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Journal articles on the topic 'Political cynicism'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

CAPPELLA, JOSEPH N., and KATHLEEN HALL JAMIESON. "News Frames, Political Cynicism, and Media Cynicism." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 546, no. 1 (July 1996): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716296546001007.

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2

Pattyn, Sven, Alain Van Hiel, Kristof Dhont, and Emma Onraet. "Stripping the Political Cynic: A Psychological Exploration of the Concept of Political Cynicism." European Journal of Personality 26, no. 6 (November 2012): 566–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.858.

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The high level of political cynicism in contemporary society is often considered a serious threat to democracy. The concept, however, has received only scant attention in psychology. The current work introduces political cynicism and extensively explores its psychological implications by investigating the concept's validity, predictive utility and status as a dispositional variable. Our results revealed that political cynicism is empirically distinguishable from the closely related constructs of social cynicism and political trust. Furthermore, political cynicism was found to strongly related to a wide range of political variables, such as voting intentions, political normlessness and political estrangement, as well as to broad social attitudes and racial prejudice. Finally, we show that political cynicism yields limited but meaningful relationships with Neuroticism and Agreeableness, although social cynicism is more clearly related to the Five–Factor Model personality dimensions. It is therefore concluded that political cynicism can be reliably measured and distinguished from closely related concepts and that it yields meaningful relationships with other relevant psychological variables. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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3

Dancey, Logan. "The Consequences of Political Cynicism: How Cynicism Shapes Citizens’ Reactions to Political Scandals." Political Behavior 34, no. 3 (May 10, 2011): 411–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11109-011-9163-z.

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4

Hagan, John, Bill McCarthy, and Daniel Herda. "What the Study of Legal Cynicism and Crime Can Tell Us About Reliability, Validity, and Versatility in Law and Social Science Research." Annual Review of Law and Social Science 16, no. 1 (October 13, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-031620-093358.

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We call for a further appreciation of the versatility of concepts and methods that increase the breadth and diversity of work on law and social science. We make our point with a review of legal cynicism. Legal cynicism's value, like other important concepts, lies in its versatility as well as its capacity for replication. Several classic works introduced legal cynicism, but Sampson & Bartusch named it. Kirk & Papachristos used a cultural framework to broaden it and added essential measures of perceived unresponsiveness and incapacity of police to ensure neighborhood safety and security. A structural theory of legal cynicism explains minority residents’ skepticism of, and desperate reliance on, police in the absence of alternative sources of safety. Historical and ethnographic studies play especially important roles in broadening the versatility of legal cynicism for the study of crime and responses to it.

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5

Bean, Clive. "CONSERVATIVE CYNICISM: POLITICAL CULTURE IN AUSTRALIA." International Journal of Public Opinion Research 5, no. 1 (1993): 58–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/5.1.58.

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6

Espinosa, Agustín, Manuel Pacheco, Erika Janos, Yorelis Acosta, Edilberto Álvarez-Galeano, Jaime Berenguer, Victor Jiménez-Benítez, et al. "Ideology and Political Cynicism: Effects of Authoritarianism and Social Dominance on Perceptions about the Political System in 11 Ibero-American Countries." Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology 56, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): e1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.30849/ripijp.v56i2.1465.

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This study investigates; (1) how Political Cynicism is structured and, (2) how this structure relates to Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) in 11 Ibero-American countries (N=2388). The results show that the structure of Political Cynicism is composed of four dimensions: (1) Mistrust, (2) Perception of Corruption, (3) Need for Change and, (4) Political Moral Laxity. Furthermore, the study reveals that there is no homogeneous model of relations between the dimensions of Political Cynicism with RWA and SDO by country. However, at a general level it is noted that Mistrust acts as a diffuse indicator of dissatisfaction with the political system that increases Political Moral Laxity, while the Perception of Corruption, functions as a specific indicator of dissatisfaction that is directly associated with the Need for Change and, inversely, to Moral Laxity. Both RWA and SDO increase the negative manifestations of Political Cynicism, but the most interesting result is the stability of the observed relationship between SDO and Moral Laxity in 10 of the 11 countries considered in the study. The results are discussed in terms of the costs that Political Cynicism represents for the consolidation of Democracy, especially in its manifestation of moral laxity.

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7

Kruikemeier, Sanne, Guda Van Noort, and Rens Vliegenthart. "The Effect of Website Interactivity on Political Involvement." Journal of Media Psychology 28, no. 3 (July 2016): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000200.

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Abstract. This study examines the extent to which interactive communication on political websites affects various forms of citizens’ involvement in politics, and the moderating role of political cynicism in this relationship. Based on the outcomes of a laboratory experiment with a single-factor (interactivity: low vs. medium vs. high interactivity) between-subjects design, we found that interactive political websites have a positive effect on citizen involvement, and this effect is particularly present for websites with high levels of interactivity. We also demonstrate that interactivity effects are, to some extent, contingent on citizens’ political cynicism. For higher levels of political cynicism, deviations in the level of interactivity make less of a difference in their impact on political involvement.

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8

Leshner, Glenn, and Michael L. McKean. "Using TV News for Political Information During An Off-Year Election: Effects on Political Knowledge and Cynicism." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 74, no. 1 (March 1997): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909707400106.

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Television news is routinely blamed for a decline in political knowledge and for a deepening cynicism among the American electorate. Yet studies attempting to measure the effects of TV news have produced decidedly mixed results. This study, using survey data from a 1994 U.S. Senate campaign in Missouri, finds that using TV news for political and government information is positively associated with knowledge about candidates and not associated with cynicism toward politicians. These results run counter to the popular notion that TV news induces “videomalaise” among viewers.

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9

Eisinger, Robert M. "Questioning cynicism." Society 37, no. 5 (July 2000): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12115-000-1038-6.

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10

Lipovetsky, Mark. "Intelligentsia and cynicism: political metamorphoses of postmodernism." Russian Journal of Communication 10, no. 2-3 (September 2, 2018): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19409419.2018.1533420.

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11

van Dalen, Arjen, Erik Albæk, and Claes de Vreese. "Suspicious minds: Explaining political cynicism among political journalists in Europe." European Journal of Communication 26, no. 2 (June 2011): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323111404841.

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12

Suvorov, V. V. "Cynics and the Hellenistic Era." Siberian Journal of Philosophy 16, no. 3 (2018): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2018-16-3-192-203.

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It is established that the weakening of moral and ethical rigorism in the cynical doctrine in the Hellenistic era was associated with the radicalism of the ancient Cynics and the impossibility of its further preservation. It is also shown that in the philosophy of the Cynics in the Hellenistic era, two tendencies emerged: the alienation of the individual from society and the desire for political activity. Despite the involvement of individual Cynics in politics, Cynicism in the Hellenistic era retained its deeply individualistic character.

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13

Rathnayake, Chamil. "From Street Protests to Facebook Campaigns." International Journal of E-Politics 6, no. 1 (January 2015): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijep.2015010104.

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This study examines effects of political cynicism and efficacy on online political engagement of Sri Lankan undergraduates. A survey was conducted among 155 Sri Lankan undergraduates that support the views of the Inter-University Student Federation (IUSF), an evidently anti-government student movement that claims to be dedicated to protecting free education in the country. Initial analysis showed that respondents were highly cynical (mean: 4.49 on a 1 to 5 scale). The study hypothesized that both political cynicism and efficacy exert a positive impact on online political engagement of respondents. The study also tested the effects of two moderators (extent of Facebook use, and the year of study). Results showed that political cynicism exerts a positive impact (standardized coefficient:.274, p:.000) on online political engagement, and this effect is positively moderated by the extent of Facebook use (standardized coefficient:.261, p:.000). Results also showed that internal political efficacy is not a significant predictor of the dependent variable.

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14

Van Assche, Jasper, Kristof Dhont, Alain Van Hiel, and Arne Roets. "Ethnic Diversity and Support for Populist Parties." Social Psychology 49, no. 3 (May 2018): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000340.

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Abstract. Putnam’s (2007) constrict claim states that ethnic diversity has serious consequences for social cohesion, making people distrustful and leery. The present contribution extends this claim by including political cynicism and trust as side effects of diversity. Moreover, we nuance this claim by considering citizens’ social-ideological attitudes as moderators of diversity effects. Using a Dutch nationally stratified sample (N = 628), we showed that both objective and perceived diversity were associated with more political cynicism and less trust, but only for those high in right-wing attitudes (i.e., social dominance orientation and particularly authoritarianism). Furthermore, only political cynicism was a unique predictor of greater populist party support. Implications for the ongoing debates on the rise in diversity and populist parties are discussed.

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15

REVELL, PIERS. "Ancient cynicism: a case for salvage." Review of International Studies 36, S1 (August 31, 2010): 201–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210510000902.

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AbstractTaking a quote from President Obama as its starting point, this article examines the usages of the word cynicism in politics, business and International Relations. It distinguishes five different forms: accusative; reflexive; projective; cathartic and ancient. When used accusatively, the cynic is an archetype we see in others whose character or actions we wish to reproach. When used reflexively, the cynic is a social archetype we identify with ourselves. Projective cynicism is the means by which an impertinent discourse may be playfully distanced. Cathartic cynicism is a means by which mental conflict is mediated. Ancient cynicism was a utopian attempt to negotiate the contradiction between cosmopolitanism and the overwhelming reality of slavery. The article concludes that it may be worthwhile comparing and contrasting all these forms of cynicism out in the public sphere.

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16

Southwell, Priscilla L., and Kevin D. Pirch. "Political Cynicism and the Mobilization of Black Voters*." Social Science Quarterly 84, no. 4 (November 4, 2003): 906–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0038-4941.2003.08404020.x.

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17

Lee, Aie-Rie, and Yong U. Glasure. "Political Cynicism in South Korea: Economics or Values?" Asian Affairs: An American Review 29, no. 1 (January 2002): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927670209598875.

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18

Lee, Francis L. F. "The Spillover Effects of Political Scandals: The Moderating Role of Cynicism and Social Media Communications." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 95, no. 3 (August 17, 2017): 714–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077699017723604.

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This study examines how political cynicism and social media communications moderate the spillover effects of political scandals, that is, the extent to which a scandal surrounding one political figure may influence people’s attitudes toward other political objects. Theoretically, spillover effects are understood as grounded in how people understand the interconnections among politicians and institutions. Analysis of a representative survey in Hong Kong documents the presence of spillover effects of scandals surrounding the Chief Executive of the government. The findings also illustrate the moderating role of political cynicism and, to a lesser extent, political communications via social media.

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19

Schuck, Andreas R. T., Hajo G. Boomgaarden, and Claes H. de Vreese. "Cynics All Around? The Impact of Election News on Political Cynicism in Comparative Perspective." Journal of Communication 63, no. 2 (March 6, 2013): 287–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12023.

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20

Schenck-Hamlin, WJ, DE Procter, and DJ Rumsey. "The influence of negative advertising frames on political cynicism and politician accountability." Human Communication Research 26, no. 1 (January 2000): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2000.tb00749.x.

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21

Heiss, Raffael, and Jörg Matthes. "Mobilizing for Some." Journal of Media Psychology 28, no. 3 (July 2016): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000199.

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Abstract. This study investigated the effects of politicians’ nonparticipatory and participatory Facebook posts on young people’s political efficacy – a key determinant of political participation. We employed an experimental design, using a sample of N = 125 high school students (15–20 years). Participants either saw a Facebook profile with no posts (control condition), nonparticipatory posts, or participatory posts. While nonparticipatory posts did not affect participants’ political efficacy, participatory posts exerted distinct effects. For those high in trait evaluations of the politician presented in the stimulus material or low in political cynicism, we found significant positive effects on external and collective efficacy. By contrast, for those low in trait evaluations or high in cynicism, we found significant negative effects on external and collective efficacy. We did not find any effects on internal efficacy. The importance of content-specific factors and individual predispositions in assessing the influence of social media use on participation is discussed.

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22

Zhang, Qi, Siwei Sun, Xingshan Zheng, and Wei Liu. "The Role of Cynicism and Personal Traits in the Organizational Political Climate and Sustainable Creativity." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010257.

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Innovation, as the key concern of sustainable human resource management, is one of the motivators of the sustainable development of organizations. However, past literature believes that innovation may be hindered by the organizational political climate. Based on the self-determination theory, this study proposes a new perspective to transfer the effect of this climate on innovation through the mediating role of cynicism and the moderating role of personal trait regulatory focus. Findings from 341 seven-point Likert survey questionnaires of employees in a Chinese automobile enterprise revealed that: first, the organizational political climate (expect interpersonal relationships) negatively predicted radical creativity and incremental creativity; second, organizational cynicism mediates the negative relationship between the organizational political climate and radical creativity and incremental creativity; third, the mediating effect of the organizational cynicism relationship between the organizational political climate and dualistic creativity could be affected by the personal trait regulatory focus. This study fills the gap in the relationship between organizational political climate and innovation. Additionally, this study proposes several suggestions for the practitioners and further research.

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23

Mahmoud, Ali Bassam, Nicholas Grigoriou, Leonora Fuxman, and William D. Reisel. "Political advertising effectiveness in war-time Syria." Media, War & Conflict 13, no. 4 (April 23, 2019): 375–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635219841356.

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This study addresses the effectiveness of political advertising in an extreme context, during war-time. A self-administered cross-sectional survey was used to collect data during the 2016 parliamentary elections in Syria. Structural equation modelling was utilized to test the hypothetical model and its invariance related to political involvement. The results indicated that beliefs are a four-dimensional structure consisting of information, veracity, sarcasm, and cynicism. Furthermore, war-time perceptions were found to negatively affect attitude towards political advertising via sarcasm among less politically involved voters. Negative attitude was found to be linked to lower levels of veracity among such voters and to higher levels of cynicism for those who are highly involved in politics. Negative attitudes regarding political advertising were found for lowering the chances for watching advertisements, for supporting a candidate, and for willingness to vote. The results also revealed that paying attention to political advertising does not relate to voters’ intention to vote. This study is the first of its kind to empirically validate a conceptual model predicting voters’ turnout behaviour based on voters’ war-time perceptions, beliefs and attitudes regarding political advertising in an authoritarian setting. In addition, this study investigates whether the effects of the proposed model may be moderated by voters’ political involvement.

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24

Melissa R. Michelson. "Healthy Skepticism or Corrosive Cynicism? New Insights into the Roots and Results of Latino Political Cynicism." RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (2016): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7758/rsf.2016.2.3.04.

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25

Arslan, Muhammad, and Jamal Roudaki. "Examining the role of employee engagement in the relationship between organisational cynicism and employee performance." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 39, no. 1/2 (March 11, 2019): 118–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-06-2018-0087.

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PurposeOrganisational cynicism (OC) is a growing trend in contemporary organisations. However, its impact on employee performance (EP) remains understudied. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap by investigating its effect on EP. The study also investigates the moderating effect of employee engagement (EE) on the relationship between OC and EP.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data are collected through questionnaire from employees (N=200) of various health organisations in Pakistan by employing a convenient sampling technique. Hierarchical multiple regression is employed by using SPSS.FindingsThe findings of correlation and regression analyses reveal that OC has significant negative relationship with EP. Hence, the patient care is compromised in sampled organisations due to poorer performance of employees. Moreover, findings also reveal that EE has a moderating effect on relationship between OC and EP. Therefore, hospital management needs to increase EE to reduce the cynicism and improve performance. In addition, organisations and managers need to consider their role and actions creating the conditions that lead to cynicism among employees and should take trustworthy steps to increase employee retention and engagement and, ultimately, their performance. Moreover, the findings of the study indicate that the majority of respondents are not happy with their organisations. They also feel that the organisation is not fulfilling its promises and betraying them in several ways. This breach of contract becomes the reason for OC among employees and badly affects their performance. Most of respondents give importance to their career development and the findings reveal that organisations are not focussing on career development of their employees.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has some limitations and implications. The organisational culture can mitigate the negative effect of OC and enhance performance by promoting EE. It is recommended that employee cynicism can be reduced by providing a supportive environment, EE and fairness. Nevertheless, the findings of this study still help supervisors to inhibit this harmful effect by reducing the level of psychological contract violation and organisational politics that will reduce the level of cynicism among employees and improve their performance.Practical implicationsIt is found that OC has a major impact on the behaviour and attitude of employees, supervisors and representatives on the one hand and, ultimately, the organisation, on the other hand. These effects have specific susceptibilities due to the vicinity of the employees. It is recommended that employee cynicism can be reduced by providing a supportive environment.Social implicationsThe study also helps psychologists to understand employees’ attitudes and improve personnel selection to ensure they recruit the right people. Leaders need to communicate honestly, effectively and frequently to address cynicism in order to ensure ample staffing and resource levels that result in good patient care and positive work attitudes at hospitals.Originality/valueAccording to the researchers’ best knowledge, only few studies tried to investigate the relationship between organisational cynicism and EP by employing the moderating effect of EE. Therefore, it will be a good contribution in existing literature to understand consequences of cynicisms.

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26

Siu-kai, Lau. "Decline of governmental authority, political cynicism and political inefficacy in Hong Kong." Journal of Northeast Asian Studies 11, no. 2 (June 1992): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03023340.

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27

Adriaansen, M. L., P. van Praag, and C. H. de Vreese. "Substance Matters: How News Content can Reduce Political Cynicism." International Journal of Public Opinion Research 22, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 433–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edq033.

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28

Shao, Li, and Dongshu Liu. "The Road to Cynicism: The Political Consequences of Online Satire Exposure in China." Political Studies 67, no. 2 (August 3, 2018): 517–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321718791373.

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This article examines two competing theories explaining the effects of political satire on citizens in an authoritarian context. The “activism” proposition argues that political satire works as a form of resistance to erode people’s support for the regime and encourages collective action. The “cynicism” proposition argues that while satire discourages regime support, it also discourages political participation. Our online survey experiment on young Chinese Internet users provides evidence supporting the cynicism proposition. Satire consumption reduces audiences’ political trust, deflates their political efficacy, and discourages them from participating in politics, as it reduces the perceived severity of political problems and implies that audience participation is useless. We conclude that the dissemination of political satire may stabilize the authoritarian regime temporarily but induces it to become erosive in the long run.

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29

Dobbs, James M., and James J. Do. "The Impact of Perceived Toxic Leadership on Cynicism in Officer Candidates." Armed Forces & Society 45, no. 1 (January 11, 2018): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x17747204.

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Organizational cynicism is a key factor in employee burnout, emotional exhaustion, and turnover and directly reduces organizational citizenship behavior, commitment, and effectiveness. Still, little empirical research examines antecedents of organizational cynicism. This study applies a dark side of leadership framework from an organizational and leadership perspective to examine the relationship between perceived toxic leadership and organizational cynicism in a military educational environment. Survey and interview data were used to assess the relationship between toxic leadership and organizational cynicism as reported by U.S. Air Force Academy cadets. Results demonstrate a positive relationship between toxic leadership and organizational cynicism, such that those who report having leaders with toxic characteristics are likely to have more negative attitudes toward their organization. Self-promotion emerged as the sole significant toxic leadership dimension predicting cynicism. Group differences in perceived toxic leadership are found for race but not for gender or amount of time within the organization.

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30

van Stekelenburg, Jacquelien. "The Political Psychology of Protest." European Psychologist 18, no. 4 (January 1, 2013): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000156.

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We live in contentious times. Why are people prepared to sacrifice wealth, a pleasant and carefree life, or sometimes even their lives for a common cause? This question brings us to the individual level of analysis, and therefore to political psychology. People live in a perceived world. Indeed, this is what a political psychology of protest is about – trying to understand why people who are seemingly in the same socio-political configuration respond so differently. I will illustrate this point with an overview of state-of-the-art theoretical approaches and up-to-date empirical evidence. Discussed are grievances, efficacy/cynicism, identification, emotions, and social embeddedness. Most recent approaches combine these concepts into one model comprising two routes: An efficacy route steered by social embeddedness and a grievances route steered by cynicism. The working of the model is illustrated by empirical evidence from contemporary events such as migrants, collective action, demonstrating diasporas, and Social Media protests. Each of these illustrations exemplifies how different aspects of the socio-political context as dual identification, group status, and virtual embeddedness affect individuals’ protest behavior. As such the paper aims to provide an overview of political psychological work that may contribute to the understanding of our contentious times.

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31

Nam, Taewoo. "Determinants of local public employee attitudes toward government innovation." International Journal of Public Sector Management 32, no. 4 (May 13, 2019): 418–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-06-2018-0134.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify individual level perception-based determinants influencing participation in government innovation and to examine the moderating effect of innovation cynicism upon those determinants. Design/methodology/approach Focusing on the case of Government 3.0, a Korean National Government innovation initiative, this study analyzes survey data regarding local public employee perceptions of the initiative through ordered logistic regression. Findings Multiple theoretical correlates of perceived desirability, perceived efficacy, performance expectancy, facilitating leadership, peer influence and demonstrable symbols have positive influences on participation in Government 3.0. Surprisingly, cynics of government innovation reported more active participation in Government 3.0 than non-cynics. While cynicism negatively moderates the influence of perceived desirability, performance expectancy and peer influence on Government 3.0 participation, the expected negative moderating effect does not correspond with the influence of perceived efficacy on innovation participation. Originality/value The study highlights the importance of innovation cynics, who are probably neither skeptics nor pessimists regarding recent changes but rather are concerned about recurring rhetoric and poor performance of government innovation.

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32

Dole, Robert. "Honest Skepticism versus Bitter Cynicism." Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 2, no. 4 (September 1997): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081180x97002004002.

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33

Šram, Zlatko. "The Effects of Political Cynicism and National Siege Mentality on the Internalization of an Anti-European Sentiment." International Journal of Business and Social Research 6, no. 1 (February 21, 2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v6i1.858.

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<p>This paper aims to provide an insight into the political-psychological understanding of an attitudinal construct labeled anti-European sentiment. A structural equation model for prediction was developed and evaluated by using full information mximum likelihood estimates obtained from LISREL 8.52 computer program. Assumption was that both political cynicism and national siege mentality would have an effect on anti-European sentiment. The data reported here were obtained by standard survey methods on the sample of adult population in Croatia (N=533). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to explore factorial and construct validity of the measures used in this research. CFA yielded unidimensional construct measurements with acceptable fit indices. Structural model indicated that exogenous variables (political cynicism, national siege mentality) have significant effects on the anti-European sentiment used as an endogenous (dependent) variable. Goodness-of-fit indices suggested acceptable fit of the model (RMSEA=0.07, CFI=0.97, NNFI=0.97, SRMR=0.05). Given the amount of variance of anti-European sentiment, it was showen that political cynicism and national siege mentality have strong predictive validity for anti-European sentiment (43 percent of the variance was explained by the structural model). In order to explain the interactions among the variables investigated, the author proposed the distrust-threat model of political hostility.</p>

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34

Gillespie, Kate. "The Middle East's Corruption Conundrum." Current History 105, no. 687 (January 1, 2006): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2006.105.687.40.

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35

Hagan, John, Bill McCarthy, and Daniel Herda. "RACE, LEGAL CYNICISM, AND THE MACHINE POLITICS OF DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT IN CHICAGO." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 15, no. 1 (2018): 129–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x18000085.

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AbstractUsing a wide array of official and unofficial data spanning two decades in the neighborhoods of Chicago, we explore connections between legal cynicism, the electoral regime of Mayor Richard M. Daley, and citizen calls for police assistance and police reports of drug crime. We find that the disproportionate concentration of legal cynicism about law enforcement in African American neighborhoods played a prominent and insufficiently understood role in building opposition to Mayor Daley’s political machine. This race linked legal cynicism was grounded in neighborhood concerns about effective prevention of and protection from drug crime. The more punitive than preventative and protective approach to drug law enforcement that characterized the politics of the Daley crime machine contributed to a legacy that foreshadowed the growing and ultimately explosive demands for new mechanisms of police accountability in Chicago.

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36

Dow, Geoff. "Beyond cynicism and desperation: A case for new political institutions." Australian Journal of International Affairs 56, no. 1 (April 2002): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357710220120829.

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37

Koch, Jeffrey W. "Political Cynicism And Third Party Support In American Presidential Elections." American Politics Research 31, no. 1 (January 2003): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x02238579.

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38

Curtis, Sydney Marie Simone, Gabrielle M. Bacha, and Demetri L. Morgan. "Cynicism or Apathy?: Defining Political Norms Influencing the Campus Climate." Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice 56, no. 5 (October 8, 2019): 492–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19496591.2019.1648276.

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Lipovetsky, Mark. "Zynismus statt Postmoderne." osteuropa 69, no. 5 (2019): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/oe-2019-0040.

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Walters, Ronald. "Cynicism, conservatism, and Black Americans." Society 43, no. 5 (July 2006): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02687573.

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Vagni, Tito. "Mídia e representação do cinismo no drama político." MATRIZes 11, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1982-8160.v11i2p79-91.

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This essay proposes an investigation on the forms of contemporary cynicism, combining the interpretation of political drama with reflections of the daily life sociology, particularly referring to Simmel, Goffman and De Certeau. In an expanded historical perspective from the 21st century metropolis to the communication media of the 20th century, it proposes a reconstruction of the political action and of certain moment of its imagination. A moment that shall be studied as from its relations with money, time acceleration and sensory overstimulation, which institute a new image of social relations. Cynicism seems to be, in the conditions created by metropolis and media, the cultural form more suitable for management and organization of daily events in public sphere.

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Muñiz, Carlos. "Prácticas comunicativas y desafección política en el contexto de las campañas electorales. Análisis de su relación desde el modelo O-S-R-O-R." INDEX COMUNICACION 9, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 80–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.33732/ixc/09/01practi.

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It is common to find in many democratic countries more and more citizens away from politics, with distrust in institutions and even delegitimizing the political system. There are several factors that may determine this political disaffection, which makes present through manifestations of cynicism, apathy and skepticism. Among them, the possible influence of both offline and online communication habits, such as media consumption and political conversation, has pointed out. To determine this possible effect, a panel survey was carried out during the last 2018 presidential elections in Mexico. Considering the O-S-R-O-R model as a reference, findings show a null influence of communication habits in the development of cynicism and a limited effect on the skepticism. However, there was an increase in apathy derived from both the consumption of traditional media and the development of interactive conversation. Keywords: Political Disaffection; Media Consumption; Political Conversation; O-S-R-O-R Model; Election Campaigns.

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Liu, Ming. "“Contesting the Cynicism of Neoliberalism”." Journal of Language and Politics 16, no. 2 (March 21, 2017): 242–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.15010.liu.

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Abstract This article aims to expose the hegemony of neoliberalism in media discourse through a corpus-assisted discourse study of the representations of the Sino-US currency dispute in two newspapers – China Daily (CD) from China and The New York Times (NYT) from the US. The findings suggest that while neoliberal ideology can be identified in both CD and NYT, it is articulated and appropriated differently in the two newspapers to construct their respective stance towards the issue. Neoliberal beliefs are found pervading different levels of discourse (i.e., thematic, lexical and grammatical) in NYT to construct a combative stance towards China’s exchange rate policies. However, the hegemony of neoliberalism can also be detected through CD’s ambivalent stance towards change and the seemingly contradictory evaluation of the impact of exchange rate changes.

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Botan, Madalina, Nicoleta Corbu, and Dani Sandu. "The Complicated Relation Between News Frames and Political Trust: A Case Study of Romania." Středoevropské politické studie Central European Political Studies Review 18, no. 2-3 (August 1, 2016): 122–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cepsr.2016.23.122.

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This study tests through an experiment the hypothesis that heavy emphasis on conflicts in the news undermines political trust and has an impact on citizens’ cynicism and political participation. Findings do not support a uniform negative impact of the conflicts covered in the news but demonstrate a cumulative effect of their levels of intrusiveness and incivility. In addition, we found consistent evidence that personal characteristics influence people’s reactions to conflicts. For extrovert individuals, who are typically more assertive in public matters, have higher levels of political knowledge and feel more politically efficacious, exposure to conflict frames does not necessarily result in lower political trust.

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Saito, Shinichi. "Television and Political Alienation: Does Television News Induce Political Cynicism and Inefficacy in Japan?" International Journal of Japanese Sociology 17, no. 1 (November 2008): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6781.2008.00114.x.

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Cheng, Tony, and Shelley Liu. "Service Cynicism: How Civic Disengagement Develops." Politics & Society 46, no. 1 (January 28, 2018): 101–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032329218755749.

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How does civic disengagement develop? This article examines the theory that the dissatisfaction and disengagement citizens develop toward one government agency can extend to an alternative agency. Leveraging police precinct-level data on 311 calls and criminal complaints from 2004 to 2012 in New York City, it investigates whether government responsiveness to municipal issues predicts citizens’ willingness to submit criminal complaints to the police. The study finds that predictors of disengagement with law enforcement extend beyond negative interactions with law enforcement alone. Rather, the time it takes local government officials to fix a 311 request for services, such as filling potholes and abating noise, shapes the likelihood that residents will file misdemeanor criminal complaints. Thus policymakers must account for the policy environment beyond their agency’s domain to alleviate citizens’ dissatisfaction and disengagement with government overall.

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Kjeldsen, Jens, and Aaron Hess. "Experiencing multimodal rhetoric and argumentation in political advertisements: a study of how people respond to the rhetoric of multimodal communication." Visual Communication 20, no. 3 (June 27, 2021): 327–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14703572211013399.

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Research into visual and multimodal rhetoric has been dominated by social scientific and textual perspectives that may not be able to provide documented understandings of how rhetorical objects are actually experienced by an audience. In this study, the authors engage in rhetorical protocol analysis through 10 in-depth interviews asking informants to make sense of selected political advertisements in the 2020 US election campaign. They examine the types of competing sensory elements found within the campaign texts and situations, which they term ‘multimodal incongruity’ and establish two types of cognitive frameworks informants use when engaging in the political rhetoric of the commercials: personal experience and cynicism. Personal experience allowed the informants to make sense of and argue against campaign messages. Cynicism often guided participants to unpack the generic conventions of political advertising, politics more generally, and opposing partisan strategies. Both interpretive frames – but the frame of cynicism, in particular – enable participants to critically distance their reading of and emotional response to the campaign commercials. This critical distancing reveals connections between rationality and emotionality through ‘deliberative embedding’, meaning that the emotional is understood in terms of and negotiated in relation to already established cognitive frameworks of information, opinions and cynical readings of the genre. The authors conclude the essay by reflecting on their methodological and theoretical insights regarding multimodal rhetoric.

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Hollander, Barry A. "Talk Radio: Predictors of Use and Effects on Attitudes about Government." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 73, no. 1 (March 1996): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909607300110.

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Early studies portrayed the talk radio listener, and the caller in particular, as more alienated and less politically and socially active. The research here, using national survey data, finds that the portrait of the talk radio audience has changed to one more positive in terms of socio-demographic characteristics and political participation. However, talk radio is also found to be associated with a number of negative political factors such as cynicism about government, lower perceptions of government's responsiveness to citizen needs, and more extreme attitudes. The differences between nonlisteners, listeners, and callers are discussed.

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Lai, Yung-Hang Bruce. "Neoliberal Subjectivities and Cynicism in China:." Archiv orientální 90, no. 3 (December 22, 2022): 473–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.90.3.473-501.

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In China today, comedy is a popular film genre, of which Feng Xiaogang 馮小剛 is a prominent director. This paper argues that cynical humor is a key but under-investigated feature of Feng’s comedies, which amuse their audiences by walking the fine line between reality and illusion. Mainly based on Slavoj Žižek’s account of cynicism, I show how a cynical attitude, marked by self-deceptive and pragmatic reflexivity, is expressed comically in Feng’s The Dream Factory (Jia fang yi fang 甲方乙方, 1997) and Personal Tailor (Si ren ding zhi 私人订制, 2013) as examples. I also show how Feng masters cynical humor cinematically to address neoliberal subjectivity in China, of which cynicism is a key feature, in addition to self-entrepreneurship and consumerism. I use “dream-play” to specify cynical humor in these films, whose protagonists are entrepreneurs designing dream-like experiences for clients. Cynical amusement escalates as the dream-play minimizes (but does not eliminate) the distinction between reality and illusion. I argue that Feng’s cynical humor functions as a safety valve in response to neoliberalization’s impacts in China, while the state retains strict political control.

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Seckjun Jang and Seung-Kwan Ryu. "The Influence of Political Efficacy, Political Knowledge and Political Cynicism on Political Participation: Focus on College Students in Korea." Journal of Political Communication ll, no. 47 (December 2017): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35731/kpca.2017..47.004.

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