Relevant bibliographies by topics / Political decentralization, policy formation

Academic literature on the topic 'Political decentralization, policy formation'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Political decentralization, policy formation"

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Hoesein, Zaenal Arifin, Arifudin Arifudin, and Susi Dian Rahayu. "The Effectiveness of Decentralization Policy in Local Government Administration." Jurnal Akta 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v9i2.23544.

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Article 18 paragraph (2) and paragraph (5) of the 1945 Constitution stipulates that the Regional Government is authorized to regulate and manage its own government affairs according to the principles of autonomy and co-administration and is granted the widest possible autonomy. The granting of the widest possible autonomy to regions is directed at accelerating the realization of community welfare through service improvement, empowerment, and community participation. Regional formation is basically intended to improve public services in order to accelerate the realization of community welfare as well as as a means of political education at the local level. For this reason, the formation of a region must take into account various factors such as economic capacity, regional potential, area, population, and considerations from socio-political, socio-cultural, defense and security aspects, as well as other considerations and conditions that enable the region to organize and realize the objectives of the establishment. By using descriptive analytical research method the results of this research are decentralization is the delegation of government power from the central government to regions to manage their own households, or regions are given autonomy to become autonomous regions. Decentralization is intended to give authority from the state government to local governments to regulate and manage certain affairs as their own household affairs. Therefore, the birth of Act No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, especially the essence of decentralization, is basically in the framework of accelerating the distribution of community welfare, especially in the regions.
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Béland, Daniel, and André Lecours. "Federalism, policy change, and social security in Belgium: Explaining the decentralization of family allowances in the Sixth State Reform." Journal of European Social Policy 28, no. 1 (June 22, 2017): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928717700563.

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The debate on social policy change is not only about the evolving nature of social benefits but also about change in their territorial organization. This territorial issue is central in Belgium. In 2011, the Sixth State Reform featured the decentralization of family allowances, a component of social security. This article explains why such decentralization occurred in Belgium despite the fact that Francophone parties, which effectively have veto power over constitutional reform, had long insisted that no portion of social security would ever be transferred to the constituent units. We argue that increasing political pressure generated by the surge of the Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie (N-VA) in the context of the government formation crises altered how Francophone parties assessed both the national unity situation and their own political interests. The article also discusses the policy and political implications of the decentralization of family allowances in Belgium.
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Teremetskyi, V., K. Solyannik, K. Zakomorna, O. Poproshaieva, and Ya Yakovchuk. "FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION OF UKRAINE: SEARCH FOR NEW APPROACHES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 2, no. 37 (April 30, 2021): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v2i37.229957.

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Abstract. Specific features of fiscal decentralization as a component of decentralization in Ukraine have been analyzed in this article. It is demonstrated that fiscal decentralization is politically necessary reform for Ukraine, which directly impacts on the formation and implementation of state and regional policy, harmonized actions of central and local authorities, creating a new format of the balance of relationship among the state and local authorities, stabilization and stability of economic processes in Ukraine, efficiency provision of public services, elimination of macroeconomic instability and acceleration of economic growth. The ways of improving this process are outlined. Although the process of fiscal decentralization in Ukraine has not been completed it is concluded about its inefficiency that leads to nsufficient effectiveness of reforming the budgetary and tax system, inter-budgetary relations and decorativeness of most measures implemented in the direction of fiscal decentralization. It has been noted that the process of fiscal decentralization in Ukraine should have its implementation strategy, which can determine the main points, can analyze the problems and can search for possible solutions or the ways of mitigation. Key points of such a strategy should be: an adequate political and institutional environment, improvement of the administration quality, close relations of local authorities with the population and formation of effective communication channels; strengthening the responsibility of local self-government agencies to the community (local accountability and transparency, reduction of corruption); fight against corruption, the «horizontal» and «vertical» growth of the budget competition; ensuring the financial independence of local self-government agencies in decision-making; stimulating local self-government agencies to increase their own budget potential, establishing proper access for the development of investment activity. It has been emphasized that the existence of concrete steps of implementing fiscal decentralization in Ukraine will help to strengthen local political and institutional capacities. Keywords: decentralization, fiscal decentralization, local self-government, taxation, budget. JEL Classification Н50, H72, H77 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 33.
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Vavilov, A. N. "On the Political Aspects of Development of the System of State and Municipal Management in Ukraine." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 14, no. 5 (November 7, 2021): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-5-7.

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The article examines the history of the formation and reform of the system of state and municipal administration in Ukraine. In the conditions when the socio-political space of Ukraine is characterized by pronounced regionalism, and the issue of transition to a federal state system is excluded from the real political agenda, the nature of the development of the system of state and municipal administration can serve as a reflection of the ratio of centrifugal and centripetal trends in the internal political development of Ukraine. The article presents an analysis of the factors of internal political development of Ukraine that most influenced the formation of a centralized system of territorial administration in the country in the post- Soviet period and predetermined the weakness of local self-government, as well as the reasons for the failure of several attempts at reforms. Special attention is paid to the implementation of the decentralization policy after 2014. The article reveals the connection of the concept of modern administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine with the settlement process in the Donbas, as well as with the approaches in Western political science, according to which decentralization is considered as a tool for neutralizing the political potential of regionalism and countering regional separatism. The results and political orientation of decentralization in the context of the acute socio- economic crisis in Ukraine are evaluated.
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Prantama, Muhammad Barqah. "The Aspects of Policy Determination in the Formation of Autonomous Regions in Indonesia." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no. 9 (September 4, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i9.2987.

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This article examines the aspects that are determined in the formation of autonomous regions in Indonesia. As a country that adheres to the principle of decentralization, the policy of establishing an autonomous region is important and urgent in the context of the welfare of the people. The research method used in this article uses a literature search study. The results of the research are aspects used in the formation of autonomous regions are population criteria, economic capability criteria, regional potential criteria, financial capability criteria, socio-cultural criteria, socio-political criteria, area, defense and security, community welfare level, and span of control.
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Gordienko, V., M. Onischenko, and I. Malionkina. "FOREIGN DECENTRALIZATION EXPERIENCE OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS TRANSFORMATION IN UKRAINE." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 3 (2019): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2019.3-11.

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The article is devoted to urgent issues of reforming local self-government. It has been proved that decentralization of public authority is a mechanism that ensures sustainable development of the regions of the state on the basis of legislatively regulated processes of transfer of functions, authority and budgets of central executive bodies to local self-government bodies. The peculiarities in process of decentralization of power and reform of local self-government in Ukraine have been analyzed. As a result, we have some positive tendencies of the implementation this reform and some problems as well. The main ones are: the inconsistency of local policy about socio-economic development with real interests of territorial communities; lack of joint and several liability for development of the territory; inconsistency of sectoral decentralization with the real interests of territorial communities; regulation in rights of ownership of the territorial community for property, etc. The classical models of organization of local self-government and decentralization of public authority in foreign countries have been reviewed. They were: Anglo-Saxon, Continental and mixed ones. The dynamics of decentralization of public authority in Poland were examined and it was proved that this reform contributed to the formation of private property in state, development of democracy, creation of effective political institutions, increase of resource base of local self-government bodies, the protection of individual rights, development of civil and political freedom. The basic conditions for implementation the reform of decentralization of public authority have been defined, such as: consolidation of political forces in implementation the reform; permanent in creating socio-economic programs of development the administrative and territorial units; public support and control over reform. Keywords: decentralization, local self-government bodies, a reform, foreign experience of decentralization of public authority, administrative-territorial division.
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VARNALII ZAKHARII, VARNALII ZAKHARII, LIUDMYLA DEMYDENKO, YULIIA NAKONECHNA, and NATALIIA MIEDVIEDKOVA. "LESSONS FROM FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION IN UKRAINE." Globalization and Business 4, no. 7 (June 25, 2019): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35945/gb.2019.07.009.

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In order to build an effective model of management of budget funds, it is important to ensure the constant and systematic disclosure of information on the accumulation of financial resources of the state and local budgets and the directions for their use. The first results of the process of fiscal decentralization in Ukraine are considered, which is accompanied by changes in the budget and tax legislation. Specifics of the formation of tax revenues of budgets of joint territorial communities are outlined. The state of disclosure of budget documents by the amalgamated territorial communities is highlighted and the need for coordination of the authorities in this area is indicated. Understanding citizens› spending processes in the public sector can significantly increase confidence in state institutions, provide conditions for the implementation of necessary reforms in all-important areas of the country. In the context of the fiscal decentralization reform launched in 2015, the issue of transparency of financial information at the local level in Ukraine is raised, as significant amounts of financial resources are transferred to local budgets. Strengthening the focus on local government action on effective management of budget funds should be a priority for public organizations and political parties. The implementation of the state policy aimed at increasing transparency and openness in the management of financial resources in the public sector will ensure the tangible results in the social and economic spheres that will be obtained by the citizens of the communities.
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VARNALII ZAKHARII, VARNALII ZAKHARII, LIUDMYLA DEMYDENKO, YULIIA NAKONECHNA, and NATALIIA MIEDVIEDKOVA. "LESSONS FROM FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION IN UKRAINE." Globalization and Business 4, no. 7 (June 25, 2019): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35945/gb.2019.07.009.

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In order to build an effective model of management of budget funds, it is important to ensure the constant and systematic disclosure of information on the accumulation of financial resources of the state and local budgets and the directions for their use. The first results of the process of fiscal decentralization in Ukraine are considered, which is accompanied by changes in the budget and tax legislation. Specifics of the formation of tax revenues of budgets of joint territorial communities are outlined. The state of disclosure of budget documents by the amalgamated territorial communities is highlighted and the need for coordination of the authorities in this area is indicated. Understanding citizens› spending processes in the public sector can significantly increase confidence in state institutions, provide conditions for the implementation of necessary reforms in all-important areas of the country. In the context of the fiscal decentralization reform launched in 2015, the issue of transparency of financial information at the local level in Ukraine is raised, as significant amounts of financial resources are transferred to local budgets. Strengthening the focus on local government action on effective management of budget funds should be a priority for public organizations and political parties. The implementation of the state policy aimed at increasing transparency and openness in the management of financial resources in the public sector will ensure the tangible results in the social and economic spheres that will be obtained by the citizens of the communities.
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Nezhyva, Olga. "Modernization of educational policy in the context of modern civilization processes." International Scientific Journal of Universities and Leadership, no. 1(9) (August 7, 2020): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2520-6702-2020-9-1-78-86.

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The article is devoted to the study of the modernization of educational policy in the context of modern civilization processes. The author considers the main features of the educational policy modernization process in the article. Based on the publications and studies of domestic and foreign scientists, the following features were identified: firstly, there is a high level of knowledge pragmatization. An important criterion for the quality and effectiveness of knowledge acquired in education is the ability to sell this knowledge. Secondly, the growing dependence of education on a wide range of socio-political and economic institutions, recalls the phenomenon of "enslavement" of the university by the market, and, in turn, entails the intervention of politicians and businessmen in science and education. Thirdly, the vast majority of researchers note the civilizational and cultural monopolies of Western countries, primarily the United States. The article finds that decentralization, deconcentration, democratization and liberalization imply the proliferation of educational policy actors. Education policy should refrain from monosubjectivity and become polysubjective. To do this, it must be based not only on state, but also on public mechanisms for regulating activities, create and maintain a favorable environment for the existence and functioning of alternatives, which is a necessary condition for free educational interaction and understanding of education as a practice of freedom. This study is the first systematic analysis of the phenomenon of educational policy in the modern civilization process, which is based on the basic principles of decentralization and liberalization of education at all levels, the formation of nonlinear thinking of teachers, improving the efficiency of education, improving education. The use of the obtained results can be further used in the development and formation of state educational policy in Ukraine. Because, the principles of effective Ukrainian educational policy of the future are offered.
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Gambles, Anna. "Free Trade and State Formation: The Political Economy of Fisheries Policy in Britain and the United Kingdom circa 1780–1850." Journal of British Studies 39, no. 3 (July 2000): 288–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386221.

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It is striking that historians of the early nineteenth century have been relatively reluctant to consider relationships between economic policy and the consolidation of the British state. In today's context, the economic and political challenges posed by both European integration and resurgent nationalism have generated hotly contested controversies on the political economy of state formation. From the perspective of the United Kingdom, the prospect of political and administrative devolution has forced us to address the implications of political decentralization for regional economic development (and vice versa) and to consider in turn the impact of these dynamics on the political integrity of a multinational state. For Britain, the period between circa 1780 and 1850 was characterized by unprecedented economic growth, imperial crisis and acquisition, and political consolidation. In a metropolitan sense the most dramatic feature of this process was, of course, the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1800. Insofar as historians of early nineteenth-century Britain have examined the relationship between “state formation” and economic policy, however, they have tended to focus on the ideas, politics, and pressures surrounding the retreat of the state from economic intervention. Thus in more general accounts it became axiomatic that the nineteenth-century state shrank progressively from social and economic intervention, liberating commerce, and resting the fiscal system on secure but modest direct taxation.More recently, the relationship between the concept of “laissez-faire” and British state formation has been dramatically revised and refined by Philip Harling and Peter Mandler.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Political decentralization, policy formation"

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Nihoul, Gaëtane. "Policy formation in the European Union : the case of education policy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312553.

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Schmidt, Gregory D. "State, society, and the policy process planning, decentralization, and public investment in Peru, 1956-1980 /." [Ithaca, N.Y.] : Latin American Studies Program, Cornell University, 1987. http://books.google.com/books?id=FNhWAAAAMAAJ.

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Martini, Nicholas Fred. "The role of ideology in foreign policy attitude formation." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3347.

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I examine the formation of a "foreign policy" ideology and how it shapes the preferences and decisions of individuals during foreign policy events. Following from earlier research on the structure of a foreign policy ideology, two dimensions are identified as important determinants of individual preferences: a militant dimension and a cooperative dimension. To understand the determinants of an individual's ideology, a bottom-up, value driven approach is employed that explores influences that are both psychological (values, beliefs, traits) and sociological (groups, environment). As to the impact of ideology on preferences, I explore how ideology influences preferences in the context of support for military intervention, leader evaluation during times of war, and casualty tolerance. Beyond simply shaping preferences, one novel aspect of my research is exploring if ideology can modify the impact of external stimuli, such as elite cues and environmental context, on individual preferences. Following from research on "motivated reasoning" my theory argues that ideology colors the way new information is interpreted and accepted. In essence, ideology can filter the influence exerted by partisan/elite cues and environmental context (i.e. casualties, mission purpose).
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Ding, Xiaojiong, and 丁笑炯. "Policy metamorphosis in China: a case study of minban education in Shanghai." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37392323.

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Meng, Ke. "Political institutions, skill formation, and pension policy : the political-economic logic of China's pension system." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4fd792f6-3b4a-46e0-9566-582de50e7106.

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A central theme in the comparative political economy of the welfare state is the complementaries between political institutions, social policy, and labour markets. Yet little has been written to uncover this political-economic nexus in China, the world’s second largest economy. This thesis partly addresses this gap by studying the country’s public pension arrangement, the most expensive component of the Chinese welfare state. It reveals the working of the political-economic nexus in contemporary China by showing how it leads to two puzzling characteristics of the Chinese pension system, namely the rapid expansion in the absence of electoral pressures and the persistent regional fragmentation despite an authoritarian central government. It argues that the decentralised authoritarianism, in which China’s authoritarian central state delegates to regional governments and motivates them to achieve its developmental goals, drives municipal authorities to compete with each other in generating economic growth. In the inter-municipal economic competition, local leaders adopt an expansionary yet localising pension policy. This facilitates the formation of specific industrial skills, which are productive for particular local industries, and the retention of skilled industrial workers. All of this is important to local economic development in a context of industrial upgrading and labour market tightening. It is argued this is the political-economic logic of China’s pension system.
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Bowen, Jonathan Mark. "Labour Left policy formation and Labour Party politics in Britain, 1931-1940." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387505.

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Sun, Meng. "Formation and political consequence of environmental enforcement policy : evidence from the US industries." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29562.

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This thesis investigates the determinants and political consequences of environmental enforcement policy. Three related issues are addressed using the U.S. manufacturing data at the industry level. In Chapter Two, I estimate the elasticity of the violation rate with respect to the inspection rate for the manufacturing industries. This elasticity reflects the power of monitoring to alter an industry's violation status. I conduct an estimation of the relationship between the violation rate and the inspection rate at the industry level, but the specification is based on an individual firm's dichotomous choice in a logit model. The inspection rate is instrumented with the average of the inspection rates across the other industries that belong to the same sector to deal with the endogeneity problem. I find a substantial variation in the elasticity of the violation rate across industries. Chapter Three addresses how the inspection rate is determined by the elasticity of the violation rate when the enforcement agency is constrained with a hard monitoring budget. Given the limited monitoring resources, an enforcement agency targets industries where inspections are more likely to be effective in reducing violations to reduce inefficiency, all else equal. Empirical results confirm the positive effect from the absolute elasticity on the inspection rate. But the magnitude of this effect is conditional on the pollutants' damage level to the environment. In Chapter Four, I focus on the political consequence of the enforcement policy. I employ the campaign contribution presented to the Congress exclusively for environmental issues (EPC) to measure the environmental political activity. The variation of EPC across industries is explained by the enforcement policy stringency. Although the EPC presented to the Congress is targeted directly on environmental regulation rather than the enforcement policy, a stricter enforcement policy increases the marginal benefit from contributing the congress for relaxing the regulation. Empirically, I use the elasticity of the violation rate to isolate the effect of the enforcement policy on EPC. An industry with a larger elasticity of the violation rate is more likely to face a higher inspection rate, it therefore is more likely to engage in the political activity.
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Wieschhoff, K. Harry. "The salience of economics in the formation of United Kingdom foreign policy : the Persian Gulf, 1945-1955." Thesis, University of Essex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278642.

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Carrier, Joseph J. "Police training and public policy : the formation and implementation of Peace Officer training in Missouri /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3012954.

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Akinyemi, Mathilda Chinyere. "Origins, articulations and continuities in foreign policy and foreign policy formation : the case of civilian and military governments in Nigeria 1960-1990 with special reference to South Africa." Thesis, University of Kent, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385625.

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Books on the topic "Political decentralization, policy formation"

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H, Riker William, ed. Agenda formation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993.

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Regional development and decentralization policy in South Korea. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1997.

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Fisman, Raymond. Decentralization and corruption: Evidence across countries. Washington, DC (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433): World Bank, Development Research Group, Macroeconomics and Growth, 2000.

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Michael, Bruno. Economic analysis and the political economy of policy formation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.

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Murshed, Syed Mansoob. Conditionality and endogenous policy formation in a political setting. Helsinki: United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2001.

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Efraim, Sadka, and Suwankiri Benjarong, eds. Migration and the welfare state: Political-economy policy formation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011.

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Bel, Maïten, and Louis Dubouchet. Décentralisation de la formation professionnelle: Un processus en voie d'achèvement? La Tour d'Aigues: Aube, 2004.

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Zampetti, Pier Luigi. La sovranità della famiglia e lo Stato delle autonomie: Un nuovo modello di sviluppo. Milano: Rusconi, 1996.

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Adrey, Jean-Bernard. Discourse and struggle in minority language policy formation: Corsican language policy in the EU context of governance. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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Discourse and struggle in minority language policy formation: Corsican language policy in the EU context of governance. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Political decentralization, policy formation"

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Terao, Tadayoshi. "Democratization, Decentralization and Environmental Policy in Taiwan: Political Economy of Environmental Policy Formation and Implementation." In Development of Environmental Policy in Japan and Asian Countries, 227–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230624931_10.

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Mitra, Dana L. "Policy Formation." In Educational Change and the Political Process, 194–206. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003212294-14.

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Qian, Jiwei. "Policy Implementation in the Decentralization Welfare Regime." In The Political Economy of Making and Implementing Social Policy in China, 49–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5025-3_3.

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Schneider, Eberhard. "Formation of the New Russian Political Elite." In Handbook of Global Political Policy, 359–75. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429272004-19.

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Gray, Mark. "Recent Industry Participation in UK Fisheries Policy: Decentralization or Political Expediency?" In The Politics of Fishing, 116–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26775-0_8.

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Fischer, Manuel, and Denise Traber. "Coalition Formation in Parliament and during the Policy Process." In Political Decision-Making in Switzerland, 120–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137508607_6.

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Holsti, Ole. "CHAPTER TWO. Foreign Policy Formation Viewed Cognitively." In Structure of Decision: The Cognitive Maps of Political Elites, edited by Robert Axelrod, 18–54. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400871957-005.

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Adrey, Jean-Bernard. "Unity and Diversity in Corsica: Patterns of Identity and Political Separatism." In Discourse and Struggle in Minority Language Policy Formation, 142–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230583986_6.

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Hornung, Johanna. "Political Institutions and Public Policy." In International Series on Public Policy, 67–111. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05774-8_3.

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AbstractIn order to shed light on this missing link between programmatic action and political institutions, this chapter reviews how institutions are currently discussed in policy process research in order to derive hypotheses that may explain under which institutional conditions programmatic action should or should not take place. The goal of this overview of the state of the art is twofold. On the one hand, it serves to assess the contribution of the PAF to existing theories of the policy process and the understanding of institutions in it. In doing so, it becomes clear why a new theoretical lens is needed and where and why the PAF is able to fill gaps left by others. On the other hand, the established approaches to explaining policy change and stability with respect to policy processes contain assumptions and hypotheses about the role of institutions that can be integrated into the PAF and help sharpen the analytical power of a look at the institutional conditions for programmatic action. They do this by formulating mechanisms between theoretical concepts that can also be adapted, or at least assumed to be relevant, to the formation of programmatic groups and the success of the group and its program. At the very least, they lay the groundwork for the question that asks about the influence of institutional settings familiar in comparative politics on policy change.
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Tálas, Barna. "Formation and Announcement ot the Reform and Opening Policy (1978–1979)." In Economic Reforms and Political Attempts in China 1979–1989, 61–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46749-3_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Political decentralization, policy formation"

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Smolík, Josef. "Vznik krajské samosprávy a regionální politiky v České republice." In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-8.

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The presented article focuses on the characteristics, origin and development of the establishment of regions in the Czech Republic. The basis discussions concerning decentralization, self-government and regional self-government establishment in the Czech Republic and the basis characteristics of territorial self-government units will be described. The article also introduces selected political concepts from the course of the 1990s, which focused on the formation of higher territorial units. Legislative documents and issues that are in the competence of individual regional self-governments will also be discussed. An important agenda of individual regional councils is also regional policy, which will be presented and described in more detail. The aim of the article is to present the process of the establishment of regions in the Czech Republic and the competences of regions in the field of regional policy. It is a case study, which was carried out on the basis of relevant literature and data from the Czech Statistical Office. The main finding of the article is the analysis of individual processes that led to the emergence of regions in the Czech Republic on the basis of the ideas of individual political parties on the issue of regional establishment and on the establishment of regional policy.
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2

Putra, Eka Vidya. "Institutional Organizations In The Decentralization Policy: NGO Organization Cases In Local Level Of West Sumatera." In Third International Conference on Social and Political Sciences (ICSPS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icsps-17.2018.72.

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Nasution, Muhammad Arifin, Muryanto Amin, and Hatta Ridho. "Study On A Decentralization Policy In Indonesia: A Case Study On The Implementation Of Integrated Administrative Service On District Level Of Medan City." In 1st International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icosop-16.2017.71.

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Tamrin, Dr. "Model Policy Allocation Of Village Fund Assistance To Integrate Value Of Lokal Values In The Implementation Of Decentralization On Lokal Politics In The Pariaman City." In 2nd International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icosop-17.2018.68.

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Lushahina, Tetiana, Natalia Hromadska, and Svitlana Matviіenkiv. "Formation of Community Security Policy in the Conditions of Decentralization as a Component of National Security of Ukraine." In International Conference on Social Science, Psychology and Legal Regulation (SPL 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211218.013.

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Chen, Fengqing. "The Influence of Western Han Frontier Political Policy on the Formation of the Silk Road." In 2022 International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities and Arts (SSHA 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220401.158.

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Volkova, Tatiana, Tatiana Volkova, Vera Minenkova, Vera Minenkova, Denis Dony, Denis Dony, Anatoly Filobok, Anatoly Filobok, Diana Pinchuk, and Diana Pinchuk. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FORMATION AND REALIZATION OF THE TRANSBOUNDARY NATURAL MANAGEMENT POLICY IN AZOV-BLACK SEA BASIN." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9427677c65.26790752.

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The states of the Azov-Black sea basin make an active usage of different transboundary resources, first of all, natural, spatial and anthropogenic for personal use that mostly come into collision with the global purposes of the steady region development. Rather unsteady environment is being formed in the given region when the interference of the inner and outer negative factors of social, economic, anthropogenic political and ecological development occurs. All that leads to the formation of the complex problems demanding urgent solution. For the benefit of the production of recommendations for the effective realization of the state policy of transboundary natural management and finding out strong and weak points, opportunities and threats the SWOT analysis of the factors influencing the realization of the transboundary natural management policy in the Azov –Black sea basin has been performed. Currently the determining role in the formation and realization of transboundary natural management policy is being played by the political factors including geopolitical unsteadiness, absence of agreement in decisions taking and unpredictability of the tendency of international sanctions establishment. In this case on the one hand environmental policy is a “victim” of the political ambitions of the states of the region, on the other hand – it is able to act as consolidating factor for the countries realizing the necessity of solving the problem of the steady natural management facing the common ecologic threats.
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Volkova, Tatiana, Tatiana Volkova, Vera Minenkova, Vera Minenkova, Denis Dony, Denis Dony, Anatoly Filobok, Anatoly Filobok, Diana Pinchuk, and Diana Pinchuk. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FORMATION AND REALIZATION OF THE TRANSBOUNDARY NATURAL MANAGEMENT POLICY IN AZOV-BLACK SEA BASIN." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b43157a814f.

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The states of the Azov-Black sea basin make an active usage of different transboundary resources, first of all, natural, spatial and anthropogenic for personal use that mostly come into collision with the global purposes of the steady region development. Rather unsteady environment is being formed in the given region when the interference of the inner and outer negative factors of social, economic, anthropogenic political and ecological development occurs. All that leads to the formation of the complex problems demanding urgent solution. For the benefit of the production of recommendations for the effective realization of the state policy of transboundary natural management and finding out strong and weak points, opportunities and threats the SWOT analysis of the factors influencing the realization of the transboundary natural management policy in the Azov –Black sea basin has been performed. Currently the determining role in the formation and realization of transboundary natural management policy is being played by the political factors including geopolitical unsteadiness, absence of agreement in decisions taking and unpredictability of the tendency of international sanctions establishment. In this case on the one hand environmental policy is a “victim” of the political ambitions of the states of the region, on the other hand – it is able to act as consolidating factor for the countries realizing the necessity of solving the problem of the steady natural management facing the common ecologic threats.
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Tsyrempilova, Viktoria. "Policy of Reform and Openness of China and Strategy “One Belt, One Road”." In Irkutsk Historical and Economic Yearbook 2020. Baikal State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/978-5-7253-3017-5.46.

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One of the mechanisms of policy of reform and openness is economic strategy «One belt, One road», which with other projects unite many countries. The article examines political changes that influence on modern social-economic development of China, also the formation of strategy of «One belt, One road» strategy.
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Shurekova, Ksenia. "POLITICAL AND LEGAL VIEWS OF A.F. KERENSKY AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE LEGAL POLICY OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT." In Current problems of jurisprudence. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02032-6/205-213.

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Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky was an important figure in the political and revolutionary processes of the beginning of the last century. The author of the article is interested in considering the psychological nature of the personality and motivation of A.F. Kerensky, which led to decisions that influenced not only his fate, but also the further history of the country as a whole.
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Reports on the topic "Political decentralization, policy formation"

1

Bruno, Michael. Economic Analysis and the Political Economy of Policy Formation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3183.

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Bland, Gary, Lucrecia Peinado, and Christin Stewart. Innovations for Improving Access to Quality Health Care: The Prospects for Municipal Health Insurance in Guatemala. RTI Press, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.pb.0016.1712.

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Municipal insurance–a collective compact in which municipal government is the lead actor in designing, delivering, and supervising a health care financing arrangement—is considered by some Guatemalans as a potential new avenue for improving financial protection against rising costs and improved access to quality health care. This brief presents a political economy analysis of the prospects for the adoption of municipal insurance in Guatemala. Municipal insurance has so far been tried only once, in 2015, by the large suburban municipality of Villa Nueva. Drawing from the Villa Nueva experience, based on interviews with nearly 30 key informants, this brief examines the potential obstacles to municipal insurance reform as well as leading factors favoring its introduction. Consistent health ministry support and equity concerns are potential limitations, for example, while decentralization and the recent emergence of creative insurance products are likely to be supportive. This brief then concludes with consideration of the policy implications of such a reform. We also offer a series of policy recommendations for policymakers and practitioners who may be looking to implement municipal insurance reform.
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Belafi, Carmen. Where There’s a Will There’s a Way: The Role of Political Will in Creating/Producing/Shaping Education Systems for Learning. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/043.

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This Insight Note argues that political will is a decisive factor in explaining both the homogeneity in the expansion of schooling and the heterogeneity in the expansion of learning, and introduces three takeaways as necessary conditions for a meaningful and sustained prioritisation of learning: The highest authorities of a country have the political will to prioritise learning. The highest authorities of a country want to get every child learning (as they define learning goals as universal goals). The highest authorities of a country adopt a long-horizon view to reap the benefits of a learning-oriented system for the long haul. That said, there are good reasons why many disdain appeals to ‘political will’ and why political will is described as “the slipperiest concept in the policy lexicon” (Hammergren 1998: 12).1 My purpose is not to invoke political will as a deus ex machina or an exogenously given characteristic of a country like its latitude. I explore what political will is (and who needs to have it), how one can identify it, and how it arises in different political regime types. To make “because they wanted it” a workable and useful insight, we need to dig deeper into questions such as: “How do some countries come to want to and others not?” and “What, if anything, can be done to foment the wanting to?” As will be shown, the standard RISE Systems Framework is only partially capable of explaining how the political willof the highest authorities of a state is formed. Therefore, an additional typology of political regimes is introduced to distinguish between different modalities of rule and state-society relations. This typology not only helps in separating different ways in which political will is formed, but also outlines different pathways for how political will may be fostered, depending on the type of regime. The Insight Note is structured as follows: Section 2 defines the term ‘political will’. Section 3 hones in on the three key points and offers empirical examples of political will and prioritisation of learning. Section 4 discusses the formation of political will in different political contexts and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the RISE Systems Framework in capturing the different modalities of political will formation. Section 5 introduces a typology of political regimes that can help guide analysis on how political will is formed in different regime types and how interventions to create political will may have to look different depending on the type of political system. Section 6 concludes.
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Tymoshyk, Mykola. LONDON MAGAZINE «LIBERATION WAY» AND ITS PLACE IN THE HISTORY OF UKRAINIAN JOURNALISM ABROAD. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11057.

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One of the leading Western Ukrainian diaspora journals – London «Liberation Way», founded in January 1949, has become the subject of the study for the first time in journalism. Archival documents and materials of the Ukrainian Publishing Union in London and the British National Library (British Library) were also observed. The peculiarities of the magazine’s formation and the specifics of the editorial policy, founders and publishers are clarified. A group of OUN members who survived Hitler’s concentration camps and ended up in Great Britain after the end of World War II initiated the foundation of the magazine. Until April 1951, including issue 42, the Board of Foreign Parts of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists were the publishers of the magazine. From 1951 to the beginning of 2000 it was a socio-political monthly of the Ukrainian Publishing Union. From the mid-60’s of the twentieth century – a socio-political and scientific-literary monthly. In analyzing the programmatic principles of the magazine, the most acute issues of the Ukrainian national liberation movement, which have long separated the forces of Ukrainian emigration and from which the founders and publishers of the magazine from the beginning had clearly defined positions, namely: ideology of Ukrainian nationalism, the idea of ​​unity of Ukraine and Ukrainians, internal inter-party struggle among Ukrainian emigrants have been singled out. The review and systematization of the thematic palette of the magazine’s publications makes it possible to distinguish the following main semantic accents: the formation of the nationalist movement in exile; historical Ukrainian themes; the situation in sub-Soviet Ukraine; the problem of the unity of Ukrainians in the Western diaspora; mission and tasks of Ukrainian emigration in the context of its responsibilities to the Motherland. It also particularizes the peculiarities of the formation of the author’s assets of the magazine and its place in the history of Ukrainian national journalism.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. KEY IMPRESSIONS OF 2020 IN JOURNALISTIC TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11107.

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The article explores the key vocabulary of 2020 in the network space of Ukraine. Texts of journalistic, official-business style, analytical publications of well-known journalists on current topics are analyzed. Extralinguistic factors of new word formation, their adaptation to the sphere of special and socio-political vocabulary of the Ukrainian language are determined. Examples show modern impressions in the media, their stylistic use and impact on public opinion in a pandemic. New meanings of foreign expressions, media terminology, peculiarities of translation of neologisms from English into Ukrainian have been clarified. According to the materials of the online media, a «dictionary of the coronavirus era» is provided. The journalistic text functions in the media on the basis of logical judgments, credible arguments, impressive language. Its purpose is to show the socio-political problem, to sharpen its significance for society and to propose solutions through convincing considerations. Most researchers emphasize the influential role of journalistic style, which through the media shapes public opinion on issues of politics, economics, education, health care, war, the future of the country. To cover such a wide range of topics, socio-political vocabulary is used first of all – neutral and emotionally-evaluative, rhetorical questions and imperatives, special terminology, foreign words. There is an ongoing discussion in online publications about the use of the new foreign token «lockdown» instead of the word «quarantine», which has long been learned in the Ukrainian language. Research on this topic has shown that at the initial stage of the pandemic, the word «lockdown» prevailed in the colloquial language of politicians, media personalities and part of society did not quite understand its meaning. Lockdown, in its current interpretation, is a restrictive measure to protect people from a dangerous virus that has spread to many countries; isolation of the population («stay in place») in case of risk of spreading Covid-19. In English, US citizens are told what a lockdown is: «A lockdown is a restriction policy for people or communities to stay where they are, usually due to specific risks to themselves or to others if they can move and interact freely. The term «stay-at-home» or «shelter-in-place» is often used for lockdowns that affect an area, rather than specific locations». Content analysis of online texts leads to the conclusion that in 2020 a special vocabulary was actively functioning, with the appropriate definitions, which the media described as a «dictionary of coronavirus vocabulary». Media broadcasting is the deepest and pulsating source of creative texts with new meanings, phrases, expressiveness. The influential power of the word finds its unconditional embodiment in the media. Journalists, bloggers, experts, politicians, analyzing current events, produce concepts of a new reality. The world is changing and the language of the media is responding to these changes. It manifests itself most vividly and emotionally in the network sphere, in various genres and styles.
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Monetary Policy Report - January 2022. Banco de la República, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr1-2022.

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Macroeconomic summary Several factors contributed to an increase in projected inflation on the forecast horizon, keeping it above the target rate. These included inflation in December that surpassed expectations (5.62%), indexation to higher inflation rates for various baskets in the consumer price index (CPI), a significant real increase in the legal minimum wage, persistent external and domestic inflationary supply shocks, and heightened exchange rate pressures. The CPI for foods was affected by the persistence of external and domestic supply shocks and was the most significant contributor to unexpectedly high inflation in the fourth quarter. Price adjustments for fuels and certain utilities can explain the acceleration in inflation for regulated items, which was more significant than anticipated. Prices in the CPI for goods excluding food and regulated items also rose more than expected. This was partly due to a smaller effect on prices from the national government’s VAT-free day than anticipated by the technical staff and more persistent external pressures, including via peso depreciation. By contrast, the CPI for services excluding food and regulated items accelerated less than expected, partly reflecting strong competition in the communications sector. This was the only major CPI basket for which prices increased below the target inflation rate. The technical staff revised its inflation forecast upward in response to certain external shocks (prices, costs, and depreciation) and domestic shocks (e.g., on meat products) that were stronger and more persistent than anticipated in the previous report. Observed inflation and a real increase in the legal minimum wage also exceeded expectations, which would boost inflation by affecting price indexation, labor costs, and inflation expectations. The technical staff now expects year-end headline inflation of 4.3% in 2022 and 3.4% in 2023; core inflation is projected to be 4.5% and 3.6%, respectively. These forecasts consider the lapse of certain price relief measures associated with the COVID-19 health emergency, which would contribute to temporarily keeping inflation above the target on the forecast horizon. It is important to note that these estimates continue to contain a significant degree of uncertainty, mainly related to the development of external and domestic supply shocks and their ultimate effects on prices. Other contributing factors include high price volatility and measurement uncertainty related to the extension of Colombia’s health emergency and tax relief measures (such as the VAT-free days) associated with the Social Investment Law (Ley de Inversión Social). The as-yet uncertain magnitude of the effects of a recent real increase in the legal minimum wage (that was high by historical standards) and high observed and expected inflation, are additional factors weighing on the overall uncertainty of the estimates in this report. The size of excess productive capacity remaining in the economy and the degree to which it is closing are also uncertain, as the evolution of the pandemic continues to represent a significant forecast risk. margin, could be less dynamic than expected. And the normalization of monetary policy in the United States could come more quickly than projected in this report, which could negatively affect international financing costs. Finally, there remains a significant degree of uncertainty related to the duration of supply chocks and the degree to which macroeconomic and political conditions could negatively affect the recovery in investment. The technical staff revised its GDP growth projection for 2022 from 4.7% to 4.3% (Graph 1.3). This revision accounts for the likelihood that a larger portion of the recent positive dynamic in private consumption would be transitory than previously expected. This estimate also contemplates less dynamic investment behavior than forecast in the previous report amid less favorable financial conditions and a highly uncertain investment environment. Third-quarter GDP growth (12.9%), which was similar to projections from the October report, and the fourth-quarter growth forecast (8.7%) reflect a positive consumption trend, which has been revised upward. This dynamic has been driven by both public and private spending. Investment growth, meanwhile, has been weaker than forecast. Available fourth-quarter data suggest that consumption spending for the period would have exceeded estimates from October, thanks to three consecutive months that included VAT-free days, a relatively low COVID-19 caseload, and mobility indicators similar to their pre-pandemic levels. By contrast, the most recently available figures on new housing developments and machinery and equipment imports suggest that investment, while continuing to rise, is growing at a slower rate than anticipated in the previous report. The trade deficit is expected to have widened, as imports would have grown at a high level and outpaced exports. Given the above, the technical staff now expects fourth-quarter economic growth of 8.7%, with overall growth for 2021 of 9.9%. Several factors should continue to contribute to output recovery in 2022, though some of these may be less significant than previously forecast. International financial conditions are expected to be less favorable, though external demand should continue to recover and terms of trade continue to increase amid higher projected oil prices. Lower unemployment rates and subsequent positive effects on household income, despite increased inflation, would also boost output recovery, as would progress in the national vaccination campaign. The technical staff expects that the conditions that have favored recent high levels of consumption would be, in large part, transitory. Consumption spending is expected to grow at a slower rate in 2022. Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) would continue to recover, approaching its pre-pandemic level, though at a slower rate than anticipated in the previous report. This would be due to lower observed GFCF levels and the potential impact of political and fiscal uncertainty. Meanwhile, the policy interest rate would be less expansionary as the process of monetary policy normalization continues. Given the above, growth in 2022 is forecast to decelerate to 4.3% (previously 4.7%). In 2023, that figure (3.1%) is projected to converge to levels closer to the potential growth rate. In this case, excess productive capacity would be expected to tighten at a similar rate as projected in the previous report. The trade deficit would tighten more than previously projected on the forecast horizon, due to expectations of an improved export dynamic and moderation in imports. The growth forecast for 2022 considers a low basis of comparison from the first half of 2021. However, there remain significant downside risks to this forecast. The current projection does not, for example, account for any additional effects on economic activity resulting from further waves of COVID-19. High private consumption levels, which have already surpassed pre-pandemic levels by a large margin, could be less dynamic than expected. And the normalization of monetary policy in the United States could come more quickly than projected in this report, which could negatively affect international financing costs. Finally, there remains a significant degree of uncertainty related to the duration of supply chocks and the degree to which macroeconomic and political conditions could negatively affect the recovery in investment. External demand for Colombian goods and services should continue to recover amid significant global inflation pressures, high oil prices, and less favorable international financial conditions than those estimated in October. Economic activity among Colombia’s major trade partners recovered in 2021 amid countries reopening and ample international liquidity. However, that growth has been somewhat restricted by global supply chain disruptions and new outbreaks of COVID-19. The technical staff has revised its growth forecast for Colombia’s main trade partners from 6.3% to 6.9% for 2021, and from 3.4% to 3.3% for 2022; trade partner economies are expected to grow 2.6% in 2023. Colombia’s annual terms of trade increased in 2021, largely on higher oil, coffee, and coal prices. This improvement came despite increased prices for goods and services imports. The expected oil price trajectory has been revised upward, partly to supply restrictions and lagging investment in the sector that would offset reduced growth forecasts in some major economies. Elevated freight and raw materials costs and supply chain disruptions continue to affect global goods production, and have led to increases in global prices. Coupled with the recovery in global demand, this has put upward pressure on external inflation. Several emerging market economies have continued to normalize monetary policy in this context. Meanwhile, in the United States, the Federal Reserve has anticipated an end to its asset buying program. U.S. inflation in December (7.0%) was again surprisingly high and market average inflation forecasts for 2022 have increased. The Fed is expected to increase its policy rate during the first quarter of 2022, with quarterly increases anticipated over the rest of the year. For its part, Colombia’s sovereign risk premium has increased and is forecast to remain on a higher path, to levels above the 15-year-average, on the forecast horizon. This would be partly due to the effects of a less expansionary monetary policy in the United States and the accumulation of macroeconomic imbalances in Colombia. Given the above, international financial conditions are projected to be less favorable than anticipated in the October report. The increase in Colombia’s external financing costs could be more significant if upward pressures on inflation in the United States persist and monetary policy is normalized more quickly than contemplated in this report. As detailed in Section 2.3, uncertainty surrounding international financial conditions continues to be unusually high. Along with other considerations, recent concerns over the potential effects of new COVID-19 variants, the persistence of global supply chain disruptions, energy crises in certain countries, growing geopolitical tensions, and a more significant deceleration in China are all factors underlying this uncertainty. The changing macroeconomic environment toward greater inflation and unanchoring risks on inflation expectations imply a reduction in the space available for monetary policy stimulus. Recovery in domestic demand and a reduction in excess productive capacity have come in line with the technical staff’s expectations from the October report. Some upside risks to inflation have materialized, while medium-term inflation expectations have increased and are above the 3% target. Monetary policy remains expansionary. Significant global inflationary pressures and the unexpected increase in the CPI in December point to more persistent effects from recent supply shocks. Core inflation is trending upward, but remains below the 3% target. Headline and core inflation projections have increased on the forecast horizon and are above the target rate through the end of 2023. Meanwhile, the expected dynamism of domestic demand would be in line with low levels of excess productive capacity. An accumulation of macroeconomic imbalances in Colombia and the increased likelihood of a faster normalization of monetary policy in the United States would put upward pressure on sovereign risk perceptions in a more persistent manner, with implications for the exchange rate and the natural rate of interest. Persistent disruptions to international supply chains, a high real increase in the legal minimum wage, and the indexation of various baskets in the CPI to higher inflation rates could affect price expectations and push inflation above the target more persistently. These factors suggest that the space to maintain monetary stimulus has continued to diminish, though monetary policy remains expansionary. 1.2 Monetary policy decision Banco de la República’s board of directors (BDBR) in its meetings in December 2021 and January 2022 voted to continue normalizing monetary policy. The BDBR voted by a majority in these two meetings to increase the benchmark interest rate by 50 and 100 basis points, respectively, bringing the policy rate to 4.0%.
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