Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Political considerations'
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Klien, Shira. "Education in India : market failures and political considerations." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1930/.
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Governments around the world fund schools and are also involved in operating them. There is wide agreement that governments should be involved in provision of education, but the appropriate level and form of their involvement is a subject of debate. The key justifications for government involvement are externalities and credit market imperfections, and this thesis examines these inefficiencies within the context of India's education system. Chapter 2 assesses human capital externalities in India. It demonstrates that living in a locality with educated individuals has a strong beneficial effect on wages over and above the effect of one's own education. In line with theoretical predictions, the effect is strongest for small geographical areas. In contrast to a general equilibrium interpretation of the results, skilled labour also benefits from a better level of local education. Furthermore, human capital externalities are more pronounced in nonprimary industries. Chapter 3 analyses the effect of credit constraints on education. The principal findings are that credit constraints significantly reduce school attendance and increase wealth inequalities in educational outcomes. Temporary income shocks reduce the probability of attending school, but access to credit mitigates this effect. Finally, the results are not limited to short-term outcomes, but are also seen to be present in long-term outcomes. Chapter 4 studies how representation of teachers in India's state Upper Houses affects the provision of education. The main results are that teacher representation increases employment of teachers in represented schools and reduces employment in unrepresented schools, with a corresponding effect on educational outcomes. Rather than achieving the intended objectives of teacher representation, teachers seem to have used their political power to shift resources in their favour.
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Apperley, Alan Robert. "Personal autonomy and health policy : some considerations in political theory." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/37880/.
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This thesis examines some of the implications for social policy of an account of human nature frequently associated with liberal political theory. Taking as its starting point the claim that the objectives of social policy are contested, it seeks to develop an account of autonomy that will serve as a neutral 'organizational principle' around which to construct social policy. A particular version of personal autonomy is developed and defended against both abstract Kantian moral autonomy, and the individualism often associated with liberal theories. This project is pursued first through a discussion of the relationship of autonomous persons to 'social forms', and then through a critique of libertarian and 'intellectualist' accounts of autonomy. It is argued that, since autonomy is not only employed in the making of choices, but also in the implementing of those choices, it follows that the autonomous person must, of necessity, be viewed 'holistically' for the body is the primary means of implementing the choices autonomous persons make. The health of the body, as well as that of the mind, therefore assumes importance for any social policy that takes autonomy to be a fundamental objective. The implications for such an account of social policy are then explored in two ways. First, through a discussion of the phenomenon of 'medicalization'. Second, through a discussion of the Prevention and Health campaign. In the first instance, it is argued that the assumption that medicalization systematically undermines autonomy is ill-founded because theories of medicalization misunderstand what it is to be autonomous. In the second instance, the discussion of preventive health-care policy serves to illustrate the fundamentally erroneous assumptions of individually-focussed health-care programmes. In conclusion, it is argued that a unified account of autonomous persons must inevitably lead to a more integrated social policy.
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Pariona, Arana Raúl. "The abuse of authority crime. Dogmatic and political-criminal considerations." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/107280.
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In a State governed by the rule of law and respect for institutions, the power is never absolute, but rather a limited one. In that order, when public officials exceed their authority and attributions, the legal system should have a reaction.In the present article, the author realizes an explanation and an analysis about the abuse of authority crime. According to national and international doctrine, and Peruvian jurisprudence, the author presents how to understand the legal right protected, the objective and subjective tipicity, the active and passive subjects, as well as the sanction in this crime.En un Estado democrático de Derecho, el poder nunca es absoluto, sino más bien limitado. En ese sentido, cuando los funcionarios públicos se exceden en sus funciones o atribuciones, corresponde una reacción de parte del ordenamiento.En el presente artículo, el autor realiza una explicación y un análisis sobre el delito de abuso de autoridad. De acuerdo a la doctrina nacional e internacional, y a la jurisprudencia peruana, el autor señala cómo entender el bien jurídico que se protege, la tipicidad objetiva y subjetiva, los sujetos activo y pasivo, así como la pena en este delito.
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Chrona, Stavroula. "The psychology of political behaviour in Turkey : the affective, cognitive and motivational nature of citizens' political considerations." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844704/.
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This thesis investigates the psychological underpinnings of citizens’ political judgements in Turkey. Drawing upon political psychology studies, it focuses on the cognitive, affective and motivational components of political behaviour and investigates the role that ideological inclinations, value-orientations, emotions and sophistication play in shaping individual-based political decisions. By taking account of the electoral stronghold of the AK Party - whose roots are traced to its pro-Islamist agenda - in combination with the recent authoritarian turn in the country, the examination sheds light on the way citizens negotiate their political belonging and shape their positions in a non-traditional Western context. In doing so, the study uses both quantitative and qualitative data: the 2007 World Value Survey, a survey conducted in Ankara in 2009, and 25 semi-structured interviews with Turkish citizens. The findings highlight the importance of ideological divisions, value orientations and affective expressions of public opinion driving differential accounts of the socio-political reality, thus confirming the widely acknowledged high levels of polarization in Turkey. A key division emerges around ideological inclinations and values dividing citizens on the basis of their position towards the AK party. Also, the research suggests that more moderate segments of the population converge when it comes to the importance of individual freedoms and rights, the importance of democracy and the coexistence of traditions and modernization. Political sophistication conditions the function of ideology, values, and emotions at the individual level highlighting important differences in the belief systems of high sophisticates and novices.
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Townsend, John. "Seven contemporary French political thinkers : considerations of individualism, humanism and value pluralism." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2001. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/826e3510-c0fd-4bbe-b78c-979e057f981a/1/.
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This thesis focuses upon a significant body of contemporary French political thought which takes as its starting point a contention that both the monist and doctrinaire political precepts dating from the Revolution and the consequent Hegelian, Marxist and structuralist thinking linked to these precepts have become anachronistic and hence have little relevance in present-day France. The originality of this doctoral thesis lies in the analysis of the work of seven political thinkers. All of these thinkers, recognizing a break in the continuity of French political thought consequent upon the claim of François Furet that the "Revolution is complete", have sought to rationalize and reconcile the values of individualism, humanism and modernity in contemporary France. In contrast to the political thinkers of the Sartrean generation, whose work took little account of the actual practice of politics, in the seven thinkers seek to relate the philosophical problems inherent in considerations of individual and communal rights and values to the present-day political environment. Each of the seven has sought to rationalize a political situation, novel in France, of an acceptance of the concept of agreeing to differ on matters of substance and of a recognition that a modern democratic state is heteronomous and may contain a substantial range of incommensurable values . This amounts to an acceptance of agonistic value pluralism, that is, of the idea of political conflict which is constructive (by contrast with the destructive conflict of revolutionary-inspired doctrines) and which leads to the evolution of arguments broadly acceptable to a majority in situations in which there is a clash of values. Thus the practice of politics has become a succession of endeavours to arrive at optimum solutions to conflictual problems, rather than a search after chimerical, maxirnalist answers . Each of the seven has sought to rationalize a political situation, novel in France, of an acceptance of the concept of agreeing to differ on matters of substance and of a recognition that a modern democratic state is heteronomous and may contain a substantial range of incommensurable values. This amounts to an acceptance of agonistic value pluralism, that is, of the idea of political conflict which is constructive (by contrast with the destructive conflict of revolutionary-inspired doctrines) and which leads to the evolution of arguments broadly acceptable to a majority in situations in which there is a clash of values. Thus the practice of politics has become a succession of endeavours to arrive at optimum solutions to conflictual problems, rather than a search after chimerical, maxirnalist answers.
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Hadani, Michael. "Governance mechanisms and corporate political activity ownership considerations in a non-market context /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.
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Itene, Moses Akpofure. "Problems of nuclear weapons disarmament in international law : legal challenges and political considerations." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2018. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34780/.
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This thesis explores the legal rationale and political considerations for nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. Nuclear weapons are the most dangerous weapons on earth. Only one can destroy a city, with the potentiality of killing millions and affecting the lives of a whole generation through its lasting calamitous consequences and jeopardising the natural environment. Nuclear weapons are normally classified alongside with chemical and biological weapons as Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and their danger surrounds their very existence. Disarmament has been axiomatically accepted as the best safeguard against their threat, but achieving the aim of disarmament has a tremendously difficult international, socio-legal and political challenge. There are about 22,000 nuclear weapons allegedly remaining in our world today and over 2,000 nuclear tests have been conducted to date. This is to check their functionality by the Nuclear Weapon States (NWS) and to demonstrate to real and potential enemies the potency of their nuclear forces. Consequently, International Law provides the framework within which States conduct their international affairs, usually accepting certain reciprocal constraints and regulating exceptions raised on nuclear weapons disarmament and for ensuring global peace. However, in as much as the NWS and their allies rely on nuclear weapons as legitimate security protective hedge for self-defence, efforts to ensure nuclear disarmament will invariably suffer from a fundamental contradiction and credibility deficit. This research, which unravels contemporary discourse on nuclear weapons disarmament, is burdened by the globally entrenched nuclear hegemony by the NWS and the looming danger of nuclear crisis across the world such as North Korea and other “rogue States” unbridled nuclear ambitions. The doctrinal legal research methodology is being used in analysing, synthesising and critiquing the legal and political issues associated with the research. The possession of nuclear weapons and reliance on nuclear deterrence are tangible evidence of nuclear proliferation. The more the world realises the global humanitarian consequences associated with nuclear weapons, the stronger the case and urgent steps needed against them. The nuclear technological threshold is rapidly growing, for political rather than technological purposes. This thesis therefore argues for more effective monitoring and compliance, together with greater enforcement of nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament commitments and obligations,especially in accordance with the provisions of the newly emerged Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons(TPNW)for the realisation of the desired objective of a nuclear free world. As part of the research findings, it is clear that any use of nuclear weapons would violate all the principles of International Humanitarian Law including jus ad bellum (when States are compelled to engage in warfare) and jus in bello (rules of engagement in war). This is as a result of the unthinkable humanitarian emergencies, catastrophic global consequences on the environment, climate, health, social order, human development and economic impacts nuclear weapons would potentially cause. According to the 2002 Rome Statute of International Criminal Court provisions, any use of nuclear weapons would amount to genocide (Article 6), crime against humanity (Article 7) and war crime (Article 8). Still from the research findings, both nuclear weapons and nuclear deterrence are arguably described as illegitimate instruments of State policies and they constitute instrumentalities of international lawlessness in the midst of earliest and contemporaneous legal instruments on nuclear disarmament. The fundamental recommendation arising from this research is that all States at all times need to comply with applicable international law on nuclear disarmament in conformity with the International Court of Justice Advisory Opinions on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons and on the legality of use of nuclear weapons by a State in armed conflict. Significantly, all the Nuclear Weapon States should fulfil their commitments on the 13 practical steps towards disarmament outlined at the 2000 Non-proliferation Treaty Review and Extesion Confenece (NPTREC), for the actualisation of general and complete nuclear disarmament.
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McKinnon, Laurie. "An Examination of the Judicial Peremptory Challenge| Variations between States and Considerations of Constitutionality." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10126112.
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Seventeen states allow for a judicial peremptory challenge of a trial judge. Seven of these states require that a new judge be assigned to the case without any showing of bias, prejudice or impartiality. The remaining ten states require some showing, primarily through an affidavit or certification, which meets requirements set forth by the statute or rule. Distinctions between the various challenge procedures were examined. State jurisprudence addressing the competing constitutional principles of maintaining a litigant’s right to a fair and impartial tribunal and the presumption of a trial judge’s impartiality was examined within the context of the doctrine of separation of powers, improper delegation of judicial power, and analogies to the peremptory strike of a juror. Having found no constitutional infirmities, except perhaps under circumstances unique to the evolution of a state’s particular rule or statute, the decision of whether to remove by a peremptory challenge a presumptively impartial judge should be left to the policy branch of government—the legislature.
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McAdams, Erin Stamatia. "The Psychological Dynamics of Group-based Considerations on Partisanship: A Case Study of Christian Conservatives and Conflict in the Republican Party." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243376142.
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Becker, Jonathan A. "Changing Soviet press coverage of the United States in the Gorbachev era : domestic and foreign considerations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358451.
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Blomdahl, Mikael. "The political use of force : beyond national security considerations as a source of American foreign policy /." Stockholm : Department of Political Science, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8159.
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Butare, Albert. "Mechanisms and instruments of implementing the Rwanda energy policy taking into account social, economic, and political considerations." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492394.
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The ways in which State affairs are run in different countries, most commonly involve similar standard frameworks. Formulation of constitutions, policies and legislations that assist in providing guidelines for application and monitoring of the established rules and regulations are examples of such frameworks. What defines the flagship of each State, though, is not much to do with the nature of each State's constitution and policies, but rather the actual implementation of the respective constitutions, policies and legislations.
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Rovirosa, Madrazo Citlali V. "Indigenous rights, ethnocentrism and the crisis of nation-state : paradigmatic considerations for human rights. Zapatista rebellion in Mexico and ethnic conflict in Nicaragua." Thesis, University of Essex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309772.
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Brown, J. Aaron. "Special Problems for Democratic Government in Leveraging Cognitive Bias: Ethical, Political, and Policy Considerations for Implementing Libertarian Paternalism." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/76.
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Humans have now amassed a sizable knowledge of widespread, nonconscious cognitive biases which affect our behavior, especially in social and economic contexts. I contend that a democratic government is uniquely justified in using knowledge of cognitive biases to promote pro-democratic behavior, conditionally justified in using it to accomplish ends traditionally within the scope of government authority, and unjustified in using it for any other purpose. I also contend that the government ought to redesign institutional infrastructure to avoid triggering cognitive biases where it is not permitted intentionally to manipulate such biases and to optimize the effects of such biases where permissible. I shall use the United States of America as an example throughout, but my conclusions apply equally to any democracy which values the political autonomy of its populace.
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Yuan, Yangyang. "Considerations affecting the evaluations of the Ohio governor in the 2002 gubernatorial election an integrated model of priming and reasoning chain /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1072280616.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 119 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Gerald Kosicki, School of Journalism and Communication. Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-119).
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Bergkvist, Robert. "Considerations of Commitment and Capacity : A Study of the SADC Infrastructure Regulation Environment." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk historia och internationella relationer, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194065.
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Chiasson, Basil Alexander Eugene. "Harold Pinter and the performance of power : considerations of affect in select plays, screenplays and films, poetry and political speeches." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4620/.
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This thesis looks at selections of Harold Pinter's work across multiple media: written dramatic texts, screenplays and poetry, activity in theatrical and film production and his political activism. It has been argued that Pinter's dramatic medium is exceeded by movements, intensities and forces that operate on and circulate within the corporeal bodies of Pinter's 'audiences'. However, approaches to Pinter to date remain overly focused on representation and hermeneutics and tied to a decidedly idealist conception of being, perception and knowledge. I argue that in order to appreciate the politics of Pinter's aesthetics, readings of Pinter's work need to move in a more decidedly materialist direction. To do so, I enlist the conceptual tools of Gilles Deleuze and felix Guattari, specifically 'affect'. In bringing affect theory to Pinter I illustrate how 'the direct, mutual involvement of language and extra-linguistic forces,1 must be taken into account at every critical step, and that meaning need be construed as a material process, the expression of forces acting upon each other. The diversity of Pinter's work is explored over six chapters with a view to its aesthetic disposition and function, how it enters into noteworthy relations with those who engage with it, and how it establishes conditions that are propitious for transitory but ultimately productive trans formative encounters. Proceeding as such necessitates appraisal of ethical and political positions in relation to Pinter's expression without distinguishing politics from aesthetics - a trend common to intellectual enterprise. Rather, the three keywords in the title of this thesis - performance, power and affect - function as concepts to advance the argument for Pinter's aesthetics as a politics. In considering the aesthetics of Pinter's work in varied media, this thesis invites the reader to see the strategies by which Pinter intervenes in each area as interrelated and political.
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Mancuso, Richard. "Ethical Considerations Facing the Regulation of Self-Driving Cars in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1515.
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Self-driving cars are here. Once an advanced technology that seemed futuristic, they are now closer than most believe. Many of the largest automobile manufacturers are working on autonomous vehicle technology of their own. Perhaps most well-known, though, are the cars being developed by Tesla and Google. Both companies have well-developed prototypes of fully autonomous vehicles, meaning they require no human input or supervision, and Tesla has promised widespread, consumer availability of this technology in the next one to two years.
Along with the availability of this technology to the public and transportation companies like Uber and Lyft, comes a need to establish a regulatory environment. Regulators need to contemplate a new, yet complex, technology with far-reaching implications and determine how best to regulate necessary components. In this paper, I plan to explicate and analyze the ethical impact of the proliferation of self-driving cars that regulators should consider when determining how they ought to regulate.
I will do this by first clarifying any technical terms one might need to be familiar with as well as discussing some of the requisite considerations. Then, I plan to explore a some of the pitfalls regulators might be subject to as they navigate the associated complex issues. Finally, I will explain and analyze the likely benefits and potential risks resulting from roadways filled with autonomous vehicles.
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McGregor, Brodie. "Suffering and political thought : a theological consideration of the propriety of suffering as a category in political thought." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9514.
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This thesis examines the propriety of suffering as a category in political thought. This complex subject matter is approached by examining two responses, and the disagreement arising between these responses, to the perceived failure of politics, modernity and religion in Europe in the first half of the twentieth century. The first response to these failures considered is a theological response, representing a politics based on belief, in which we turn to the writings of J.B. Metz as a representative of this position. The second response considered is the philosophical civic humanism of Hannah Arendt as a seminal representative of what we term a politics based on unbelief. Our question regarding suffering as a category in political thought brings our two representative thinkers into disagreement. Metz presents a vision of political life in which belief – and specifically Christian belief – must liberate itself from privatising forces which confine belief and a response to suffering to the private sphere as a matter of individual concern and inward piety. For Metz the issue of suffering is not merely a matter of individual private concern but of political action. Central to his argument are his understanding of theodicy that forms part of his critique of modernity, the central place he gives Christ’s cry of dereliction in theology and his concept of Leiden an Gott. Arendt, representative of politics strictly separated from religion on Modernity’s grounds, robustly argues that concerns which are matters of the private sphere, that is the household, have invaded the public realm and in doing so have destroyed politics. Suffering is such a concern and it introduces to politics the ‘problem of necessity’ and impinges upon her concept of human freedom. She therefore represents the antithesis of Metz’s position. In order to answer our question regarding suffering our argument focuses by engaging with the issues of freedom and forgiveness. This move is important in establishing the basis on which suffering can appear in the political realm. This thesis argues for and concludes that theology provides the means for a reconciliation of the antinomies between the private and public spheres, between suffering and political thought. We therefore conclude that suffering is an appropriate concern of political life and compassion in the form of Christian charity can take an appropriate form in the political sphere.
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Wong, Albert Robert. "Non-liberal individualism: a consideration of the political views of Charles Taylor." Thesis, Boston University, 1997. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27802.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
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Angolano, Joseph. "Politics as a craft : the equal advancement and consideration of interests." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/440/.
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This thesis aims to provide a frame work by which citizens in a democracy can become empowered and take ownership of their democratic institutions and the public sphere in which they discuss solving the problems that they face as a society. In short, this work will argue that politics is a craft, and that political actions are skills. If citizens learn to better practice this skill, then democracy will be better off. It will become better off since more citizens will feel more empowered to participate in the political process if they have their political skills well developed. As will be argued in the second chapter of this thesis, disempowerment can come about even in the face of an equal distribution of formal power and the absence of what Iris Marion Young has called internal exclusions, when citizens have a general feeling of inadequacy while participating. Another term for this psychological malaise that some participants feel is political mortification. Instituting politics as a craft entails creating school curriculums and adult education programs that have students develop their political skills, and that this can help create empowered citizens that want to engage in the political process.
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Bjornberg, Karin. "Rethinking human security : taking into consideration gender based violence." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71706.
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Includes bibliographyENGLISH ABSTRACT: The human security concept challenges the traditional view of state security. The very essence of human security means to respect human rights. The Commission on Human Security did not focus on women as a special area of concern in the 1994 Human Development Report. The report does not recognise that being subject to gender hierarchies increases women’s insecurity and that women experience human security differently from men and shows that the human security concept does not include gender based violence (GBV) because there is no specific attention paid to issues that predominantly pertain to women. This study is conducted from a feminist perspective. It is reflexive research and based on standpoint theory. The data is gathered through analysis of secondary data and primary data, collected through interviews. GBV in South Africa tends to be continuous and the perpetrator is most likely to be a spouse or partner. Studies show that women are seen as being dependent on and weaker than men. Many men view women’s rights legislation as a challenge to the legitimacy of men’s authority over women. Women who try to be more independent in their relationships are regarded as threats and violence against them becomes a way for men to show control. The criminal justice system in South Africa has made progress in protecting women from GBV but myths, stereotypes and social conventions still prevent women from receiving justice. Traditionally, the state regards what happens in the private sphere as outside its responsibility. The public/private dichotomy challenges state regulations and norms which is evident in the case of domestic violence. It is often argued that GBV has remained imperceptible because it takes place in the private sphere. However, this research indicates that due to the socio-economic situation in South Africa, the abuse is often publicly known by those in the immediate environment as people live in informal housing. This research shows that a human security framework that targets GBV has to be developed for those who bear its consequences. When women are not viewed as subjects, issues that mainly affect them remain invisible. It is necessary that analysis of human insecurity starts from the conditions of women’s lives. Many women in South Africa live highly traumatic lives. Fighting GBV requires that we know the victims of GBV and let them decide what they need to feel secure. Creating human security requires that other threats which contribute to GBV, such as poverty, gender stereotypes and prejudice are also addressed. GBV has become an epidemic in South Africa and is a permanent constraint in women’s lives and impacts society as a whole. The security of the state rest on the security of women and as long as the state fails to treat GBV as a serious crime and protect women the state is more likely to use violence on a larger scale against its citizens.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Menslike Veiligheidskonsept daag die tradisionele siening van staatsveiligheid uit: die kerbetekenis van Menslike Veiligheid is om menseregte te respekteer. Die Kommissie op Menslike Veiligheid het nie op vroue as ‘n spesiale area van kommer gefokus in die Menslike Ontwikkelingsverslag van 1994 nie. Die verslag het daarin gefaal om te erken dat die realiteit van geslags-hiërargieë vroue se insekuriteit verhoog, en dat die ervaring van menslike sekuriteit van mans en vroue verskil. Hierdie navorsing sal toon dat die menslike veiligheidsbegrip nie in staat is om geslags-gebaseerde geweld (GGG) in ag te neem nie, aangesien daar geen spesifieke aandag verleen is aan vraagstukke wat hoofsaaklik op vroue betrekking het nie. Hierdie studie is vanuit 'n feministiese perspektief gedoen. Die navorsing is reflektief en op standpunt-teorie gebaseer. Die data is deur die analise van sekondêre data, asook die gebruik van primêre data i deur middel van onderhoude ingesamel . GGG in Suid-Afrika is geneig om oor ‘n uitgerekte tydperk plaas te vind en die mees waarskynlike oortreders is ‘n eggenoot of lewensmaat. Navorsing toon dat gemeenskappe geneig is om vroue as swakker en afhanlik van mans te sien. Wetgewing op die regte van vroue word deur vele mans as ‘n uidaging van hul legitieme superioriteit, ten op sigte van vroue, gesien. Vroue wat dus onafhanklikheid in hul verhoudings probeer uitoefen, word as bedreigings gesien en geweld word gebruik om hulle “in hul plek te hou”. Die Suid-Afrikaanse kriminele regstelsel het al vordering gemaak in terme van die beskerming van vroue teen GGG, maar mites, stereotipes en sosiale konvensies belemmer steeds die volle gang van die gereg. Die staat het in die verlede die private sfeer as buite sy jurisdiksie gesien. Die openbare/private sfeer digotomie bied uitdagings vir staatsregulering en vir die implementering van regulasies , en dit word veral duidelik in die geval van huishoudelike geweld. Daar word aangevoer dat aangesien GGG in die private sfeer plaasvind, dit onsigbaar bly. Hierdie navorsing het egter bevind dat GGG in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks dikwels in die openbare gemeenskapsfeer (deur diegene in die onmiddelike omgewing) opgemerk word, omdat baie mense in Suid-Afrika informele nedersettings woon.Hierdie navorsing het verder bevind dat ‘n GGG raamwerk vir menslike veiligheid ontwikkel moet word wat diegene wat die gevolge van GGG dra insluit. Indien vroue nie spesifiek as navorsingssubjekte geag word nie, bly faktore wat hulle spesifiek beïnvloed onsigbaar. Dit is belangrik dat analise van menslike insekuriteit begin om die omstandighede van vrouens se lewens in ag te neem. Vroue in Suid-Afrika leef in hoogs traumatiese omstandighede. In die bestryding van GGG is dit belangrik dat die slagoffers van GGG in ag geneem word en dat dit hulle toelaat om dit duidelik te maak wat hulle onveilig laat voel. Die skep van menslike veiligheid vereis dat bedreigings wat bydra tot GGG, naamlik armoede, geslagstereotipes en vooroordeel , ook aangespreek word. GGG in Suid-Afrika het ‘n epidemie geword, en plaas ‘n permanente beperking op vroue se lewens. Dit het ook ‘n blywende impak op die samelewing as ‘n geheel. Die veiligheid van die staat rus op die veiligheid van vroue. Solank as wat die staat versuim om GGG te bekamp en as ‘n ernstigge misdaad te erken, en vroue nie die beskerming van die staat geniet nie, is daar ‘n hoër moontlikheid vir die gebruik van geweld deur die staat teen sy eie burgers op ‘n groter skaal.
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Addison, Henry 1955. "Consideration with regard to global navigation satellite systems (G.N.S.S.) of the establishment of a legal framework." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27441.
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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are a key technology underpinning the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO's) communications, navigation, surveillance/air traffic management concept. The fact the de facto GNSS, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is a military system owned, operated and controlled by the United States raises many legal and institutional issues for civil aviation.This thesis will discuss the nature of GPS/GNSS as a global utility, ICAO's evolutionary path toward a civil GNSS (ie one independent from GPS) and trace the development of the institutional debate within ICAO. Reliance on navigation by GNSS in terms of the principle of State sovereignty over territorial airspace and the Chicago Convention will be considered. The three major institutional issues in respect of a GPS based GNSS (ie charging, non-discriminatory access and liability) will be examined.
This thesis will also examine past and present State practice in respect of radionavigation systems of an international character in considering whether a legal framework for GNSS is necessary, and if so what form it is likely to take. The conclusions reached on these issues will be summarised in the final chapter.
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Defenderfer, Jessica A. "Differences in Group Value Priorities and Their Impact on Political Candidate Support:A Consideration of Sex, Party, and Race." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437481671.
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Gimm, Gong Hoe. "An extension of nineteenth century political economy through consideration of capitalism as a world economy : the case of Karl Marx." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2016. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23678/.
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Bennett, Marjorie Anne 1963. "Anthropology and the literature of political exile: A consideration of the works of Czeslaw Milosz, Salman Rushdie, and Anton Shammas." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277851.
Full textAbstract:
The effort of this thesis is to use an anthropologically non-traditional subject, written literature, to comparatively explore a cross-cultural condition, exile. In justifying the use of written literature in anthropological enterprises, I contend that we are unnecessarily constrained by assumptions we have inherited regarding the concept of culture, the consequence of which has been the denial to literature of a constitutive role in the making of social life and history. Literary narrative can be culturally constitutive, as is exemplified by the three authors considered here.
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Bergesen, Oskar. "Peace in Space for Our Time? : United States Strategical Considerations in Outer Space Policy." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-280673.
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The politics of outer space has in recent years been given attention from political elites and scientist due to increasing usage and reliance on space based assets, and due to increasing numbers of actors trying to utilize the benefits of space. Concerns have been raised if the increasing military usage of space will lead to a future weaponization of space, making some political leaders and scholars claiming the inevitability of space weaponization. In this thesis I investigate why the United States of America this far has chosen not to weaponize space based on the strategical setting of outer space politics. The research question guiding this thesis reads: What strategic considerations explain the US decision not to weaponize outer space? In order to evaluate the strategic setting and US strategical considerations I apply Game Theory and Non-Formal Rational Choice Theory to highlight what is causing the greatest space faring nation not to weaponize space. I empirically base this study on official space policy documents and one report written by an official commission to asses US national security space management. Based on the strategic setting of outer space politics and US strategical considerations it is found that the US has not commenced a process leading to the weaponization of space since such development would not increase its national security, but rather in several ways decrease it. I conclude that a process of space weaponization is not likely to be initiated by the US in the current strategical setting.
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Browning, G. K. "A consideration of the relationship between the status of women in the USSR and their position in the political leadership : with special reference to the role of Soviet women's political consciousness." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303717.
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Oduba, Victor. "Politics of asylum : sovereign considerations in the multilateral and humanitarian practices of refugee protection in post-apartheid South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007725.
Full textAbstract:
Most scholars claim that international human rights norms embodied in formal international declarations and treaties have an important impact on domestic political interests and governmental practices. This reasoning about the impact of global human rights is often applied to the post-apartheid South African immigration and refugee policies. While I acknowledge that the ratification of United Nations Conventions on refugees has altered the traditional sovereignty considerations of South Africa towards asylum seekers, I take issue with the claims that South African refugee and asylum policies are primarily motivated and based on humanitarian considerations. Instead, I argue that these policies are based on sovereign considerations and strategic foreign policy interests. As a result this sovereign interests of South Africa to study has sought to demonstrate that largely explain decisions on the part accept or reject refugees. Although norms diffusion, international advocacy networks, and prestige factors have made a big impact, in practice the refugee policy has continued to reflect South Africa's strategic interests and domestic considerations at all levels. However, I have not argued that South Africa should overlook its national and foreign interests and abide by international human rights norms regardless of the cost of doing so. I have only sought to demonstrate that refugee protection is more when powerful national interests find it conducive to manage the destabilizing refugee flows.
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Thomson, Grant. "Community small scale wind farms for New Zealand: a comparative study of Austrian development, with consideration for New Zealand’s future wind energy development." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/961.
Full textAbstract:
In New Zealand, the development of wind energy is occurring predominantly at a large scale level with very little opportunity for local people to become involved, either financially or conceptually. These conditions are creating situations of conflict between communities and wind energy developers – and are limiting the potential of the New Zealand wind energy industry. The inception of community ownership in small scale wind farms, developed in Europe in the late 20th Century, has helped to make a vital connection between wind energy and end users. Arguably, community wind farms are able to alleviate public concerns of wind energy’s impact on landscapes, amongst a wide range of other advantages. In Austria, community wind farms have offered significant development opportunities to local people, ushered in distributed generation, and all the while increasing the amount of renewable energy in the electricity mix. This thesis investigates whether community small scale wind (SSW) farms, such as those developed in Austria, are a viable and feasible option for the New Zealand context. The approach of this thesis examines the history of the Austrian wind industry and explores several community wind farm developments. In addition, interviews with stakeholders from Austria and New Zealand were conducted to develop an understanding of impressions and processes in developing community wind energy (CWE) in the New Zealand context. From this research an assessment of the transfer of the Austrian framework to the New Zealand situation is offered, with analysis of the differences between the wind energy industries in the two countries. Furthermore, future strategies are suggested for CWE development in New Zealand with recommendations for an integrated governmental approach. This research determines that the feasibility for the transfer of the Austrian framework development of ‘grassroots’ community wind farms in the next 10 years is relatively unlikely without greater support assistance from the New Zealand Government. This is principally due to the restricted economic viability of community wind farms and also significant regulatory and policy limitations. In the mid to long term, the New Zealand government should take an integrated approach to assist the development of community wind farms which includes: a collaborative government planning approach on the issue; detailed assessment of the introduction of feed-in tariff mechanisms and controlled activity status (RMA) for community wind farms; and development of limited liability company law for community energy companies. In the short term, however, the most feasible option available for the formation of community wind farms lies in quasi community developments with corporate partnerships.
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Francois, Seth Ellery. "Trust in Union Leaders and Decline in Union Membership." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4219.
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As of 2015, public opinion of the ethical and honesty standards of labor union leaders was low, with 36% of the public reporting a low or very low rating, and only 18% reporting high or very high ratings. Grounded in leadership behavioral theory, the purpose of this correlation study was to examine the relationship between union members' perceptions of union leadership consideration, union members' perceptions of leadership initiation of structure, and union members' perceptions of leadership trust. Forty-four union members completed a brief demographic survey, the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire XII, and the Trust and Employee Satisfaction Survey. The results of simultaneous linear regression indicated that model as a whole was able to significantly predict union members' perceptions of leadership trust, F(2,41) = 10.40,
p < .001, R2 = .30. Leadership consideration was the only significantly predictor of union members' perceptions of leadership trust (β = .62, t = 3.23, p = .002). The results may have significance for social change; union leaders can implement leadership consideration to improve the trust levels of members towards union leaders. Further social change implications include the potential to increase union membership. Moreover, society benefits when strong labor unions can provide a pathway to checks and balances that subsequently may improve employees working conditions, worker's pay, local economy, and produce higher quality goods and services.
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Perrella, Samuel Victor. "Legacy of the Bear: How Contemporary Russia-NATO Tensions Have Been Shaped by Soviet Politico- Military Security Considerations and the Fall of the Soviet Union." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1084.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the root causes of Russia’s recent aggressive regionalism. Russia’s revival and corresponding military, political, and informational offensives have shaken European security in a way few thought it was capable of following the USSR’s dissolution and Russia’s subsequent fall into ineptitude. At first glance, this shift in Russia’s posture appears to come as a result of an uptick in nationalism driven by the chauvinistic revanchism of its leader, Vladimir Putin. However, this thesis finds that the eastward expansion of NATO’s membership and transition to a more offensive force posture, augmented by the placement of missile defense infrastructure in Europe, has contributed to a Russian impression of besiegement and corresponding sense that its security and sovereignty are threatened. Russia’s perception that NATO is acting to replace Russia in its perceived sphere of influence has been shaped by the fall of the Soviet Union and Soviet security considerations.
This thesis recommends that, to prevent the further deterioration of the relationship between Russia and the West, the following policies should be enacted. First, NATO should reestablish relations with Russia and partner with it on the European ballistic missile defense shield as a confidence building measure. Second, NATO should halt the eastward expansion of its traditional collective security membership and instead rely on NATO’s Partnership for Peace program to support democratization efforts in the former Eastern Bloc. While these policies cannot eliminate the historical context that the NATO-Russia relationship is shaped by, they can serve as the beginning of a shift away from mutual antagonism by defusing tensions between NATO and Russia.
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Rhodes, D. Bryan. "John Damascene in Context: an examination of "The heresy of the Ishmaelites" with special consideration given to the religious, political, and social contexts during the seventh and eighth century Arab conquests /." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2009. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Taylor, Max. "Politics and the presumption in favour of bail consideration of aspects of the Bail Act, NSW, 1978, in the period to the end of 2008. Discussion of the relative importance of various political factors that led to the neutralisation or reversal of the concept that is associated with the presumption of innocence /." Bachelor's thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/84254.
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Thesis (BA(Hons)) -- Macquarie University, Dept. of Politics and International Relations.Coursework. Submitted in (partial) fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours), Macquarie University, Dept. of Politics and International Relations, 2009. Includes bibliography.
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Nguyen, Triet M. ""Little Consideration... to Preparing Vietnamese Forces for Counterinsurgency Warfare"? History, Organization, Training, and Combat Capability of the RVNAF, 1955-1963." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23126.
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This dissertation is a focused analysis of the origins, organization, training, politics, and combat capability of the Army of the Republic of Viet Nam (ARVN) from 1954 to 1963, the leading military instrument in the national counterinsurgency plan of the government of the Republic of Viet Nam (RVN). Other military and paramilitary forces that complemented the army in the ground war included the Viet Nam Marine Corps (VNMC), the Civil Guard (CG), the Self-Defense Corps (SDC) and the Civil Irregular Defense Groups (CIDG) which was composed mainly of the indigenous populations in the Central Highlands of South Vietnam. At sea and in the air, the Viet Nam Air Force (VNAF) and the Viet Nam Navy (VNN) provided additional layers of tactical, strategic and logistical support to the military and paramilitary forces. Together, these forces formed the Republic of Viet Nam Armed Forces (RVNAF) designed to counter the communist insurgency plaguing the RVN. This thesis argues the following. First, the origin of the ARVN was rooted in the French Indochina War (1946-1954). Second, the ARVN was an amalgamation of political and military forces born from a revolution that encompassed three overlapping wars: a war of independence between the Vietnamese and the French; a civil war between the Vietnamese of diverse social and political backgrounds; and a proxy war as global superpowers and regional powers backed their own Vietnamese allies who, in turn, exploited their foreign supporters for their own purposes. Lastly, the ARVN failed not because it was organized, equipped, and trained for conventional instead of counterinsurgency warfare. Rather, it failed to assess, adjust, and adapt its strategy and tactics quickly enough to meet the war’s changing circumstances. The ARVN’s slowness to react resulted from its own institutional weaknesses, military and political problems that were beyond its control, and the powerful and dangerous enemies it faced. The People’s Army of Viet Nam (PAVN) and the People’s Liberation Armed Forces (PLAF) were formidable adversaries. Not duplicated in any other post-colonial Third World country and led by an experienced and politically tested leadership, the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam (DRVN) and the National Front for the Liberation of Southern Viet Nam (NFLSVN) exploited RVN failures effectively. Hypothetically, there was no guarantee that had the US dispatched land forces into Cambodia and Laos or invaded North Vietnam that the DRVN and NFLSVN would have quit attacking the RVN. The French Far East Expeditionary Corps (FFEEC)’ occupation of the Red River Delta did not bring peace to Cochinchina, only a military stalemate between it and the Vietnamese Liberation Army (VLA). Worse yet, a US invasion potentially would have unnerved the People’s Republic of China (PRC) which might have sent the PLAF to fight the US in Vietnam as it had in Korea. Inevitably, such unilateral military action would certainly provoke fierce criticism and opposition amongst the American public at home and allies abroad. At best, the war’s expansion might have bought a little more time for the RVN but it could never guarantee South Vietnam’s survival. Ultimately, RVN’s seemingly endless political, military, and social problems had to be resolved by South Vietnam’s political leaders, military commanders, and people but only in the absence of constant PAVN and PLAF attempts to destroy whatever minimal progress RVN made politically, militarily, and socially. The RVN was plagued by many problems and the DRVN and NFLSVN, unquestionably, were amongst those problems.
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Bluffstone, Zoe. "Seeking Redemption in a World of Waste: A Comparative Analysis of Bottle Deposit Systems and Campaigns and a Consideration of Their Comprehensive Sustainability." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1462983935.
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Baldin, Mateus de Campos. "O princípio majoritário e a fundamentação da autoridade e da legitimidade do direito democrático segundo Jeremy Waldron." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/131737.
Full textAbstract:
Em seu Law and Disagreement, Jeremy Waldron apresenta o que denomina de uma teoria democrática do direito, uma teoria normativa sobre a autoridade do direito baseada em sua legitimidade democrática. Para Waldron é a legitimidade do direito enquanto fruto de um processo de deliberação e votação majoritária que sustenta sua autoridade. Esse trabalho busca explicar a teoria democrática do direito de Waldron apresentando-a no contexto do liberalismo e do positivismo normativo. Dada a importância da legitimidade para a autoridade do direito em Waldron, esse trabalho discute também o que Waldron entende por legitimidade e sua distinção em relação à justificação, e defende a teoria de Waldron acerca da legitimidade como superior a outra teoria semelhante, defendida por John Simmons. Esse trabalho apresenta a teoria democrática do direito de Waldron no contexto das denominadas circunstâncias da política – a necessidade sentida de uma decisão comum e o desacordo sobre qual deve ser essa decisão. Essa tese defende que Waldron apresenta dois argumentos distintos em defesa de sua teoria: a) um argumento epistêmico, baseado na tese da justificação normal da autoridade, de Joseph Raz, adaptada ao contexto das decisões majoritárias, e que está suscetível a certos tipos de crítica, e b) um argumento de equidade, que recorre à igual consideração e respeito nas circunstâncias da política, o qual está suscetível a outros tipos de crítica. Essa tese defenderá que, dependendo do argumento, a posição de Waldron levará a distintos resultados teóricos e práticos (normativos).In his Law and Disagreement, Jeremy Waldron presents what he names a democratic jurisprudence, a normative theory about the authority of law based in his democratic legitimacy. To Waldron, it is the legitimacy of law as a result of a process of deliberation and majoritarian voting that sustains its authority. This work seeks to explain Waldron’s democratic jurisprudence presenting it in the context of liberalism and normative positivism. Since legitimacy is important to the authority of law, this work also discuss what Waldron understands by legitimacy and its distinction from justification, and defends that Waldron’s theory about legitimacy is superior to another similar theory, defended by John Simmons. This work presents Waldron’s democratic jurisprudence in the context of the said circumstances of politics - the felt need for a common decision and the disagreement about what ought to be this decision. This thesis defends that Waldron presents two distinct arguments in defense of his theory: a) an epistemic argument, that is based on the normal justification thesis of Joseph Raz adapted to the context of majoritarian decision, and that is susceptible to certain kinds of critic, and b) an argument of fairness, that calls for equal considerations and respect in the circumstances of politics, and that is susceptible to other kinds of critic. This thesis will defend that, depending on the argument, Waldron’s position will lead to distinct theoretical and practical (normative) results.
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Cerwonka, Robert J. "Political considerations in developing measures of effectiveness for strategic defense." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22033.
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Makube, Sello Tebogo. "South African oil dependency : geo-political, geo-economic and geo-strategic considerations." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8082.
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Ph.D.There is little research undertaken on the economic assessment of oil security of supply from the dimensions of geo-politics, geo-economics and geo-strategy. This study seeks to bridge the gap by providing new analytical and empirical work that captures the impact of geo-politics, geo-economics and geo-strategy on oil supply, consumption and price. This study is the first to define, analyse and contextualise the South African oil security of supply from a geo-political, geo-economic and geo-strategic perspective. It examines oil related factors that influence broader energy, economic and environmental policies, as well as developmental goals in South Africa. South Africa is faced with the task of delivering policy outcomes that will result in meeting the country’s energy demand at the lowest possible cost. Rising oil prices, rapidly increasing motorisation, clean environment and sustainable urban development are public policy challenges facing the South African economic, energy and transport sectors. Policy options to resolve these challenges are complex, varied and evolving. Economic indicators such as economic growth, inflation, balance of payments, trade balance, the general household surveys, income and expenditure surveys, and other economic data are used to develop a set of descriptive statistics to assess the impact of oil prices in South Africa. Increasing oil prices and the peak oil theory are raising new concerns about the availability of sufficient energy resources and the capacity of economic markets to allocate effectively those resources. A discussion on the optimal price path, extraction costs and mineral rents in an economy is presented. This study uses neoclassical Leontief and Cobb-Douglas production functions to examine and illustrate factors that could reduce or strengthen the linkage between energy use and economic activity over time. The Herfindahl Hirshman Index is used as a measure of oil supply concentration ratio and proxy for geo-political risks and oil imports dependency risks. In the analysis of the economics of exhaustible natural resources, this study discusses how the economic theory on the matter has evolved since the Hotelling model of optimal resource depletion. The Hotelling model is challenged, as marginal extraction costs of oil are rising, demand is changing and growing, and the world price is distorted by geo-political, geo-economic and geo-strategic factors. Using the Simple Econometric Simulation System (SESS) model, energy and oil outlook in the South African economy up to 2035 is simulated and economic vulnerability risks are calculated. Emerging from the examination of global oil statistics is confirmation that the price of crude oil has remained persistently high over recent years, reflecting geo-political, geo-economic and geo-strategic risks, as well as growing global oil demand. The rapid rise in oil prices is the biggest challenge facing the international economy; developing countries are particularly vulnerable. Linked to this is that environmental concerns ranging from local air pollution to global climate change bring into question the sustainability of relying on non-renewable energy resources. Searches for alternative energy resources to substitute fossil fuels, especially in the transport sector, have not yet yielded economically viable options. It is argued that the substitution of oil products in the transportation sector remains a challenge from which South Africa is not immune; that South Africa’s demand for oil continues to rise, driven by economic growth and a development trajectory highly dependent on petroleum products; and that dependency on foreign oil causes South Africa to be economically vulnerable.
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"Empirical studies of international trade flows and related domestic policy considerations." Tulane University, 1998.
Find full textAbstract:
Plan of investigation. The structure of this dissertation will consist of three primary components. The first section will consist of an empirical estimation of a testable hypothesis following the work of Helpman (1987) and Hummels & Levinsohn (1995). The data is drawn from several sources including world trade flows published by the National Bureau of Economic Research, macroeconomic data from the Penn World Tables, and education data supplied by the World Bank. The second section analyzes the patterns and structure of trade flows over the past 20 years utilizing the same data set as in the first essay. The purpose is to elucidate common patterns and relate them to the broader literature on intra-industry trade and trade flows, in general. The third section focuses on the domestic policy issue of growing wage disparity. Using a three factor, two good model the inter-relationships between capital, high-skilled labor and low-skilled labor are examined. Of particular interests are the cross-price elasticities and complementarity between factors, as well as, the effect of changes in endowments, prices and technology on returns Expected results. Preliminary findings indicate that the monopolistically competitive model fairs well in cross sectional tests when the sample of countries is inclusive of OECD and developing nations. Mixed results are obtained when the sample includes only OECD nations or in panel tests of the hypothesis. This may be partly attributed to an accounting issue stemming from differences in vertical vs. horizontal intra-industry trade. This issue is taken up in the second section as trade flows are examined more closely for 'stylized facts' and trends. Of importance is the chain of production and trade of intermediate products between countries of different levels of development. Finally, the third essay concerning the role of trade, technology and factor supplies on wage inequality in the U.S. will elucidate the relative contribution of each of these components on changes in factor returns. Since other studies have found limited fluctuations in relative prices, it is expected that factor supplies and technology (particularly the substitutibility-complementarity between factors) will have a greater impact on wages then trade. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)acase@tulane.edu
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Noren, Dag Wincens. "The Soviet Union and eastern Europe : considerations in a political transformation of the Soviet bloc." 1990. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2455.
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Zubric, Jessica. "Tactical considerations the role of attitude, experience, and communication in an individual's choice of political action tactics /." 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/47732516.html.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2001.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 23-25).
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Ridd, John Cyril. "Participation in physics and rigorous mathematics and a consideration of educational, economic and political influences." Thesis, 2003. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/1176/1/01front.pdf.
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In this thesis the level of participation in Physics and the allied discipline of rigorous Mathematics at Tertiary and upper Secondary level is examined. Various possible supply side constraints are considered, in particular the condition of Maths and Physics in lower Secondary schools in Queensland. Some of the effects of weak Maths and Physics in that part of the education chain are examined indicating that there is a commonality of interest between many school students, especially males, and the disciplines per se.
Participation in Physics at Tertiary level is in decline in USA, Canada and Germany as well as in Australia. There are indications from both Germany and USA that those declines are not entirely explicable by a consideration of demand side influences, supply side factors must have some influence. Because it may be possible to manipulate supply side influences, the work reported here concentrates on those issues, in particular in Queensland.
Participation in Physics and especially rigorous Mathematics in the last two years of Secondary schooling has been in medium to long term decline across Australia. In Queensland that decline is mainly a decline in male participation. The student decisions not to study those subjects are made at the end of Year 10. Hence their educational experiences prior to that time are important. Clear evidence is presented from a large sample of school Principals in Queensland that there is a high degree of concern in the schools about the condition of both Mathematics and Science in Years 8,9 and 10.
An inappropriate structure of relevant Statutory Authorities in Queensland has led to there having been no collection for 15 years of data vis-à-vis student outcomes up to the end of year 10. The only exception being a single but excellent study for Mathematics that showed that outcomes are highly variable and frequently weak, particularly for algebra. For physical Science there is no data but indications from textbooks are that very little numerical Science is studied. Hence there is a discontinuity at the Year10/11 interface.
It is known that participation in the physical Sciences is highly dependent on previous educational experiences. The discontinuity referred to will affect participation in Physics and Maths C, the most rigorous Mathematics in Queensland at the Year11/12 levels. An analysis of effects on student Overall Position (the equivalent of ENTER) consequent to the concurrent study of Maths B, Maths C and Physics shows that students are advantaged in OP terms by that concurrent study. Hence the decision by an increasing number of capable students not to take those subjects may have a deleterious effect on their final outcomes. A survey of students from five North Queensland schools confirms that students who are taking Maths B/Maths C/Physics are comfortable with it and recognise that it has been to their advantage. Another part of that survey demonstrates a degree of ignorance about both Physics and Maths C amongst the Year 10 students at the time that they are making their subject selections. It is noteworthy that the advantage gained by taking the combination Maths B, Maths C and Physics is at least as noticeable for males as for females. Consequently it is an area of comparative advantage for males. An examination of male/female performance in rigorous Mathematics and numerical Science across the whole state demonstrates that, contrary to received wisdom, females are not performing better than males of similar general ability or have relatively improved their performance over the last decade at least.
It is suggested that a major overhaul of both Mathematics and physical Sciences in lower Secondary schools in Queensland is required. Such an improvement would tend to raise participation levels in both Physics and rigorous Mathematics to the advantage of many students, particularly males and provide a larger pool of qualified students from which Tertiary physical Science and Engineering Departments could draw.
The condition of both Mathematics and physical Sciences in Years 8/9/10 is at best highly variable, at worst poor, to the detriment of many thousands of students and the related disciplines Mathematics and Physics. It is suggested that Parliament, the Statutory bodies, schools and Tertiary Education Faculties need to accept that a problem exists, accept a part of the responsibility for that problem and act decisively to rectify the situation.
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Ridd, John Cyril. "Participation in physics and rigorous mathematics and a consideration of educational, economic and political influences." 2003. http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/1176/1/01front.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis the level of participation in Physics and the allied discipline of rigorous Mathematics at Tertiary and upper Secondary level is examined. Various possible supply side constraints are considered, in particular the condition of Maths and Physics in lower Secondary schools in Queensland. Some of the effects of weak Maths and Physics in that part of the education chain are examined indicating that there is a commonality of interest between many school students, especially males, and the disciplines per se. Participation in Physics at Tertiary level is in decline in USA, Canada and Germany as well as in Australia. There are indications from both Germany and USA that those declines are not entirely explicable by a consideration of demand side influences, supply side factors must have some influence. Because it may be possible to manipulate supply side influences, the work reported here concentrates on those issues, in particular in Queensland. Participation in Physics and especially rigorous Mathematics in the last two years of Secondary schooling has been in medium to long term decline across Australia. In Queensland that decline is mainly a decline in male participation. The student decisions not to study those subjects are made at the end of Year 10. Hence their educational experiences prior to that time are important. Clear evidence is presented from a large sample of school Principals in Queensland that there is a high degree of concern in the schools about the condition of both Mathematics and Science in Years 8,9 and 10. An inappropriate structure of relevant Statutory Authorities in Queensland has led to there having been no collection for 15 years of data vis-à-vis student outcomes up to the end of year 10. The only exception being a single but excellent study for Mathematics that showed that outcomes are highly variable and frequently weak, particularly for algebra. For physical Science there is no data but indications from textbooks are that very little numerical Science is studied. Hence there is a discontinuity at the Year10/11 interface. It is known that participation in the physical Sciences is highly dependent on previous educational experiences. The discontinuity referred to will affect participation in Physics and Maths C, the most rigorous Mathematics in Queensland at the Year11/12 levels. An analysis of effects on student Overall Position (the equivalent of ENTER) consequent to the concurrent study of Maths B, Maths C and Physics shows that students are advantaged in OP terms by that concurrent study. Hence the decision by an increasing number of capable students not to take those subjects may have a deleterious effect on their final outcomes. A survey of students from five North Queensland schools confirms that students who are taking Maths B/Maths C/Physics are comfortable with it and recognise that it has been to their advantage. Another part of that survey demonstrates a degree of ignorance about both Physics and Maths C amongst the Year 10 students at the time that they are making their subject selections. It is noteworthy that the advantage gained by taking the combination Maths B, Maths C and Physics is at least as noticeable for males as for females. Consequently it is an area of comparative advantage for males. An examination of male/female performance in rigorous Mathematics and numerical Science across the whole state demonstrates that, contrary to received wisdom, females are not performing better than males of similar general ability or have relatively improved their performance over the last decade at least. It is suggested that a major overhaul of both Mathematics and physical Sciences in lower Secondary schools in Queensland is required. Such an improvement would tend to raise participation levels in both Physics and rigorous Mathematics to the advantage of many students, particularly males and provide a larger pool of qualified students from which Tertiary physical Science and Engineering Departments could draw. The condition of both Mathematics and physical Sciences in Years 8/9/10 is at best highly variable, at worst poor, to the detriment of many thousands of students and the related disciplines Mathematics and Physics. It is suggested that Parliament, the Statutory bodies, schools and Tertiary Education Faculties need to accept that a problem exists, accept a part of the responsibility for that problem and act decisively to rectify the situation.
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Holmes, Christopher Wells. "A systematic consideration of labor market dynamics in the development of compensation systems." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/16154.
Full textAbstract:
Johnson and Ash (1986) proposed a new model for developing compensation systems which is designed to systematically and simultaneously reconcile differences between internal and external pay equity criteria without necessarily including market based gender biases. Central to their model is the development of a labor market variable (LMV) which is designed to be sensitive to the dynamic affects of supply and demand on occupational wages over time, and which is to be used as a compensible factor in the Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ) based job component/policy capturing approach to job evaluation.
The present research is designed to examine three issues regarding Johnson and Ash's (1986) model and research: (1) determine if their results can be replicated using actual organizational data regarding relatively heterogeneous sets of jobs; (2) examine the operational adequacy of their LMV; and (3) examine possible differences in outcomes between the application of their method and the more traditional PAQ points driven method.
In order to investigate these issues, PAQ based job evaluation data and archival labor market data were obtained for jobs from two organizations (Organizations A and B). The results regarding Organization A tended to support the viability of Johnson and Ash's (1986) model. Regardless, of how the LMV was operationalized, its inclusion in the policy capturing equation caused a significant reduction in the discrepancies between the internal and external equity criteria. Also, the LMV was not related to a measure of the gender dominance of these jobs and the measure of gender dominance did not add, incrementally to the prediction of organizational wages in the policy capturing equations. The results obtained using this method also compared quite favorably with those obtained using the traditional PAQ points method. The results regarding Organization B were less promising. Here, regardless of how it was operationalized, the LMV failed to significantly reduce the discrepancies between the internal and external equity criteria. Further, some evidence was found indicating that the LMV is related to the gender dominance of these jobs, and only minor differences were found between the outcomes of the new method and the traditional PAQ points method.
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林漢釧. "Research on the factors of China-U.S. exchange rate conflict and the meanings of their political and economic consideration." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55743750049557568489.
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Wu-Jun, Chen, and 陳武駿. "A Consideration of Regional Economic Development Strategy on the Development of Western Regions in Mainland China─A Political Economy Analysis." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w5567h.
Full textAbstract:
碩士南華大學
亞洲太平洋研究所
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Abstract This Paper examines the economic development of western regions in Mainland China, includes the context, reasons, purposes, and the possible trends of this new development strategy. Imbalance of regional economic development is inevitable in the course of economic development in one country, and since the economic reform by Deng in 1978, he also took an imbalance development strategy. Though such an imbalance development strategy has made a great boost to the macro-economy, it also created a greater economic gap between East and West China and thus produced lots of problems, such as unfair competition between regions, a reviving localism, minorities’ problem…etc. These problems are becoming more critical in the era of Jiang Zemin than the ones in Deng’s era. To solve above problems, the government of Mainland China has to coordinate the regional economy. Thus Jiang Zemin brought up the idea of “Development Strategy of Western Regions” in 1999. He started to emphasis the importance of western development, visited the western regions several times and even formed a special team in charge of western regions development leaded by the Zhu Rongji in 2000. However, the problem in coordinating the regional economy is not only about equity but also efficiency. And how to coordinate “equity” and “efficiency” has always been a tough problem to be solved. Under such a situation, whether the “economic development strategy of western regions” could solve above problems or not, is worth to make a farther study.
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Herda, Phyllis S. "The transformation of the traditional Tongan polity : a genealogical consideration of Tonga's past." Phd thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/114091.
Full textAbstract:
This study of traditional Tongan political history focuses on how Tongan
genealogies and succession lists structure, and are structured by, cultural ideals and
political processes. Their fluid nature as legitimizing charters of rank, authority and
power is embraced in order to appreciate differing, and often contradictory, versions of
Tongan history. The place of genealogies and succession lists in a Tongan construction of
the past is explored and is incorporated in a history of not only individuals and events,
but also of transformations of cultural processes, especially as they relate to Tongan notions
of hereditary rank and chieftainship. The enduring and sacred nature of these notions
is juxtaposed against the dynamics of status rivalry and the exercise of power. The
record of both the enduring and dynamic forces, it is argued, is embedded in the
genealogical traditions of Tonga. Consequently, the traditions are used as a focus point
of the study: methodologically, in that they form a significant part of the source
material, and stylistically, by providing a central structural theme to the thesis.
The Prologue provides a geographical introduction to the Tongan archipelago, as
well as Tonga’s relationship to the larger region of western Polynesia. Temporally, the
study begins with the beginning of the Tongan universe and the divine chieftainship
(Tu‘i Tonga) as expressed in the Tongan creation myth cycle (Chapter Two). Chapter
Three chronicles the reigns of the early kau Tu ‘i Tonga and considers the successful
challenge of their absolute authority by a ‘younger’ collateral lineage. This resulted in
the creation of a bipartisan chieftainship of a sacred ruler (Tu‘i Tonga) and a secular
ruler (Tu ‘i Ha‘atakalaua). The existence of early Tongan imperialism in western
Polynesia is also investigated. Chapter Four explores the possibility of an extended
period of exile for the Tu‘i Tonga in Samoa and the re-establishment of the title within
Tonga. In addition, the successful challenge of the ruling secular title (Tu‘i
Ha‘atakalaua) by a ‘younger’ collateral lineage, the establishment of the Tu ‘i
Kanokupolu title as well as the proliferation of other chiefly titles which accompanied
this challenge are considered. Internal rivalry between holders of the Tu ‘i Kanokupolu
title and their ambitions to abolish the authority and status of the Tu‘i Tonga are dealt
with in Chapter Five. Chapter Six focuses on the consolidation of secular rule, including
the emergence of internal political struggles, after the denigration of the sacred ruler.
Chapter Seven moves to a final consideration of the enduring nature of a sacred and
hereditary Tongan chieftainship and its transformation rather than ultimate abolition.
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Wilkinson, Sarah A. "The Living Monument: A Consideration of the Politics of Indigenous Representation and Public Historical Monuments in Québec." Thesis, 2011. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/7262/1/Wilkinson_MA_S2011.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis discusses key problems that historical public monuments in Québec raise for the historical and present-day politics of representation of Indigenous peoples through the discussion of two monuments in the Province of Québec --the 1893 Jacques Cartier Fountain in Montréal by Joseph-Arthur Vincent, and the 1890 sculpture La halte dans la forêt in Québec City designed by Louis-Philippe Hébert. It begins by examining the ways in which Indigenous peoples were represented in the period of Cartiermania (1820-1920) in relation to the Jacques Cartier Fountain which was the first monument erected in the likeness of Cartier. It then considers representations of the stereotype of the “noble savage” in Québec during Cartiermania, and two other historical moments: early French-Canadian nationalism (1763-1920) and present-day. I argue that both the Jacques Cartier fountain and La halte dans la forêt, fall into the tradition of representing Indigenous figures as allegory for French Canadian nationalism during the late nineteenth-century. The thesis concludes with a discussion of Onondaga/Iroquois artist Jeff Thomas’ views on the notion of the “living monument.” As a potential site for voicing contemporary Indigenous perspectives on such representations, the living monument offers a helpful strategy to negotiate historical and contemporary discourses on representation of Indigenous peoples in Québec.
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Sevenhuysen, Tim. "The Internet and the anti-HST movement: considerations for social movements in the Internet age." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3674.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis project was to investigate the role played by the internet in the movement to abolish the Harmonized Sales Tax in British Columbia. A constructivist grounded theory approach was applied to data collection and analysis: specifically, five participants in the anti-HST movement were interviewed, and interview data was triangulated with observations of the movement's online activities. This study analysed the relationship between social forces and the structures of online spaces, identifying several ways that internet structure affected the shape of the movement. In addition, this study found that while the anti-HST movement bore many traits of a traditional, political-economic social movement, some elements of new social movement theory and practice were present within the movement. Finally, the study explored the homogenizing tendencies of online interaction, and how those tendencies affected individuals' interaction with the movement, and the discourses that informed and organized the movement.Graduate