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1
Seriogin, S. M., O. S. Petrenko, and S. I. Sokolovskiy. "Psychological dependence of public servants as factor of corruption behavior." Public administration aspects 6, no. 11-12 (February 20, 2019): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/151879.
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The purpose of the article is to identify psychological aspects of preventing corruption in the professional activities of public servants by analyzing the main motives of systemic corruption behavior and socio-cultural aspects of their formation. It is revealed that research on the motives of corruption behavior is associated with several important factors: 1) the stereotypes of understanding of the corruption existing in the Ukrainian society; 2) social factors of corruption behavior - historical, economic, political, cultural, collective-psychological and individual psychological; 3) socio-cultural aspects of the formation of anticorruption consciousness.There are several motives of corruption behavior: game, social, monetary etc. This is due to the existence of the most common frames of mass consciousness, which are recorded in the Ukrainian society regarding the perception of corruption. The determining factors of the occurrence of corruption behavior in the professional activities of public servants are the psychological dependencies of the person, which leads to the use of the concept of psychological research.Corruptive behavior is defined as deviant one and causes the perception of the responsibilities of the public service as an opportunity to obtain satisfaction from the prospect of receiving unlawful benefits and privileges for violating official moral and ethical requirements (the formation of dependence). The types of psychological dependencies of public servants (on power, money, etc.) are distinguished. It is shown that a painful manifestation of such a person’s psychological dependency is kleptomania. In order to prevent corruption in the professional activities of public servants, it is proposed to apply scientifically substantiated psychological and diagnostic support, in particular special methods for determining the propensity for kleptomania and corruption behavior.
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Delong, Marek. "Moral and ethical aspects of the Polish transition from communism in the enunciations of the Polish Episcopate." Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 20, no. 7 (February 25, 2017): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.20.7.09.
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The Polish Episcopate critically assessed the social and economic situation in Poland in the period of the transition from communism to democracy and a freemarket economy. Privatisation led to production being stopped and to an increase in unemployment. Profit and not human dignity became the measure of labour. The economic and social reality was dominated by the treatment of economics and financial success as of the highest values and the dissemination of the opinion that in politics and economics there are no values. The political elites showed an inability to develop long-term strategies for getting out of the crisis. The disappearance of the morality of many representatives of public life, which was manifested in universal corruption and the aspiration to improve social status as soon as possible, contributed to this state of affairs. As a result, there was a crisis of the idea of the common wealth and an increase in crime. The social crisis was particularly visible in moral attitudes, social behaviour, and in the economic sphere, public finance, on the labour market, and in the quickly progressing social stratification.
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Bernstein, Justin, and Pierce Randall. "Against the Public Goods Conception of Public Health." Public Health Ethics 13, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phaa021.
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Abstract Public health ethicists face two difficult questions. First, what makes something a matter of public health? While protecting citizens from outbreaks of communicable diseases is clearly a matter of public health, is the same true of policies that aim to reduce obesity, gun violence or political corruption? Second, what should the scope of the government’s authority be in promoting public health? May government enact public health policies some citizens reasonably object to or policies that are paternalistic? Recently, some theorists have attempted to address these questions by arguing that something is a matter of public health if and only if it involves a health-related public good, such as clean water or herd immunity. Relatedly, they have argued that appeals to the promotion of public health should only be used to justify the provision of health-related public goods. This public goods conception of public health (PGC) is meant to enjoy advantages over its rivals in three respects: it provides a better definition of public health than rival views, it respects moral disagreement, and it avoids licensing objectionably paternalistic public health policies. We argue, however, that the PGC does just as poorly, or worse, than its rivals in all three respects.
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Majstorovic, Katarina. "The moral condemnation of corruption." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 176 (2020): 599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn2076599m.
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The definition of corruption, as well as the set of problems that corruption raises, are fundamentally changing due to the different angle from which we perceive it. Usually we cite sociological, legal, economic, political, psychological, ethical as the most common dimensions of this general social problem. This phenomenon is represented by the elementary definition of corruption as an abuse of public office for personal interest. At the heart of this phenomenon is a conflict between the general interest and the self-interest, in circumstances where the priority of self-interest is illegitimate. In this paper, we have provided the background of the most significant causes and consequences of corruption, emphasizing the possible problems with legal mechanisms. Corruption is a criminal offense and thus subject to legal regulation. This regulation is not sufficient to eradicate corruption. Corruption today is devastating and threatens the functioning of the society as a regulated system. We provided an analysis of this process and pointed out its ethical dimensions. The aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of the anti-corruption standpoint as an absolute duty. If every individual adopted Do Not Bribe!, on a personal level, as a perfect duty, corruption would stand no chance. Therefore, we should decentralize attention from the legal and other dimensions to the ethical dimension of the problem of corruption. We have shown in the paper that a clear decision not to participate in corruption due to its moral wrong is a necessary condition if it aims at weakening entrenched bribery practices. That decision is the matter of moral integrity. The conclusion is that any social anti-corruption strategy must start from the analysis of corruption as an action which is subject to ethical analysis.
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Kuhumba, Kevin Shijja. "Aristotle’s Virtue of Justice as an Ethical Solution to Political Corruption: Analysis and Reflection." Al-Milal: Journal of Religion and Thought 2, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46600/almilal.v2i2.87.
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This paper attempts to discuss Aristotle’s concept of justice as an ethical solution to political corruption. The goal of this paper is to present corruption as a form of injustice that deprives the majority from a common good. This paper is very important because it provides ethical solution to grand corruption whereby unscrupulous individuals divert funds meant for development of the entire society into private hands. Due to grand corruption the poor masses are deprived of quality basic needs. The paper focuses on corruption as an immoral act through the lens of Aristotle’s ethical and political insights. The virtue of justice in Aristotle’s ethical and political works are spelled out. The methodology used in this paper is analytical and applied. It is analytical because it analyses Aristotle’s understanding of virtue of justice in his moral theory especially in his book entitled Nicomachean Ethics and justice in his political theory. Finally, the paper makes subsequent applications of Aristotle’s virtue of justice in the realm of ethical solutions to the problem of corruption.
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Igwe, Paul Agu, Obiamaka P. Egbo, Ekwutosi Sanita Nwakpu, Progress Hove-Sibanda, Abu Naser Mohammad Saif, and Md Asadul Islam. "Content Analysis of Ethics of Governance, Maladministration and Political Corruption." International Journal of Public Sociology and Sociotherapy 1, no. 2 (July 2021): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpss.2021070102.
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Although different forms of corruption exist in every region, Africa, South America, Latin America, Russia, and Asia countries, perhaps to a greater extent engage in higher levels of corruption more than other regions of the world. Applying ethics of governance and theory of “patrimonialism,” this article examines governance of ethics and corruption. This article argues that corruption lays the foundation for the abridgement of citizens' rights and perpetuation of underdevelopment. Methodologically, the authors explored contents through multiple media sources, ensuring rigor and trustworthiness. The findings reveal how corruption is being perpetuated in Nigeria, prosecuted, and the challenges. This article finds a strong relationship between corruption, the absence of ethics of governance, and maladministration. Many public and political office holders engage or support corruption; there is lack of moral and ethical considerations. More so, it appears that politics is based on wealth acquisition and self-interest rather than on ideologies.
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Zhegalov, Evgeny A. "Moral and Historical School of Criminalistics." Juridical Science and Practice 16, no. 2 (2020): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0410-2020-16-2-82-86.
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The article considers ways to overcome corruption in the investigation and inquiry bodies by improving the course of criminology and establishing and implementing a moral and historical school. Named origins and pioneers of the ethical-historical school of criminology, given their views on the quality of justice investigator from the psychological side: integrity, strong moral convictions, skill in complex conflict situations, to remain master of their feelings and aspirations, to remain faithful to the moral principles of intolerance to evil, the pursuit of justice, ethical behavior in relations with the suspect, accused, witness, excluding physical or mental violence. It is argued that the communication of the investigator with the accused should not be based on deception and immorality; in such a profession necessary moral fortitude, and perseverance of the investigator in an atmosphere of total temptation and corruption, the ability to effectively resist illegal pressure, selfless dedication in any environment, selflessness, and humanism. The abovementioned application of the content of ethical-historical school of criminology, such as: the development and adoption of a code of ethics for CSI, the CSI oath, improvement or adoption of such codes for various categories of employees of law enforcement bodies and subjects of law enforcement; the implementation of the educational process on criminology interactive exploration of film documents on the history of the sections and fields of criminology, political processes, the Nuremberg trials, investigation and conviction of Nazi criminals and their accomplices, the investigation of disasters, terrorist attacks, the death of political and cultural figures, investigation of resonant crimes from different eras and in recent years, return to the detailed development and implementation in the training of lawyers clear criteria of admissibility of tactics; creation of self-regulating communities in state and law enforcement agencies that can be contacted in cases of corruption pressure. Scientific results demonstrate an extremely low knowledge of the recent history of criminology and the Nuremberg trials by law school graduates. The results are new and have not been published before.
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Okechukwu Okafor, Chiedozie, Nanji Rimdan Umoh, and Uzochukwu C. Chinweze. "Partisan Political Participation and Ethical Moral-Self in Face of Political Corruption: Exposing Psychology of Poverty." Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 30, 2020): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjahss.2020.v08i12.002.
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Abdul Hafid, Rustam Pikahulan, and Hasanuddin Hasyim. "ETIKA HUKUM DALAM POLITIK KEBANGSAAN PERSPEKTIF ISLAM: MORALITAS POLITIK PANCASILAIS." DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum 18, no. 1 (July 12, 2020): 70–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35905/diktum.v18i1.1202.
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The legal and political realities that have developed in Indonesia to date, there is a phenomenon that makes us all worried and uneasy. major illness experienced by our nation and country today, namely corruption and terrorism. This phenomenon is more or less closely related to what is called moral degradation in the realm of politics. moral values and norms (morality) which of course in this case, have to do with political phenomena in terms of nationality, state or power. The focus of research is the existence of ethics in this case concerning human actions or behavior in terms of moral values and norms (morality), which are connected with one aspect of human life, namely politics. This study aims to provide a rather enlightened generation of the nation to avoid bad deeds and to obey the applicable rules, especially in the realm of politics and understand the existence of Indonesian-style national political ethics which are considered not at all contrary to the teachings of Islam. The research method used is a qualitative method. The approach used in this study is as follows: First, the philosophical approach to values, morals or actions. Second, the interpretive approach / interpretation. Third, the juridical approach to state administration. Based on the analysis outlined in the discussion, the researcher concludes that Pancasila is a logical transcendental requirement for the implementation of all legal procedures in Indonesia which is used as a guideline for making laws and regulations, which will then be used as an instrument to assess and regulate whether a behavior or act it can be said good or bad. Likewise, the existence of Islam as a product of Allah (Almighty God) is a system of religious morality that is used by Muslims as an instrument to assess or measure whether a behavior or deed can be said to be good or bad. If the two systems of morality are linked, then it turns out that between one another (substantially or in principle) there is no trace of contradiction.
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Shashkova, A. V. "Corruption as a Problem of Political Theory and Political Practice." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(45) (December 28, 2015): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-6-45-64-73.
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The present article is dedicated to the analysis of "corruption" from point of view of political practice and political theory. The present article studies historical examples of corruption: corruption during the era of Alexander the Great, Carthage, Roman Republic. The article gives the evolution of the term "corruption", pointing out current aspects of the term. The article provides positive and negative results of corruption, gives resume. The present article analyses corruption results: economical, political and social. Most important economical consequences of corruption are the following: increase of shadow economy, decrease of tax payments, weakening of the state budget, breach of market competition, decrease of market effectiveness, destabilization of the idea of market economy. Most important social consequences of corruption are the following: great distinction between the declared and real values, which creates a "double standard" of the moral and behavior, distraction of great sums from public and humanitarian development, increase of property disproportion, increase of social tension. The present article names most important political consequences of corruption: shift of ideas from public development to the security of power of oligarchy, decrease of trust to the state, decrease of image of the country at the international arena, increase of its economical and political isolation, decrease of political competition. The present article gives one of the resumes that the globalization process increases corruption. Together with globalization most important role is given to corporations and corporate corruption comes to the front raw.
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Ameh, John Oko, and Koleola Tunwase Odusami. "Nigerian Building Professionals’ Ethical Ideology and Perceived Ethical Judgement." Construction Economics and Building 10, no. 3 (October 28, 2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v10i3.1602.
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In recent years, Nigeria is often cited in the international media in connection with corruption and other unethical practices. The professionals in the Nigerian building industry are not immune from the national trend in ethical erosion. Moral philosophy or ethical ideology has been used to explain individuals’ reasoning about moral issues and consequent behaviour. This study examines building industry professionals’ ethical ideologies with a view to understanding their ethical behaviour in professional practice. In carrying out this investigation, building professionals in clients’ organisations, contracting and consultancy organisations within the industry were asked to respond to the Ethics Position Questionnaire (EPQ) designed by Forsyth in order to determine their idealism and relativism level. Subsequently, they were classified into one of four groups, representing different ethical ideologies. The result indicates that the dominant ethical ideology of building industry professionals is situationism. The study predicts that the attitude of building industry professionals in practice, given the current socio-political and economic situation of Nigeria would possibly be unethical because of the extreme influence situational factors have on their behaviour. This finding is a bold step and necessary benchmark for resolving ethical issues within the industry and should be of interest to policy makers. It is also useful for intra professional ethical comparison.
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Hunt, Geoffrey. "Moral Crisis, Professionals and Ethical Education." Nursing Ethics 4, no. 1 (January 1997): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309700400104.
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Western civilization has probably reached an impasse, expressed as a crisis on all fronts: economic, technological, environmental and political. This is experienced on the cultural level as a moral crisis or an ethical deficit. Somehow, the means we have always assumed as being adequate to the task of achieving human welfare, health and peace, are failing us. Have we lost sight of the primacy of human ends? Governments still push for economic growth and technological advances, but many are now asking: economic growth for what, technology for what? Health care and nursing are caught up in the same inversion of human priorities. Professionals, such as nurses and midwives, need to take on social responsibilities and a collective civic voice, and play their part in a moral regeneration of society. This involves carrying civic rights and duties into the workplace.
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Syah, Kaharuddin, and Abdul Malik. "Building an Anti-Corruption Legal Culture." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (December 7, 2021): 1523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.174.
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Background: Corrupt behaviour in Indonesia is increasingly becoming a culture, which is undoubtedly destructive to the economy and moral order of the nation. Corruption has become a chronic disease in the country, which requires serious treatment, especially by the state.
Objective: Building an anti-corruption culture is a genuine and sustained intention; such an effort should be spearheaded y the government. Instilling an understanding that corruption is a despicable act based on religious and social norms which are not ethical. However, corruption’s complexity and its modes or categories have kept on the increase along with the vast power of the state in regulating social life. Various attempts have been made by all the previous governments, but they cannot free the country from the tsunami of corruption.
Approach: Though the various policies and law enforcement models have been put in place, corruption persists today. The strategy of building an anti-corruption legal culture should be continuously promoted, in securing a corruption-free future for Indonesia.
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Lang, P. P. "Human rights activities: legal and moral aspects." Juridical Journal of Samara University 7, no. 2 (October 19, 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-047x-2021-7-2-14-20.
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The article considers human rights activities as a phenomenon that constitutes an integral part of the legal society. It identifies problems of a theoretical and practical nature associated with difficulties in this area, caused by both the COVID-19 pandemic and other reasons. An attempt has been made to assess the legal and moral and ethical aspects of such a necessary activity at the present stage of the development of public relations, attention is paid to the position of international bodies regarding human rights activities, its goals and objectives. The importance and relevance of the topic is explained by the fact that, in the opinion of human rights defenders themselves, the entire system of human rights protection, created after one of the most terrible periods in modern world history, is going through a crisis at this historical stage, which is increasingly aggravated under the influence of numerous problems of political and economic nature. Military conflicts, migration, a pandemic clearly demonstrate the obvious need to address the issue of the essence of human rights activities, including its moral and ethical component.
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Kumar, Pawan. "Addressing Political Corruption In India." Politikon: The IAPSS Journal of Political Science 20 (June 29, 2013): 14–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22151/politikon.20.3.
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The debate on the relationship between corruption and democracy involves the fundamental issue of the nature of corruption and that of democracy. Both these concepts can be understood in quite different manners. This paper tries to bring corruption into the realm of democratic theory by focusing on the nature of the problem and its effects on democracy. It begins by discussing the various ways in which theorists and thinkers have conceptualized political corruption, making it a complex phenomenon. This explores how political corruption takes root in and thrives in a democracy. The paper also highlights the importance of focusing more on the effects of corruption so that the systemic nature of the problem can be explored. The intention in this paper is not to come up with any grand theory of corruption but it only seeks to problematize the conventional and prevalent understanding of political corruption. Conventionally, corruption has been considered as a moral, individual or social problem but recent approaches to study corruption have tried to establish link between corruption and democracy by focusing on the effects of corruption on democratic institutions and processes. These different understandings have made corruption a contested field of research as it affects economic, social, and political aspects of a political system almost equally. This exercise insists the need of looking at it from institutional perspective as it is engulfed in social, economic and political fields. The paper presents its arguments by acknowledging the link between reducing corruption and broader process of democratization.
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Bobrova, N. A., M. A. Vlasova, and V. G. Pozin. "CONFLICT OF INTERESTS IS THE BASIS OF CORRUPTION." Vektor nauki Tol’attinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seria Uridicheskie nauki, no. 2 (2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2220-7457-2021-2-5-13.
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Despite the permanent interest of scientists in the issue of corruption, the nature of its basics as an anti-social phenomenon remains understudied. As such principle, the paper considers the conflict of interests of participants in various public relations related to the exercise and abuse of power. The paper aims at showing the nature of the conflict of interests as the basis of such anti-social phenomenon as corruption, identifying subjective and objective causes of corruption. The authors analyze the gaps and weaknesses of current anti-corruption legislation and the practice of its application. The paper gives specific examples of a conflict of interests in various corruptogenic spheres and manifestations, for instance, in the sphere of economic entities’ participation in tenders announced by state and municipal authorities. The authors consider the legal and moral ways of preventing conflicts, the role of ethical norms in preventing conflicts, the legal framework of their prevention and resolution, the ratio of the conflict of interests and the employee’s qualification, the relationship between the material and personal interest, the activities of commissions for preventing a conflict of interests guaranteeing the role of written notification of a conflict of interests, special aspects of the notification procedure, and the consequences of non-compliance with the written notification. The study shows that a conflict of interests and corruption risks are eliminated both through legal means and moral ones, whereby the moral qualities of leaders and the requirements imposed on the heads of state and municipal authorities are of particular importance. Nepotism, increasingly prevalent in power and management structures (kinship and clientelism), is a common form of a conflict of interests, which undermines the moral foundations of public and municipal service.
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Rahendra, Yunus, and Aryani Witasari. "The Politics Of Corruption Eradication Law In The Aspect Of Anti-Corruption Education." Law Development Journal 3, no. 2 (August 10, 2021): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ldj.3.2.416-423.
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The purpose of this study is to explain the need for aspects of anti-corruption education provided in educational institutions. Currently, the government is still focused on the regulation of legislation, especially on efforts to strengthen law enforcement. However, efforts to eradicate corruption by breaking the chain of its emergence by providing anti-corruption education in educational institutions are a promising step if implemented optimally. Based on the above background, problems arise, namely how is the urgency of anti-corruption education, then how is the role of the government in anti-corruption education management. The research approach method used is normative juridical using secondary data. Data collection is done by collecting and analyzing library materials and related documents. Furthermore, the data from this study were analyzed qualitatively, namely by collecting research data to be processed which was then concluded to obtain information and answers to research problems. The conclusion of this research is the need for the role of the educational component to teach moral and ethical doctrine to students from an early age. In addition, the government's role is also important in supporting the implementation of anti-corruption education from the level of policy makers. Among them is the internalization of anti-corruption education in existing subject matter by updating the existing curriculum.
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Zou, Liwei. "Study on the Teaching Reform of Integrating Moral Education into Course "Advanced English"." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fhss.v2i5.724.
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Starting with the exploration and elaboration of the relevant concepts of "curriculum ethical and political guidance", this study investigates how to integrate the concepts into the teaching of the course "Advanced English" by analyzing the teaching status and existing problems, and proposes that the moral education can be carried out from the four aspects of improving teachers’ ethical literacy, refining ethical and political element, developing educational resources, and designing relevant teaching activities in order to integrate the training of language skills with moral guidance.
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Delmas, Candice. "The Civic Duty to Report Crime and Corruption." Les ateliers de l'éthique 9, no. 1 (April 9, 2014): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1024294ar.
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Is the civic duty to report crime and corruption a genuine moral duty? After clarifying the nature of the duty, I consider a couple of negative answers to the question, and turn to an attractive and commonly held view, according to which this civic duty is a genuine moral duty. On this view, crime and corruption threaten political stability, and citizens have a moral duty to report crime and corruption to the government in order to help the government’s law enforcement efforts. The resulting duty is triply general in that it applies to everyone, everywhere, and covers all criminal and corrupt activity. In this paper, I challenge the general scope of this argument. I argue that that the civic duty to report crime and corruption to the authorities is much narrower than the government claims and people might think, for it only arises when the state (i) condemns genuine wrongdoing and serious ethical offenses as “crime” and “corruption,” and (ii) constitutes a dependable “disclosure recipient,” showing the will and power to hold wrongdoers accountable. I further defend a robust duty to directly report to the public—one that is weightier and wider than people usually assume. When condition (ii) fails to obtain, I submit, citizens are released of the duty to report crime and corruption to the authorities, but are bound to report to the public, even when the denunciation targets the government and is risky or illegal.
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Tomiltseva, D. A., and A. S. Zheleznov. "Inevitable Third: Ethical and Political Aspects of Interactions with Artificial Agents." Journal of Political Theory, Political Philosophy and Sociology of Politics Politeia 4, no. 99 (December 12, 2020): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.30570/2078-5089-2020-99-4-90-107.
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Artificial agents i.e., man-made technical devices and software that are capable of taking meaningful actions and making independent decisions, permeate almost all spheres of human life today. Being new political actants, they transform the nature of human interactions, which gives rise to the problem of ethical and political regulation of their activities. Therefore, the appearance of such agents triggers a global philosophical reflection that goes beyond technical or practical issues and makes researchers return to the fundamental problems of ethics. The article identifies three main aspects that call for philosophical understanding of the existence of artificial agents. First, artificial agents reveal the true contradiction between declared moral and political values and real social practices. Learning from the data on the assessments and conclusions that have already taken place, artificial agents make decisions that correspond to the prevailing behavioral patterns rather than moral principles of their creators or consumers. Second, the specificity of the creation and functioning of artificial agents brings the problem of responsibility for their actions to the forefront, which, in turn, requires a new approach to the political regulation of the activities of not only developers, customers and users, but also the agents themselves. Third, the current forms of the activity of artificial agents shift the traditional boundaries of the human and raise the question of redefining the humanitarian. Having carefully analyzed the selected aspects, the authors reveal their logic and outline the field for further discussion.
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Gluchman, Vasil. "Pious Aspects in the Ethical and Moral Views of Matthias Bel." History of European Ideas 39, no. 6 (July 4, 2013): 776–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01916599.2013.816540.
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Campbell, Elizabeth. "Ethical Teaching and the Social Justice Distraction." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 115, no. 13 (April 2013): 216–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811311501313.
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This chapter presents a conceptual argument that positions two broad areas of educational scholarship—the moral and ethical dimensions of teaching and social justice education—as being quite separate, different, and ultimately antithetical, despite contemporary trends towards merging them in both theoretical and practical ways. It argues that an emerging tendency in social justice education to position its political agenda as a moral or ethical endeavor, especially within teacher education, is problematic in that it complicates, rather than enhances, the conceptualization of teaching as moral practice; it further distracts teachers and student teachers from fully engaging with the ethical aspects of their daily professional work.
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Nurmuhametov, E. A., I. F. Nurmukhametova, and O. I. Politika. "The Origins of Corrupt Behavior: Psychological Aspect." Psychology and Law 9, no. 4 (2019): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2019090404.
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The article presents data from a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of corruption and corrupt practices. This phenomenon is perceived by scientists and practitioners more often in economic and legal aspects. Whereas from a psychological point of view, the authors analyze the definition of “corruption” only indirectly and somewhat distantly. Moreover, the psychological analysis of corruption issues mainly aline within the framework of moral, ethical and philosophical views. In this article, corruption and corruption practices are considered in the context of the activity approach of A.N. Leontiev. It is suggested that one of the reasons for the development of corrupt behavior of a person can be a shortage of personal and environmental resources of a person, which allow to reveal oneself in such a socio-psychological phenomenon as "deficiency of normative behavior" in the early stages of adulting. From the standpoint of the activity approach of A.N. Leont'ev suggested that deficiency discovers itself at three levels of life: physiological, mental, and personal. It is concluded that the deficiency of normative behavior contributes to the deformation of the personality structure, is in destructive mode and blocks the differentiation of mental functions reducing the dynamism of interpersonal interactions.
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Zarychanskyi, О. "Psychological aspects of studying corruption in foreign scientific studios." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 3 (51) (2022): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2022.51.22-29.
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The article examines scientific approaches and contexts of studying corruption as one of the most important psychological, social, economic and political problems. The article aims to determine the psychological contexts of the study of corruption as a complex multi-layered social phenomenon in foreign scientific studies; identifying its unexplored psychological variables in order to create conditions for the further development of programs for the prevention of corruption acts. The main areas of scientific analysis were: the perception of social norms and morality in the context of corrupt human behaviour, the influence of cultural beliefs and value systems, cross-cultural and gender specifics of corruption, etc. It is noted that not all societies perceive corruption in the same way. The ambiguity of the evidence of the classical interaction of power and corruption has been revealed. While some studies have indicated that involvement in power increases corrupt behaviour, others have shown that an individual's perception of power is important. It was established that perceived norms and moral costs are the main factors of a person's intention to engage in corruption-related behaviour. The perception that people around us are behaving dishonestly contributes to the further strengthening of such behaviour. Certain personality traits associated with corrupt behaviour have been identified. In particular, psychopathy, narcissism, machiavellianism, extraversion, extrinsic motivation, and low life satisfaction and self-esteem contribute to corruption. Regarding the gender of the participants, the results of the studies were mixed. It is emphasized the need to focus on situations and not on participants involved in petty corruption when forming anti-corruption measures. Rather than wishing for "more honest" officials or favouring stricter controls and fines or higher wages as solutions to corruption, the analytical results point to the importance of reducing the number of situations in which corruption is most likely to turn into corruption.
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Sutherland, S. L. "The Problem of Dirty Hands in Politics: Peace in the Vegetable Trade." Canadian Journal of Political Science 28, no. 3 (September 1995): 479–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900006703.
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AbstractMost treatments of the problem of dirty hands in politics assume that merely holding a position of great political power will require a political actor to violate important moral standards. They assume that the successful political leader must inevitably be morally corrupted by the iniquitous choices that must inevitably be made, and, further, that this casts a shadow upon political life as a moral enterprise. This article argues, instead, that the conventional dirty hands problem is not particularly significant and that a much more serious test of the moral quality of public life in a given polity is how it makes its arrangements for formal public retrospection upon and judgment of the inevitable episodes of unwise, intemperate or immoral political action by leaders. In short, it is the deliberate corruption of democracy that should attract our scrutiny, not the condition of the soul of the supra-ethical or maverick leader.
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Davis, Shoni, Vivian Schrader, and Marcia J. Belcheir. "Influencers of ethical beliefs and the impact on moral distress and conscientious objection." Nursing Ethics 19, no. 6 (June 25, 2012): 738–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733011423409.
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Considering a growing nurse shortage and the need for qualified nurses to handle increasingly complex patient care situations, how ethical beliefs are influenced and the consequences that can occur when moral conflicts of right and wrong arise need to be explored. The aim of this study was to explore influencers identified by nurses as having the most impact on the development of their ethical beliefs and whether these influencers might impact levels of moral distress and the potential for conscientious objection. Nurses whose ethical beliefs were most influenced by their religious beliefs scored higher in levels of moral distress and demonstrated greater differences in areas of conscientious objection than did nurses who developed their ethical beliefs from influencers such as family values, life and work experience, political views or the professional code of ethics.
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Knights, Mark. "EXPLAINING AWAY CORRUPTION IN PRE-MODERN BRITAIN." Social Philosophy and Policy 35, no. 02 (2018): 94–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052519000141.
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Abstract:This essay explores those in pre-modern Britain (chiefly the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries) who were accused of corruption and yet denied their guilt and made defenses, disavowals, justifications, protests, vindications or at least sought to explain away, rationalize, or legitimize their behavior, both to themselves and to others. Six, sometimes overlapping, categories of rationales are identified. Focusing on the strategies and arguments used by the allegedly corrupt has both historical and philosophical value. Thinking about such cases helps both the state and its citizens to be as clear as possible about how to define integrity, and judge whether there was, or is, an intention to break, subvert, or manipulate moral codes. Thus it is not merely the legislator or the law court, but also the court of public opinion, that decides such matters; and debates about the acceptability of such defenses are an important part of a process of public debate about where society has drawn, or does now draw, ethical lines. There are degrees of corruption that need careful evaluation. Thinking about the past also raises interesting questions about whether corruption can be judged across time, culture, and space by a set of universal values. I argue that what appear to be universal values evolved over time as a result of particular cultural circumstances and contests over historical scandals. Contesting corruption allegations was an inherently political process: corruption is not just an economic issue but also a political and moral issue that demands contextualization. That process must include an understanding of national histories.
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Alazzabi, Waled Younes E., Hasri Mustafa, and Ahmed Razman Abdul Latiff. "Corruption and control from the perspective of Islam." Journal of Financial Crime 27, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-02-2019-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore and provide insights into corruption and the control procedures from an Islamic perspective. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts qualitative research approach using the holy Quran as a primary source and hadith of the Prophet Mohammed supported by the anecdotes of his companions as a secondary source and prior literature. Findings This paper offers an Islamic taxonomy of corruption that contains economic, managerial, financial, political, environmental, social and ethical corruption which is explicitly prohibited because of their consequence on societies. Islam establishes proactive, preventive, detecting and reactive procedures to control corruption and prescribes how to avoid its harmful consequences. The paper also reveals significant concepts in relation to individuals’ qualities that if taken care of, better chances to reduce corruption and better living conditions can be accomplished. Research limitations/implications The paper recommends means to the business community through providing managerial and practical procedures which can be used for limiting corruption effectively. However, this piece of work provides further explanations on corruption to improve our understanding on such a phenomenon and contributes to the literature from the perspective of Islam point of view. Originality/value The paper contributes to the debate on corruption, human, religion and control from an Islamic point of view, which is lacking. This paper finds evidence that loss of belief is a situational factor that leads to corrupt acts. Also, moral teaching in early ages is necessary for inner and self-control. Moral renovation is an influential factor that keeps individuals motivated and refrain from indulging into corrupt acts.
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Mujiharto, Samsul Maarif. "Ethical Reflections on the Practice of Pre-Election Polls in Indonesia." Jurnal Filsafat 33, no. 1 (February 27, 2023): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jf.81051.
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This paper aims to connect the practice of pre-election polls to moral issues and democracy. Several studies have indicated that pre-election polls have grown to become essential pillars of democracy. The prediction capabilities of pre-election polls can help politicians arrange strategies to listen to the public's voice and win political contestation. However, since the practice of pre-election polls is not only scientific evidence but also political credential, it crosses the blurry boundary where they intersect one another. Consequently, this may exacerbate some pathologies of polls such as method corruption, data manipulation, bandwagon effect, and political mobilization. Focusing on the 2014 and 2019 Indonesia presidential elections, this paper suggests that ethical consideration to ensure the practice of pre-election polls is necessary for bringing the polls back as one of the prime pillars of democracy.
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Van Holthoon, F. L. "Adam Smith and David Hume: with Sympathy." Utilitas 5, no. 1 (May 1993): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800005525.
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Why did Hume drop sympathy as a key concept of his moral philosophy, and why—on the other hand—did Smith make it into the ‘didactic principle’ of his Theory of Moral Sentiments? These questions confront us with the basic issue of ethical theory concerning human nature. My point in dealing with these questions is to show what views of human nature their respective choices involved. And my procedure will be to take a close look at the revisions they made to their ethical theories to bring out the contrasting aspects of their views of human nature.
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Wijaya, Bambang Sukma. "On the Corruption of Communication: A Theory of Deception." Studies in Media and Communication 10, no. 2 (August 2, 2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v10i2.5500.
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This article elaborates on the issue of communication corruption, namely communicative actions or events that reduce the audience's right to receive messages entirely and correctly, according to normative (objective) and contemplative (subjective) facts. The literature study and reflectivity methods point out at least four main aspects of communication corruption theory: message, media, context, and behavior. This study also proposes a formula to measure and assess the extent to which communication is corrupt, considering communication needs and desires, authority and opportunity, communicative power, audience rights, conscience, and moral responsibility. Three forms of communication are very vulnerable to communication corruption: persuasion, imaging (both in the effort of impression building and impression laundering), and deception. Future studies can use this study as a theoretical and methodological reference. Practically, the findings and propositions of this research are helpful as reflections and guidelines for anticipating and minimizing communication corruption practices in daily and professional activities.
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Ciappei, Cristiano, Anna Marrucci, Giacomo Mininni, and Marina Gallucci. "Political Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility: Enhancing the Role of the Moral dimension." CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, no. 2 (January 2022): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/cgrds2-2021oa12558.
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Society is currently facing profound crises which threaten the stability, development, and individuals' well-being. Specifically, health, environmental, and social crises have become topics of great interest among academics and scholars of Governance. In this transformative environment, companies fulfill a vital role: they need to be responsible to the community by rethinking the maximization of interests. Indeed, businesses should operate by maximizing stakeholder interests and respecting social development. Failure to achieve these priority objectives can have major implications for society. In achieving these ethical goals, Governance covers a crucial role. However, the debate on Governance and management has focused on purely control and administrative aspects. The present research offers a reinterpretation of Governance through a political lens. By examining Shareholder Theory and Stakeholder Theory, it emerges how in corporate management the political approach is superordinate to the ethical approach. This relationship between politics and ethics is analyzed in the context of Corporate Social Responsibility. Indeed, the research argues that Corporate social Responsibility is political and not ethical fact. The ethical roots of Corporate Social Responsibility can only be rediscovered through the enhancement of the moral dimension of management. In addition to Shareholder theory and Stakeholder Theory, the research explores Easton's model of political systems.
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Santos, Renato Almeida dos, Arnoldo José de Hoyos Guevara, Maria Cristina Sanches Amorim, and Ben-Hur Ferraz-Neto. "Compliance and leadership: the susceptibility of leaders to the risk of corruption in organizations." Einstein (São Paulo) 10, no. 1 (March 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082012000100003.
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In the field of organizational management, the term "compliance" designates the set of actions to mitigate risk and prevent corruption. Programs are composed by formal control systems, codes of ethics, educational actions, ombudsmen, and reporting channels - to mention the most recurrent, which vary according to the sector, the institutional culture, and the strategy. Leadership has a fundamental role in the process of compliance, not only due to its power to implement it, but precisely because it exercises this power, in itself, the object of reflections on ethics. The goal of this research was to evaluate the susceptibility of leaders to the risk of breaching organizational rules that involve ethical aspects. For quantitative investigation, we used social and descriptive statistical analysis of secondary data provided by ICTS Global, a company specialized in risk reduction. The study analyzed deals with non-probabilistic sampling by convenience, carried out between the years 2004 and 2008 with employees and candidates of 74 private companies located in Brazil. The final number of individuals studied is 7,267. The indicators analyzed are contained in the index of moral perception of comprehension of individual vision of the concerning hypotheses of ethical conflicts. According to the information obtained in the investigation, leaders are more willing to fail to comply. Paradoxically, the data also show that leaders are more loyal to organizations, raising the hypothesis that the bent toward moral integrity and loyalty to the organization are not necessarily simultaneous behaviors (it is possible that, motivated by loyalty, a leader might break away from individual principles). Based on the data and on bibliographic references, our final considerations point to the importance of considering systems from which leadership is recruited, compensated, promoted, developed, etc., in the prevention of corruption. Our data do not show that leaders are more corrupt, but that they have a greater disposition towards relaxing principles in professional circumstances.
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Tumbol, Johana Betris, and Armin Sukri. "Korupsi dari Perspektif Etika Kristen: Aspek Potensi Korupsi dan Upaya Gereja Meminimalisir Perilaku Korupsi." Jurnal Salvation 3, no. 1 (July 26, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.56175/salvation.v3i1.44.
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Abstract:This study aims to find aspects of the potential for corruption in the church and how to minimize this corrupt behavior. The method used is the descriptive qualitative method. By collecting literature in the form of books and journals related to corruption, corrupt behavior, church and corruption, and Christian ethics - using the tools Publish or Perish, and VOS viewer. Information collected and synthesized to find potential aspects of corruption in the church, namely: Pastors from business backgrounds, church financial management that is not transparent, the Church becomes a place for money laundering, hedonic/materialistic lifestyles of pastors and assemblies, and the existence of prosperity theology. The church's efforts to minimize corrupt practices are: Pastors do not do business, the Church forms a foundation that manages church businesses, transparent church financial management is audited using a public accountant, emphasizes a simple lifestyle, and correct biblical-theological education through interpretation (hermeneutic exegesis) and not misinterpretation (eisegesis hermeneutic). This effort is carried out in awareness of the consequences, obligations, and responsibilities of Christians who have high ethical-moral standards, namely the Bible.Abstrak:Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menemukan aspek potensi korupsi dalam gereja dan cara meminimalisir perilaku korupsi tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Dengan mengumpulkan literatur-literatur berupa buku-buku dan jurnal-jurnal yang berhubungan dengan korupsi, perilaku korupsi, gereja dan korupsi, dan etika kristen - menggunakan alat bantu Publish or Perish, dan VOSviewer. Informasi yang dikumpulkan dan disintesis sehingga menemukan aspek potensi korupsi dalam gereja yaitu: Pendeta dari latar belakang pebisnis, pengelolaan keuangan gereja yang tidak transparan, Gereja menjadi tempat pencucian uang, gaya hidup hedonis/materialistik pendeta dan majelis, dan adanya teologi kemakmuran. Upaya gereja untuk meminimalkan praktek korupsi yaitu: Pendeta tidak berbisnis, Gereja membentuk Yayasan yang mengelola bisnis gereja, pengelolaan keuangan gereja secara transparan diaudit menggunakan seorang akuntan publik, menekankan gaya hidup sederhana, dan pendidikan teologi alkitabiah yang benar melalui penafsiran (eksegesis hermeneutic) dan bukan penafsiran yang keliru (eisegesis hermeneutic). Upaya ini dilakukan dalam kesadaran akibat, kewajiban, dan tanggung jawab sebagai orang-orang Kristen yang memiliki standar moral etis yang tinggi yaitu Alkitab.
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Bagrationi, Irma. "On the Risks of Ethical Decision-Making from the History of the Political Thought." Cybernetics and Computer Technologies, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/2707-451x.21.4.9.
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Introduction: We are interested in the theoretical considerations of the actual pragmatic questions about ethical worldview meaning of understanding of the innovation dealings world, the nature of its conceptual risk dilemmas and problems and sententious thinking in the sphere of political business industry. Our viewpoint is dedicated to the most important aspects of the essence and peculiarities of the social moral standards of innovation approaches in the context of a political solution through methodology of modern mental technology - especially: cognitive methods with gnostic wisdom research and utilitarian creative knowledge and axiological methodology with overestimation ethical values and demonstrating intellectual concepts. Into the framework of the main goal of the research are reviewed the basic theoretical paradigms on the background of ethical worldview analysis (through comparative historical technique of thinking) of the leading-edge conceptual theories of the famous contemporary Russian, American and European thinkers. The purpose of the article is to prove, substantiate and confirm the following thesis. In order for the ethical of timely paroemiac responsibility and political freedom to be able to fulfill its axiological tasks, it is necessary to reach some worldview ideas: ??to create an universal model of moral consciousness and high valuable behavior; overcome mental and sociocultural biases regarding the debatable assessment of the convincingness of events and determine the relevant logical reaction of society not only to a certain risk of eatable technical thinking, but also to uncertainty regarding their intellectual decision in relation to approved ethical, operational, empirical and principled notions, proposals, expression views and suggestions. The results. Scientific conceptual alternatives of optimization of practical and urgent ethical valuable dilemmas are given. The issues of the possibility of formation of a worldview system through practical ethical requirements that standard regulates the reactionary politics of intellectual reality to probabilistic hazards are discussed. The ethical standards of universal prohibitions, the moral responsibility of human nature and the ethics of virtue make a conflict of social and political interests through insurmountable cognitive, discussible, reviewable and discursive difficulties are demonstratively shown. Conclusions. Taking into dominant the essence of the main backgrounds of the existential specific theoretical approaches for worldview methods solving moral political problems is integrated some innovation decisions through valuable considerations. The fundamental ethical concepts of utilitarian thought of historical reminiscences synthesize the possibility problematic circumstances into the logical model of making morally important and useful decisions much easier are analyzed, but through in the valuating pragmatic context needs a main transformation in mental formation of ideological metric and social-political structure. Keywords: ethical worldview decision, political industry, innovation approaches, moral values, mental technologies, risk decision methods, conceptual risk dilemmas.
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Harmatyuk, V. O. "Theoretical and legal aspects of combating corruption in Ukraine." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 4 (November 27, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.04.2.
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It was determined that corruption is a complex not only legal, but also social phenomenon. The factors of successful anti-corruption have long been known and tested by the international community. These are, first of all, openness of government,transparency and clarity of state decision-making procedures, effective mechanisms of control over the activities of state bodies by civil society, freedom of speech, freedom and independence of mass media.Under the conditions of large-scale corruption, the emphasis is on the elimination of the causes, and not on the fight against specific manifestations.Thus, for the legal systems of some developed countries, the use of the term «struggle» in the legislation is not characteristic at all - the legislators lay down in the normative legal act the principles of the prevention of offenses related to a certain sphere of activity.
It was established that the formation of the content of the concept of undue advantage in the legislation of Ukraine is influenced by two different factors at once: 1) a broad understanding of this term in accordance with the tradition of the EU countries and 2) a narrow understanding in accordance with the tradition of the majority of CIS member states and the Istanbul Action Plan.In the author’s understanding, corruption is a socially dangerous phenomenon caused by the crisis features of the country’s social development, which is characterized by a deliberate violation of legal and ethical norms in the exercise of power by officials, on the one hand, and by interested subjects, on the other, which leads to negative consequences in all spheres of social life. This term is broader than the interpretation of the concept of corruption in the current legislation and in the concepts of many scientists, but it covers the main approaches to understanding the concept of corruption as a phenomenon. At the same time, it is possible to formulate the basis of the characteristics of the concept of corruption - the violation of social norms in the process of exercising power.At the same time, the concept of corruption without the element of exercise of power cannot be applied, since the process of exercise of power is the main categorical element of the concept of corruption. In normative acts, it is necessary to generalize the conceptual structure of corruption not as a crime, but as a phenomenon, because the processes that objectively exist in society, caused by the abuse of the official position of civil servants, need to be covered by this concept of various spheres of society’s life, in particular, political, socioeconomic and cultural and humanitarian. Such a state of affairs arises when, as a result of improper prevention and fight against the phenomenon of corruption, a subculture is formed among civil servants who equate civil service with the possibility of systematically using the official position for personal gain.In the future, the concept of the phenomenon of corruption must continue to be studied at the interdisciplinary level, when the methodological apparatus of political, economic and complex humanities will make it possible to categorically enrich legal science in the process of effective comprehensive interpretation of the concept of «corruption».
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Michael Domansky. "SOME ETHICAL ASPECTS OF FEMINISM AND EMANSIPATION." WORLD WOMEN STUDIES JOURNAL 4, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/wwsj.v4i1.10.
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Since its birth, feminism has been closely associated with emancipation. And now it is understood primarily as the liberation of women from discrimination, other trends remain, rather, the exception. Moreover, liberation as a goal is rarely called into question. At the same time, freedom is an ethical category, and the desire for liberation inevitably raises moral questions. Therefore, the connection between feminism and ethics is not accidental. The topics that I want to touch on are, in my opinion, key to understanding this connection. I will begin the discussion with what exactly feminism seeks to free itself from, and for this I will remind you of some facts of female discrimination.
Most women in modern society are overburdened with double work: housework and work to earn financial security. As a result, they give up their careers for the careers of a husband. Well, if he understands this, and if he considers his personal success as a result of joint efforts, and not just his talent. The burden of homework interferes with both professional growth and political activity. If a woman, not neglecting her two works, begins to engage in politics, then this activity - participation in rallies, congresses, the search for sponsors and maintaining relations with them, participation in elections - becomes her third job. It is not surprising that in such a situation, women rarely achieve leadership positions, both in government and in business. Needless to say, double loading leaves few opportunities for continuing education.
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Barlow, Nichola Ann, Janet Hargreaves, and Warren P. Gillibrand. "Nurses’ contributions to the resolution of ethical dilemmas in practice." Nursing Ethics 25, no. 2 (May 3, 2017): 230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733017703700.
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Background: Complex and expensive treatment options have increased the frequency and emphasis of ethical decision-making in healthcare. In order to meet these challenges effectively, we need to identify how nurses contribute the resolution of these dilemmas. Aims: To identify the values, beliefs and contextual influences that inform decision-making. To identify the contribution made by nurses in achieving the resolution of ethical dilemmas in practice. Design: An interpretive exploratory study was undertaken, 11 registered acute care nurses working in a district general hospital in England were interviewed, using semi-structured interviews. In-depth content analysis of the data was undertaken via NVivo coding and thematic identification. Participants and context: Participants were interviewed about their contribution to the resolution of ethical dilemmas within the context of working in an acute hospital ward. Participants were recruited from all settings working with patients of any age and any diagnosis. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from the local National Research Ethics Committee. Findings: Four major themes emerged: ‘best for the patient’, ‘accountability’, ‘collaboration and conflict’ and ‘concern for others’. Moral distress was also evident in the literature and findings, with moral dissonance recognised and articulated by more experienced nurses. The relatively small, single-site sample may not account for the effects of organisational culture on the results; the findings suggested that professional relationships were key to resolving ethical dilemmas. Discussion: Nurses use their moral reasoning based on their beliefs and values when faced with ethical dilemmas. Subsequent actions are mediated though ethical decision-making frames of reference including deontology, consequentialism, the ethics of care and virtue ethics. Nurses use these in contributing to the resolution of these dilemmas. Nurses require the skills to develop and maintain professional relationships for addressing ethical dilemmas and to engage with political and organisational macro- and micro-decision-making. Conclusion: Nurses’ professional relationships are central to nurses’ contributions to the resolution of ethical dilemmas.
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Marchukov, Andrey. "Socio-ethical consequences of the German and Romanian occupation (on the example of the southern and eastern regions of the USSR)." Slavic Almanac 2022, no. 3-4 (2022): 128–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2022.3-4.1.06.
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The article dwells upon some social and moral consequences of the German-Romanian occupation in the Ukrainian SSR in 1941–1944. The source base are transcripts of conversations conducted by the staff of the Commission on the History of the Great Patriotic War of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union with residents of Donbass, Odessa, Melitopol, etc. at the end of 1943 – the first half of 1944. These were people of different ages, professions, social groups who had survived the occupation or had come to these areas immediately after their liberation. The policy of the German and Romanian invaders and their behavior, among other things, had negatively affected the state of legal culture, crime, labor and family relations, and the moral state of society. For example, the phenomenon of bribery had grown dramatically. For some people it was a means of enrichment, while for some others it was a way to survive the inhumane conditions of the occupation. Speculation had acquired a huge scale and had sometimes been a way to survive in the conditions of the socio-economic policy pursued by the invaders. Prostitution, legalized by the occupiers, and the moral corruption and sexual promiscuity imposed by them became a negative moment. These and many other negative aspects required from the Soviet government and from the people additional efforts to overcome the socio-ethical consequences of the occupation.
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Kadivar, Mohsen. "Democracy and ethical values from Islamic perspective." Philosophy & Social Criticism 46, no. 5 (March 13, 2020): 563–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453720909583.
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Inefficiency or inadequateness of Western liberal democracy at home is not the problematic of the rest because they have not experienced it yet! ‘Minimal democracy’ is the problematic of the residents of authoritarian countries. Most of Muslim majority countries are under authoritarian regimes. They struggle to achieve the primary and minimal standards of democracy. The minimal democracy is the necessary condition for providing morality, ethics, justice, fairness, freedom, equality and rule of law. The record of Western liberal democracy for the rest in both periods – colonialism and postcolonialism – is not defendable, neither in support of democracy and human rights abroad nor in support of peace, morality and ethics in the globe. Comparing coexistence of Islam and democracy, Muslim conservatives, Muslim fundamentalists and Orientalists support inconsistency of Islam and democracy, and Muslim reformists advocate their consistency. Almost all of the so-called Islamic law are appropriate to the context of early Islam and do not fit the modern context. According to ethical-based Shari’a, democracy is the best available means for serving the moral purposes of Islam. Democracy offers the greatest potential for promoting justice, protecting human dignity, human freedom and emancipation. In this perspective, Shari’a, that is, ethical virtues, moral norms and standards of life are permanent, immutable, unchangeable and timeless. They are universal aspects of Islam. The Ethical-based Shari’a supports democracy strongly.
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Bobrova, N. A. "Conflict of interest: law enforcement and conflictology." Law Enforcement Review 5, no. 4 (January 5, 2022): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2021.5(4).89-99.
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The subject. The article is devoted to conflictology as one of the most relevant, almost significant, debatable problems in law theory, legal sciences, political science, philosophy, psychology and economics. The author analyzes specific examples of conflicts of interest in various corruption spheres and manifestations, for example, in the sphere of participation of economic actors in the procurement announced by state and municipal authorities.The purpose of the article is to identify the nature of conflicts of interest as the basis of corruption.The methodology. The author uses comparisons of common and private, cause and effect, patterns and randomness, content and form, essence and phenomenon, the transition of quantity into quality, as well as the methods of sociology and psychology.The main results, scope of application. The article analyzes the relationship between corruption and nepotism. The article discusses legal and moral ways to prevent conflict, the role of ethical standards in conflict prevention, regulatory framework for preventing and settling them, the ratio of conflict of interest and employee qualifications, balance of material and personal interest, Commissions to prevent conflicts of interest, guaranteeing the role of writing notice of a conflict of interest, Features of the notification procedure, moral means of preventing and resolve conflicts of interest. Exclusively legal methods are insufficient to prevent and eliminate conflicts of interest and corruption-related risks. A combination of legal and moral measures is necessary, and most importantly, the exclusion of kinship and other forms of nepotism in the formation of government bodies and the appointment of officials, the hiring of state and municipal employees. It is necessary to exclude formalism from the institution of competitive selection of civil servants.Conclusions. The elimination of the contradictions between some federal anti-corruption laws has much less effect on the state of corruption in the state than the flourishing nepotism. The exercise of official functions takes place in the form of law enforcement: if there is no application of the law – there is no corruption. The main emphasis should be directed to the process of forming the apparatus of state and municipal authorities, employees of state and municipal institutions, primarily in the educational sphere, on which the upbringing of new generations of employees depends, the steady observance of high professional and moral requirements imposed on state and municipal employees and teachers in schools and universities.
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Okhotsky, E. V. "Combating Corruption: the President of the Russian Federation Approved a New National Plan." Journal of Law and Administration, no. 3 (January 23, 2019): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2018-3-48-90-98.
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Introduction. The article defnes the place and role of the institution of national anti-corruption planning in the context of the implementation of the state strategy to combat corruption practices, presents the main directions, principles, priorities and objectives of the new national anti-corruption plan, the main components of the mechanism of its implementation.Materials and methods. The scientifc and methodological basis of the this research is formed by the dialectical-materialistic concept of scientific analysis, a set of general scientifc and special methods of research of political, legal, social, moral and managerial aspects of the state strategy in the sphere of combating corruption.Results. The features of the content of the anticorruption powers of public authorities are presented; the nomenclature of innovative components of political, legal, economic, scientifc and educational initiatives of the state in the feld of combating corruption is presented; the main problems that should be paid attention to in the implementation of anticorruption measures under the national plan for the next three years are identifed. The issues of fighting elite corruption, de-offshorization of the economy, de-bureaucratization of management, optimization of the system of organization of tenders and auctions for procurement of goods and services for state and municipal needs, improving the effciency of legal, political and administrative mechanisms to combat corruption are also explored.Conclusion. The necessary generalizations and conclusions are made, some proposals are made to improve the existing anti-corruption mechanism in the Russian Federation.
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Rotberg, Robert I. "Accomplishing Anticorruption: Propositions & Methods." Daedalus 147, no. 3 (July 2018): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00513.
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The insidious practice of corruption cripples institutions, consumes communities, and cuts deeply into the very structure of people's lives. It destroys nations and saps their moral fiber. Corruption is invasive and unforgiving, degrading governance, distorting and criminalizing national priorities, and privileging acquisitive rent-seeking, patrimonial theft, and personal gains over concern for the commonweal. It also costs an estimated $1 trillion annually - roughly a loss of 2 percent of global GDP - and disproportionally affects the most needy countries and their peoples. This opening essay shows that these baleful results need not occur: the battle against corrupt practices can be won, as it has been in several contemporary countries and throughout history. Ethical universalism can replace particularism. Since collective behavioral patterns and existing forms of political culture need to be altered, anticorruption endeavors must be guided from the apex of society. Consummate political will makes a critical difference. Anticorruption successes are hard-won and difficult to sustain. This essay and this special issue show what can and must be done.
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Dowie, Al. "The enigma of health: cultural, health political, and philosophical aspects." Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 51, no. 1 (March 2021): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4997/jrcpe.2021.109.
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Ethics, at its core, relates to our practices and their moral justification. The practice of medicine, by definition, takes place in a fundamentally ethical context. In ordinary circumstances the goals to which physicians direct their medical practices are held tacitly, but sometimes fresh examination of these is occasioned. This conceptual article considers a range of approaches that have been taken to the notion of health, ancient and modern, historical and contemporary, beginning with the socio-cultural, then the health political, and finally the medical philosophical. Although these are contrasting perspectives, each are bound up with questions of values and of the relation between the objective and subjective. The contrast is discussed between the idea of health as a positive and dynamic condition in terms of functional ability, and characterisations of health as purely the absence of disease. Finally, a typology of theories of health is proposed along ontological and epistemological lines.
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Rosół, Piotr. "Being Good, Moral and Rational in a Context of Climate Change." ETHICS IN PROGRESS 7, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/eip.2016.1.2.
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Climate change has become a popular topic with a strong presence in media, political, scientific and ethical debates. This raises a question as to why we are not acting in accordance with our knowledge and are unable to do enough to protect our future. The paper argues that the problem partly arises from a lack of philosophical reflection about relations between different aspects of our personalities. Those different aspects are presented based on the reflections of Thomas Nagel on good, moral, and rational ways of life. I claim that all three need to be taken into consideration in order to answer challenge raised by the environmental dangers we are facing.
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Siroj, Malthuf. "Korupsi Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Strategi Pemberantasannya." AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 11, no. 2 (January 2, 2017): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v11i2.1038.
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Corruption is an extraordinary crime because of its negative impact on the aspects of community life. People who have been infected by this deadly virus would die slowly but surely. This crime has a tremendous potential to cause misery, destitution and suffering of many people, especially the lower class people who do not have access to the power and economy; those who would have their rights only if they were given by the state. Corruption is a modern term whose synonym could not be found in the Islamic legal literature. However, by recognizing the elements contained, the term in Islamic criminal law is closely related to theft (sariqah), bribery (risywah), embezzlement of property (ghulul) and robbery (hirabah) with different legal sanctions. Corruption occurs because of many factors such as materialistic-consumerism lifestyle, costly political system, weak leadership, lack of religious and ethical education, social and legal systems that support corrupt behaviors. To eradicate corruption, repressive ways can be done through the penal system as well as preventive efforts through non penal system.
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Wilkis, Ariel. "Money, morality, and politics in the slums of Buenos Aires." Horizontes Antropológicos 22, no. 45 (June 2016): 49–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-71832016000100003.
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Abstract Studies on the political life of the poor in Latin American have rarely focused on money, although there have been works focused on the survival strategies of the poor; political clientelism; and collective mobilizations. In this article, I analyze political life in the poor neighborhoods of Greater Buenos Aires through the lens of money that circulates within the Peronist networks. I conducted ethnography fieldwork between 2006 and 2010. Does money have a legitimate role in politics? Has the monetization of political activities dissolved values, commitments, and loyalties among the poor? Is this corruption, or is this an ethical exchange among people who lack cash but possess moral capital? Here, I analyze how money becomes necessary to strengthen commitments, loyalties, obligations, expectations, and plans for both leaders and activists. Reconstructing this process can provide a foundation for the revision of place of money in political life.
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Assegaf, Abdurrachman. "CURBING CORRUPTION THROUGH TERTIARY EDUCATION IN INDONESIA AND JAPAN (ANALYSIS OF LEGAL SYSTEM AND ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE)." Analisa: Journal of Social Science and Religion 2, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.18784/analisa.v2i2.452.
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Corruption has become a global issue, whereas almost every country, whatever tough or slight it is, got to fight against it. It means that none of single country in the world is corruption free. This study analyzes anti-corruption policies and educational strategies enforced by Indonesian and Japanese Government. Data was collected through documentation and literature review, and to some extent, cultural behaviors of both countries were observed. This study used the theory of legal system by Lawrence M Friedman as an analysis method. The main research questions are: first, how are the Government’s policies enacted to eradicate corruption in Indonesia and Japan? Second, what educational strategies are implemented by both countries for combating corruption? Third, how Islamic perspective deals with anti-corruption practices? The research findings indicate several points: firstly, Indonesia has very complex social and cultural background if compared to Japan. Indeed Indonesia has some weaknesses such as weak of economic conditions, high levels of poverty, lack of political will, weak of cultural order, lack of honest and discipline attitudes, and lack of law enforcement. Indonesia’s anti-corruption policies enforced today is Act Number 31 of 1999, while Japan enacted several interrelated law compiled in Penal Codes (PC). Secondly, the implementation strategy for anti-corruption education in Indonesia is preventive, detective and repressive strategies. Meanwhile, Japan applies integrated strategies in social, political, economic, cultural, and education dimension. It is expected that the results of this study can contribute to the prevention and eradication of corruption in Indonesia more comprehensively, not only through legal means but education, especially higher education through internalization of moral and Islamic values of anti-corruption in all aspects of live.
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Katz, Claudio J. "Private Property versus Markets: Democratic and Communitarian Critiques of Capitalism." American Political Science Review 91, no. 2 (June 1997): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2952356.
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This essay assesses communitarian and democratic critiques of capitalist economies. Distinguishing them are sharply contrasting evaluations of markets and private property. Communitarian critics of capitalism trace its moral failure to the marketplace. Drawing on Aristotle's normative economics, this school maintains that production for gain corrodes society's moral fabric. I defend the democratic approach. Democratic critics accept the modern claim that markets are both efficient and liberating. Capitalist ownership relations are another matter, indicted because they constitute a form of private power over people's lives. I reconstruct the ethical core of the democratic school and contend that it offers a better understanding of the most objectionable aspects of capitalist economies while avoiding the dangers inherent in the communitarian approach.
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Durante, Chris. "Bioethics and multiculturalism: nuancing the discussion." Journal of Medical Ethics 44, no. 2 (August 11, 2017): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2015-103334.
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In his recent analysis of multiculturalism, Tom Beauchamp has argued that those who implement multicultural reasoning in their arguments against common morality theories, such as his own, have failed to understand that multiculturalism is neither a form of moral pluralism nor ethical relativism but is rather a universalistic moral theory in its own right. Beauchamp’s position is indeed on the right track in that multiculturalists do not consider themselves ethical relativists. Yet, Beauchamp tends to miss the mark when he argues that multiculturalism is in effect a school of thought that endorses a form of moral universalism that is akin to his own vision of a common morality. As a supporter of multiculturalism, I would like to discuss some aspects of Beauchamp’s comments on multiculturalism and clarify what a multicultural account of public bioethics might look like. Ultimately, multiculturalism is purported as a means of managing diversity in the public arena and should not be thought of as endorsing either a version of moral relativism or a universal morality. By simultaneously refraining from the promotion of a comprehensive common moral system while it attempts to avoid a collapse into relativism, multiculturalism can serve as the ethico-political framework in which diverse moralities can be managed and in which opportunities for ethical dialogue, debate and deliberation on the prospects of common bioethical norms are made possible.