Journal articles on the topic 'Polish Silesia'
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1
Wyderka, Bogusław. "O stosunkach językowych na Śląsku." Białostockie Archiwum Językowe, no. 5 (2005): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/baj.2005.05.13.
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The author presents a very interesting and complex linguistic situation in Silesia, revealing its linguistic and non-linguistic causes, such as people’s migrations, German language influence, and general Polish and folk Polish speech impact. Taking the most important Silesian linguistic features into consideration, he distinguishes five regions of distinctly formed communication systems: Lower Silesia, Opole Silesia, Upper Silesia, Cieszyn Silesia and Zaolzie.
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Michalewski, Tomasz. "Tożsamość narodowa a problem „polskości” i „śląskości” w twórczości Jana Goczoła." Intercultural Relations 7, no. 1 (September 16, 2020): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/rm.01.2020.07.01.
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National Identity and the Problem of "Polish" and "Silesia" in the Work of Jan Goczoł
The article presents the issues of Polishness and Silesianness in the national consciousness of Jan Goczoł, who is known as a poet with a great deal of authorship, prose writer, columnist, and also an Opolian Silesia cultural activist. The article describes the life path of the poet, his family background, and the crystallisation of national consciousness in his writing. The poetry of the defender of the native tradition is emotionally marked with Silesian motifs and refers to the culture of many generations of Silesians.
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Kamusella, Tomasz. "Silesian in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: a language caught in the net of conflicting nationalisms, politics, and identities." Nationalities Papers 39, no. 5 (September 2011): 769–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2011.599373.
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A probe into the changing perceptions and classifications of Silesian (i.e. the Slavic dialect and the Slavic-Germanic creole of Upper Silesia, or both construed as the ethnolect of the Silesians) during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as most saliently influenced by the mutually nullifying competition of German and Polish ethnolinguistic nationalisms. This competition opened the space for the rise of the Silesian national-cum-regional movement, which sometimes undertook the task of codifying a Silesian language. Such codifications were frustrated during the periods of dictatorship and totalitarianism, which lasted in Upper Silesia from 1926/1933 to 1989. Berlin and Warsaw suppressed the possibility of the rise of a Silesian language, perceived as an ideological threat to the ethnolinguistic legitimization of German and Polish national statehood. Today, Warsaw dislikes the recent popular grassroots project to codify Silesian as a language, but, under the democratic conditions enjoyed in postcommunist Poland, the state administration has no legal means to suppress this project. The codification of Silesian gathered pace at the turning of the twenty-first century, due, among other reasons, to the rapid spread of access to the Internet. However, without the state's blessing and support, the outcome of the codification project, remains, at best, uncertain.
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Orlewski, Patryk. "Identity and distribution of the Silesian minority in Poland." Miscellanea Geographica 23, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2019-0006.
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Abstract According to the National Census of Population and Housing 2011, Silesians are the second largest nationality in Poland. Nevertheless, Silesian nationality is not recognised under Polish law. In this paper, the main aspects of the identity of the Silesian people are discussed. Research was carried out using questionnaire-based interviews in ten municipalities in the Silesian Voivodeship, characterised by the greatest share of Silesians. The ethnic identity of Silesians is complex – more than half of the respondents declared dual nationality. Most of the respondents demand the recognition of the Silesian ethnolect as a regional language, and consequently, its inclusion as a school subject in Upper Silesia. The postulate of establishing autonomy is popular, with a model of the Silesian Voivodeship from the period of interwar Poland.
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Gierczak, Dariusz. "Contested minorities – the case of Upper Silesia." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0061.
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AbstractUpper Silesia in terms of ethnicity is a typical example of a historical region in Europe, but in fact, one of the few exceptions in contemporary Poland, where its mixed ethnic and religious structures have at least partly survived until today. While their existence had been denied by Nazi Germany (1933-1945) as well as by the Polish People's Republic (1945-1989), the emancipation of the German and Silesian minorities after the democratic changes of 1989 have evoked strong emotions in the ethnically almost uniform country. Nonetheless, the recent situation of minorities has improved as never before. Minority organisations has been officially recognized and German finally has become the second language in some municipalities of Upper Silesia, but the largest ethnic group in the whole country, the Silesians, have still experienced no formal recognition as a national minority. This article deals with the demographic aspects of the ethnic groups in Upper Silesia since the 19th century until recent times. The census results concerning the ethnic minorities or languages in Upper Silesia have been contested since the first records of that kind have been taken. The outcomes of the both last censuses of 2002 and 2011 concerning the minority question reflected for the first time a much more realistic picture of the status quo. Furthermore, they showed that the idea of Silesian identification found an unexpected high number of supporters. This fact indicates an emerging meaning of regional identification amid significant changes of cultural values in Polish society.
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Hentschel, Gerd. "Obserwacje dotyczące rozpowszechnienia germanizmów leksykalnych we współczesnym regiolekcie śląskim." LingVaria 14, no. 27 (May 31, 2019): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/lv.14.2019.27.08.
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Observations on the Spread of Lexical Germanisms in the Contemporary Silesian RegiolectThe article analyses the extent to which Silesians who say that they regularly use the Silesian regiolect still actively use the numerous lexical Germanisms that have been described for Silesian. It is based on a survey of nearly 1,000 respondents about their “subjective frequency” of Germanism usage. Procedures are suggested for distinguishing between Germanisms that tend to be used more frequently and those that tend to be used less frequently. A much-discussed codification of Silesian could dispense with the latter. Factors influencing usage frequency that are discussed in the article include the prevalence of a range of Silesian Germanisms in Polish dialects outside of Silesia as well as knowledge of German. In addition, the extent of Silesian and Polish usage by speakers of Silesian in different communication contexts is also described.
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Dziuba, Adam, and Sebastian Rosenbaum. "Początki ruchu komunistycznego na Górnym Śląsku (1918–1924)." Res Gestae 10 (July 27, 2020): 184–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/24504475.10.13.
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The defeat of the German Empire in World War I contributed to the radicalisation of social and political sentiment in Germany. In the territory of Upper Silesia, a borderland of the German Reich, these conflicts strengthened national antagonisms. In such a situation the Communist Party of Upper Silesia was created at the end of 1918, achieving serious organisational successes and greatly influencing the attitude of a large number of industrial workers. These local communists sought to channel radical social moods into a communist revolution, but they collided with and lost to Polish and German nationalism. At the time of the decisive battle for Upper Silesia’s nationalities, the communist movement was seriously weakened and did not matter in the struggle for the future of the region. After the division of Upper Silesia in 1922, the structures of the Communist Party of Upper Silesia were incorporated on a territorial basis into the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) or the Communist Party of Poland (KPP). The communists operating in the Polish Silesia (Silesian voivodship) region managed to take advantage of mass strikes in 1923 and led to civil unrest. An attempt to escalate this tension was hindered by the pacification action carried out by state authorities. The most important activists were imprisoned and the party itself had to go underground, sharing the fate of the KPP. The communists active in the KPD also tried to lead the population of the German part of Upper Silesia into revolt but, although they were close to success several times, did not manage to channel the strike into a communist revolution. However, they remained one of the three most influential political parties in the German Upper Silesian Province.
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Sołdra-Gwiżdż, Teresa. "„Los granicznej krainy”. Śląsk Cieszyński w socjologicznej refleksji Jana Szczepańskiego." Górnośląskie Studia Socjologiczne. Seria Nowa 12 (December 31, 2021): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/gss_sn.2021.12.12.
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The article is an attempt to reconstruct the image of Cieszyn Silesia contained in the works of Jan Szczepański. The author presents the most important elements of the image of Silesia (the Polish part of Silesia, i.e. the Silesian Voivodeship at that time) drawn by Szczepański in the interwar period, and the image of Cieszyn Silesia in the post-war period. In his opinion, the essence of Silesian reality is conflict and struggle. Treating Cieszyn Silesia as a borderland area with a strongly outlined cultural, religious (Protestant) and aesthetic distinctiveness, he argues about its Polishness, emphasizing that it is a misunderstood region in Poland. The author believes that in Jan Szczepański’s deliberations on Cieszyn Silesia, it is not possible to identify a clear “thinking style”, while Szczepański’s way of thinking about Cieszyn Silesia, despite its fragmentary nature and many understatements, is part of the two most important research paradigms identified in the sociology of Silesia: borderland and multiculturalism.
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Siuciak, Mirosława. "Polska agitacja patriotyczna w prasie górnośląskiej okresu powstań i plebiscytu (1919–1921)." Język Polski 100, no. 4 (2020): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31286/jp.100.4.4.
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The aim of the article is to determine the most common means of persuasion used in the Upper Silesian press to influence the Polish-speaking inhabitants of Upper Silesia to vote in favour of joining Poland in the 1921 plebiscite. The campaigning was based on two mechanisms: emphasis on historical and cultural connections with Poland and a negative presentation of Germans and the German state. The Upper Silesian’s ties with the Polish nation were stressed by means of such arguments as: the myth of Silesia as an ancient Piast land, the trope of Poland as a mother figure waiting for the return of her lost child, and the community of Polish speech and Catholicism. The German state, on the other hand, was portrayed as a land of captivity, where the Upper Silesian people had been Germanized and economically exploited for centuries. The image of the German was, in turn, based on the stereotypes of the enemy, an oppressor of Polish speech and religion, and a ruthless capitalist.
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Wnętrzak, Grzegorz. "Niemcy śląscy w wyborach do parlamentu polskiego w latach 1922–1930 a kwestia liczebności Niemców w województwie śląskim." Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 10 (November 15, 2017): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5754.
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The article presents a correlation between the size of the German population in the interwar period in the Silesian voivodeship and the results achieved by German electoral lists in the elections to the Polish parliament in 1922–1930. The author not only indicates significant differences between the numbers declared in the German census and the results of the elections, but also tries to find out the cause of this situation. He also discusses the differences between the various parts of the voivodship, especially between Prussian and Austrian Silesia (Cieszyn Silesia), showing how the different levels of Polish national consciousness and regional separatism in these two parts influenced the outcome of the elections for the German minority.
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Puchalska, Katarzyna. "THE DIFFERENTATION IN POLISH REGIONS IN TERMS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT." sj-economics scientific journal 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 296–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.58246/sjeconomics.v21i2.358.
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The article presents the differentiation between the regions in terms of foreign direct investment (FDI). The dominant importance for enterprises with foreign capital has Masovian Voivodeship where for years the most joint ventures has been registered. In this region is located more than 39% of such entities. Another important province for foreign investors are: Lower Silesia, Silesia and Greater Poland. The lowest important for foreign investors are: Świętokrzyskie, Warmia-Mazury and Opole. In terms of employed in joint ventures the most importance has: Masovian Voivodeship , Greater Poland Voivodeship , Silesian and Lower Silesia Voivodeship.
This disparities are largely due to the potential and resources of the regions themselves, which in turn depends on many factors, such as: geopolitical, or historically shaped the social and economic structure.
12
Nawrocki, Tomasz. "Przyczynek do recepcji śląskiej monografii Józefa Chałasińskiego." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 53, no. 2 (June 22, 2009): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2009.53.2.6.
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The author recalls a now-classic monograph of a Silesian housing estate, written by Professor Józef Chałasiński, an outstanding Polish sociologist, entitled Polish-German Antagonism in the “Kopalnia” Factory Housing Estate in Upper Silesia. He discusses the basic assumptions of this monograph and the main theses of its three pre-war reviews (by Paweł Rybicki, Stanisław Rychliński, and Tadeusz Szczurkiewicz). He then presents the post-war reception of Professor Chałasiński’s research, and closes by reflecting on the topicality of this monograph.
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Majchrowicz, Bartłomiej. "Prawo czy bezprawie? O legalności wprowadzenia Niemieckiej Listy Narodowościowej na Górnym Śląsku w świetle czwartej konwencji haskiej postrzeganej przez pryzmat wykładni prawa międzynarodowego przez prawników niemieckich i polskich." Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica 20, no. 1 (2021): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/mhi.2021.20.01.05.
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In the following article, I will attempt to present the matter of the German Nationality List in Upper Silesia from three historical and legal perspectives, as well as a brief overview of how it influenced the fate of the Upper Silesians and the Polish-German relations. After a short description of the most important results of the introduction of the German Nationality List in Upper Silesia and its impact on the relations between the Polish and German people, I will present the literal wording of the Fourth Hague Convention (with particular emphasis on the third chapter including the exercise of occupation) and show an example of its use after the First World War. In the next part, I will present the Polish legal interpretation of its provisions in the context of assessing the legality of introducing the German Nationality List in Upper Silesia. In the last part, I will present the different standpoint of German lawyers to achieve my main research goal, which was to present (in a comparative way) the importance of the legal interpretation in international law – although texts of the conventions are most often formulated clearly and initially their wording does not raise any doubts in the interpreter, they create the possibility of a broad interpretation, often openly undermining the foundations of the entire international order. Although the example itself is historical, the subject of differences in the interpretation of international law is particularly important nowadays, with the advancing globalization and international integration. The article uses both the texts of legal acts (the Fourth Hague Convention and the Briand-Kellogg Pact) and their subsequent interpretations by Polish and German lawyers. In the part concerning Polish-German relations in the light of the German Nationality List in Upper Silesia, the memories of witnesses of history were also used.
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Gorzelik, Jerzy. "Alegorie Polski w gmachach publicznych i kościołach województwa śląskiego na wybranych przykładach (1922-1939)." Artifex Novus, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/an.7828.
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Utworzenie autonomicznego województwa śląskiego w ramach polskiego państwa narodowego oraz diecezji katowickiej wiązało się z reorganizacją systemu władzy, w którym poczesne miejsce zajęły grupy polsko-śląskich duchownych oraz urzędników i świeckiej inteligencji. Ich wzajemna rywalizacja oraz wspólne dążenie do nacjonalizacji Górnoślązaków w duchu polskim inspirowały dwa odmienne, choć spokrewnione dyskursy, w których wykorzystywano środki obrazowe. Wśród nich znaczącą rolę odgrywały alegoryczne wizualizacje Polski, zakorzenione w tradycjach sztuki polskiej przełomu XIX/XX wieku. W wystrojach gmachów Sejmu Śląskiego i Śląskiego Urzędu Wojewódzkiego oraz starostwa powiatowego w Katowicach zastosowano motyw Polonia Triumphans. W pierwszym z przypadków rzeźbiarz Jan Raszka nadał personifikacji wczesnośredniowieczną stylizację, nawiązującą do piastowskiego „złotego wieku”, a u jej tronu umieścił asystę w osobach hutnika i górnika, stylizowanych na kresowych rycerzy. Inna z płaskorzeźb przedstawia Polonię jako Nike i Wolność prowadzącą do boju powstańca śląskiego, zobrazowanego jako hutnik z młotem, oraz żołnierza walczącego z Czechami o Śląsk Cieszyński. Wątek zbrojnej walki o granice pojawia się także w malowidłach Felicjana Szczęsnego Kowarskiego w budynku starostwa, gdzie ukazaną w postaci greckiej heroiny Polonię z mieczem i tarczą flankują postaci śląskich herosów – całość programu ma jawnie rewizjonistyczną wymowę.
Wyraźnie większe bogactwo wątków prezentuje zespół trzech obrazów Józefa Unierzyskiego, zamówionych do kościoła mariackiego w Katowicach. Ich centralną postacią jest Maria Królowa Korony Polskiej, przybierająca cechy Polonii Triumphans. Fundamentem łączności Górnego Śląska z Polską jest tu wspólna katolicka wiara. Górnośląski lud pod przywództwem bliskich mu kapłanów włącza się u stóp Madonny w nurt polskiej historii, określony dziejową misją przedmurza chrześcijaństwa, wnosząc jako wiano żywą religijność i pracowitość. Na zlecenie proboszcza ks. Emila Szramka malarz zaprezentował zrastanie się z polskością jako naturalny i obustronnie korzystny proces.
The creation of the autonomous Silesian voivodeship within the borders of the Polish nation state and of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Katowice meant a profound change in the distribution of power, the groups of Polish-Silesian clergy and Polish bureaucrats, as well as secular intelligentsia gaining increasingly in importance. Their rivalry and common effort to polonize Upper Silesians inspired two different, although interrelated discourses, visual means being involved in both of them. Among the motives, implemented in the propaganda, allegorical depictions of Poland - rooted in the traditions of the Polish art of the turn of the twentieth century – played a significant role. In the decorations of the edifices of Silesian Sejm and Silesian Voivodeship Office and of the county authorities they were shaped as the personification of Polonia Triumphans. In the former case the sculptor Jan Raszka represented the allegory as an early medieval figure, reminding of a „golden age” of the Piast dynasty, seated on the throne and accompanied by a coal miner and a foundry-worker, stylized as borderland knights. In another bas-relief Polonia was depicted as Victory and Liberty leading into battle a Polish-Silesian insurgent, rendered as a foundry-worker with a hammer in his hands, and a soldier, fighting against Czechs for Teschen Silesia. The strand of military fighting over disputed territories occurs also in the paintings by Felicjan Szczęsny Kowarski in the Katowice County Hall, where Polonia, depicted as a Greek heroine with a sword and a shield, is accompanied by Silesian heroes and the meaning of the decoration is manifestly revisionist, advocating moving Polish border westwards.
A conspicuosly wider range of contents is reflected in a series of three paintings by Józef Unierzyski, ordered for St. Mary’s Church in Katowice. Their central figure is Mary the „Queen of the Polish Crown”, assuming the features of Polonia Triumphans. The connection between Upper Silesia and Poland is founded here on the common catholic faith. At the feet of Madonna Upper Silesian folk, led by clergy, that remains faithfull to its popular roots, and bringing its vivid religiosity and dilligence, joins the stream of the Polish history, determined by the historical mission of antemurale christianitatis,. Commissioned by the parson Emil Szramek, the painter represented the growing together of Upper Silesia and Poland as a natural and mutually profitable process.
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Gębołyś, Zdzisław. "Cieszyńskie bibliografie terytorialne od końca wieku XIX do początku wieku XXI." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 11 (December 29, 2017): 333–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2017.42.
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The paper will present the most important accomplishments on the field of documentation and registering of literature from Cieszyn Silesia, firstly bibliographical lists, which were prepared in 19th century to 20th century. Next I would like to describe collective (teamwork) bibliographies, Polish, Czech and German, which register literature from Cieszyn Silesia. Registration of publishing production from Cieszyn Silesia will be showed within the context of complicated and various political, economical an cultural conditions. Critical review of literature revevals the need of registering prints from Cieszyn Silesia. Polish and Czech activities in this field are will be discussed, as well as planned ones concerning a complete database of Cieszyn Silesia publishing production.
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Jüttemann, Andreas. "Die Geschichte des Schlesischen Schlammfiebers." ASU Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin 2020, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17147/asu-2012-8789.
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The history of Silesian slime fever Slime fever is a bacterial infection that particularly affected agricultural workers in Silesia between 1880 and 1940. The town of Ratibor (Racibórz in Polish) in Upper Silesia was a centre of the outbreaks. It was particularly hard hit by the flood disasters on the Oder in 1891, 1926 and 1939. Large outbreaks also occurred on a regular basis in Bavaria, where the disease was known as harvest fever or field fever. Leptospira were clearly identified as pathogens for all manifestations in 1927. Further research showed that mice and rats were the main cause of the spread of bacteria. Apart from harvest helpers, slime fever primarily affected canal workers in towns or swimmers. Leptospirosis is a recognised occupational disease in agriculture today and is usually treated with antibiotics. Keywords: leptospirosis – spirochetes – slime fever – Silesia – Ratibor – history
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Śleziak, Marta. "Specyfika dolnośląskich druków ulotnych z lat 1945–1948 w kontekście tradycji wydawnictw efemerycznych." Język a Kultura 26 (February 22, 2017): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.26.15.
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Peculiarity of Polish Lower Silesian posters from 1945–1948 in the context of printed ephemera traditionThe aim of this article is to present specificity of Polish posters, public notices, proclamations, leaflets and brochures that were printed in Lower Silesia in the years 1945–1948. All these materials refer to along tradition of printed ephemera and seem to be unique for scientists representing many fields. However, in this article peculiarity of these materials for linguists interested in political propaganda, newspeak, language of values is shown. There were three issues presented composition, subject matter and stylistics which are an introduction to very detailed research on language of Polish printed ephemera.
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Skibiński, Edward. "Piastowie śląscy w kronikach." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 14, no. 4 (2) (December 15, 2016): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1306.
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The paper contains an analysis of the vision of Silesia and the Silesian Piasts in our oldest historiography. The chronicles by Gall Anonymous, Master Vincent and Great Poland Chronicle are discussed succesively. Silesia in the narrative of the chronicles until testament Krzywoustego functions as an integral and important part of the Polish state. This is supported by the fact that it became a district of the princeps. Despite the expulsion of Władysław II coming back of his sons in the chronicle of Master Vincent is viewed as a positive step. They are not treated in the text as enemies to Kazimierz and Leszek the White. Their adherence to the camp Mieszko the Old stems rather from the ability of the latter to persuade people. This trend of Master Vincent’s chronicle is not maintained by the Great Poland chronicle. The Chronicler shows distinct dislikes of the Piasts of Silesia and their activities.
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Bauchrowicz-Tocka, Maria. "Liga Kobiet wśród autochtonek na Górnym Śląsku w pierwszych latach PRL." Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych, no. 2(11) (2021): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/cnisk.2021.02.11.06.
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In the years 1945–1950, the autochthons in Upper Silesia underwent nationality verification and repolonization. These processes gave rise to distrust of the Polish administration and the Women’s League, which was identified with the new government. The indigenous people did not participate in public and social life. The League’s activists made sporadic attempts to include Silesian women in the work of the organization. The situation changed with the implementation of the six-year plan.
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Albiniak, Elżbieta s. Monika. "The Academic Committee for the Defence of Plebiscite Lands of Warmia, Masuria and Upper Silesia active at the University of Lublin and its history." Masuro-Warmian Bulletin 310, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 565–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134996.
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The Academic Committee for the Defence of Plebiscite Lands of Warmia, Masuria and Upper Silesia was active and successful at the University of Lublin. It was one of the developmental stages of the Academic Com�mittee for the Defense of Plebiscite Areas, established at the University of Lublin on 30 May 1920. The Academic Committee conducted a variety of actions, all the while aiming at providing material assistance to the uprisings, spreading a sense of connection of the Lublin inhabitants with the Upper Silesian people and maintaining the state of eagerness to cooperate with them in the fight for their rights. At the Bytom Commissariat in Silesia, the Univer�sity of Lublin was represented before the plebiscite by Sandomierz clerics and simultaneously students of canon law at the University of Lublin: Stefan Grelewski and Józef Sznuro. They worked in Upper Silesia first as teachers and then in the Press Department of the Polish Plebiscite Commissariat in Bytom. The most intense period for the Academic Committee was the time between 10 May and June 1921. They intensified their efforts by engaging in various types of activities. A great fundraiser was held at the time, readings and rallies were organised as signs of support for Silesian insurgents. The Academic Committee dissolved in July 1921.
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Łach, Janusz, Alicja Krzemińska, Krzysztof Widawski, and Anna Zaręba. "The role of the Protestant legacy in shaping Lower Silesian cultural heritage as exemplified by the refuge church in Borek Strzeliński (Großburg)." Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo 10, no. 1 (2022): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2021.10.1.4.
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Protestant refuge churches were built in Silesian Protestant principalities, and in the borderline areas of Saxony, Brandenburg and Poland before the end of Thirty Years’ War and the signing of the Peace of Westphalia. In the most part, the churches were erected by means of adapting Catholic churches to the needs of Protestant believers, e.g. by building emporas (choir galleries), a pulpit and an altar inside the church. The acquisition of churches in Silesia was peaceful, without any violence almost everywhere, and it was not a rare phenomenon that a single church was used by two religions at the same time. At the end of the eighteenth century, there were approximately 110 refugee churches in Silesia. Currently, there are no churches of this type in Lower Silesia, and their extraordinary decoration was preserved in only a few of them. The main aim is to analyse this specific, forgotten sacral Protestent heritage, i.e. refuge churches in Lower Silesia, from the historical, sociological and architectural perspective. The main objective is to focus on the historical importance of the refuge churches in Lower Silesia – restoring identity as exemplified by the church in Großburg (Polish: Borek Strzeliński), analyse the degree to which the Protestant cultural legacy was preserved in the material rural architecture of Großburg and analyse the acceptance of the Evangelical heritage in the mentality of the local community.
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Łach, Janusz, Alicja Krzemińska, Krzysztof Widawski, and Anna Zaręba. "The role of the Protestant legacy in shaping Lower Silesian cultural heritage as exemplified by the refuge church in Borek Strzeliński (Großburg)." Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo 10, no. 1 (2022): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2022.10.1.4.
Full textAbstract:
Protestant refuge churches were built in Silesian Protestant principalities, and in the borderline areas of Saxony, Brandenburg and Poland before the end of Thirty Years’ War and the signing of the Peace of Westphalia. In the most part, the churches were erected by means of adapting Catholic churches to the needs of Protestant believers, e.g. by building emporas (choir galleries), a pulpit and an altar inside the church. The acquisition of churches in Silesia was peaceful, without any violence almost everywhere, and it was not a rare phenomenon that a single church was used by two religions at the same time. At the end of the eighteenth century, there were approximately 110 refugee churches in Silesia. Currently, there are no churches of this type in Lower Silesia, and their extraordinary decoration was preserved in only a few of them. The main aim is to analyse this specific, forgotten sacral Protestent heritage, i.e. refuge churches in Lower Silesia, from the historical, sociological and architectural perspective. The main objective is to focus on the historical importance of the refuge churches in Lower Silesia – restoring identity as exemplified by the church in Großburg (Polish: Borek Strzeliński), analyse the degree to which the Protestant cultural legacy was preserved in the material rural architecture of Großburg and analyse the acceptance of the Evangelical heritage in the mentality of the local community.
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Kossakowska-Jarosz, Krystyna. "Cultural Aspect of Regional Patriotism Fostered in the Nineteenth-Century Literature of Autochthon Upper Silesians." Prace Literaturoznawcze, no. 7 (February 7, 2020): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pl.4715.
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This text is part of the author’s research on the literary culture of the nineteenth-century UpperSilesia. The author shows that at the forefront of modern Europe (at the beginning of industrializationand urbanization of the continent) the autochthon writers of Upper Silesia undertook actionsaimed at fostering cultural awareness amongst their compatriots, who were considered to belong toa national minority, in order to instil patriotic feelings in them. In the current post-colonial discoursetheir struggles are recognized as the “voice of the periphery”. Striving to achieve civic maturity intheir Polish ecumene, these writers demonstrated considerable knowledge of their own Polish rootsas the inhabitants of this region. They assumed they must be aware of their distinctness from thedominant society in the Prussian state. The messages conveyed to their compatriots consisted inemphasizing the common history of Silesians and Poles and remembering the glorious past of thelatter. These were the foundations for shaping the sense of identity as well as for creating strongties with their own land. The development of such an emotional attitude towards the place and itspast among the readers allowed for effective building of patriotic attitudes, which was confirmed bycontemporary observers of the writers’ efforts. They continued coming to Upper Silesia from otherregions of the former Polish Republic to learn about ways of writing “for people.”
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Martinek, Libor. "Poezie Wilhelma Przeczka v českých a německých překladech." Slavia Occidentalis, no. 74/2 (December 10, 2018): 135–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/so.2017.74.29.
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In this article, we are presenting the work of a Polish poet from a Polish minority the Czech Cieszyn Silesia Wilhelm Przeczek (7. 4. 1936 v Karviná, Czechoslovakia - 10. 7. 2006 Třinec, Czech Republic) into the Czech and German language, as the author’s poetry was published not only in journals but also in books. We understand translation as an expression of intercultural communication, and especially in the area of the literature of a national minority, which is undoubtedly a Polish ethnic group in the Czech Cieszyn Silesia, it is a paramount phenomenon comparing the quality of literary life in the area with majority culture (Czech); as far as translations into German are concerned, it shows the interest of translators in the work of a poet from the Polish national minority, without this witnessing the emanation of a typical Polish soul in Polish literature in the Czech Republic and former Czechoslovakia, but it is evidence that it is fully competitive in total Polish national culture.
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Malicki, Jarosław. "Zapisy toponimicznych poloników i bohemików wobec zagadnienia powstania i rozwoju polsko-czeskiej granicy językowej w średniowieczu." Onomastica Slavogermanica 31 (April 10, 2020): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0474-1471.31.3.
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An analysis of the material presented in the article (geographical names, hydronyms, oronyms as well as anthroponyms) makes it possible to draw geolinguistic, onomastic and historical-linguistic conclusions concerning the Polish-Bohemian language borderland (between Silesia, Moravia and Bohemia) in the Middle Ages and to establish the areas in which the two languages could influence each other. In the 12th century, Silesia was strongly linked linguistically to the other provinces of former Poland. In the 13th century, direct contact between the Polish and Czech languages occurred in an area from Ostravice to Prudnik. In the 13th and 14th centuries contacts between the two languages in the area overlapped with German–Polish and German–Bohemian contacts. This resulted in changes of names, mixed names, spread of new naming models. Part of the language area of the Polish-Bohemian borderland became a German-speaking area. This determined the local nature of the Polish-Czech or Polish-Bohemian linguistic neighbourhood.
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Linek, Bernard. "The Upper Silesia plebiscite 20th March 1921, Origin – preparations – results – evaluation." Masuro-Warmian Bulletin 317, no. 2 (August 18, 2022): 171–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-152759.
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The article analyses the socio-political situation in Prussian Upper Silesia (administratively the Opole region/ plebiscite area) in the period of autumn 1918. - May 1922. The region belonged to the typical regions of Central and Eastern Europe with a mixed national and religious population and loyalties running sometimes backwards from the ethnic equipment. Although statistically it was dominated by a Slavic/Polish-speaking population, politically it was dominated by the German Catholic Centre Party before the war. It was distinguished by its economic potential, as the Upper Silesian Industrial District was one of the largest centers of heavy industry in Europe. The plebiscite established by the Treaty of Versailles, which was to decide on its nationality, took place on March 20, 1921. After an armed attempt at a fait accompli by the Polish side, the plebiscite area was finally divided on a national basis by a decision of the Council of Ambassadors.
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Venken, Machteld. "Secondary school principals and liminality in Polish Upper Silesia (1919-1939)." Journal of Modern European History 19, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894421992685.
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Establishing and implementing rules that would teach young people to become active citizens became a crucial technique for turning those spots on the map of Europe whose sovereignty had shifted after World War I into lived social spaces. This article analyses how principals of borderland secondary schools negotiated transformation in Polish Upper Silesia with the help of Arnold Van Gennep’s notion that a shift in social statuses possessed a spatiality and temporality of its own. The article asks whether and how school principals were called on to offer elite training that would make Polish Upper Silesia more cohesive with the rest of Poland in terms of the social origins of pupils and the content of the history curriculum. In addition, it examines the extent to which borderland school principals accepted, refuted, or helped to shape that responsibility. The social origins of pupils are detected through a quantitative analysis of recruitment figures and the profiles of pupils’ parents. This analysis is combined with an exploration of how school principals provided a meaningful explanation of the recent past (World War I and the Silesian Uprisings). The article demonstrates that while school principals were historical actors with some room to make their own decisions when a liminal space was created, changed, and abolished, it was ultimately a priest operating in their shadows who possessed more possibilities to become a master of ceremonies leading elite education through its rites of passage.
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Szkaradnik, Katarzyna. "Ślązacy Cieszyńscy jako „nasi–Obcy” / „my–Inni” w pismach Jana Szczepańskiego." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 60, no. 1 (March 21, 2016): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2016.60.1.1.
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The aim of this article is to reconstruct and interpret the vision of Silesians as Others contained in the texts of the sociologist Jan Szczepański. The article begins by pointing out Silesia’s lack of homogeneity and complex relation with Poland, as well as Szczepański’s predominant identification of Silesia with his native Cieszyń and his mythologizing of it as a borderland mainstay of Polishness. In this context, there is a clear parallel in Szczepański’s writings between Silesians and Indians (that is, the maintenance of a separate culture by the autochthonous people in spite of efforts to discourage their otherness). At the same time, Szczepański shows the culture of Cieszyń to be different from the dominant Polish model, being based mainly on values connected with the Protestant ethos: industry, reliability, order, and rationality. The author explains how presentation of an idealized Cieszyń community emerges in Szczepański’s writings as the project of ‘becoming another’, a path toward understanding one’s own cultural roots in order to use them creatively to shape real conditions.
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Černý, K., M. Hrabětová, I. Svobodová, M. Mrázková, and T. Kowalski. "Eutypella parasiticanaturalised in Bohemian and Polish Silesia." Forest Pathology 47, no. 4 (March 23, 2017): e12347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/efp.12347.
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Waniek, Katarzyna. "The potential of global solar radiation in the Silesia region as a renewable source of energy." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2016-0022.
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AbstractHistorically, Silesia has been at the centre of the Polish coal industry for many years and thus has experienced poorer air quality compared to other voivodeships. However, in recent years strong economic transformation in the area has led to a considerable reduction in coal production. This study aimed to assess the variability of global solar radiation at selected stations within the Silesian voivodeship, in order to re-evaluate the resources of renewable solar energy during the period 1994–2013. The theoretical potential of solar radiation was calculated based on a three-dimensional terrain model. The data on global solar radiation from 13 stations within the Silesia region, covering the period 1994–2013, were obtained from the Regional Inspectorate of Environmental Protection in Katowice. The most favourable conditions for the use of solar energy were found at the cities Sosnowiec and Cieszyn. The largest increase in global radiation over the research period was observed in Zabrze. The average annual global radiation ranged between 600–1300 kWh·m−2. Digital Elevation Models (DEM) for selected districts of the Silesia region were used to calculate the theoretical potential of global solar radiation. The highest theoretical potential of global radiation was found in the district of Cieszyn, located at the highest altitude.
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Nosiadek, Patrycja. "Silesian-Texans’ Memories as Recorded in Autobiographical Accounts." Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 47, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.476.
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The paper discusses the significance of immigrants’ memory in exile as well as its influence on the new lifestyle people have to adjust to in unknown surroundings. The author concentrates on a group of Silesian-Texans who left their homeland in Upper Silesia in the 19th century and found their first settlement in Panna Maria, Texas, USA. That emigration was a challenge for those migrants, and they had to go through difficult cultural, social and economic changes in the remote area. However, they never wanted to forget about their Silesian home. That is why they tried to preserve contact with their Polish families in the form of letters, short notes and stories. This paper analyses the unique autobiographical accounts which were used as the correspondence between the old homeland and new homeland for Silesian migrants. They were written mainly in the forms of letters, but there could also be found diaries and stories which depict their life in the USA. Those autobiographical accounts are based on migrant reality, without distorting it, thus presenting the devotion towards Polish and American culture, religion and society. The author of this paper explores the most crucial aspects of life for Silesian migrants which shaped their identity in the USA on the basis of the preserved materials and interviews.
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Elbel, Ondřej. "Border-crossings as memory sites? The case study of the Czech-Polish border in Cieszyn Silesia." Pogranicze. Polish Borderlands Studies 10, no. 3 (October 4, 2022): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/brs4689.
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This project evaluates the state borders between Czechia and Poland in the region of Cieszyn Silesia from the perspective of memory studies. Emphasizing the fact that the borders and especially border crossings are sites rich in symbolics, a field observation was conducted to explore whether the border-crossings (can) play a role in memory work. These sites, apart from their apparent function, represent bridges between two states and are usually two national communities. If these groups were in antagonistic relationships in the past (tensions, violence), the border could also become a site of rivalry (e.g., contested border demarcations). In this project, all the border-crossings between Czechia and Poland in Cieszyn Silesia are considered, and the imprints of the past are identified. According to the approach of the SANE framework (Björkdahl et al., 2017), some of these border crossings can be also considered memory sites which means they are (can become) a platform for reconciliation or construction of new and better cross-border relationships. That goal is also valid for Cieszyn Silesia which was divided into two parts after the First World War (Czechoslovak and Polish). Such demarcation did not respect the national and linguistic distribution of populations and left many Poles in Czechoslovakia. The demarcation of the new border was accompanied by events that turned sensitive from a longer perspective (Czechoslovak military campaign in 1919 on Polish territory, Polish occupation of Cieszyn Silesia in 1938). This paper, therefore, explores the reconciling and conflicting narratives the memory sites may have.
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Graczyk, Konrad. "Income Tax for 1939 and Occupation of Upper Silesia." Roczniki Nauk Prawnych 28, no. 1 ENGLISH ONLINE VERSION (October 25, 2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rnp.2018.28.1-1en.
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The article concerns the attitude of the occupation administration of the Third Reich introduced in Upper Silesia in September 1939 to the issue of income tax for 1939. The article discusses the analysis of Polish legislation and jurisprudence in the field of tax law carried out by German officials, the proposed regulation, its motives and the final solution. The considerations concerning Polish income tax were preceded by the presentation of analogous measures taken by Germany in connection with the incorporation of Austria and the Sudetenland.
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Sowa, Janusz. "Sport in the State Police of the Silesian Voivodeship in the years 1922–1939." Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe 4, no. 4 (2021): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/sit.2021.04.24.
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The development of sport in the police in 1922–1939 played an important role in the professional and private life of every policeman. In the police work, the basis for the implementation of the entrusted tasks is an above-average level of motor skills. The physical fitness system in the Silesian and state police of the Second Polish Republic is completely omitted in the literature on the subject. Therefore, the goal of this article was to undertake further historical research in this area, taking into account the broad issue of the development of sport in The Police during this period. In the article, on the basis of a query of historical materials collected in the Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw, the Central Archives of Police in Warsaw, the State Archives in Katowice, the Silesian Government and the Provincial Office in Katowice, I described courses and trainings increasing the fitness and promotion of physical culture among officers. They form the entire system of improving the efficiency in the ranks of The Silesian Police. I detailed the actions that led to the uprising in Silesia and across the country dozens of Police Sports Clubs. The article is an attempt to present an important issue concerning the functioning of this formation in the field of pro-sport activities. It contains descriptions of courses, trainings, sport disciplines, instructors and trainers, types of competitions and sports results at the voivodeship level.
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Copik, Ilona. "Symbolic “Iconic Sites” vs. “Quotidian Worlds”—industrial landscapes in 1960s Polish cinema." Polish Journal of Landscape Studies 2, no. 4-5 (July 31, 2019): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pls.2019.4.5.6.
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This paper examines industrial landscapes in Polish Cinema in the 60s. Upper Silesian scenery is considered not as a mere background but an essential element that constructs the cinematographic narration. Historic, economic, and socio-cultural context is brought up to draw attention to the propagandizing role of cinema in the 60s. The category of “iconic sites” proposed by Tim Edensor is introduced to analyze cinematographic depictions of Upper Silesia. Movies show the processes of industrialization framed by the strict artistic rules proposed by the Polish People Republic’s officials. The analyzed examples show the adoption of a distanced outsider’s perspective that is based on geographical and cultural orientation points. The propaganda images seen as “iconic sites” are confronted with another interpretative category proposed by Edensor, “quotidian worlds,” constituted by products of grassroots practices, focused on capturing the space of everyday experiences (surroundings) from the perspective of a citizen.
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Zagóra-Jonszta, Urszula. "Wielki kryzys gospodarczy w opinii „Lewiatana” i Górnośląskich Sfer Wielkoprzemysłowych." Optimum. Economic Studies, no. 1(103) (2021): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/oes.2021.01.103.02.
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Purpose – The article aims to present the attitude of representatives and spokespersons of large-scale industrial spheres of the Second Polish Republic towards the great economic crisis. The large capital concentrated in the Central Union of the Polish Industry, Mining, Trade and Finance, called “Lewiatan”, as well as the Upper Silesian industrialists, whose interests were represented by the Upper Silesian Association of Mining and Metallurgical Industrialists both defended themselves against the negative effects of the crisis. They sent petitions to the government in which they demanded tax breaks, exemption from customs duties, subsidies, reduction of social burdens, etc., otherwise threatening with mass dismissals of employees. At the same time, they were looking for the easier survival of the recession in the accelerated process of monopolizing of the industry. Research method – The source analysis method, comparative method and simple description method were used. Originality /value – The article cites statements and publications of entrepreneurs and their spokespersons, as well as reports on industrialists’ demands for the government. The text uses both pre-war and post-war economic historians studies as well as archival sources, especially regarding the industrial spheres of Upper Silesia.
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Popieliński, Paweł. "Wprowadzanie podwójnego nazewnictwa na tablicach miejscowości i urzędów oraz języka pomocniczego w gminach na Górnym Śląsku a ich społeczne postrzeganie." Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, no. 24/1 (April 29, 2016): 120–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2016.24.08.
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The law on National and Ethnic Minorities and Regional Language of 2005 regulates not only matters related to the preservation and development of the cultural identity of national and ethnic minorities in Poland, but also the problem of bilingualism, auxiliary language and bilingual names. It allows minorities living in Poland to express and emphasize their presence, among other things, by placing names in the minority language on signs next to the official names of places and physiographic objects. Polish society was most concerned about the introduction of dual place names and the use of minority languages as auxiliary languages in offices in some municipalities in Poland, especially in Upper Silesia. Issues of cultural cultivation and the use of education aroused far fewer objections and did not cause doubts.This article shows not only the origins and the role of the introduction of bilingual village and office signs and the German language as the auxiliary language in offices in Upper Silesian municipalities (in the provinces of Opole and Silesia), but also the perception of this phenomenon by both the German minority and the majority society. This paper also presents the legal and sociological aspects of the discussed issues.
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Baraka, Amiri. "Still a Revolutionary …" New Theatre Quarterly 26, no. 4 (November 2010): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x10000643.
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The conversation below is a follow-up to Christopher Bigsby's interview with Amiri Baraka, published in Theatre Quarterly three decades ago, in 1978. It was recorded in the artist's backstage room in Katowice, Poland, immediately after a moving performance of the Amiri Baraka Speech Quartet in the Hipnoza Jazz Club in Katowice, during the ‘Ars Cameralis Silesiae Superioris’ Festival in 2009. The interlocutors were accompanied by a leading jazz pianist, Dave Burrell, and an excellent double bass player, William Parker. The interview, originally carried out for the Er(r)go: Journal of Theory, Culture and Literary Studies, was possible thanks to the help and encouragement of one of the most inspiring Polish contemporary poets, Bartek Majzel, an unswerving propagator of culture in Silesia and throughout Poland. Paweł Jędrzejko is an Assistant Professor at the University of Silesia in Katowice. He is the author of Liquidity and Existence: the Experience of the Land and the Sea in Herman Melville's Thought (Sosnowiec-Katowice-Zabrze: BananaArt.Pl/ExMachina/MStudio, 2008). He is also a co-founder and co-editor of the Review of International American Studies and regularly works with Er(r)go Quarterly.
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Bragin, Aisen S. "University museums of the Silesian Voivodeship (Republic of Poland)." Issues of Museology 12, no. 1 (2021): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2021.107.
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The article considers the scientific basis for the study of the activities of university museums by Polish scientists. The main support for Polish university museums is said to be provided by the Association of University Museums (AUM). The author analyzes its research and popularization activities. The main purpose of the work is to study the history of the formation and development of six university museums of the Silesian Voivodeship in the Republic of Poland: “Museum of Geology of Deposits named after Czeslaw Poborsky at the Faculty of Mining and Geology of the Silesian University of Technology”, “Museum of the Faculty of Geosciences of the University of Silesia”, “Museum of Silesian Organs”, “Center for History and Traditions of the University of Economics in Katowice”, “Museum of Technology of the Silesian University of Technology” and the “Museum of Medicine and Pharmacy in Sosnowiec”. The author also examines their collections and exhibitions. Theoretical research in the field of studying university museums is considered in detail. For the analysis, scientific articles, books, brochures, mass media materials and information on museum websites are used in order to provide a complete picture of the historical and current state of university museums in the region. In the process of writing the article, the author contacted several guardians and university museum staff to clarify the dates and information provided in various sources. The work partially uses their responses received by e-mail, with the indication of information about the source.
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Sperka, Jerzy. "Książęta śląscy w relacjach Polski z Czechami w początkowym okresie rewolucji husyckiej." Studia z Dziejów Średniowiecza, no. 25 (September 16, 2022): 281–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/sds.2022.25.12.
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From the start of his reign, Władysław Jagiełło he strove to normalize relations with the Silesian dukes, vassals of the Czech Crown, and neighbors of the Kingdom of Poland. These plans were initially disrupted by the war with Władysław Opolczyk and his nephews (1391–1396), but after it ended, relations were correct for the next two decades. Jagiełło’s wise policy towards the Silesian dukes also included his matrimonial policy, arranging marriages with representatives of the Giedyminowicz family. In the mid‑1420s, all the bordering Upper Silesian principalities were ruled by relatives of the Polish king. Despite this, the dukes of Upper Silesia remained faithful to their Czech rulers. When the Hussite Revolution broke out in Bohemia in 1419, the Silesian dukes supported Sigismund of Luxemburg, the successor of Wenceslas IV. At the same time, however, they tried to maintain proper relations with the Polish King Władysław Jagiełło, permitting – like the princes of Racibórz, Cieszyn, and Oświęcim – the Hussite legations to pass through their territories on the way to Poland and Lithuania with the offer of the crown of St. Wenceslas. The situation changed when, in September 1421 in Racibórz, Jan II Żelazny (who was married to Jagiełło’s niece Helena) imprisoned the Hussite legation sent by the Czech parliament. Despite pleas and threats from the Polish and Lithuanian sides demanding their release, the Duke of Racibórz, under great pressure, handed over the envoys to King Zygmunt. Consequently, the Silesian dukes, fearing for their principalities (at the hands of the Hussites and Poland), became closely associated with Sigismund of Luxemburg and became his allies in the conflict with Jagiełło and Witold. The culmination of these activities was that the Silesian dukes, at the beginning of 1423, joined a pact against Poland, the aim of which was its partition. However, when Sigismund of Luxemburg abruptly changed his policy and, in March 1423 in Kieżmark, concluded a treaty of friendship with King Jagiełło, the Silesian dukes realized that they had made a mistake by trusting their ruler excessively and adopting anti‑Polish rhetoric. So they took rapid steps to restore the former correct relations, apologizing to King Jagiełło and the Kingdom of Poland for their actions, a move that proved successful.
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Gryz, Ryszard. "Episkopat wobec integralności ziem polskich po II wojnie światowej. Wybrane problemy z najnowszej literatury i źródeł." UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 16, no. 3 (2020): 100–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/johass.2020.3.6.
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The article presents selected issues concerning Polish Primates cardinal August Hlond and cardinal Stefan Wyszyński and other bishops’ engagement in the case of emergence and stabilisation of the Polish church administration on the Western and Northern Lands after World War II. It covers the most important stages in the chronology of events related to this topic (1945 – 1951 – 1956 – 1972). The most significant decisions were made in August 1945, when five apostolic administrations were created for the dioceses of Warmia and Gdańsk, Gorzów, Opole Silesia and Lower Silesia. In June 1972, after the Bundestag’s ratification of the border agreement between the Polish People's Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany, the temporary nature of the Polish ecclesiastical structures on the so-called Recovered Territories came to an end. In his bull “Episcoporum Poloniae coetus”, Pope Paul VI liquidated apostolic administrations and created four new dioceses (Gorzów, Koszalin-Kołobrzeg, Szczecin-Kamieńsk and Opole). In the twenty-seven-year long process of stabilisation of the Polish ecclesiastical structures, the position of successive Popes and the Holy See was decisive. They were taking into account the views of the German and Polish episcopates and the state of Polish-German relations in the matter of the boundary line approval. The most active among the Polish hierarchy was Bishop Bolesław Kominek (apostolic administrator in Opole, archbishop of Wrocław, and cardinal). The basis of the article’s synthetic narrative is the selection of the latest Polish publications on state-church relations in Poland after the Second World War, and source editions. The personal notes of Primate Wyszyński – “Pro memoria”, pastoral letters of the Polish Episcopate, announcements of the Episcopal Conference of Poland, and official statements of bishops, among others, were used.
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Hold, Marta. "Shaping the multicultural society of Lower Silesia after the Second World War exemplified by the case of Dobroszyce." Journal of Education Culture and Society 1, no. 1 (January 18, 2020): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20101.95.109.
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World War II and its political consequences resulted in a demographic shift in Lower Silesia. It took place to an extent never before seen in any part of Europe. Due to international decisions concerning the changes of its borders, Lower Silesia was once again integrated with Poland. At the same time the German inhabitants living in the region were obliged to leave. Polish people replaced them coming from other parts of Poland as well as from former Polish territories which had been incorporated by the Soviet Union. The immigrants were influenced by the cultures of the places of their origin. They differed in almost every field of everyday life, so in their new towns they met people with various integrating capabilities, contrasting points of view, political preferences and attitudes.That phenomenon was understood as a coexistence of the representatives of at least two different cultures whose members perceive the differences between them. Prevalence of so many distinct cultures in one area and the influences they had on each other led to the creation of specific cultural and social relations among the groups and their members. The situation obliged the settlers to overcome their particular attitudes and competences to live and communicate with new neighbours. Significant historical processes had influenced in a noticeable way the lives of people from every single town and village in Lower Silesia. One example of the place chosen by the immigrants to Lower Silesia is Dobroszyce. The incoming people created from the very beginning a society which was supposed to live in multicultural reality.
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Śnioszek, Andrzej. "Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej Ewaluacje literatury – krytyka, teoria, historia." Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne 14, no. 2 (December 28, 2019): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/ssp.2019.14.20.
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A Report from the Academic Conference Evaluating Literature – Criticism, Theory, and History (Doctoral Candidates Research Circle at the Faculty of Philology and the Ireneusz Opacki Institute of the Study of Polish Literature, Faculty of Philology, University of Silesia, Katowice, 8th–9th April 2019)
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Wysocka-Narewska, Marzena. "Poetry as a de-fossilizing force in teaching Polish grammar to the advanced users of Polish as a foreign language." Beyond Philology An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching, no. 17(1) (February 18, 2020): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/bp.2020.1.03.
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The aim of the paper is to suggest ways of using poetry as a defossilizing force motivating students to reflect on grammar and its most problematic issues. Having presented learners’ fossilized language competence in terms of grammar, involving examples of inaccuracies and/or understatements manifested by the advanced learners of Polish as a foreign language (146 students of the Polish Language Course attending the School of Polish Language and Culture at the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland), suggestions for teachers of Polish as a foreign language and students themselves are offered. These include a few examples of activities based on poems believed to be perfect de-fossilizing teaching materials.
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Drzewiecka, Ewelina. "The Readership of Zodiacus vitae in Early Modern Poland, Pomerania and Silesia." Terminus 24, no. 2 (63) (July 27, 2022): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843844te.22.007.15665.
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Zodiacus vitae, an influential philosophical poem by Marcello Palingenio Stellato, enjoyed popularity in Early Modern Europe, as evidenced by over sixty foreign editions, several translations and a 16th-century Polish-language paraphrase. Despite the latter being a testimony to Palingenius’work being read by the most prominent Renaissance humanists in Poland, the poem’s readership in Old Polish literature has remained largely unknown. The goal of this article is, therefore, to outline a new map of its readership in Early Modern Poland, Pomerania and Silesia, citing its presence in book inventories, public libraries, book collections and monastery libraries. Zodiacus circulated for instance in the 16th and 17th centuries among booksellers and bookstore owners in the most important printing centre in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth − Lviv (Piotr of Poznań, Baltazar Hybner) and Cracow (Helena Unglerowa, Franciszek Jakub Mercenich). It was no less popular in the private book collections of the townspeople, physicians, noblemen and aristocracy. Among the owners of the poem can be found for example: famous scholar and professor Jan Brożek, historian at the court of King Stephen Bathory –Giovanni Michele Bruto, poet Jan Gawiński, reformer of education and the mayor of Toruń−Henryk Stroband. Some light on the problem of the Zodiacus’popularity is also shed by an analysis of copious amounts of marginal notes in over seventy extant copies of Palingenius’work preserved in Polish libraries.
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Biniaś-Szkopek, Magdalena. "Dla kogo Śląsk? Konflikty Piastów w drugiej połowie XII wieku." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 14, no. 4 (2) (December 15, 2016): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1309.
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The events of the second half of the twelfth century was a watershed in the relationship between Poland and Silesia. In general, this period of Polish history is considered to be the beginning of the fragmentation of the Piast patrimony into politically separate principalities. Disagreements between individual Piast dynasts led to a series of civil wars which were sett-led by a further division of the Piast realm as apanages to younger members of the dynasty. Opportunistic Imperial interventions in the turbulent internal politics of the Piast monarchy further complicated matters, specifically the thorny issue of overlordship of Silesia became the key aspect of the relationship between Poland and the Empire. For these reasons the later part of the twelfth century is considered the era in which the origins of the separation of Silesia from the Piast monarchy was first placed.
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Cubrzyńska-Leonarczyk, Maria. "«Najszlachetniejszy ze wszystkich znaków własnościowych». Na marginesie lektury książki Arkadiusza Wagnera: Superekslibris polski. Studium o kulturze bibliofilskiej i sztuce od średniowiecza do połowy XVII wieku." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 11 (December 29, 2017): 453–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2017.48.
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The article results from a critical lecture of the book, written by the art historian and bibliologist Arkadiusz Wagner from Toruń 2016. This is the first in Polish academic literature complete monography of supralibros within the Polish Crown and the Great Duchy of Lithuania, since medieval ages up to the mid of 17th century. Wagner describes Pollish history of «the noblest of all bookplates» within a context of bibliophile culture and art in Poland and Europe. Author of the review refers critically to the structure and geographical scope of the text (omission of the Pomerania and Silesia), to the definition of „supralibros” or other terms used by A. Wagner. However, she concluded that her remarks do not detract value of the book, which seems to stay valid in next decades and become a fundament of further researches.
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Andrzej Dębski, Andrzej Dębski. "Kina na Dolnym Śląsku: rekonesans historyczny." Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication 26, no. 35 (December 15, 2019): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/i.2019.35.07.
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The highest level of cinema attendance in Lower Silesia after World War II was recorded in 1957. It was higher than before the war and lower than during the war. In the years that followed it steadily declined, influenced by global processes, especially the popularity of television. This leads us to reflect on the continuity of historical and film processes, and to look at the period from the 1920s to the 1960s as the ‘classical’ period in the history of cinema, when it was the main branch of mass entertainment. The examples of three Lower Silesian cities of different size classes (Wroclaw, Jelenia Gora, Strzelin) show how before World War II the development from ‘the store cinema [or the kintopp] to the cinema palace’ proceeded. Attention is also drawn to the issue of the destruction of cinematic infrastructure and its post-war reconstruction. In 1958 the press commented that ‘if someone produced a map with the towns marked in which cinemas were located, the number would increase as one moved westwards’. This was due to Polish (post-war) and German (pre-war) cinema building. The discussion closes with a description of the Internet Historical Database of Cinemas in Lower Silesia, which collects data on cinemas that once operated or are now operating in the region.
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Cordell, Karl. "Politics and Society in Upper Silesia Today: The German Minority Since 1945." Nationalities Papers 24, no. 2 (June 1996): 269–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999608408441.
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In 1919, Polish nationalist forces led by Josef Pilsudski succeeded in re-establishing an independent Polish state. Poland had disappeared from the map of Europe in 1794 following the third partition. It had been devoured by its traditional enemies; Prussia, Austria and Russia. Historically, Poland had been a state without fixed borders, and via a combination of changing dynastic alliances and a pattern of eastward migration, from the twelfth century formerly Slav areas east of the rivers Oder and Neisse became progressively germanicized. By 1921, following the end of World War I, several peace conferences, and after a series of referenda in disputed (former) German areas and a series of wars with all of its neighbors, including an especially successfully prosecuted war against the embryonic Soviet Union, the new state had managed to become a state which incorporated virtually all ethnic Poles. However, in addition to incorporating the overwhelming majority of ethnic Poles, the borders of the new Polish state also included huge numbers of other ethnic, religious and national groups.
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Pliszko, Artur. "A new record of Linaria genistifolia (Plantaginaceae) in Poland." Acta Musei Silesiae, Scientiae Naturales 66, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cszma-2017-0016.
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Abstract In this paper, a new Polish record of Linaria genistifolia is presented. It was found on 27 August 2017 in Zabrze, Silesia Province, growing at the foot of the reclaimed slag heap. The updated map of its distribution in Poland is provided using the ATPOL cartogram method.