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Journal articles on the topic 'Politeness'
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Xie, Chaoqun, Ziran He, and Dajin Lin. "Politeness." Studies in Language 29, no. 2 (August 2, 2005): 431–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.29.2.07xie.
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Little progress has been made in modern politeness studies despite mountains of publications that have been bombarding the politeness market over the past three or so decades, rendering the latter in much a mess. It is argued in this paper that (1) politeness does not necessarily entail sincerity, and sincere politeness and insincere politeness should be distinguished; (2) there is no need to develop two different frameworks to account for politeness and impoliteness respectively; any framework that can be used to examine politeness phenomena should also aim for dealing with impoliteness phenomena; (3) polite language is not necessarily equated with politeness, and impolite language is not necessarily equated with impoliteness; and (4) though there is some need to differentiate between polite behaviour and politic behaviour, between politeness1 and politeness2, Watts’ (2003) work is problematic.
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Gunawan, Joshua Delbert, and Nani Indrajani Tjitrakusuma. "The Politeness Strategies Found in @kulinersby’s Instagram Account in Promoting Culinary Businesses." k@ta 23, no. 2 (December 20, 2021): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/kata.23.2.58-68.
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This study aims to find out the types of politeness2 that are found in @kulinersby’s promotion culinary business promotion, and from there, the comments that are included as politeness1. The analysis is based on the theories of Brown and Levinson (1987) and Watts (2003). Watts (2003) states that what is theoretically considered as politeness (politeness2) in Brown and Levinson (1987) may not be the case in reality (politeness1). This qualitative study is limited to video-based posts, with the comments only related to how the account’s administrator promotes culinary businesses. From this research, the writers find that even though both politeness2 and politeness1 conflict with each other, there are some similarities that are found in analyzing both politeness. In conclusion, despite the lasting influence of Brown and Levinson’s (1987) theory, it still has some notable flaws, notably with universality and multiple interpretation of the strategies by different individuals, among others.
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Long, Christopher. "A social cognitive account of relational work." Journal of Politeness Research 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pr-2015-0025.
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AbstractPostmodern accounts of politeness are founded on the idea that theoretical ‘second order’ conceptualizations (e.g., politeness2) must be grounded in ‘first order’ interlocutor interpretations (e.g., politeness1). One consequence of this assumption is that the generalizability of
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López, María de la O. Hernández, and Lucía Fernández Amaya. "What makes (im)politeness for travellers? Spanish tourists’ perceptions at national and international hotels." Journal of Politeness Research 15, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 195–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pr-2016-0060.
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Abstract Although hotel service encounters have been widely studied, the literature presents two main shortcomings: 1) receptionist-guest communication has not received much attention from a politeness perspective; and 2) the scarcity of studies regarding politeness1 (i. e., the interlocutors’ perception of politeness) has been overshadowed by the vast amount of literature concerning politeness2. Regarding customer perception, understanding what appropriate communicative behaviour is - i. e. whether (non)verbal actions are conducive to variation in terms of customer perception and satisfaction - is crucial to understand service success or failure. In this context, our study examines the opinion and perception of 183 Spanish participants who had stayed at national and international hotels and who assessed, on the one hand, to what extent the receptionists were polite or impolite, and why; and on the other, how communication with customers could improve in terms of politeness. The findings indicate that, despite the participants’ general preference for friendliness and solidarity, the politeness strategies that participants valued as adequate in this context are not necessarily those traditionally related to Peninsular Spanish (i. e. directness and/or involvement). Also, this study shows that what lay people consider politeness encompasses a great number of variables in which linguistic production is but one of them.
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Syting, Christian Jay O., and Phyll Jhann E. Gildore. "Teachers’ Linguistic Politeness in Classroom Interaction: A Pragmatic Analysis." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 8 (October 7, 2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n8p133.
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This study aimed to uncover the different structures of linguistic politeness used in the utterances of the teachers in classroom interaction. More specifically, the analysis made use of House and Kasper’s (1981) Politeness Linguistic Expressions, Brown and Levinson’s (1987) Politeness Strategies, and Leech’s (1983) Politeness Maxims. Using observation and interview, several structures of linguistic politeness were unearthed. Firstly, the politeness linguistic expressions involved politeness markers, consultative devices, downtoners, committers, forewarning, hesitators, and agent avoider. Secondly, the politeness strategies involved positive politeness, negative politeness, off-record strategy, and bald-on record strategy. Lastly, the politeness maxims involved tact, approbation, modesty, and agreement maxim. Politeness is a non-value-laden linguistic phenomenon where it does not always mean what people in the here-and-now take it to mean, but there can always be a conventional ways of expressing so in a particular social interaction. The structures of linguistic politenesss do not always lead to conflict-avoidance, but they only contribute to the success of the effect of the expressions used. Hence, whatever may seem to have been considered as conventionally conventionalized or non-conventionalized politeness in a context, several factors must need to be considered for an expression to be a form of politeness strategy that performs supportive facework.
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RONI, RUSMAN. "Pragmatıc Dıscourse of Pagaralamnese Imperatıve Polıteness And Its Englısh Meanıng Based Translatıon." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 7, no. 10 (October 13, 2020): 6204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v7i010.03.
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The current study is focused on the imperative politeness used by Pagaralamnese.The objective of this study was to find out the categories of imperative politeness in Pagaralamnese and its cultural translation into English. The method usedwas a qualitative ethnography of communication and the instruments utilyzed were wdct( written discourse completion task) and an interview. There were five respondents of Pagaralamnese. The interactive model was used in analyzing the data. The findings showed that there were six types of taboo words in Pagaralamnesenamely imperative politeness of warning, request, order, prohibition, suggestion., expectation.This article deals with discourses of imperative politeness found in various places in Indonesia. By using data collected from five respondents from Pagaralam city with socio pragmatic approach. Thoughsomereseachers claim that politenese expressions were translated in a certain lexicon withouth context , the fact that politeness expressions should be translated in a context or in a pragmatic way. In addition, it is strongly recommended to translate politeness expressions in a cultural context
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Nashruddin, Nashruddin, Fiptar Abdi Alam, and Abdu Harun. "Moral Values Found in Linguistic Politeness Patterns of Bugis Society." Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v4i1.340.
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Politeness Strategy is very urgent because it plays an important role in human communication. It is a key point in enhancing the interpersonal relationship and communication. If participants of communication can obey this principle, they can make their expression more tactful; in other hand, if they violate the Politeness Strategy, they may not make the hearers feel good. The objectives of the current research are to: (i) explore the form and the characteristics of linguistic politenessin Bugisethnic people at Pangkep, Barru, and Soppeng with some examples,and (ii) represent the implication of cultural value in Buginese society. The results of this research show the characteristics and the forms of linguistic politeness through some morphemes marked such as prefix ta’, suffix pronouns ta’, ki’, ni, some honorific vocabularies such as idi’, nak, daeng, and some lexemes iye’, tabe’, and strategies of linguistic politeness, namely bald on record strategy, positive, negative, off record strategy. The implication of cultural valueas a basic value such as ethics and language politeness, self-image, courage, solidarity, and cooperation, are also found in this study.
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Mufliharsi, Risa, and Heppy Atma Pratiwi. "POLITENESS PRINCIPLE: PRESIDENT JOKO WIDODO’S SPEECH ACT IN VIDEO BLOG." BAHTERA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bahtera.181.07.
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ABSTRACT
The aim of the research is analyzing the utterances of Mr. Joko Widodo as president of Indonesia with vloggers. In this study, the writer analyzes the rules of president conducting his utterances at vloggers’ vlogs. The vlogs taken from skinnyindonesian24 which has 1.3M subscribers and Arif Muhammad which has 1.5M subscribers (data per November 25, 2018). The data taken and analyzed both qualitative and quantitative data. The elaboration of the methods used to measure language politeness, to count the data whether politenes or not. The data taken from Arif Muhammad’s vlog (1.596.033 subscribers) which entitle Ngevlog bareng Presiden and SkinnyIndonesian24 were created by brothers Andovi da Lopez and Jovial da Lopez’s vlogwho have 1.344.548 subscribers entitleHow to Become a President. The result of this research imply both of the vlogs Mr. Joko Widodo applies politeness strategies even in informal situation both vlogs. He acts extraordinary pragmatic forces and high politeness. So that, the audience gets the emotion, sympathy and persuasion of those who watches of them at vlog.
Keywords: politeness principal, speech acts, vlog, pragmatics
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Bergson, Henri. "Politeness." Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 24, no. 2 (December 21, 2016): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jffp.2016.767.
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This is the English translation of a speech Bergson made at Lycée Henri-IV on July 30, 1892. This is an interesting text because it anticipates Bergson’s last book, his The Two Sources of Morality and Religion. Like the distinction in The Two Sources between the open and the closed, “Politeness” defines its subject matter in two ways. There is what Bergson calls “manners” and there is true politeness. For Bergson, both kinds of politeness concern equality. Manners or material politeness amount to the ritualized greetings and formalities by means of which we usually define politeness. Unfortunately and like The Two Sources, Bergson attributes this formalized relation to other human beings with primitive and “inferior races.” Nevertheless, Bergson sees in these formalities an attempt, in the name of equality, to ignore other people’s talents and merits so that one can dominate morally superior people. In contrast, true politeness or “spiritual politeness” consists in “intellectual flexibility.” When one meets a person of superior morality, one is flexible in one’s relation to him or her; one abandons the formalities in order to really live her life and think her thoughts. Here we find equality too: “what defines this very polite person is to prefer each of his friends over the others, and to succeed in this way in loving them equally.” After making a comparison to dance, Bergson defines spiritual politeness as “a grace of the mind.” Since both kinds of politeness concern equality, Bergson associates both with justice. However, beyond these two kinds of politeness and justice there is “politeness of the heart,” which concerns charity. In order to indicate politeness of the heart, Bergson describes the kind of person, a sensitive person, who anxiously awaits a word of praise in order to feel good about herself but who also, when she hears a word of reproach, is thrown into sadness. Although Bergson calls the sensibility of this person “a bit sickly,” he also claims that the sensibility is found in the heart of each of us. It indicates a fundamental sympathy with others. For this person such a word from another makes every power of one’s being vibrate in unison. So in this short speech, one will find Bergson distinguishing between material politeness, mental or spiritual politeness, and politeness of the heart. Politeness of the heart is true openness to others. And, for Bergson, it opens up to a society exemplified by ancient philosophy: true friends of each other and of ideas.
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Terkourafi, Marina. "Politeness." Journal of Pragmatics 38, no. 3 (March 2006): 418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.02.010.
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Ernovilinda, Ernovilinda. "Politeness Strategy in Shanghai Knights Film." IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics) 5, no. 1 (November 17, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v5i1.571.
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Language is a communication tool for every human being and is used to convey ideas, messages, intentions, feelings, opinions to others or even to meet daily needs. Intercultural communication is a communication that frequently occurs in the community. Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics that discusses aspects of language as a communication tool. When combined with culture, intercultural communication that occurs in society can be understood. In order for a speaker's language to be accepted in a society, he needs to fully understand the rules that apply in that society, including an understanding of the appropriate use of certain language functions or speech acts. There is a close relationship between pragmatics and the concept of politeness. Politeness is fundamental in pragmatics because this is a universal phenomenon in the use of language in social contexts. The focus of this research is to identify the politeness strategies used by the two main characters in the Shanghai Knights film, Chon Wang and Roy O'Bannon, and analyze them in terms of the cultural background of the two main characters. This is a qualitative descriptive study. The results show that the politeness strategy used is strongly influenced by their cultural background. The strategy used most often is the bald-on record strategy while the Off-record politenses strategy is the strategy that is the least used by the two main characters of the film. This suggests that an understanding of politeness strategies is needed to realize face-threatening actions (FTA). In other words, politeness strategies are used to maintain continuity and success in communicating.
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Tahang, Heriyanti. "Strategi Kesopanan Berbahasa Yang Digunakan Oleh Penghuni Kos." Jurnal Noken: Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.33506/jn.v4i2.500.
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Everyday, people share idea, intention and interest through language with other people. They do social interaction each other or one another in appropriate speech. To be successful in social interaction, people need to consider such requirements inorder to make good interaction.One of the requirements is politeness in using language in conversation.This research aimed to find out the types of politeness strategy used by people at boarding house. This research was conducted in a boarding house that consist of Bugis people and various age (16 to 25 years old) called BPJS. The design of this research was descriptive qualitative. The data was collected through voice recorder to gain the politeness strategy used by the people in the boarding house in their daily social interaction.The data was analyzed using conversational analysis which is required to the analytic exploration. Based on the data analysis, it was concluded four Kinds of Politenss strategies used by Boarding House BPJS occupants, they are bald on record, positive strategy, negative strategy, and off record. Eevery kind of politeness strategy used has some kinds of sub strategy. They are Necessary, Offer Something, Optimistic, Promises, Pessimistic, Question & Hedge, Ironic Espression and Ambiguous Expression.
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Megawati, Ida. "IMPLICATURE OF CRITICISM UTTERANCES IN TROY AND KING ARTHUR MOVIES MANUSCRIPT." JELLT (Journal of English Language and Language Teaching) 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36597/jellt.v4i2.9461.
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The aims of this study are to find implicature of criticism utterances, maxim, and politeness strategies of the criticizing utterances in Troy and King Arthur movies manuscript. The type of this study is a qualitative study. The data source of this study is Aristocratic movies manuscript. The methods of collecting data are documentation the movies manuscript and observation of the utterances, gathering data criticism utterances, coding the data and finding criticism utterances implied. This study shows the variety of implicatures, cooperative principles, and politeness pattern of criticizing utterances. The implicature of criticism utterances are mocking, contradiction, order, disappointment, forbid, satire, anger, and advice. The second analysis is cooperative principles by Grice. There are maxim of clarify and quantity. The politenesses of strategies are bald on record, positive and negative politeness.
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Ghezzi, Chiara, and Piera Molinelli. "Italian scusa from politeness to mock politeness." Journal of Pragmatics 142 (March 2019): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2018.10.018.
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Kornielaieva, Yevheniia. "POLITENESS PHENOMENON." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 32, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/3212.
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The present article deals with the problem of human interaction which serves the subject of such sciences as linguistics, pragmatics as well as psychology, sociology, anthropology, so on. Human interaction is also studied within Politeness Theory once developed by P. Brown and St. Levinson. Politeness Theory has become quite influential as it is aimed at redressing of offences to a person’s self-image, or face, by face-threatening acts. According to P. Brown and St. Levinson, politeness is a universal concept. It is the powerful means that helps the speaker to express his intentions and mitigate face threats carried by his face-threatening acts to the listener. Therefore, politeness makes it possible for the speaker to save his own face and the face of his partner of communication. In other words, politeness ensures the rights of communicants not to be interfered with and to be approved of. These rights make up positive and negative face of a communicant. Positive face implies the interactant’s desire to be appreciated and to be approved of while negative face presents the want to be unimpeded by others. These two related aspects determine the strategies of positive and negative politeness that are aimed at reinforcing the positive image of a communicant and at preserving their independence. On the whole, politeness provide mutual comfort and harmonious flow of human interaction. The same idea is supported by G. Leech, G. Kasper, B. Fraser, P. Grice who develops Cooperative Principle of polite communication. Being a universal concept politeness is realised through a set of strategies. The author of the article calls such point of view on politeness “western-oriented”. As for Russian and Ukrainian linguists, they see politeness as speech etiquette which is released in speech formulae. Choosing this or that speech etiquette formula, communicants establish, support and terminate the contact in accordance with socially accepted rules of conversation, thus, making their interaction pleasant and friendly. Politeness is not regarded as a set of strategies, but only as politeness formulae.
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Pérez Hernández, Lorena. "Grounding politeness." Journal of English Studies 1 (May 29, 1999): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.53.
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Traditional theories of politeness, like Brown and Levinson’s (1987 [1978]) and Leech’s (1983), claim a universal status which can be questioned on the basis of the evidence provided by studies on the politeness mechanisms of the most diverse cultures. In the present paper, we attempt to prove that one of the reasons which prevents those theories from reaching the desired pancultural validity is no other than their use of conceptual metaphors (i.e. a culture-specific construct) in their explanation of politeness. In addition, we would like to establish a firmer ground for a crossculturally valid theory of politeness by considering the workings of some universal cognitive tools (i.e. image-schemas) in the conceptualization of this subject matter.
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Xie, Chaoqun. "(Im)politeness." Pragmatics and Cognition 16, no. 1 (April 7, 2008): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.16.1.10xie.
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Blum-Kulka, Shoshana. "Politeness revisited." Pragmatics and Cognition 2, no. 2 (January 1, 1994): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.2.2.10blu.
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Olsen, Kai A. "Programmed Politeness." Computer 44, no. 7 (July 2011): 108–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2011.217.
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Ogiermann, Eva. "Understanding Politeness." Journal of Pragmatics 77 (February 2015): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2015.01.007.
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Kasper, Gabriele. "Linguistic politeness:." Journal of Pragmatics 14, no. 2 (April 1990): 193–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(90)90080-w.
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Sifianou, Maria. "Politeness (review)." Language 82, no. 3 (2006): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2006.0165.
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Ferenčík, Milan. "Exercising politeness." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 351–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.17.3.01fer.
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The paper seeks to demonstrate that, first, over the course of interaction in the radio phone-in events, participants display orientation to various aspects of their co-participants´ identities, second, since membership categories emerge and are developed at various sequentially relevant times, membership categorisation processes are closely tied with the event´s sequential organisation, and, third, categorisation bears on politeness aspects of interaction as the participation in the public ´arena´ causes participants´ faces to be constantly at stake. The methodological underpinnings of the paper represent the approaches of Membership Categorisation Analysis and the model of politeness based on the conceptualisation of face. The data are drawn from the corpus of Nočné dialógy (´Night Dialogues´) radio phone-ins broadcast on the Slovak public radio over the period of 1995-2004. The paper further attempts to demonstrate that participants are engaged in category work which sequentially unfolds in the course of the production of phone-in calls. Participants´ progressive involvement in talk is closely linked with the construction of ´layers´ of their categorial identities. The membership category of ´location´ represents the minimum agreed-upon canon of callers´ call-relevant identities. As the category is universally applicable, it bears the least face-threatening potential, for which reason it is used explicitely. In contrast, strategies of non-explicit categorisation, i.e. invoking categories through category-relevant predicates, apply to those topic-relevant categories which carry a significant face-threating ´load´ (e.g. ´family status´, ´political affiliation´, etc.). In summary, sequential organisation and category work are seen as being closely intertwined, with the latter also being employed as a positive and negative politeness strategy.
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Okamoto, Shigeko. "Situated politeness." Ideologies of politeness 9, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.9.1.05oka.
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Mulder, Gijs, and Patricia Sánchez Carrasco. "Beyond politeness." Linguistics in the Netherlands 40 (November 3, 2023): 178–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.00086.mul.
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Abstract Here we investigate the use of the politeness marker por favor ‘please’ in a corpus of contemporary Spanish dialogues from film scripts and literary dialogues. We argue that por favor is in fact only occasionally used as an expression of politeness. Apart from these uses, we distinguish between cases where por favor functions as a marker of illocutionary force and other discourse functions, that include the expression of impatience and disapproval. While the formulaic use of por favor is mainly limited to routine situations in the public sphere, the other functions are typical of private conversations. We argue that the ancient use of the expression can account for its contemporary non-polite uses.
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Yeomans, Michael, Alejandro Kantor, and Dustin Tingley. "The politeness Package: Detecting Politeness in Natural Language." R Journal 10, no. 2 (2019): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.32614/rj-2018-079.
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SEJDIU RUGOVA, Lindita. "EXPRESSING POLITENESS AND POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN SPOKEN ALBANIAN." Motif Akademi Halk Bilimi Dergisi 11, no. 2018-1 (January 1, 2018): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12981/motif.432.
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Masitoh, Masitoh. "PERSEPSI KESANTUNAN DIREKTIF BAHASA INDONESIA MAHASISWA PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA FKIP UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH KOTABUMI." Edukasi Lingua Sastra 19, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47637/elsa.v19i2.395.
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One of the function of language is a communication tool. The form of the respect and appreciation of the person to others when communicating is to use polite and courteous language. Therefore, in this research article, the problem that would be discussed was “The Perceptions of Directive Politeness in Indonesian language for the students of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program”. The purpose of this research was to describe the directive politeness in Indonesian language for the students of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program. The quantitative descriptive method was applied in this research by describing the frequency of the politenes in Indonesian language for the students of Indonesian language and literature education study program. Furthermore, it was describe the differences perception of the politeness for the students of Indonesian language and literature of education who in Lampung ethnic and Javanese ethnic: between male students of Lampung and Javanese ethnicity, between female students of Lampung and Javanese ethnicity as it is. The questionnaire was applied in this research to get the data on the directives politeness in Indonesian language.The questionnaire contains a context that consisting of 20 questions followed by nine multiple choices of directive speech act from impolite, less polite to polite. The nine sequences of directive speech acts are: A. Imperative sentence/Kalimat Imperatif (KI), B. Explicit Performative Sentence/Kalimat Performative Eksplisit (KPE), C. Gated Performative Sentence/Kalimat Performative Berpagar (KPB), D.Statement of Desire/Pernyataan Keinginan (PI), F. Formulation of Suggestions/Rumusan Saran (RS), G. Preparation of Questions/Persiapan Pertanyaan (PP), H. Strong Signals/Isyarat Kuat (IK), and I. Soft Signs/ Isyarat Halus (IH). The result of the research was there were significant differences and similarities in the perception of the Indonesian Language in directive politeness of Lampung and Javanese ethnic students. The differences perception of directive politeness in Indonesian language of Lampung and Javanese ethnic students were in the statement A, B, D, F, G, H, and I; the similarity perception of directive politeness in Indonesian language of Lampung and Javanese etchnic students were in statements C and E. This differences could occur because of the cultural differences. There was a similarity in the preception of directive politeness in Indonesian language of Lampung and Javanese ethnic students because the two languages have the same level in language.
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Xie, Chaoqun. "(Im)politeness, morality and the internet." (Im)politeness and Moral Order in Online Interactions 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ip.00010.xie.
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Abstract Much recent research has contributed to the emergence of a moral turn in (im)politeness research, further confirming the evaluative nature of (im)politeness and the moral basis of (im)politeness evaluations, and further illuminating, among other things, what is really at work when (im)politeness evaluations take place, what the moral order consists of and how the moral order influences (im)politeness evaluations. Meanwhile, thanks to much emphasis on the instrumentality of words and utterances, a distinction can be discerned between ‘politeness without’ (or practical politeness) and ‘politeness within’ (or true politeness). Politeness within is true and truthful, but politeness without is not necessarily so. True politeness may be in when self is out. This special issue aims to further foreground the link between (im)politeness and morality in people’s online interactions, revealing something about ourselves and about our life-worlds.
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Mutmainnah, Andi Faisal, and Gusnawaty. "STRATEGY OF FRENCH POLITENESS IN THE FILM "COMME UN CHEF": PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS." International Journal of Social Science 2, no. 2 (August 3, 2022): 1469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v2i2.3074.
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This study aims to determine the linguistic politeness strategies and linguistic characteristics that include formal and informal greetings and language functions in Daniel Cohan's film "Comme un Chef". This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method with a pragmatic approach. The source of the data for this study is speech that adheres to linguistic politeness. This data collection uses the method of listening by systematically observing and recording. The theory used was Brown and Levinson's language politeness theory including four strategies, namely the bald-on record strategy, positive politeness strategy, negative politeness strategy, off-record politeness strategy and silent strategy. The results showed that positive politeness strategies were more dominantly used than other politeness strategies, namely frank politeness strategies, negative politeness strategies, vague politeness strategies, and silent politeness strategies. Positive politeness strategies are realized by giving or asking for reasons and giving gifts (sympathy or appreciation). Negative politeness strategies are realized by minimizing the burden of requests and giving respect. Politeness strategies are vaguely realized by using gestures. Furthermore, linguistic features related to politeness, namely non-formal greetings are more dominantly used when communicating. Then, the language functions that are more often found in each politeness strategy are conative, emotive and referential.
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Syah, Nur Aini. "POLITENESS STRATEGY PERFORMED IN SATU JAM LEBIH DEKAT TALK SHOW ON TV ONE: A PRAGMATIC APPROACH." ELTALL: English Language Teaching, Applied Linguistic and Literature 2, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/eltall.v2i1.2727.
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Talk show program on TV One is a program that uses language as a means of communication. To create the success of cummunication, it needs a strategy. This study aims to find out the politeness srategies used in Satu Jam Lebih Dekat talk show on TV One. The method used in this article is descriptive qualitative method. The data source of this research is oral data source, which is focused on the speeches between the presenter, interviewees, and mystery guest with the sources from a number of ministers in our country by downloading on the site www.youtube.com. For data analysis technique, the researcher used the contextual method with the pragmatic competence-in-dividing. And for the theory, the researcher focuses on politeness strategies by Brown Levinson's theory (1987: 94).The results indicate that there are 16 types of politeness strategies of Satu Jam Lebih Dekat program namely Bald on record, Positive Politeness-attend to hearer, Positive Politeness-intensify interest, Positive Politeness-use group identify marker, Positive Politeness-seek agreement, Positive Politeness-avoid disagreement, Positive Politeness-assert speaker’s knowledge, Positive Politeness-include both speaker and hearer in activity, Positive Politeness-give or ask reasons, Positive Politeness-give gifts, Negative Politeness-be conventionally indirect, Negative Politeness-question, hedge, Negative Politeness-give deference, Negative Politeness-impersonalize speaker and hearer, Off record-give hints, and Off record-give association clues. The most dominant use of politeness strategy is positive politeness-asking an agreement with the 42 percentage. The politeness strategies of this speech acts support the effectiveness of talk show and will minimize threats, protect, and extract information from interviewees without any compulsion due to the use of this politeness strategy.
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Bae, Hyejin. "Politeness and Politeness Strategies of ‘o → u’ vowel rising." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 43, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 733–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2021.01.43.1.733.
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Ardila, J. A. G. "Metapragmatic First-Order Politeness in Peninsular Spanish." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 21, no. 40 (August 28, 2017): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v21i40.96791.
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Research on Spanish politeness has developed dramatically in the past decade. One of the most influential theses regarding Spanish politeness was posited by Hickey (1991), who, in comparing Spanish to English, concluded that Peninsular Spanish has a positive politeness model. Subsequently, a number of linguists have further compared politeness in Spain to politeness in Britain. In analysing countless samples of expressive politeness (i.e. requests, apologies, terms of address, etc.), these authors have come to the conclusion that positive politeness predominates in Spain. However, such critical tendencies ignore the latest trends in politeness studies: one year after the publication of Hickey´s (1991) essay, Watts et al. (1992) vindicated the need to discern first-order politeness from second-order politeness, and put forward the relevance of metapragmatic discussions of politeness. Descriptivist assessments of Spanish politeness prevent linguists from attempting a metapragmatic methodology that help to determine where Spanish speakers stand in the politeness-impoliteness continuum. Nonetheless, current research on general politeness studies clearly envisages that this is a task that Spanish linguistics will need to fulfil in the long run. This paper offers a metapragmatic examination of linguistic politeness in Spain, based on the data obtained from 100 informants in Extremadura, aged 14 to 20. The information drawn from the survey indicates that, whilst the informants are fully aware of the politeness norms they have been taught by their parents and teachers, their linguistic performance seldom abides by such parameters.
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Pratiwi, E. S., Asih Santihastuti, and I. Putu Sukmaantara. "Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Strategies on Apologizing Expression of “The Princess Diaries” (2001) The Movie: A Discourse Analysis." Jurnal Edukasi 5, no. 1 (July 9, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jukasi.v5i1.8013.
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This research was intended to analyze the politeness strategy employed by the characters in expressing apology based on Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategies in the movie The Princess Diaries (2001). Designed as a descriptive-qualitative research, the data was analyzed by using the descriptive method where politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987) was applied to see the types of politeness strategies. The data was taken from an American Comedy, Family and Romance movie entitled The Princess Diaries (2001). The result of the analysis showed that there were 15 utterances that can be classified as apologizing expression which were analyzed by using Brown and Levinson (1987) Politeness Strategies. Those 15 utterances were divided into 11 utterances using positive politeness and 4 utterances using negative politeness. Based on Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategies, positive politeness happened in a group of friend and a group of family that have close relationship with the Speaker while negative politeness used to avoid offence of the Hearer by showing respect. Thus, it is concluded that positive politeness was the most politeness strategies applied by all the characters in the movie to express apology, and all the characters who applied positive politeness strategy are female.
Keywords: Politeness Strategies, Apologizing Expression, Discourse Analysis.
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Akuka, Benedict S., Christiana Hammond, and Albert A. Wornyo. "Politeness in Parliamentary Discourse: An Analysis of the Hansard of the Parliament of Ghana." Studies in Linguistics and Literature 5, no. 4 (September 26, 2021): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sll.v5n4p1.
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This study investigates politeness in parliamentary discourse in Ghana. Using politeness theory as framework and the parliamentary Hansard as source of data, the study examines the politeness strategies employed by parliamentary actors, the implications of the frequency of the usage of the politeness strategies, and how the Standing Orders of Parliament determine the choice of a politeness strategy. Findings of the study show that political actors in the Parliament of Ghana use the bald on-record, the positive, the negative and the off-record politeness strategies in varied proportions. The study further reveals that the negative politeness strategy is the most frequently used politeness strategy with the Speaker being the highest user of the negative and the bald on-record politeness strategies. Again, the study found out that the off-record politeness strategy is the least used strategy. The Majority Members in Parliament use the highest frequency of the positive politeness strategies while the Minority Members of Parliament employ more negative politeness strategies. The study concludes that parliamentary discourse in Ghana employs more of the direct explicit polite expressions than the indirect implicit expressions of politeness. The study recommends that researchers should pay critical attention to the politeness phenomenon in parliamentary discourse.
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Windika, Witria. "An Analysis of Politeness Strategies of Disagreement: The Case of Students of English Education Study Program in one State Islamic University in Sumatera, Indonesia." Edukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran 6, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/ejpp.v6i1.3132.
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The pupoposes of this study were (1) to find out the realizations of politeness strategies of disagreement by the sixth semester students of English Education students of Islamic State University in Sumatera, and (2) to figure out the most common types of politeness strategy used by them. The study employed qualitative research. The data were taken through a written test and Discourse Completion Test (DCT). The sample was taken by using cluster random sampling method which consisted of 12 male students and 12 female students. The study revealed that female and male English language learners experienced four types of politeness strategy: positive politeness, negative politeness, bald-on-record politeness, and off-record politeness with negative politeness as the most frequent strategy used by female and male English language learners. The result of the study showed that negative politeness was dominant politeness strategy which had value of 63,33%. The second place was bald-on-record (23,33%), the third place was positive politeness (11,67%), and the last one was off-record (1,67%). The conclusion of this study indicated that in expressing politeness strategy for disagreement, both female and male respondents tended to perform negative politeness strategy.
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Bosch, B. "Beleefdheid in Afrikaans: ’n sosiolinguistiese perspektief." Literator 16, no. 2 (May 2, 1995): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v16i2.605.
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Politeness in Afrikaans: a sociolinguistic perspectiveThis article argues that because the phenomenon of linguistic politeness is embedded in a particular linguistic community, linguistic politeness should in the first instance be studied from sociolinguistic and pragmatic perspectives. Using Afrikaans examples, different types of linguistic politeness are identified. The identified politeness types are discussed with special reference to conversational politeness, directives, complaints and honorifics. It is also argued that the specific choice of lexical items and ‘in group’ variants can be regarded as a form of linguistic politeness. A feminist perspective on politeness clearly illustrates that linguistic politeness is an everchanging, dynamic concept which is closely linked to both interpersonal and societal associations which prevail at a specific point in time.
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Jumanto, Jumanto, Sarif Syamsu Rizal, and Raden Arief Nugroho. "Acting the Intangible: Hints of Politeness in Non-Verbal Form." English Language Teaching 10, no. 11 (October 12, 2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n11p111.
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This review paper has explored politeness in non-verbal form to come to hints for indicating the ideology. Politeness in non-verbal form is researched by reviewing verbal politeness theories through interpretive techniques, and then the data in form of interpreted hints based on the reviews are analyzed by employing a coding technique. The six non-verbal hints of politeness found out based on the theoretical reviews are silence for politeness, gestures for politeness, gifts for politeness, observance of norms, rules, and regulations for politeness, adjusted behavior for politeness, and performance for politeness. The hints expectedly provide a sufficient account for non-verbal politeness in interactions or communication between a speaker and a hearer. The findings also encourage promoting harmony among speakers of languages in non-verbal interactions or communication, especially in formal situations or in the general public. The hints are hopefully also worth considering in the context of English language teaching and learning across languages and cultures in the world.
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Sartika, Icha, and Mhd Johan. "Strategies of Politeness Found in “Rich Teen Shame Girl at Thrift Store” Short Film: Pragmatics Approach." Linguistic, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 5, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/leea.v5i1.3063.
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This study aimed to identify politeness strategies in Rich Teen Shame Girl at Thrift Store. The research design of this research is qualitative descriptive. The data were collected by using an observational method and a non-participatory technique. The data were analyzed using the practical identity method and pragmatic competence-in equalizing. The data source in this study is Rich Teen Shame Girl at Thrift Store short films. This study showed that there were 15 data of politeness by the characters in the short film. There were 2 data on record found in the short film, 9 data of positive politeness, 2 data of negative politeness, and 1 data showed off-record. Rich Teen Shame Girl's positive politeness strategy was more dominant in Thrift Store short film. In conclusion, politeness strategies, namely bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness and off-record. Positive politeness was the most frequently used strategy of politeness.
Keywords: Pragmatics, Politeness, Short film
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Luthfi, Muhamad, and Eva Devi Sofyawati. "POLITENESS STRATEGIES USED BY STUDENTS IN CLASSROOM INTERACTION." English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal) 5, no. 2 (July 19, 2022): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31980/eeal.v5i2.64.
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In education, such as classroom teaching and learning, politeness is very important. Students communicate with the teacher during the teaching and learning process using various sayings that demonstrate politeness strategies. Considering politeness consists of methods to create appropriate politeness in communication between students and teachers. But when students use politeness strategies in giving feedback on the teacher's response, not all students can know a good speech. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the politeness strategies used by students and teachers for classroom interaction. There are four politeness strategies based on Brown and Levinson's theory. There are bald on record, off record, positive politeness, and negative politeness. Researcher used qualitative descriptive methods to describe the results. The participants of this study were students and teachers in English classes. Researcher used two research instruments, namely interviews and observations. The Data were analyzed by undergoing several processes such as reading, analyzing, interpreting, and inferring. The results showed that the most dominant politeness strategy used by students is positive politeness. Thus, this study is expected to contribute to students choosing the suitability of politeness strategies when classed.
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Luthfi, Muhamad. "POLITENESS STRATEGIES USED BY STUDENTS IN CLASSROOM INTERACTION." English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal) 5, no. 2 (August 19, 2022): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31980/eealjournal.v5i2.2522.
Full textAbstract:
In education, such as classroom teaching and learning, politeness is very important. Students communicate with the teacher during the teaching and learning process using various sayings that demonstrate politeness strategies. Considering politeness consists of methods to create appropriate politeness in communication between students and teachers. But when students use politeness strategies in giving feedback on the teacher's response, not all students can know a good speech. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the politeness strategies used by students and teachers for classroom interaction. There are four politeness strategies based on Brown and Levinson's theory. There are bald on record, off record, positive politeness, and negative politeness. Researcher use qualitative descriptive methods to describe the results. The participants of this study were students and teachers in English classes. Researcher used two research instruments, namely interviews and observations. The Data will be analyzed by reading, analyzing, interpreting, and inferring. The results showed that the most dominant student strategy is positive politeness. Thus, this study is expected to contribute to students choosing the suitability of politeness strategies when classed.
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Saritza, Zuhra, and Muhammad Natsir. "Gender and Politeness of Request Expression on Whatsapp." TRANSFORM : Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2023): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/tj.v11i3.44031.
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The research discussed about politeness strategy used by male and female students in requesting on WhatsApp message. The aims of this study were: to find out the types of politeness strategy used by male and female students by using Brown and Levinson (1987) politeness theory, to find out the differences and reason of politeness strategy used by male and female students in requesting on WhatsApp. The descriptive qualitative method were used in this research, and the data were derived from the WhatsApp message script. The findings of the study showed that male students applied 3 politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987): bald-on record (21 sentences), positive politeness (8 sentences), negative politeness (3 sentences). The researcher also found that female students applied 4 politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987): bald-on record strategy (5 sentences), positive politeness (7 sentences), negative politeness (17 sentences), and off record (5 sentences). The significant difference in politeness strategies used by male and female students are that there is no off record strategy used by male students, they apply the bald-on record strategy more often, while female students are more varied in using of politeness strategies and mostly applied the negative politeness. The difference of male and female students politeness strategy in requesting on WhatsApp because each gender has own way in conveying their want. Male students were more direct when requesting to others, while female students were more indirect when requesting to others.
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Melati, Rahma, and Sabaruddin. "ANALYZING THE MEANING OF LANGUAGE USE IN POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN THE DANISH GIRL MOVIE." JLE: Journal of Literate of English Education Study Program 3, no. 02 (December 26, 2022): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47435/jle.v3i02.715.
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Politeness strategies are used to craft messages that save the listener's positive and negative face when face-threatening behavior is inevitable or desired. Brown and Levinson mainly outline his four types of politeness strategies. Do not use baldness, negative politeness, positive politeness, off the record (indirect), and simply face-threatening behavior. Positive politeness strategies try to minimize threats to the listener's positive face and make the listener feel good. Negative politeness strategies are based on avoidance and assume that the speaker is imposing something on the listener. Off-the-record strategies use indirect speech to deprive the speaker of the possibility of imposing themselves on the listener. Discourse analysis is conducted to analyze the "face-threatening acts" (FTA) in some conversations of The Danish Girl Movie(2015). Positive politeness or negative politeness is adopted to examine how to speaking between man and a beautiful girl respectively in unconventional ways, which enable them to develop friendship thanks to the politeness strategies used positive politeness and negative politeness. The "meaning of language use" in the politeness strategies is explored. The analysis of politeness in action in this film uncovers both the informational and affective dimensions of language use in structuring human relationship and friendship. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method. In this paper, used a purposive sampling technique. With this technique, only utterances with positive and negative politeness strategies were selected for inclusion in this paper. A descriptive qualitative research technique was used to analyze the data. Guidance maps were used to identify positive and negative politeness strategies. The study found that use positive and negative politeness strategies to mitigate threats. It also helps interlocutors understand the strategies they can use to communicate effectively, ensuring both sides feel valued in the conversation.
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Hambali, Daimun, and Novia Novia. "KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA INDONESIA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 06 KOTA BENGKULU." Jurnal PGSD 10, no. 1 (November 11, 2017): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/pgsd.10.1.11-17.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the politeness of Indonesian between students and between students and teachers at SDN 06 Bengkulu City neighborhood. The research subject is that students of class V. The scope of this research is the use of verbal and nonverbal politeness by students at SDN 06 Bengkulu: students with students, and students with teachers. This type of research is qualitative descriptive. Data collected by observation, field notes, interview techniques and recording technique. Steps of data analysis conducted in stages, data reduction, data display and data verification. Results of research on linguistic politeness Indonesia students in the SDN 06 Bengkulu city, namely (1) for politeness the studentsdata found conversational politeness students more than the data conversation violation of politeness that is, 21 data is conversations that contain maxims of politeness and 5 the data conversation violation maxim of politeness, (2) for politeness between students and teachers found 7 data containing politeness conversation, and was not found students who violate the maxim of politeness and not found students against teachers. All data that conversation concluded with a look at the context of the speech that underlie the events said. The conclusion from this study is that politeness between students and between students and teachers reveal politeness. For nonverbal language, in speaking students use the fit between body language and speech (verbal).
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Elin Ayu Istiyana Uly, Arin Inayah, and Tri Mulyati. "AN ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS PRINCIPLES IN THE SMALLFOOT MOVIE." LUNAR 6, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 414–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/ln.v6i2.2456.
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This research is a descriptive study on the use of politeness principle in the Smallfoot movie. The researcher employed descriptive qualitative method by collecting the utterances of the movie. This research aimed to identify the types of politeness principles used by the main character in the Smallfoot movie . This research analyze the politeness principles by using Brown and Levinson (1978) politeness theory. The result show that Smallfoot movie consists four types of politeness principles. They are 7 bald-on record, 8 positive politeness, 4 negative politeness and 2 off-record. In the types of politeness principles used by the main character consist 70 utterances they are 34 (48,5%) utterances of bald-on record, 25 (35,7%) utterances of positive politeness, 8 (11,5%) utterances of negative politeness and 3 (4,3%) utterances of off-record. Based on the result of this study, the researcher expects this study gives contributions to the researcher herself and the readers and for further researcher who interseted in analyzing movie
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Azizah, Nur Fitriayatul, Ahmad Burhanuddin, Suhartono Suhartono, and Yunis Effendri. "KESANTUNAN IMPERATIF GURU BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI KELAS X SMA TA’MIRIYAH SURABAYA." INDONESIA: Jurnal Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 4, no. 2 (August 10, 2023): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/indonesia.v4i2.45245.
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Imperative Politeness of Indonesian Language Teachers in Learning in Class X SMA Ta'miriyah Surabaya. This research is qualitative descriptive research that aims to describe the important utterances of SMA Ta'miriyah teachers in Surabaya. The data for this research are the utterances of Indonesian teachers at SMA Ta'miriyah Surabaya, which contain imperative linguistic and pragmatic politeness sentences. The source of the data is the spoken utterances of Indonesian teachers in SMA during the learning process in class. The results of the study show that the imperative politeness of Indonesian language teachers in linguistic imperative politeness is characterized by expressions marking politeness, namely please, try, please, come on, and beg. Imperative pragmatic politeness that appears in this study is divided into two, categories: pragmatic politeness of declarative speech and pragmatic politeness of interrogative speech. Among the declarative utterances are the politeness of orders, prohibitions, and invitations; and interrogative speech as an expression of the pragmatic politeness of prohibitions and orders.
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Rifai, Ahmad. "An Analising EFLTeacher’s Politeness Strategies in Classroom Interaction." FLIP: Foreign Language Instruction Probe 1, no. 2 (November 8, 2022): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54213/flip.v1i2.176.
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to investigate at how politeness strategies are used in EFL classroom interactions in a senior high school. This study employed a descriptive qualitative research approach to investigate the teacher and student politeness strategies in their interactions. An English teacher and 35 students took part in this research. This data in this research were taken from the form of utterances containing politeness strategies. The data was provided via a video-recorded 90-minute English class. There were six extracts with three politeness strategies: positive politeness strategy, negative politeness strategy, and bald-on-record method, according to the findings. The teacher was in charge of the exchanges. Furthermore, various characteristics such as age difference, institutional position, authority, and social distance affected politeness strategies used in classroom interactions.
Key Words: classroom interaction, politeness, politeness strategy
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Aspitasari, Febri, Made Budiarsa, and Gede Primahadi Wijaya Rajeg. "The Positive and Negative Politeness Strategies by the Characters Every Waking Breath Movie." Humanitatis : Journal of Language and Literature 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/humanitatis.v8i2.1911.
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Abstract
Good communication happened when a message is delivered by the speaker is well received by the interlocutor and both the speaker and the interlocutor feel good about what they do together. Thus make politeness and language cannot be separated. Politeness is not only can be seen from the manner, but also from the use of language. Positive and negative politeness strategies are commonly applied by people in their communication process. By understanding these two strategies, people are able to interact better in society. This study investigates how positive politeness and negative politeness strategies are enacted by the characters in the Every Waking Breath movie, and which strategies are predominantly applied. The data was taken from the characters’ utterances. Documentation and observation method were used and was assisted by note-taking techniques to obtain the data. Mix-method was used to present the analysis. The results showed there are nine types of positive politeness strategies applied by the characters, (i.e., Abigail/ Liz, Mark, and Sophie). The predominant positive politeness strategy used is Strategy 4: [Use in-group identity markers]. On the other hand, we identified five types of negative politeness strategies applied by characters. The conclusion of this research is that 17 (70,83%) of the total 24 utterances evoke the positive politeness strategies while 8 (29,17%) reflect the negative politeness strategies. The predominance of the positive politeness strategies suggests socially close relationships and solidarity between interlocutors in the movie.
Keywords: Politeness Strategies, Positive Politeness Strategies, Negative Politeness Strategies, Movie, Characters.
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Lestari, Erna Tri, Bambang Hartono, and Santi Pratiwi Tri Utami. "Kesantunan Bahasa pada Buku Pelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia untuk SMP/MTS Kelas IX." Jurnal Sastra Indonesia 7, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jsi.v7i2.29833.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan mengenai pematuhan dan pelanggaran bidal-bidal kesantunan, serta kesantunan linguistik yang terdapat pada buku pelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia untuk SMP/MTs Kelas IX.Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan teoretis dan metodologis. Pendekatan teoretis yang digunakan adalah pendekatan pragmatik, sedangkan pendekatan metodologis yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan deskriptif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa penggalan wacana dantuturanpada buku pelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia untuk SMP/MTs Kelas IX, sedangkan sumber data penelitian ini adalah wacana pada buku pelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia untuk SMP/MTs Kelas IX. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode simak dan dengan teknik catat. Analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif. Pemaparan hasil analisis data menggunakan metode informal. Hasil penelitian pada buku pelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia untuk SMP/MTs Kelas IX ditemukan data yang bervariasi. Berdasarkan bidal-bidal kesantunan yang dipatuhi ditemukan pada bidal bidal kerendahatian, bidal kesetujuan, dan bidal kesimpatian. Berdasarkan bidal-bidal kesantunan yang dilanggar ditemukan pada bidal keperkenanan, bidal kesetujuan, dan bidal kesimpatian. Berdasarkankesantunan linguistik, ditemukan 3 data yang tergolong dalam panjang pendek tuturan sebagai penentu kesantunan linguistik tuturanimperatif, sedangkan padaungkapan penanda kesantunan linguistik tuturan ditemukan 27 data yang tergolong ke dalam tuturan yang mengandung ungkapan penanda kesantunantuturanimperatif dan tuturan yang tidak mengandung ungkapan penanda kesantunan yaitu pada ungkapan tolong, silakan, mari, ayo, dancoba.
The purpose of this study is to describe the maxim-compliance and violation of maxim politeness, as well as linguistic politeness contained in Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia untuk SMP/MTs Kelas IX textbooks. This study used theoretical and methodological approaches. The theoretical approach used is a pragmaticapproach, while the methodological approach used is qualitative and descriptive approach. The data in this study is a fragment of discourse on Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia textbook for Junior High School/MTs class IX, while the source of data is a discourse on Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia textbook for Junior High School/MTs class IX. Data collection is done with methods and techniques refer to the note. This data analysis using normative method. Exposure data analysis using informal method. The results of the study on Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia textbook for Junior High School/MTs class IX was found the varies data. Based on maxim politeness complied found in modesty maxim, agreement maxim, and sympathy maxim. Based on maxim politeness infringed found on appobation maxim, agreement maxim, and sympathy maxim. Based on linguistic politeness, found 3 data belongs to the short-legth of the speech as a determinant of linguistic politenesss in speech, while the expression of linguistic speech politeness marker found 27 data that pertained to in the speech containing an exprssion of politeness markers and speech wich does not contain the phrase marker of politeness in that the expression please, please, let's, let's go and try.
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Syarifuddin, Nurjannah, Abdul Hakim Yassi, and Harlinah Sahib. "A Comparison between English and Makassarese Politeness System: A Comparative Study." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 5, no. 1 (March 11, 2022): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v5i1.19102.
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This study aimed to describe the dominant variable that affected in use of politeness systems and to analyse the process of native speakers of English and Makassar in using the politeness system through conversations. The method of this study was the quantitative method and used statistic frequency. In this study, there are two variables that affected politeness. These data were processed based on the identification, classification, description, grouping, and calculation. Yassi’s theoretical framework found there are six politeness strategies. The strategies are deference in non-kinship, deference in kinship, intimacy in non-kinship, intimacy in kinship, hierarchy in non-kinship, and hierarchy in kinship. Based on his theory, age and seniority were the most affected in use politeness. The researcher found the difference in this study. The research finding indicates that the two variables do not affected the politeness systems of English but it is affected for Makassarese politeness systems. The English and Makassarese were different countries, so the politeness systems were also different. The English used FTA in doing communications and Makassarese has positive and negative politeness. The educational background is the dominant variable in use negative politeness and the age affect in use positive politeness for Makassarese.