have effectively isolated the harbor from the surrounding city, and restricted entry to local fishers. As a result, fisherfolk have been forced to contest their exclusion from the harbor, risking expulsion or arrest to continue practicing their livelihoods. Utilizing a political ecology framework, and integrating perspectives drawn from over a decade of qualitative fieldwork, this article explores how securitization narratives operate as a tool for the neoliberal exclusion of the poor from public space. Analysis suggests that the securitization of Durban's harbor has served to bar entry to the poor towards participating in South Africa's blue economy, while allowing elites exclusive access to marine resources.Key Words: Indian Ocean, securitization, blue economy, South Africa, subsistence fishing, neoliberalism, public space

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Louw, AJ, EF Pienaar, and AM Shrader. "The biological, social, and political complexity of conserving oribi antelope Ourebia ourebi in South Africa." Endangered Species Research 45 (May 27, 2021): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr01119.

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The endangered oribi antelope Ourebia ourebi is highly dependent on privately owned lands for its continued survival in South Africa. Despite the fact that conserving oribi may result in costs to farmers in the form of land use restrictions and pressures from illegal hunting, there is evidence that South African farmers are willing to conserve oribi on their lands. However, to date, no research has been conducted to examine farmers’ understanding of how to manage their lands for oribi or their motivations for conserving this species. We conducted 50 in-depth interviews with private landowners in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, to investigate why farmers are willing to protect oribi, their perceptions of the threats to the species, and their understanding of how land should be managed to benefit oribi. Respondents’ willingness to conserve oribi was driven primarily by an affinity for the species and wildlife in general. Respondents perceived illegal taxi hunting to be the greatest threat to oribi. Taxi hunts are organized, illegal hunting events that involve multiple participants and packs of dogs, who hunt at night on farms without the permission or knowledge of farmers. Although some respondents managed their lands specifically to benefit oribi, most were unsure which land management practices would support oribi conservation efforts. Farmers require legal support to more effectively conserve oribi. In addition, they would benefit from outreach and awareness programs on how to manage their lands for oribi.

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Anusha, Chandana. "Book review: Lesley Green (with a foreword by Isabelle Stengers). 2020. Rock | Water | Life: Ecology and Humanities for a Decolonial South Africa." Contributions to Indian Sociology 55, no. 3 (October 2021): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00699667221078396.

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Lesley Green (with a foreword by Isabelle Stengers). 2020. Rock | Water | Life: Ecology and Humanities for a Decolonial South Africa. Durham and London: Duke University Press. xxv + 296 pp. Maps, notes, figures, illustrations, bibliography, index. $27.95 (eBook).

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Pillay, Soma. "A cultural ecology of New Public Management." International Review of Administrative Sciences 74, no. 3 (September 2008): 373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852308095949.

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During the 1980s, new public management (NPM) evolved as a universal model of reform and governance in public sector management. However, in practice, there have been significant differences between countries that have been successful in NPM reform and those that have not. Drawing on institutional theory and frameworks of national culture, this article is aimed at exploring the applicability of NPM in a particular cultural context. In particular, the study analyses the applicability of NPM in the developing economy of South Africa. Using Hofstede's construct of national culture and institutional theory, social units within South Africa are explained. A cultural theory is presented whereby NPM is depicted as a culturally dependent strategy. The present study proposes a cultural theory that takes into account the differences that exist among the cultures of various countries. It is suggested that the successful implementation of NPM requires complementarities between the reform strategies that are adopted and the particular cultural characteristics of the country in which they are implemented. Points for practitioners This article is useful to practitioners in attempting to understand the importance of congruence between reform strategies and practices and national culture. In particular, the study makes a contribution to policy entrepreneurship in recognizing that efficiency and institutional perspectives must be complementary and congruent if success in reform is to be achieved.

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Bond, Patrick. "Blue Economy threats, contradictions and resistances seen from South Africa." Journal of Political Ecology 26, no. 1 (July 21, 2019): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v26i1.23504.

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South Africa hosts Africa's most advanced form of the new Blue Economy, named 'Operation Phakisa: Oceans.' In 2014, the McKinsey-designed project was formally launched by now-disgraced President Jacob Zuma with vibrant state and corporate fanfare. Financially, its most important elements were anticipated to come from corporations promoting shipping investments and port infrastructure, a new generation of offshore oil and gas extraction projects and seabed mining. However, these already conflict with underlying capitalist crisis tendencies associated with overaccumulation (overcapacity), globalization and financialization, as they played out through uneven development, commodity price volatility and excessive extraction of resources. Together this metabolic intensification of capital-nature relations can be witnessed when South Africa recently faced the Blue Economy's ecological contradictions: celebrating a massive offshore gas discovery at the same time as awareness rises about extreme coastal weather events, ocean warming and acidification (with profound threats to fast-bleaching coral reefs), sea-level rise, debilitating drought in Africa's main seaside tourist city (Cape Town), and plastic infestation of water bodies, the shoreline and vulnerable marine life. Critics of the capitalist ocean have demanded a greater state commitment to Marine Protected Areas, support for sustainable subsistence fishing and eco-tourism. But they are losing, and so more powerful resistance is needed, focusing on shifting towards post-fossil energy and transport infrastructure, agriculture and spatial planning. Given how climate change has become devastating to vulnerable coastlines – such as central Mozambique's, victim of two of the Southern Hemisphere's most intense cyclones in March-April 2019 – it is essential to better link ocean defence mechanisms to climate activism: global youth Climate Strikes and the direct action approach adopted by the likes of Dakota Access Pipe Line resistance in the US, Extinction Rebellion in Britain, and Ende Gelände in Germany. Today, as the limits to capital's crisis-displacement tactics are becoming more evident, it is the interplay of these top-down and bottom-up processes that will shape the future Blue Economy narrative, giving it either renewed legitimacy, or the kind of illegitimacy already experienced in so much South African resource-centric capitalism.Keywords: Blue Economy, capitalist crisis, Oceans Phakisa, resistance, South Africa

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Ebhuoma, Eromose E., Felix K. Donkor, Osadolor O. Ebhuoma, Llewellyn Leonard, and Henry B. Tantoh. "Subsistence farmers’ differential vulnerability to drought in Mpumalanga province, South Africa: Under the political ecology spotlight." Cogent Social Sciences 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1792155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2020.1792155.

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Fay, Derick. "Migrants, Forests and Houses: The Political Ecology of Architectural Change in Hobeni and Cwebe, South Africa." Human Organization 70, no. 3 (August 18, 2011): 310–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.70.3.f346361227x06866.

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Examining architectural continuity and change over a century in two communities in South Africa's Eastern Cape, this paper reassesses the assertion that migration, wage labor, and capitalism lead to major architectural changes and the adoption of extra-local purchased building materials. Labor migration was widespread here by the early 20th century, but houses were built from local materials until the 21st century. The pace and trajectories of architectural change in Hobeni and Cwebe have been contingently related to the stability or dynamism of labor migration, migrant cultures of consumption, access to building materials from local forests and distant markets, and intra-household control of resources. Illustrating interconnections between processes across household, local, regional, and national scales, the paper highlights the value of a political ecology approach to architectural change.

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Koelble, Thomas A. "Ecology, Economy and Empowerment: Eco-Tourism and the Game Lodge Industry in South Africa." Business and Politics 13, no. 1 (April 2011): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1333.

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An extensive game lodge industry operates across Southern Africa. Many of these lodges market themselves as ‘eco-tourism destinations’ where wildlife protection, community development and the maintenance of bio-diversity are supposed to be central values of the business model. This article deals with the tensions that arise for the management of such enterprises between a multiplicity of local and global interests around land use pertaining to conflicting motivations of profitability and capital-intensive development, protection of bio-diversity and enabling community empowerment. The article illustrates the interplay between these competing interests, preferences and claims surrounding the use to which the land these lodges occupy is used. It examines a set of cases in South Africa with special reference to the Sabi Sand Private Game Reserve.

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(АА) Rust, Braam. "The preparation of the labor relations landscape of South Africa (1994-2008): an environmental perspective for sustainable development." Environmental Economics 8, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.08(1).2017.10.

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This paper undertakes a review of the literature that examines the highlights and changes in specific external environmental factors (Ecology, Economy, Politics, Legislation and legal structures, and Society), between1994 and 2008 in South Africa, with the aim to ascertain how these factors affect the day-to-day labour relations in the workplace and add to sustainable development. These factors form the landscape for labour relations. Changes to them have consequences on the quality of labour relations, that is, inter alia, the frequency, and intensity of conflicts, disputes, demands and industrial actions. It is also evident that with its power and through the political system, the South African trade union was enhanced to shape the labour relations landscape. Labour laws were particularly designed to be worker friendly and to ensure that trade unions could use a fair collective bargaining system to spread the wealth of the mining industry, agriculture and other industries more evenly. Also, because of the alliance that exists between Labour and the ruling party (ANC), the economy was influenced so that economic policies could to a certain extent guide and steer economic growth, unemployment, inflation, interest rates and exchange rates. Trade unions were instruments in ensuring that formal changes in laws and policies did, in fact, reach and positively impact families and households within the social environment. Lastly, trade unions were the most effective instrument for heralding change within South Africa in the environmental fields of ecology, economy, politics, legislation and legal structures, as well as within society. Furthermore, these fields have interchangeably affected the labour relations landscape thereby indelibly shaping it between 1994 and 2008.

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Gouveia, Mateus H., Victor Borda, Thiago P. Leal, Rennan G. Moreira, Andrew W. Bergen, Fernanda S. G. Kehdy, Isabela Alvim, et al. "Origins, Admixture Dynamics, and Homogenization of the African Gene Pool in the Americas." Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, no. 6 (March 3, 2020): 1647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa033.

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Abstract The Transatlantic Slave Trade transported more than 9 million Africans to the Americas between the early 16th and the mid-19th centuries. We performed a genome-wide analysis using 6,267 individuals from 25 populations to infer how different African groups contributed to North-, South-American, and Caribbean populations, in the context of geographic and geopolitical factors, and compared genetic data with demographic history records of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. We observed that West-Central Africa and Western Africa-associated ancestry clusters are more prevalent in northern latitudes of the Americas, whereas the South/East Africa-associated ancestry cluster is more prevalent in southern latitudes of the Americas. This pattern results from geographic and geopolitical factors leading to population differentiation. However, there is a substantial decrease in the between-population differentiation of the African gene pool within the Americas, when compared with the regions of origin from Africa, underscoring the importance of historical factors favoring admixture between individuals with different African origins in the New World. This between-population homogenization in the Americas is consistent with the excess of West-Central Africa ancestry (the most prevalent in the Americas) in the United States and Southeast-Brazil, with respect to historical-demography expectations. We also inferred that in most of the Americas, intercontinental admixture intensification occurred between 1750 and 1850, which correlates strongly with the peak of arrivals from Africa. This study contributes with a population genetics perspective to the ongoing social, cultural, and political debate regarding ancestry, admixture, and the mestizaje process in the Americas.

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Skidmore-Hess, Cathy. "Rock/Water/Life: Ecology and Humanities for a Decolonial South Africa by Lesley Green." Journal of Global South Studies 38, no. 2 (September 2021): 405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/gss.2021.0037.

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Leonard, Llewellyn. "Mining Corporations, Democratic Meddling, and Environmental Justice in South Africa." Social Sciences 7, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7120259.

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During Apartheid, the mining industry operated without restraint and compromised the ecology, the health of mining workers, and local communities. The lines between the mining industry and government was often unclear with the former influencing government decisions to favour uncontrolled operations. Although new post-Apartheid regulations were designed to control negative mining impacts, the mining industry and the state still have a close relationship. Limited academic research has empirically examined how mining corporations influence democracy in South Africa. Through empirical investigation focusing on Dullstroom, Mpumalanga and St. Lucia, KwaZulu-Natal, this paper examines how mining corporations, directly and indirectly, influence democratic processes at the macro state and micro community levels. At the macro level, this includes examining mining companies influencing government decision-making and enforcement to hold mines accountable for non-compliance. At the micro level, the paper examines mining companies influencing democratic processes at the local community level to get mining developments approved. Findings reveal that political connections between the mining industry and government, including collusion between mining corporations and local community leadership, have influenced mining approval and development, whilst excluding local communities from decision-making processes. Industrial manipulation has also influenced government in holding corporations accountable. This has contributed towards not fully addressing citizen concerns over mining development. Democracy in post-Apartheid South Africa, especially for mining development is, therefore, understood in the narrow sense and exposures the realities of the ruling party embracing capitalism. Despite challenges, civil society may provide the avenue for upholding democratic values to counter mining domination and for an enabling political settlement environment.

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McDonald, David A. "Three steps forward, two steps back: ideology & urban ecology in South Africa." Review of African Political Economy 25, no. 75 (March 1998): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056249808704293.

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Neely, Abigail H. "‘Blame it on the Weeds’: Politics, Poverty, and Ecology in the New South Africa." Journal of Southern African Studies 36, no. 4 (December 2010): 869–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2010.527642.

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Fay, Derick. "Neoliberal conservation and the potential for lawfare: New legal entities and the political ecology of litigation at Dwesa–Cwebe, South Africa." Geoforum 44 (January 2013): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2012.09.012.

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Anderson, Kermyt G. "Relatedness and investment in children in South Africa." Human Nature 16, no. 1 (March 2005): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-005-1005-4.

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Leonard, Llewellyn. "Converging political ecology and environmental justice disciplines for more effective civil society actions against macro-economic risks: the case of South Africa." International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development 17, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesd.2018.089273.

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Leonard, Llewellyn. "Converging political ecology and environmental justice disciplines for more effective civil society actions against macro-economic risks: the case of South Africa." International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development 17, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesd.2018.10010102.

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Thiam, Sokhna, Fati Aziz, Sandra Boatemaa Kushitor, Akosua Baah Kwarteng Amaka-Otchere, Blessing Nonye Onyima, and Oghenekaro Nelson Odume. "Analyzing the contributions of transdisciplinary research to the global sustainability agenda in African cities." Sustainability Science 16, no. 6 (October 14, 2021): 1923–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-01042-6.

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AbstractIt is almost 6 years since the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted, and countries have less than 10 years to achieve the set targets. Unlike most of the world, sub-Saharan African countries have reported only minimal progress, one that the COVID-19 pandemic has unfortunately disrupted. Transdisciplinary research (TDR) has been conceptualized as important for achieving sustainability goals such as the SDGs. In this paper we (i) analyze the contributions of the five TDR projects toward the achievements of the SDGs at the city level in Africa, and (ii) explore the interactions between the assessed SDGs across the five projects. The projects’ contributions towards the achievements of the SDGs were examined in three thematic areas: (i) contexts, (ii) processes and (iii) products. The five projects were funded under the Leading Integrated Research for Agenda 2030 in Africa (LIRA) programme. The projects were being implemented in nine cities across five African countries Accra (Ghana), Kumasi (Ghana), Korhogo (Ivory Coast), Abuja Metro (Nigeria), Mbour (Senegal), Cape Town (South Africa), Nelson Mandela Bay Metro (South Africa), Grahamstown (South Africa) and Kampala (Uganda) and data were collected on each of the five projects in these cities. The contextual contributions include co-analysis and reflection on policy and institutional silos and social innovations amenable to contextual complexity. A shift in how actors perceived and conceptualized sustainability challenges and the role of the projects as transformative social agents constituted the two main process contributions. Tool development, virtual models and maps, and handbook are the product contributions by the projects. Our analysis of the SDG interactions indicated the need for cross-sectoral collaborations to ensures resource use efficiency, knowledge and experience sharing, and seamless flow of information and data to accelerate the SDG implementation.

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Pieterse, Hendrik J. C., Johannes A. Van Der Ven, and Jaco S. Dreyer. "Social Location of Transformative Orientations Among South African Youth." Religion and Theology 6, no. 1 (1999): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157430199x00010.

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AbstractIn the previous article we asked the question of to what extent a group of 538 Grade 11 students from Anglican and Catholic church-affiliated schools in the Johannesburg/Pretoria region show transformative orientations in the fields of ecology, economics and politics. In this article we deal with the question of what the social location of these transformative orientations is. The more transformatively oriented students are to be found among female, ANCoriented, transethnically directed, postmaterialistic, self-controlling, non-religious, and sometimes Anglican (in each case non-Catholic) students who regard work as something interesting, participate in political communication and consensus building, and see politics and study as a value. Students who favour socio-economic equality more specifically are to be found among the more religiously inspired and motivated students.

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Rohde, R. F., and M. T. Hoffman. "One Hundred Years of Separation: The Historical Ecology of a South African ‘Coloured Reserve’." Africa 78, no. 2 (May 2008): 189–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0001972008000132.

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During the twentieth century, the 20,000 hectares commons surrounding the village of Paulshoek as well as the neighbouring privately-owned farms have been significantly influenced by evolving land-use practices driven largely by socio-economic and political change in the broader Namaqualand and South African region. Land-use practices in the communal lands of Namaqualand were based initially on transhumant pastoralism, then on extensive dryland cropping associated with livestock production under restricted mobility, and more recently on a sedentarized labour reserve where agricultural production now forms a minor part of the local economy. For the first half of the twentieth century, farmers on communal and privately-owned farms shared similar transhumant pastoral practices and both moved across unfenced farm boundaries. By the middle of the century, however, fence-lines were established and commercial farming on privately-owned farms was increasingly managed according to rangeland science principles. As the population grew in the communal areas, families gravitated to new ‘service’ villages such as Paulshoek and became increasingly dependent on migrant labour and state welfare. While the majority of former croplands are now fallow, many of them for decades or more, communal livestock populations have remained relatively high, fluctuating with rainfall. The impact of this history of land use can be compared with that of neighbouring privately-owned farms where low stocking rates, coupled with a variety of state subsidies, have had a very different environmental outcome. This article charts the environmental transformations that have occurred in the area of Paulshoek as a direct result of the region's political history and the evolution of the regional economy. We present a variety of evidence drawn from archival sources, oral history, repeat aerial and ground photography, and detailed climate, cropping and livestock records to show that events far beyond the borders of Namaqualand's communal areas have had a profound influence on their environments.

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Leonard, Llewellyn. "Another political ecology of civil society reflexiveness against urban industrial risks for environmental justice: The case of the Bisasar landfill, Durban, South Africa." Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 33, no. 1 (March 2012): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.2012.00448.x.

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Arora, Payal, and Laura Scheiber. "Slumdog romance: Facebook love and digital privacy at the margins." Media, Culture & Society 39, no. 3 (February 3, 2017): 408–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443717691225.

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Facebook has consolidated its position as the one-stop-shop for social activity among the poor in the global South. Sex, romance, and love are key motivations for mobile and Internet technology usage among this demographic, much like the West. Digital romance is a critical context through which we gain fresh perspectives on Internet governance for an emerging digital and globalizing public. Revenge porn, slut-shaming, and Internet romance scams are a common and growing malady worldwide. Focusing on how it manifests in diverse digital cultures will aid in the shaping of new Internet laws for a more inclusive cross-cultural public. In specific, this article examines how low-income youth in two of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) nations – Brazil and India – exercise and express their notions on digital privacy, surveillance, and trust through the lens of romance. This allows for a more thorough investigation of the relationship between sexuality, morality, and governance within the larger Facebook ecology. As Facebook becomes the dominant virtual public sphere for the world’s poor, we are compelled to ask whether inclusivity of the digital users comes at the price of diversity of digital platforms.

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Coggin, Thomas. "Recalibrating Everyday Space: Using Section 24 of the South African Constitution to Resolve Contestation in the Urban and Spatial Environment." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 24 (July 22, 2021): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a9432.

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Positioned as existing predominantly within a green agenda, the right to an environment (section 24 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996) presents numerous opportunities for rights-based interpretation in the "brown" urban and spatial environment. In this article I conduct such an exercise, focussing on both the right to freedom of movement (section 21 of the Constitution) and the right to the safety and security of the person (section 12 of the Constitution). I begin by drawing out the historical and contemporary spatial implications of both rights, drawing on empirical research that demonstrates how the enclosure of everyday space through gating practices and private securitisation in the South African city serves to extend spatial apartheid into the current day. A siloed interpretation of both rights, however, leads to an impasse between the two. Both rights are prima facie of an equal value in a constitutional setting. To resolve this standoff, I argue for the use of the environmental right as a constitutional value. This is an underutilised right in the South African Constitution, and yet it holds much promise given how it seeks to protect the health and wellbeing of both present and future generations. There are two benefits to employing the environmental right as a constitutional value. First, the environmental right situates both section 12 and section 21 in a symbiosis of individual claims to shared resources, in the process recalibrating the human ecology of the urban and spatial environment away from the centrality of dominant actors and towards a polycentricity of interests. In so doing, section 24 provides a fuller and more connected picture of both rights. Second, the duty implicit in the environmental right reveals how to begin realising these rights on a wider scale that goes beyond individual injustices and towards community justice. I argue strongly that this duty exists on the state: left unattended to, everyday space becomes the preserve of those with the means – financial or otherwise – to shape space according to their own anti-public interests. In this regard, I present two instances of policy and legal choices available to the state that serve to undo contemporary experiences of spatial apartheid

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Nebie, Elisabeth Kago, and Colin Thor West. "Migration and Land-Use and Land-Cover Change in Burkina Faso: a comparative case study." Journal of Political Ecology 26, no. 1 (November 25, 2019): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v26i1.23070.

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In the Sahelian country of Burkina Faso, West Africa, population pressure, poor resource management, and reduced rainfall have exacerbated land degradation. A rapidly growing population coupled with high rates of internal rural migration and thirty years of desiccation have resulted in profound land-use/land-cover change (LULCC) throughout the country. In the Central Plateau and northern regions of Burkina Faso, land degradation has historically stimulated large-scale out-migration toward more fertile areas in the south. While some northern provinces are being rehabilitated by Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) projects, southern provinces, considered more "pristine", have been neglected. In recent decades, researchers have attributed the initiation of land degradation processes in southern regions to this influx of migrants from the north. This study presents an empirical controlled case study between two provinces to better understand the dynamics of migration and LULC. One province, Bam Province in the north, has long been a zone of departure while Sissili Province in the south has long been a destination zone. Using a regional political ecology framework, we integrate a time series of LULCC data with demographic census data and local narratives to compare migration and LULCC trends in Bam and Sissili from 1975 to 2013. We find that in-migration correlates with substantial and dramatic LULCC while out-migration is associated with only moderate LULCC. This controlled comparison also suggests that local land-use/land-cover change and migration dynamically interact. As environmental conditions in Bam improve and Sissili deteriorate, long-term trends of either out- or in-migration for either province stabilize, and can even become reversed.Key Words: Burkina Faso, LULCC, migration, regional political ecology

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Annear, Christopher M., and Peter R. Waylen. "Socializing the rain: human adaptation to ecological variability in a fishery, Mweru-Luapula, Zambia." Journal of Political Ecology 26, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v26i1.23246.

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Abstract Rainfall drives fishery fertility in Mweru-Luapula, thus rainfall variability contributes to frequent changes in fishing catches. Fishers and traders have adapted their institutions to this variable ecology in a variety of ways, including learning to read the fishery for productive periods and practicing multiple modes of income procurement. By accurately identifying inter-annual, inter-decadal, and longer spans of rainfall trends, future high and low yields can be forecast. This article presents and analyzes annual rainfall in the fishery from 1916-1992 and quantitative fish market data comprised of observed fish catch numbers by species in three markets from September 2004 to September 2005. It uses political ecology to better understand fish production, trade, and subsistence in this South-Central African freshwater fishery. We combine qualitative analysis of fisher and marketer perceptions of the fishery and knowledge of rainfall patterns to show how human behavior is not "tragically" driven, but instead based on the state of the ecological, sociocultural, and socioeconomic environment at a given time.Keywords: African freshwater fisheries, rainfall modeling, political ecology, Mweru-Luapula, Zambia, climate change

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Enoguanbhor, Evidence Chinedu, Florian Gollnow, Blake Byron Walker, Jonas Ostergaard Nielsen, and Tobia Lakes. "Key Challenges for Land Use Planning and Its Environmental Assessments in the Abuja City-Region, Nigeria." Land 10, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050443.

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Land use planning as strategic instruments to guide urban dynamics faces particular challenges in the Global South, including Sub-Saharan Africa, where urgent interventions are required to improve urban and environmental sustainability. This study investigated and identified key challenges of land use planning and its environmental assessments to improve the urban and environmental sustainability of city-regions. In doing so, we combined expert interviews and questionnaires with spatial analyses of urban and regional land use plans, as well as current and future urban land cover maps derived from Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing. By overlaying and contrasting land use plans and land cover maps, we investigated spatial inconsistencies between urban and regional plans and the associated urban land dynamics and used expert surveys to identify the causes of such inconsistencies. We furthermore identified and interrogated key challenges facing land use planning, including its environmental assessment procedures, and explored means for overcoming these barriers to rapid, yet environmentally sound urban growth. The results illuminated multiple inconsistencies (e.g., spatial conflicts) between urban and regional plans, most prominently stemming from conflicts in administrative boundaries and a lack of interdepartmental coordination. Key findings identified a lack of Strategic Environmental Assessment and inadequate implementation of land use plans caused by e.g., insufficient funding, lack of political will, political interference, corruption as challenges facing land use planning strategies for urban and environmental sustainability. The baseline information provided in this study is crucial to improve strategic planning and urban/environmental sustainability of city-regions in Sub-Saharan Africa and across the Global South, where land use planning faces similar challenges to address haphazard urban expansion patterns.

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Bergius, Mikael, and Jill Tove Buseth. "Towards a green modernization development discourse: the new green revolution in Africa." Journal of Political Ecology 26, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v26i1.22862.

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Since the Rio+20 conference, 'greening' economies and growth has been key in international politics. Leading policy actors and businesses frame the emerging green economy as an opportunity to realize a triple-bottom line – people, planet and profit – and support sustainable development. In practice, two key trends stand out: in the global North, the main component of the green shift seems to imply technological and market-based solutions in the renewable energy sector. While this is also important in the global South, here green economy implementation is often interpreted as environmental protection along with modernization of, and shifts in access to and control over, natural resources ('green sectors'). In the case of the latter, combined with persisting high rates of poverty, we claim that the post-Rio+20 context has revitalized a 'green' version of modernization to become the leading discourse and approach within international development; namely green modernization. A wide range of development initiatives across the global South – with significant support from international businesses amidst a general private turn of aid – are framed in this light. We use the new, Green Revolution in Africa to illustrate how modernization discourses are reasserted under the green economy. What is new at the current conjuncture is the way in which powerful actors adopt and promote green narratives around long-standing modernization ideas. They recast the modernization trope as 'green.' In particular, we focus our discussion on three linked components; technology and 'productivism', the role of capital and 'underutilized' resources, and, lastly, mobility of land and people.Keywords: green economy; green modernization; the new Green Revolution in Africa; agri-business; climate smart agriculture; development discourse

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Nustad, Knut G. "Notes on the political ecology of time: Temporal aspects of nature and conservation in a South African World Heritage Site." Geoforum 111 (May 2020): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.03.002.

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Cottle, Simon, and Mugdha Rai. "Between display and deliberation: analyzing TV news as communicative architecture." Comunicação e Sociedade 15 (October 31, 2009): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.15(2009).1044.

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Television journalism serves to display and deliberate consent and conflict in the contemporary world and it does so through a distinctive ‘communicative architecture’ structured in terms of a repertoire of ‘communicative frames’. This proves consequential for the public expression and engagement of views and voices, issues and identities, and exhibits a complexity that has so far remained unexplored and under-theorized. This article outlines our conceptualization of ‘communicative frames’ and demonstrates its relevance in a systematic, comparative international analysis of terrestrial and satellite, public service and commercial television news produced and/or circulated in six different countries: the USA, UK, Australia, India, Singapore and South Africa. Recent developments in social theory, political theory and journalism studies all underpin our approach to how these frames contribute to meaningful public deliberation and understanding and, potentially, to processes of mediatized ‘democratic deepening’. This article builds on these contemporary theoretical trajectories and develops a new approach for the empirical exploration and re-theorization of the fas -developing international ecology of TV journalism.

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Vital, Anthony. "A Place for Romanticism in Postcolonial Ecology? Julia Martin's South African Travelogue,A Millimetre of Dust." Safundi 11, no. 1-2 (January 2010): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17533170903458520.

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Volenzo, Tom, and John Odiyo. "Ecological Public Health and Participatory Planning and Assessment Dilemmas: The Case of Water Resources Management." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 2, 2018): 1635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081635.

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Water is a key driver for socio-economic development, livelihoods and ecosystem integrity. This is reflected in the emergence of unified paradigms such as Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and the weight accorded to it in the Sustainable Development Goals agenda. This paper interrogated the effectiveness of existing participatory planning and assessment models adapted from IWRM model on water quality and public health at community level. The analysis was built around public health ecology perspective and drew useful lessons from critique of basin wide integrated Modeling approaches and existing community participatory models envisaged under Water Users Associations (WUA) in South Africa. We extended the use of political ecology lenses to ecological public health through use of communication for development approaches, to argue that public health risk reduction and resilience building in community water projects require the use of innovative analytical and conceptual lenses that unbundle cognitive biases and failures, as well as, integrate and transform individual and collective agency. The study concludes that the inherent “passive participation” adapted from IWRM model fail to adequately address water quality and public health dimensions in its pillars. Since water quality has direct bearing on disaster risks in public health, building a coherent mitigatory vision requires the adoption of active participatory assessment and planning models that incorporate livelihoods, agency, social learning dynamics and resilience through recognition of communication for development approaches in community empowerment.

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Warren, Andrew, Simon Batterbury, and Henny Osbahr. "Soil erosion in the West African Sahel: a review and an application of a “local political ecology” approach in South West Niger." Global Environmental Change 11, no. 1 (April 2001): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-3780(00)00047-9.

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Lindsey, P. A., S. S. Romañach, S. Matema, C. Matema, I. Mupamhadzi, and J. Muvengwi. "Dynamics and underlying causes of illegal bushmeat trade in Zimbabwe." Oryx 45, no. 1 (January 2011): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310001274.

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AbstractThe prevalence and impacts of the illegal trade in bushmeat are under appreciated in Southern Africa, despite indications that it constitutes a serious conservation threat in parts of the region. Bushmeat trade has emerged as a severe threat to wildlife conservation and the viability of wildlife-based land uses in Zimbabwe during a period of political instability and severe economic decline. We conducted a study around Savé Valley Conservancy in the South-East Lowveld of Zimbabwe to investigate the dynamics and underlying causes of the bushmeat trade, with the objective of developing solutions. We found that bushmeat hunting is conducted mainly by unemployed young men to generate cash income, used mostly to purchase food. Bushmeat is mainly sold to people with cash incomes in adjacent communal lands and population centres and is popular by virtue of its affordability and availability. Key drivers of the bushmeat trade in the South-East Lowveld include: poverty, unemployment and food shortages, settlement of wildlife areas by impoverished communities that provided open access to wildlife resources, failure to provide stakes for communities in wildlife-based land uses, absence of affordable protein sources other than illegally sourced bushmeat, inadequate investment in anti-poaching in areas remaining under wildlife management, and weak penal systems that do not provide sufficient deterrents to illegal bushmeat hunters. Each of these underlying causes needs to be addressed for the bushmeat trade to be tackled effectively. However, in the absence of political and economic stability, controlling illegal bushmeat hunting will remain extremely difficult and the future of wildlife-based land uses will remain bleak.

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Xaba, Nontando N., S’phumelele L. Nkomo, and Kirona Harrypersad. "Whose Knowledge? Examining the Relationship between the Traditional Medicine Sector and Environmental Conservation Using a Stakeholder Analysis: Perceptions on Warwick Herb Market Durban South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 11900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911900.

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The South African traditional medicine sector is estimated to accommodate millions of citizens, despite it being informal. The existence of such a healthcare system embodies the dual system of both primary and traditional healthcare, with some preferring one and others utilising both systems. The gathering, harvesting, and selling of medicinal plant and animal species have inevitable environmental effects. The paradox between biodiversity conservation and livelihood sustenance is eminent in South Africa’s contemporary environmental legislation. The purpose of the study was to highlight and examine the dynamics between prominent stakeholders involved in biodiversity conservation and the traditional medicine sector. The stakeholder analysis and political ecology approach were adopted and applied respectively to guide the study. The study was conducted in 2020 and a questionnaire was used to capture the realities and experiences of prominent stakeholders in the biodiversity sector. Common legal mandates such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES); the National Environmental Management Biodiversity Act No. 10 of 2004; Threatened or Protected Species (TOPS) regulations; and the KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation Ordinance 15 of 1974 are used to control and enforce legislation by biodiversity stakeholders. The main findings of the study are as follows: (a) Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs) do not have adequate training and knowledge on the environmental and legal aspects of their system; (b) Biodiversity stakeholders are treated with violence and hostility when they attempt to enforce legal mandates at the Warwick Herb Market; (c) There is a significant gap in communication and co-operation between municipal officials and biodiversity stakeholders. There is evidently, a need for environmental educational initiatives and improved methods of enforcement and communication between biodiversity stakeholders, municipal officials and THPs.

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Beck, Peter J. "Antarctica, Viña del Mar and the 1990 UN debate." Polar Record 27, no. 162 (July 1991): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400012596.

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AbstractThe Xlth Antarctic Treaty Special Consultative Meeting in Viña del Mar, Chile (19 November to 6 December 1990) aired the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties' views on conservation, following the collapse of support for the minerals convention. Almost simultaneously at the United Nations Assembly in New York, the eighth successive annual discussion on Antarctica included the usual critique of the Treaty System's political and legal framework. The conservationist emphasis apparent in 1989 continued in 1990, accompanied by an attack on Antarctic science. Particular emphasis was placed on adverse environmental impacts from the crowding together of scientific stations. Treaty parties countered with their long-standing opposition to UN interference in Treaty matters. Resolutions on Antarctica sought to exclude South Africa from ATS activities and to consider the establishment of a UN international research station. The 1990 discussions showed that the Treaty System at its 30th anniversary fails to enjoy universal support, and contributed to an emerging debate on the merits of Antarctic science.

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Niblett, Michael. "Natural disasters and Victorian empire: famines, fevers and the literary cultures of South Asia; Different shades of green: African literature, environmental justice, and political ecology." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 51, no. 4 (May 26, 2015): 494–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2015.1046637.

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Cole, Megan J., Richard M. Bailey, and Mark G. New. "Spatial variability in sustainable development trajectories in South Africa: provincial level safe and just operating spaces." Sustainability Science 12, no. 5 (February 7, 2017): 829–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-016-0418-9.

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Никифоров, А. А. "СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ОЦЕНКИ ВЛИЯНИЯ ЭКОЛОГО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКОГО ФАКТОРА НА ЭТНИЧЕСКИЕ КОНФЛИКТЫ." Konfliktologia 16, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31312/2310-6085-2021-16-1-21-37.

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The deterioration of the environmental conditions of human life, climate change and forced (climate) migration have become part of the most crucial global challenges over the past few decades. This article is devoted to the analysis of contemporary scientific studies of the impact of weakening environmental capacity and climatic changes on ethnic conflicts and their specific features in the world regions. Present paper provides research outlook on the base of comparative studies and country cases overview that define the influence of an unfavorable environment and climate hazards on the intergroup conflicts and ethnic violence. The research overview also focuses on the relationship between the development on research area itself with the contemporary public and political agenda of ecology and climate change. The main focus of attention is directed to the chain of relationships between the environmental changes and forced (climate) migration in relation to the processes of urbanization and internal migration within agricultural regions. Such studies overview geography of the environmental risks and identify countries of East and West Africa, as well as South Asia, as the most exposed to given climate risks. The number of studies on the countries of East and West Africa give the most evident perspective on the link between forced environment-driven migration and conflict. On the one hand, destabilization of inter-ethnic relations and the emergence of inter-ethnic violence are driven by the regional processes of urbanization that form the cities with "double fragility" with undeveloped infrastructure, economic and status inequality of ethnic groups and communities and weakened by the push-pull model of forced (climate) migration. On another — studies of forced agricultural migration in rural areas show the mechanisms of ethno-cultural differences, different status positions and in-group favoritism of the regional authorities as the conditions of ethnic grievance and violence. As a result, it is hard to underestimate the importance of justice as a condition and principle for robust strategies for adaptation to environmental changes and building of inter-ethnic trust.

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Swatuk, Larry A. "From “Project” to “Context”: Community Based Natural Resource Management in Botswana." Global Environmental Politics 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 95–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1526380054794925.

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Community based natural resource management (CBNRM) programs presently proliferate across the Global South. In Southern Africa, CBNRM overwhelmingly focuses on wildlife conservation in areas adjacent to national parks and game reserves. The objects of these development activities are remote communities that exhibit the highest levels of poverty in the region, the consequences of which are sometimes resource degradation. CBNRM seeks to empower and enrich the lives of these communities through the active co-management of their natural resource base. Almost without exception, however, CBNRM projects have had disappointing results. Common explanations lay blame at the feet of local people who are seen to lack capacity and will, among other things. This paper contests this explanation by subjecting the particular case of Botswana to a deeper, critical political ecology analysis. Drawing on insights from Homer-Dixon regarding resource capture and ecological marginalization, and from Acharya regarding the localization of global norms, the paper argues that CBNRM is better understood as a discursive site wherein diverse actors bring unequal power/knowledge to bear in the pursuit of particular interests. In Botswana this manifests at a local level as an on-going struggle over access to land and related resources. However, given that CBNRM is supported by a wide array of international actors, forming perhaps the thin edge of a wider wedge in support of democratization, good governance and biodiversity preservation, locally empowered actors are forced to adapt their interests to the strictures of emergent structures of global governance. The outcome is a complex interplay of activities whereby CBNRM is realized but not in a form anticipated by its primary supporters.

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Carver, Rosanna. "Resource sovereignty and accumulation in the blue economy: the case of seabed mining in Namibia." Journal of Political Ecology 26, no. 1 (July 24, 2019): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v26i1.23025.

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Following its global emergence, the blue economy agenda is now touted as a mechanism through which the Republic of Namibia can achieve long-term sustainable and equitable growth. In (re)defining the ocean, seabed mining has been central to these discussions. Drawing on fieldwork and semi-structured interviews undertaken with key actors in Namibia and South Africa, between 2016 and 2017, as well as recent policy debates and discourse surrounding the potential extraction of marine phosphate in Namibia this article critically examines the framing of the marine environment as an extractive space. The blue economy presents opportunities for new forms of capitalist accumulation and this has resulted in struggles over who can accumulate in the marine sphere. This article therefore analyses the emerging and competing claims to sovereignty over this "new" resource frontier, including by state and non-state actors, and identifies which actors have been included or excluded from the blue economy agenda. In discussing sovereignty over this frontier and resources therein, it undertakes a rigorous analysis of the complications created by the ocean as a three-dimensional, voluminous, "borderless" space.Key Words: Namibia, seabed mining, sovereignty, frontier, blue economy, EEZ

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Green, R. E., and M. D. Rayment. "Geographical variation in the abundance of the Corncrake Crex crex in Europe in relation to the intensity of agriculture." Bird Conservation International 6, no. 3 (September 1996): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900003105.

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SummaryThe Corncrake Crex crex is a rail which inhabits tall grass and herbage and migrates between breeding grounds in northern Eurasia and wintering areas in south-east Africa. Corncrake populations are known to have been declining for more than 100 years in some countries and declines have now been reported for almost all of the European part of the species's world range. It appears that mechanized mowing early in the breeding season reduces the production of young to a point below that needed to maintain the population. It might therefore be expected that Corncrakes would be least abundant in countries where the management of agricultural grassland is most mechanized and intensive. To test this hypothesis, an analysis of available statistics for agricultural intensity and Corncrake population density in different European countries was undertaken. Milk yield per dairy cow and measures of the use of fertilizers and tractors were used as indices of the intensity of management of agricultural grassland. Corncrakes were least abundant in European countries with high levels of milk yield, fertilizer and tractor use. Countries with low indices of agricultural intensity and high Corncrake abundance are in eastern Europe where continuing political change makes the future course of agricultural development difficult to foresee. The persistence of the Corncrake in this region depends on the adoption of agricultural policies which do not encourage further intensification of grassland management in those areas which support important populations.

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Masterson, Vanessa A., Marja Spierenburg, and Maria Tengö. "The trade-offs of win–win conservation rhetoric: exploring place meanings in community conservation on the Wild Coast, South Africa." Sustainability Science 14, no. 3 (April 21, 2019): 639–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00696-7.

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O'Keeffe, Jay. "Sustaining river ecosystems: balancing use and protection." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 33, no. 3 (June 2009): 339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133309342645.

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Sustainable management of natural resources is a well-accepted concept, but there are few practical guidelines for its application. This paper suggests methods for the sustainable operation of water resource use and protection. Environmental flows (EF) for rivers are used to illustrate some of the opportunities and problems inherent in managing rivers sustainably. In particular, there is a requirement for agreeing on clear and measurable environmental objectives for which a modified flow regime can be set. Knowledge from a number of different disciplines, including hydrology, ecology, hydraulics, geomorphology, water quality and socio-economics has to be integrated to provide holistic levels of understanding if sustainable management is to be achieved. Methods for EF assessment have been developed to provide an effective framework for integration leading to a clear end-point. The implementation of EF has been hampered in the past by a concentration on the ecohydrological technicalities of the process. More recently, it has been realized that achieving a consensus in the socio-economic and political context is of overriding importance for successful implementation. Case studies from South African river research over the past 20 years are used to illustrate the policies, methods, impediments and successes of sustainable river management. In particular, a recognition of complexity and change, both in ecosystems and in human thinking and behaviour, is emphasized. Timeframes of decades are required for both types of change, but there is evidence that patience is being rewarded by gradual success.

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Ekwuno, Anthony Obododike, and Dr H. Nel. "ANALYZING THE PROJECT DELAY CAUSES IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 6 (October 1, 2022): 15–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i06.002.

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Construction projects have experienced major delays in the past decades. Project delay is a big burden in setting up projects. Professionals have established that delay in a project can only be controlled if its symptom is detected and acknowledged on time. A project has been described as a one-time undertaking that is established for a purpose. A questionnaire was designed and used to obtain the stakeholders’ perceptions regarding the causes of project setbacks. The aim of this study is to detect and analyze the causes of project delays and their mitigation strategies. Fifty-four (54) causes of project delays were established through the literature review. Mitigation strategies against project delays were identified. The established mitigation strategies will help construction professionals to improve the successful delivery of projects. The study has proved that every project delay has a remedy. The three major stakeholders collectively contribute to the factors causing project delays. The study revealed that delays in one country may be different from another country. This study discovered that all the stakeholders are experienced and knowledgeable in terms of recognition of the factors creating project delays.

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Whitaker, Jennifer Seymour, Edmond J. Keller, and Louis A. Picard. "South Africa in Southern Africa." Foreign Affairs 68, no. 5 (1989): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20044277.

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Hughes, Tim. "South Africa." South African Journal of International Affairs 12, no. 1 (June 2005): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10220460509556754.

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Thusi, Zamalotshwa, and Anne Harley. "'Political literacy' in South Africa." European Journal for Research on the Education and Learning of Adults 11, no. 1 (February 12, 2020): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/rela.2000-7426.rela9148.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Political ecology South Africa'

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