Academic literature on the topic 'Political ecology'

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Journal articles on the topic "Political ecology"

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Loftus, Alex. "Political ecology I: Where is political ecology?" Progress in Human Geography 43, no. 1 (October 18, 2017): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132517734338.

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Political ecology has often defined itself against Eurocentric conceptions of the world. Nevertheless, recent contributions have questioned the ongoing reproduction of an Anglo-American mainstream against ‘other political ecologies’. Decentring Anglo-American political ecology has therefore forced a greater recognition of traditions that have developed under the same banner, albeit in different linguistic or national contexts. In addition, thinking more about the situatedness of knowledge claims has forced a deeper questioning of the Eurocentric and colonial production of political ecological research. In this report I begin by reviewing a range of political ecological traditions before going on to look at decolonial moves within the field. I conclude by considering how political ecologists might reframe their practice as one of relational comparison.
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Greenberg, James B., and Thomas K. Park. "Political Ecology." Journal of Political Ecology 1, no. 1 (December 1, 1994): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v1i1.21154.

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Bryant, Raymond L. "Political ecology." Political Geography 11, no. 1 (January 1992): 12–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0962-6298(92)90017-n.

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Rangan, Haripriya, and Christian A. Kull. "What makes ecology `political'?: rethinking `scale' in political ecology." Progress in Human Geography 33, no. 1 (February 2009): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132508090215.

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Robbins, Paul. "Political ecology in political geography." Political Geography 22, no. 6 (August 2003): 641–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0962-6298(03)00071-4.

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Saurí i Pujol, David. "Global Political Ecology." Documents d'Anàlisi Geogràfica 58, no. 3 (October 9, 2012): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/dag.27.

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Rademacher, Anne. "Urban Political Ecology." Annual Review of Anthropology 44, no. 1 (October 21, 2015): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102214-014208.

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Neumann, Roderick P. "Political ecology III." Progress in Human Geography 35, no. 6 (February 28, 2011): 843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132510390870.

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Birkenholtz, Trevor. "Network political ecology." Progress in Human Geography 36, no. 3 (October 24, 2011): 295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132511421532.

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Turner, Matthew D. "Political ecology I." Progress in Human Geography 38, no. 4 (September 17, 2013): 616–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132513502770.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Political ecology"

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Poltorakov, O. "Political ecology: security studies approach." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13640.

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Prendiville, Brendan. "The political ecology movement in France." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293775.

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Phillips, Catherine. "South African permaculture, a political ecology perspective." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0003/MQ43199.pdf.

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Kedzior, Sya. "A POLITICAL ECOLOGY OF THE CHIPKO MOVEMENT." UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/289.

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The Indian Chipko movement is analyzed as a case study employing a geographically-informed political ecology approach. Political ecology as a framework for the study of environmental movements provides insight into the complex issues surrounding the structure of Indian society, with particular attention to its ecological and political dimensions. This framework, with its focus on social structure and ecology, is distinct from the more traditional approaches to the study of social movements, which tend to essentialize their purpose and membership, often by focusing on a single dimension of the movement and its context. Using Chipko as a case-study, the author demonstrates how a geographical approach to political ecology avoids some of this essentialization by encouraging a holistic analysis of environmental movements that is characterized by a bottom-up analysis, grounded at the local level, which also considers the wider context of the movements growth by synthesizing socio-political and ecological analyses. Also explored are questions on the importance of gender-informed approaches to the study of environmental activism and participation in environmental movements in India.
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Stevens, Charles John 1950. "The political ecology of a Tongan village." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290684.

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This dissertation presents a political ecological case study of a Tongan village. Political ecology includes the methodological approaches of cultural ecology, concerned with understanding human/resource relations, and political economy, concerned with the historical examination of the political and social organization of production and power. The ethnography of political ecology is primarily interested in understanding how certain people use specific environmental resources in culturally prescribed and historically derive ways. With this in mind, the research provides an historical and ethnographic account of a diversified, local economic system characterized by a highly productive but depreciating smallholder agriculture once regenerative and sustainable. The smallholders in the Kingdom of Tonga are imperfectly articulated with market systems and rely on agricultural production for a significant proportion of household consumption and ceremonialized obligations to kin, and community. The dissertation presents an historical account of the political economic changes in Tonga beginning in the nineteenth century and culminating in recent alteration of traditional farming techniques and the loss of economic self-sufficiency and agricultural sustainability.
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KINYAGU, NEEMA. "Political Ecology : Local Community on Water Justice." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85884.

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Tourism is often promoted as growing industries that make an important economic contribution especially to marginalized communities in rural areas. But taking a Political Ecology approach, what sort of contribution does tourism really make? Why are its benefits spread unevenly? And have communities necessarily need to give up access and use rights to certain natural resources? This study provides an insight on understanding the different dimensions of justice on water  access by local community from a tourism perspective. In understanding  the issues of justice on water, environmental justice has been a central focus  of this research. Justice issuesrelated to water access is still a complex phenomenal due to the truth that, it is embedded to historical and socio-cultural context and linked to integrity of ecosystem. However, justice issues can be viewed differently from different people in relation to different perspective. Therefore, Schlosberg framework of justice is adopted in this research  to understand and explore water issues in three realms of justice i.e distributive, recognition and participation. Qualitative research method was employed in data collection and findings were presented based on three realms of Schlosberg's theory. However, researcher concluded that, there are mixed feelings and perceptions on understanding the sense of justice to local people in water access. Lastly, due to the fact that, the researches related to justice in tourism studies are still very limited , further research need to be done in investigating the access rights local people have on accessing their natural resources for instance water.
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Roy, Brototi. "Koyla Kahini. The Political Ecology of Coal in India." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672611.

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Aquesta tesi contribueix a examinar com i per què el carbó continua dominant la matriu energètica mundial, malgrat les velles i noves preocupacions socioecològiques i com i per què es posa en dubte, utilitzant narratives de justícia ambiental i climàtica. Tot i que el carbó continua regnant en la matriu energètica mundial, els patrons del comerç mundial de carbó estan canviant. L’Índia està preparada per jugar un paper de lideratge en un futur pròxim, ja que la producció, el consum i el comerç de carbó engloben noves geografies al sud global. Al mateix temps, l’Índia també lidera la transició cap a les energies renovables a nivell mundial. Primer exploro aquesta paradoxa mirant els patrons metabòlics socials i els factors d’ecologia política i argumento que la transició energètica es dirigeix, en realitat, cap a més carbó tot i una retòrica dominada per les renovables. A continuació, exploro com això s’està facilitant amb la creació d’una nova geografia costanera, en paral·lel a les antigues geografies del carbó. Tot seguit, exploro com s’està qüestionant aquesta pujada del carbó i com s’estan configurant les protestes en regions amb poblacions marginades amb desigualtats preexistents. Defenso la necessitat d’una justícia ambiental decolonial per esbrinar com interactuen les múltiples formes de violència i perpetuen les injustícies ambientals mitjançant el que anomeno violència processal. Finalment, examino les múltiples maneres com les protestes contra el carbó de tot el món que fan servir una narrativa de justícia climàtica estan connectades. Exploro 61 casos de resistència i esbosso tres grans tipus de classificacions sobre les connexions. Defenso la necessitat de moviments decolonials per la justícia climàtica que s’adhereixin a les preocupacions locals i que no impulsin una narrativa global de dalt a baix, proporcionant dos exemples de l’Índia en què aquest enfocament perjudica més que beneficia a un moviment. La tesi es basa en un enfocament de mètodes mixts, que se centra en la investigació transdisciplinària i coproduïda, i mobilitza conceptes de les tres disciplines interconnectades de l’ecologia política, la justícia ambiental i l’economia ecològica.
Esta tesis contribuye a examinar cómo y por qué el carbón continúa dominando la oferta energética global a pesar de las viejas y nuevas preocupaciones socio-ecológicas y cómo y por qué se cuestiona, utilizando narrativas ambientales y de justicia climática. Aunque el carbón sigue reinando en la cesta energética mundial, los patrones del comercio mundial de carbón están cambiando. India va a desempeñar un papel destacado en un futuro cercano a medida que la producción, el consumo y el comercio de carbón abarcan nuevas geografías en el Sur Global. Al mismo tiempo, paradójicamente, India también lidera la transición hacia las energías renovables a nivel mundial. Primero exploro esta paradoja estudiando los patrones metabólicos sociales y los factores ecológico-políticos. Sostengo que la transición energética es, de hecho, hacia más carbón a pesar de la retórica de las energías renovables. Luego estudio cómo esto se está facilitando con la creación de una nueva geografía costera, en paralelo a las geografías más antiguas del carbón. A continuación, analizo cómo se está impugnando este aumento del carbón y cómo se están configurando las protestas en regiones con poblaciones marginadas con desigualdades preexistentes. Abogo por la necesidad de justicia ambiental decolonial para desentrañar cómo interactúan las múltiples formas de violencia y se perpetúan las injusticias ambientales mediante lo que denomino violencia procesal. Finalmente, examino las múltiples formas en que se encuentran conectadas las protestas contra el carbón de todo el mundo que emplean una narrativa de justicia climática. Analizo 61 casos de resistencia y trazo tres tipos amplios de clasificaciones sobre las conexiones. Argumento que los movimientos decoloniales por la justicia climática deben apegarse a las preocupaciones locales en vez de imponer desde arriba una narrativa global, mostrando dos ejemplos de la India donde tal enfoque global hace más daño que bien al movimiento. La tesis se basa pues en métodos mixtos, está centrada en la investigación transdisciplinaria y coproducida movilizando conceptos de tres disciplinas interconectadas: ecología política, justicia ambiental y economía ecológica.
This thesis contributes to examining how and why coal continues to dominate global energy mix despite old and new socio-ecological concerns and how and why is it contested, using environment and climate justice narratives. Although coal continues to reign in the global energy mix, the patterns of global coal trade are shifting. India is primed to play a leading role in the near future as coal production, consumption and trade encompasses new geographies in the Global South. At the same time, India is also leading the transition towards renewables globally. I first explore this paradox by looking at social metabolic patterns and political ecological factors and argue that the energy transition is in-fact towards more coal despite a renewables-led rhetoric. I then explore how this is being facilitated with the creation of a new coastal geography, in parallel to the older coal geographies. This is followed by an exploration of how this rise in coal is being contested, and how are the protests being shaped in regions with marginalized populations with pre-existing inequalities. I argue for the need of decolonial environmental justice scholarship to unpack how the multiple forms of violence interact and perpetuate environmental injustices by what I term procedural violence. Finally, I examine the multiple ways in which coal protests from across the world which employ a climate justice narrative are connected. I explore 61 cases of resistance and draw three broad types of classifications about the connections. I argue for the need of decolonial climate justice movements which adheres to local concerns and doesn’t push for a global top-down narrative, by providing two examples from India where such approach does more harm than good to a movement. The thesis is based on a mixed-methods approach, focusing on transdisciplinary, co-produced research, and mobilizes concepts from the three interconnected disciplines of political ecology, environmental justice and ecological economics.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals
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Barua, Maan Singh Kharangi. "The political ecology of human-elephant relationships in India : encounters, spaces, politics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6a502560-2783-4951-a7a7-873112d758da.

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This thesis presents an examination of the political ecology of human-elephant relationships in India. Its overall aim is to revitalize the ecology that has been sifted out from the discipline. The thesis draws upon, and consequently develops, more-than-human geography through a sustained engagement of nature-society relations in a non-Western context. The thesis has three broad objectives. First, to examine what more-than-human geography’s emphasis on non-dualistic forms of agency, could contribute to understandings of policy, planning and politics in conservation. Second, to examine the spatial dimensions of human-elephant relations and the social orderings of space which influence these relationships. The third objective of the thesis is to interrogate the politics of elephant conservation through a sustained engagement with diverse modes of human-elephant encounters and the socio-political assemblages with which they are entangled. The thesis first deploys and develops the concept of ‘encounter value’ to account for the different forms of human-elephant encounters and how they contribute to the political economies of biodiversity conservation. The thesis then draws from a multi-sited ethnography examining both encounters and spaces of elephant conservation. It shows how elephants help forge connections across difference and the ways their geographies are reconfigured by global networks of conservation. The third empirical section has an implicit spatial dimension. It is concerned with writing a ‘more-than-human’ geography of landscapes, examining how humans and elephants cohabit with and against the grain of political design. Finally, the thesis examines politics as an ecology of relations, showing how human-elephant relations as well as social and political outcomes may be mediated by materials. Modes of enquiry between these papers overlap. They offer critical insights into three themes that interface between political ecology and more-than-human geography. First, the thesis contributes to conceptualizing modes of human-animal encounters in a symmetrical fashion. It explicates the role of nonhuman agency as an organizing force in political economies of conservation. Second, it posits new understandings of the spaces of animals. This is developed in two ways: landscapes as dwelt, political achievements and as fluid spaces emerging through international networks of environmental governance. Third, the thesis ecologizes politics and goes beyond the humanist frameworks of political ecology. It fosters novel conversations between more-than-human geography and the postcolonial critique of political ecology in the context of human-elephant relationships. Taken together, the thesis offers up a concerted, symmetrical and novel approach to the study people’s relations with animals.
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Tabart, Nicholas James. "Green and fairways? : the political ecology of golf /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envt112.pdf.

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Demenge, Jonathan. "The political ecology of road construction in Ladakh." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/38501/.

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This thesis explores the politics and consequences of road construction for local populations and migrant road workers in Ladakh. Through a political ecology framework, I consider road construction as the transformation of an environment in which different agents act through specific socio-political arrangements and for purposes that are socially and culturally mediated. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in remote villages and among groups of Nepali and Jharkhandi road workers in Ladakh, the thesis documents the case of the Zanskar Highway, a 292 km long trans- Himalayan road that has been under construction since the 1970s. It analyses the reasons why states build roads, nationally and more specifically in the contested landscape of Ladakh; why people want roads; how people negotiate roads and their trajectory; and what the consequences of roads and road construction are in terms of mobility, isolation, resource use, livelihoods and well-being. In the thesis, I question the roads-development nexus, and argue that the reasons why states build roads are extremely diverse and have changed over time. I argue that road construction is a highly political process determined by conflicting motivations and perceptions. I also argue that the consequences of roads are complex, often ambiguous and region-specific, and that gains and losses that occur because of roads and their construction are unequally distributed, within and between local and migrant populations. The research makes an original contribution to road studies by studying the political, socio-economic and symbolic consequences of both roads and the process of their construction for the populations that live near new roads and those who build them. It also links ex-ante with ex-post road studies by looking at what happens during the process of construction. Finally, it contributes to Ladakh studies by documenting the history of road construction in the region and providing the first study of migrants in Ladakh.
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Books on the topic "Political ecology"

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Benjaminsen, Tor A., and Hanne Svarstad. Political Ecology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56036-2.

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Leff, Enrique. Political Ecology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63325-7.

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Neumann, Roderick P. MAKING POLITICAL ECOLOGY. LONDON: HODDER ARNOLD, 2005.

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Nepal, Sanjay. Political Ecology and Tourism. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2016. | Series:: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315723471.

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Mukherjee, Jenia. Historical Urban Political Ecology. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1628-1.

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Giraldo, Omar Felipe. Political Ecology of Agriculture. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11824-2.

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1972-, Bailey Sinéad, ed. Third World political ecology. London: Routledge, 1997.

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Roussopoulos, Dimitrios. Political ecology: Beyond environmentalism. Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1994.

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Ahmed, Abubakari, and Alexandros Gasparatos. Political Ecology of Industrial Crops. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429351105.

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Calvário, Rita, Maria Kaika, and Giorgos Velegrakis. The Political Ecology of Austerity. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003036265.

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Book chapters on the topic "Political ecology"

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Watts, Michael. "Political Ecology." In A Companion to Economic Geography, 257–74. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781405166430.ch16.

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Minch, Michael. "Political Ecology." In Encyclopedia of Global Justice, 863–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9160-5_119.

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Dempsey, Jessica, and Juanita Sundberg. "Political ecology." In Introducing Human Geographies, 586–99. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265853-51.

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McCarthy, James. "Political Ecology/Economy." In The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Economic Geography, 612–25. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118384497.ch39.

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Cederlöf, Gustav, and Alex Loftus. "Virtual political ecology." In Discovering Political Ecology, 157–76. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003095521-9.

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Cederlöf, Gustav, and Alex Loftus. "Discovering political ecology." In Discovering Political Ecology, 1–17. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003095521-1.

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Benjaminsen, Tor A., and Hanne Svarstad. "Climate Change, Scarcity and Conflicts in the Sahel." In Political Ecology, 183–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56036-2_8.

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Benjaminsen, Tor A., and Hanne Svarstad. "Gender and Power: Feminist Political Ecologies." In Political Ecology, 111–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56036-2_5.

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Benjaminsen, Tor A., and Hanne Svarstad. "Population Growth, Markets and Sustainable Land-Use in Africa." In Political Ecology, 207–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56036-2_9.

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Benjaminsen, Tor A., and Hanne Svarstad. "Pastoralists and the State." In Political Ecology, 155–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56036-2_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Political ecology"

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Jin, Aighui, and Wei Wang. "Practical nature of traditional thought of political ecology and Purify political ecology within the party roundly." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ichess-19.2019.46.

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Huang, An, and Hongbang Zhang. "Four Dimensions of Benign Political Ecology Construction." In International Conference on Humanities and Social Science 2016. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/hss-26.2016.128.

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Lopez, N. "8. Feminist political ecology of agricultural changes in Myanmar." In EurSafe 2022. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-939-8_8.

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Baum, Josef. "Towards a Global Ad Tax – Advertisement in a Political Economy and Political Ecology Framework." In ISIS Summit Vienna 2015—The Information Society at the Crossroads. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/isis-summit-vienna-2015-s3042.

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Elyta, Elyta, and Ishaq Rahman. "Overcoming the Forest Fire in West Kalimantan: A Political Ecology Approach." In International Conference on Environmental Awareness for Sustainable Development in conjunction with International Conference on Challenge and Opportunities Sustainable Environmental Development, ICEASD & ICCOSED 2019, 1-2 April 2019, Kendari, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.1-4-2019.2287273.

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Ping, Zhou, and Jiang Wei. "The Construction of Political Ecology on the horizon of Ruling of law." In 2015 Joint International Social Science, Education, Language, Management and Business Conference. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jisem-15.2015.37.

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Adela, Fernanda Putra, Adil Arifin, and Mr Selwendri. "Disasters And Political Ecology: The Case Of Flood In Tahura Bukit Barisan Zone." In 1st International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icosop-16.2017.66.

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Lana, Luca. "Queer Terrain: Architecture of Queer Ecology." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4016p5dw3.

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This paper seeks to ally the interdisciplinary frameworks offered by ‘Queer Ecology’ with an architectural inquiry to expand both fields. Queer theory alone offers scant discussions of material and architectural practices, while environmental discourse in architecture fails to address its role in ecological and social-political violence. A clothing-optional / cruising beach in rural Victoria, Sandy Beach also known as Somers Beach, exemplifies how the queer body’s navigation of space responds to complex ecological, urban, and social conditions. A queering of architectural definitions allows this site to be researched as a historically significant urban/architectural site of social and environmental value. It is suggested that the subtle yet complex practices of site transformations enacted through occupation are an architecture of environmental connective possibility. ‘Queered’ corporeality orientates the body and material practices towards assemblages where boundaries between humans and nature are transgressed, ultimately constituting a ‘queer ecological architecture’
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McGinnis, Michael Vincent. "The Political Ecology of the Offshore Oil Platform Rig-to-Reef Policy Debate." In California and the World Ocean 2002. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40761(175)47.

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Raab, Peter S. "An Ecology of Innovation: Adapt, Reuse and Reimagine." In 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.46.

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This paper questions the role of ecology through the design of three small, but impactful projects from different political and bioclimatic regions in North America. An adobe home in the Sonoran desert ofMexico, a rope pavilion in the Texas hill country, and an ice hut in Manitoba, Canada. Each of these investigations reveal site-specific ecologies to determine interventions rooted in local cultural and biological systems. The three solutions probe dis-global networks using unique environmental foci in the hopes of transferring knowledge of how ecology, architectural design and material construction may deal with the abstract nature of ecology in tangible terms. These diverse, ecologically sensitive and material specific solutions belie the premise of singular solutions for all ecologies, but insist on sharing singular explorations employed to fully nest design ideations within the local environs by balancing culture, site, ecological and programmatic issues.
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Reports on the topic "Political ecology"

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Romanchuk, Viktoriya, and Oleh Romanchuk. Екологічні загрози і національна безпека України. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11722.

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Today, we are more likely to speak and write about the more progressive destruction of land biosphere as a result of irrational economic activities of mankind – the replacement of traditional natural ecosystems by anthropogenic systems (techno-, urban- and agro-systems), discuss the harmonization of the interaction of society and nature, talk about growing socio-political tension and instability on the planet. However, it is not just about understanding the effects of environmental civilization, but also awareness of the psychological and socioeconomic consequences of the brutal destruction of the biosphere, finding ways and means of solving the tasks associated with the ecological crisis, which has already entered the geopolitical level – during the last years there is carried out an intensive research on the effects of the crisis in the biosphere on the system of national interests and state security. The war waged by the Russian Federation against Ukraine is causing serious environmental damage to the Ukrainian state. Combat operations spoil the air, pollute water bodies, destroy forests and unique ecosystems, destroy crops and, in the long run, can cause colossal damage to the ecosystem of the whole Eastern Europe, and shorten the lives of Ukrainians. Key words: biosphere, ecosystem, evolution, ecology, civilization, the Russian-Ukrainian war, safety, problem, ecology.
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Hecht, Susanne B. The Natures of Progress: Land Use Dynamics and Forest Trends in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008989.

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Catastrophic deforestation and environmental degradation have become habits of thought about forest landscapes in Latin America's tropics. Yet these truisms blind analysts to three surprising changes. First, deforestation has slowed dramatically. Next, forest resurgence-largely a function of natural regeneration-is widely documented throughout the region on previously deforested lands. Finally, the importance of tree systems and complex environmental mosaics in working landscapes to produce livelihoods and environmental services and as supporting matrices for conservation is increasingly recognized. These dynamics over the last decade would have been unimaginable in the 1980s, the period that most shaped Euro-American perceptions of tropical forest trends. Deforestation "hot spots", each with a different political ecology, remain and command attention, but it is important to recognize that platforms for alternatives exist. Latin America has become an innovator in tropical environmental policy, institutions, incentives, and practices that support forested landscapes. These dynamics and other related issues will be further elucidated in this document.
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3

Pédarros, Élie, Jeremy Allouche, Matiwos Bekele Oma, Priscilla Duboz, Amadou Hamath Diallo, Habtemariam Kassa, Chloé Laloi, et al. The Great Green Wall as a Social-Technical Imaginary. Institute of Development Studies, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.017.

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The Great Green Wall for the Sahara and the Sahel Initiative (GGWI), launched in 2007 by the African Union, is one of Africa’s most important green transformation projects. From a pan-African environmental movement to a mosaic of locally managed projects to its considerable funding from the international community, the GGWI is now seen as a ‘megaproject’. While this megaproject has been primarily studied along the lines of political ecology and critical development studies, both showing the material limits and effectiveness of the initiative, its impact on the ground remains important in that the Sahelian landscape is shaped by donor and development actors’ discourses and imaginaries. The conceptual debates around the notion of ‘future’ thus make it possible to capture and facilitate the emergence of endogenous practices and environmental knowledge which involve the population, their history, and their culture using specific methods. By implementing the relationship formulated by Jacques Lacan between symbolic, reality and imaginary, this project will make it possible to approach the GGWI project as a social-technical imaginary while considering the complex social-ecological processes that this project involves.
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Naess, Lars Otto, Jan Selby, and Gabrielle Daoust. Climate Resilience and Social Assistance in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Settings. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.002.

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This paper aims to improve our understanding of the nature, causes, and multiple dimensions of how social assistance may address climate vulnerability and resilience within fragile and conflict-affected settings (FCAS), as part of the inception phase of the Better Assistance in Crises (BASIC) Research programme. Over recent years, social assistance, such as cash transfers and voucher programmes, has been seen as a way of reducing the impacts of climate-related shocks and stressors, and of increasing the resilience of recipient households and communities. It has also been seen as a mechanism for delivering adaptation funding, showing promise in tackling short-term shocks as well as longer-term adaptation to climate change. Yet despite FCAS hosting some of the most vulnerable populations in the world, so far there has been little attention to these settings. We examine the linkages between social assistance and climate resilience in FCAS and in turn, implications for BASIC Research. Specifically, we ask what the evidence is on whether existing approaches to social assistance are appropriate to reducing climate vulnerabilities and building climate resilience in FCAS, and, if not, how they might be reformed. We address this through three sub-questions. First, what are the major conceptual discussions on climate resilience and social assistance, and what is the extent of work in FCAS? This is addressed in section 2.1, based on an extensive literature review. Second, to what extent does the literature on social assistance and climate resilience apply to the particular concerns of FCAS? This is covered in section 2.2, based on a framework informed by work in political economy and political ecology. Third, what are possible future research directions? We conclude with reflections on what BASIC Research may contribute in section 3.
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Mayfield, Colin. Higher Education in the Water Sector: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/guxy9244.

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Higher education related to water is a critical component of capacity development necessary to support countries’ progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) overall, and towards the SDG6 water and sanitation goal in particular. Although the precise number is unknown, there are at least 28,000 higher education institutions in the world. The actual number is likely higher and constantly changing. Water education programmes are very diverse and complex and can include components of engineering, biology, chemistry, physics, hydrology, hydrogeology, ecology, geography, earth sciences, public health, sociology, law, and political sciences, to mention a few areas. In addition, various levels of qualifications are offered, ranging from certificate, diploma, baccalaureate, to the master’s and doctorate (or equivalent) levels. The percentage of universities offering programmes in ‘water’ ranges from 40% in the USA and Europe to 1% in subSaharan Africa. There are no specific data sets available for the extent or quality of teaching ‘water’ in universities. Consequently, insights on this have to be drawn or inferred from data sources on overall research and teaching excellence such as Scopus, the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, the Times Higher Education, the Ranking Web of Universities, the Our World in Data website and the UN Statistics Division data. Using a combination of measures of research excellence in water resources and related topics, and overall rankings of university teaching excellence, universities with representation in both categories were identified. Very few universities are represented in both categories. Countries that have at least three universities in the list of the top 50 include USA, Australia, China, UK, Netherlands and Canada. There are universities that have excellent reputations for both teaching excellence and for excellent and diverse research activities in water-related topics. They are mainly in the USA, Europe, Australia and China. Other universities scored well on research in water resources but did not in teaching excellence. The approach proposed in this report has potential to guide the development of comprehensive programmes in water. No specific comparative data on the quality of teaching in water-related topics has been identified. This report further shows the variety of pathways which most water education programmes are associated with or built in – through science, technology and engineering post-secondary and professional education systems. The multitude of possible institutions and pathways to acquire a qualification in water means that a better ‘roadmap’ is needed to chart the programmes. A global database with details on programme curricula, qualifications offered, duration, prerequisites, cost, transfer opportunities and other programme parameters would be ideal for this purpose, showing country-level, regional and global search capabilities. Cooperation between institutions in preparing or presenting water programmes is currently rather limited. Regional consortia of institutions may facilitate cooperation. A similar process could be used for technical and vocational education and training, although a more local approach would be better since conditions, regulations and technologies vary between relatively small areas. Finally, this report examines various factors affecting the future availability of water professionals. This includes the availability of suitable education and training programmes, choices that students make to pursue different areas of study, employment prospects, increasing gender equity, costs of education, and students’ and graduates’ mobility, especially between developing and developed countries. This report aims to inform and open a conversation with educators and administrators in higher education especially those engaged in water education or preparing to enter that field. It will also benefit students intending to enter the water resources field, professionals seeking an overview of educational activities for continuing education on water and government officials and politicians responsible for educational activities
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Summit of the Americas: The IDB Agenda to Support the Mandates of the Summits of Quebec and Nuevo León: Activities and Strategic Programs. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006538.

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During the Hemispheric Summit that took place in Quebec, Canada, in April 2001, the Inter-American Development Bank presented a set of 22 strategic programs intended to contribute to meeting the mandates that stem from the Summits of the Americas and the commitments that are part of the Plan of Action adopted in Quebec. Since then, the IDB has carried out intensive and complex financial and technical activities in the context of those 22 strategic programs. The programs fall into five areas that summarize the mandates adopted by the Heads of State and Government of the Americas, namely: democratic governance and political development; integration and economic development; ecology and sustainable development; equity and human development; and connectivity and technological development. During the Special Summit in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico (January 2004), the IDB presented a report summarizing achievements made since 2001 with respect to the programs presented in Quebec. In addition, the Declaration of Nuevo León establishes new mandates.
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