Academic literature on the topic 'Polish language, dictionaries, english'

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Journal articles on the topic "Polish language, dictionaries, english"

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Lew, Robert, and Agnieszka Szarowska. "Evaluating online bilingual dictionaries: The case of popular free English-Polish dictionaries." ReCALL 29, no. 2 (February 6, 2017): 138–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344016000252.

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Language learners today exhibit a strong preference for free online resources. One problem with such resources is that their quality can vary dramatically. Building on related work on monolingual resources for English, we propose an evaluation framework for online bilingual dictionaries, designed to assess lexicographic quality in four major areas: coverage of lexical items, their treatment in the entries, access to lexical information, and presentation of lexicographic data. The proposed framework is applied to a set of six popular bilingual English-Polish dictionaries freely available online, established through an online survey of Polish learners of English.
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Tabakowska, Elżbieta. "Surely There Must Exist a Polish Equivalent." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 2, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.2.2.05tab.

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Abstract The paper is a contribution to the ongoing discussion on the requirements that dictionaries should meet in order to satisfy the needs of language learners and translators. The shortcomings of some standard dictionaries are discussed in reference to one particular item: the modal qualifier surely and its Polish equivalents. The latter were compared with actual choices made by a group of advanced Polish learners of English, asked to translate five explanatory sentences taken from English—English dictionaries. Discrepancies between dictionary equivalents and translation replacements clearly suggest that apart from "prototypical" examples of usage, dictionary entries should also contain potential discourse functions of sample sentences.
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Rzepkowska, Agnieszka. "Polish-English LSP Dictionaries in Translation Work: Labour-Law Terminology from the Polish Labour Code in Terminographic and Translation Practice." Language, Culture, Politics. International Journal 1 (December 9, 2021): 15–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54515/lcp.2021.1.15-46.

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The purpose of the article is to show the applicability of selected Polish-English LSP dictionaries in legal translation work. The paper analyses how well labour-law terminology, found in the Polish Labour Code, is covered in Polish-English LSP dictionaries and compares them to equivalents selected by Agnieszka Jamroży, the author of an English translation of the Polish Labour Code. Based on a collation of the English equivalents present in the reviewed resources, the author presents some conclusions as to what the studied dictionaries lack and what terminographers should focus on when compiling a labour-law dictionary that would be more useful to translators and other users. Essentially, the article presents the Polish labour-law language system and labour-law corpus, legal terms and labour law in the context of LSP dictionaries. The methodology is then outlined, followed by the findings from the review of the selected dictionaries and an example translation of the Polish Labour Code. Certain labour-law terms particularly stood out, and these have been reviewed in detail in the paper: they are documentacja pracownicza, wymiar czasu pracy, norma czasu pracy and dobowy wymiar czasu pracy. The publication ends with conclusions and findings on the applicability of Polish-English LSP dictionaries in legal translation work and implications for creating a labour-law dictionary for translation purposes based on the research.
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Kwaśniewska, Marta. "Changing Definitions of Climate in Polish and English Dictionaries." Respectus Philologicus, no. 37(42) (April 20, 2020): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2020.37.42.47.

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The present article sets out to examine the dictionary definition entries concerning the concept of climate. Both Polish and English dictionaries are included, as well as historical and contemporary entries. The data is composed of thirteen dictionary entries, published in the last two hundred years. The material is examined qualitatively. The results are presented in the form of a table, where one may find all the aspects of meanings identified in the definitions. A supplement data extracted from the English historical corpus is also provided. The results have revealed that semantic change did occur in both the Polish and the English language. However, the change is more visible in the Polish dictionaries. The subsidiary differences could influence the way the word is employed in certain contexts and thus, differentiate the employment of the same concept in the two languages. Nevertheless, the contemporary definitions are almost identical in both languages, in contrast to the historical ones.
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Duska, Joanna, and Elżbieta Mańczak-Wohlfeld. "Parę uwag dotyczących leksemu subsumpcja i wyrazów pokrewnych." Język Polski 101, no. 1 (May 2021): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31286/jp.101.1.9.

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The aim of this article is to present different views on the forms of the lexeme subsumpcja (‘subsumption’) and some cognate words found in Latin lexicons, the most influential dictionaries of the Polish language, Polish etymological lexicons and dictionaries of foreign words as well as The Oxford English dictionary. It is concluded that the correct form of the word is subsumpcja and it is of Latin origin.
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Bryła-Cruz, Agnieszka. "More Harm than Good: Why Dictionaries Using Orthographic Transcription Instead of the IPA Should Be Handled with Care." Research in Language 20, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.20.2.02.

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The aim of the present paper is to shed more light on using L1 (Polish) orthographic spelling to represent the pronunciation of English words in English-Polish dictionaries (e.g. journey /dżerni/, ship /szyp/) and discuss multiple drawbacks of this practice. While there are numerous advantages of using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in foreign language teaching, some Polish lexicographers insist on, what they call, a “simplified” phonetic transcription. In my paper I conduct an overview of three English-Polish dictionaries which use orthographic transcription instead of the IPA and exemplify inevitable confusion and serious problems they present the learner with. The analysis reveals that orthographic transcription intensifies interference between L1 and L2 and contributes to the fossilization of the most persistent mispronunciations stemming from phonetic transfer. Inconsistent and inaccurate transcription prevents learners from spotting patterns and rules (such as e.g. non-rhoticity, vowel reduction, silent letters, etc.). It is argued that relying on ordinary spelling rather than the IPA is a short-sighted alternative which presents more problems than solutions.
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Misijuk, Włodzimierz. "Priest’s wife, matushka, presbytera czy popadija… a może khouria? Problematyka doboru angielskich odpowiedników haseł Słownika polskiej terminologii prawosławnej." Elpis 22 (2020): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/elpis.2020.22.07.

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The article provides an analysis of vast and diverse Orthodox terminology in English in the context of attempts to gather, arrange, systematize and define Orthodox terminology in Polish language. Although majority of contemporary Orthodox theological writings is published in English, the Orthodox religious terminology in the language is not uniform and systematized yet. Accessible dictionaries contain only small part of the vast terminology and phraseology. The article describes sources and rules of selection of English equivalents to Orthodox terms presented in the Dictionary of Polish Orthodox Terminology.
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Zabawa, Marcin. "Menu, festiwal, wyspa, grill – nowe neosemantyzmy w polszczyźnie." Poradnik Językowy, no. 3/2022(792) (March 18, 2022): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.3.6.

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The aim of this paper is to describe a selection of the latest neosemanticisms in the Polish language, both the ones the likely source of which is English and the ones coined without such an intermediation. The study describes the following words: menu (a menu), festiwal (a festival), wyspa (an island), and grill (a grill, a barbecue). The description consists in juxtaposing their hitherto meanings (derived from selected dictionaries of Polish) with new meanings, derived mainly from the Internet, and with defi nitions of the corresponding English words. The paper presents also a brief normative commentary on the described innovations
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Wawer, Aleksander. "Sentiment analysis for Polish." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 55, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 445–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2019-0016.

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Abstract This article is a comprehensive review of freely available tools and software for sentiment analysis of texts written in Polish. It covers solutions which deal with all levels of linguistic analysis: starting from word-level, through phrase-level and up to sentence-level sentiment analysis. Technically, the tools include dictionaries, rule-based systems as well as deep neural networks. The text also describes a solution for finding opinion targets. The article also contains remarks that compare the landscape of available tools in Polish with that for English language. It is useful from the standpoint of multiple disciplines, not only information technology and computer science, but applied linguistics and social sciences.
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Daković, Sybilla. "Zapożyczenia z języka angielskiego w polskich i chorwackich nazwach spodni." Slavica Wratislaviensia 175 (September 6, 2022): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1150.175.5.

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The changes taking place in the fashion industry related to the overproduction of clothing, consumerism and globalisation result in the introduction of new clothing models on the market, and thus the creation of new names for individual styles. English is currently the lingua franca in the fashion world, which means that the number of loanwords from this language in other languages is increasing. The aim of this work is to record, categorise and compare English loanwords used as the names of trousers appearing in Polish and Croatian versions of clothing online stores. The analysis consists of indicating the English name of the model, checking the presence of individual lexemes in the dictionaries of the given language and determining the types of borrowing adaptations. The article ends with comparative conclusions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polish language, dictionaries, english"

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Meso, Tlou Phestus. "Language dynamism in English-Northern Sotho/Northern Sotho-English bilingual dictionaries : a case of translation equivalence." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1511.

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Thesis (M. A. (Translation and Linguistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016
This study reveals that language dynamisms affect the compilation of Northern Sotho – English bilingual dictionaries. In this regard, the study shows that the role of translation equivalence cannot be taken for granted. To fully grasp what translation equivalence entails, the study compared formal equivalence with dynamic equivalence. Although there are merits in adopting foreign terms and concepts, the study investigates the problem lexicographers and terminologists of English–Northern Sotho or Northern Sotho–English bilingual dictionaries encounter and suggests possible solutions. Different strategies and procedures for dealing with non-equivalence between the source and target languages are also discussed. Lastly, the study recommends that language dynamism is inevitable if Northern Sotho is to thrive as one of the functional languages in the world. The consequences of shunning dynamism are dire as this might lead to language death.
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Kobayashi, Chiho. "The use of pocket electronic dictionaries as compared with printed dictionaries by Japanese learners of English." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155615693.

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Chittaladakorn, Khemlada. "Unorthodox Oral Expressions in English Dictionaries, Corpora, Textbooks, and English Language Instructional Materials." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2911.

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The aim of this project is to provide useful data from published dictionaries, corpora, and instructional materials, as well as sample lessons, to promote the teaching of Unorthodox Oral Expressions (UOEs) to learners of English as a second/foreign language. In the first chapter, the author reviews relevant literature, explains what UOEs are, and discusses the importance of incorporating UOEs in EFL or ESL classrooms. In the second chapter, a linguistic categorization of UOEs is given. In the third chapter, the results are given of an examination of 10 different dictionaries. The purpose of this examination was to find which of 56 target UOEs are included in each dictionary and what kind of definitions are given for them. The results show that many common UOEs are not included in most, or any, dictionaries. For the UOEs that are included in most dictionaries, the definitions do not always agree, and factors such as intonation are not taken into account. Moreover, the explanations on how the UOEs can be used are not complete. In the fourth chapter, three English language corpora are examined to discover which of the target 56 UOEs are the most frequently used. The results show some differences in UOE frequency between the corpora that include both spoken and written English text and the spoken English corpora. In the fifth chapter, the teaching of UOEs in ESL textbooks is analyzed. The results show that most of these books do not teach UOEs explicitly. In chapter six, experimental instructional units are provided. Results of piloting these lessons at Brigham Young University's English Language Center are discussed. In the last chapter, the author suggests possible future research involving UOEs.
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Rudd, Rebecca Lynn. "Electronic dictionaries in the ESL composition class." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2893.

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This thesis examines the use of electronic dictionaries by ESL students. In particular, it considers how, when and why students use electronic dictionaries in their writing processes. It also explores the extent to which students use words found in an electronic dictionary appropriately in their texts and whether electronic dictionary use influences their long-term acquisition of vocabulary.
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黃奇芳 and Ki-fong Wong. "A study of Sidney Lau's 'a practical Cantonese-English dictionary'." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30257232.

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Beauchamp, Hanna O. (Hanna Olga). "Languages in Contact: Polish and English." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500811/.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the Polish language of immigrants who came to the United States during or after World War II and to test two related hypotheses: 1. Speakers of Polish use a number of lexical intrusions. 2. Lexical intrusions differ in scope depending on whether those speakers had immigrated with minimal education or they received at least 12 years of schooling prior to their immigration. The study was conducted in the Dallas-Fort Worth area in January and February of 1990. The sample consisted of 16 informants whose interviews were recorded and analyzed in terms of lexical borrowings, cultural branches, and parts of speech. Findings supported the two hypotheses.
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Sulima, Krystyna. "Acquisition of Polish nasal vowel syllables by native English speakers /." View abstract, 2000. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1601.html.

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Thesis (M.S .)--Central Connecticut State University, 2000.
Thesis advisor: Andrea G. Osburne. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in TESOL." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-104).
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Mandalios, Jane. "Pedagogic imperialism in English language teaching : the case of bilingual dictionaries." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438364.

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Burlingham, Bronwyn. "Lexicographic traditions and prefatory discourse of 17 th century dictionaries: Monolingual English, monolingual French, and bilingual French-English works." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26861.

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In this study, we have explored the prefaces of monolingual English, monolingual French, and bilingual French-English dictionaries of the 17 th century. The monolingual works studied constitute the first of this kind to have been published. Over the course of this research, we have demonstrated that despite different lexicographic traditions, dictionary prefaces convey basically the same type of information, and address the same general issues. This study is divided into two main sections. In the first, we have provided historical information on the dictionaries, so as to illustrate the historical context in which they were published. In the second section, we have examined the prefaces themselves, first giving an overview of each text studied, and then providing a thematic analysis of the prefaces within each group as a whole, observing topics that are commonly treated among them, within the broader categories of dictionary content, lexicographic context, and linguistic context. Over the course of the research, we have established that though each text is unique, certain features are shared not only among the prefaces within one same category, but in fact across all three types of dictionary.
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Mothiba, Tebogo Innocent. "The application of reversibility principle in Northern Sotho-english Bilingual dictionaries : a lexicographic analysis." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1140.

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Thesis (M.A. (Translation Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2012
This study focuses on aspects that form part of the reasons of not having complete bidirectional bilingual dictionaries and to find solutions to those problems. The following dictionaries have been evaluated in this study: Oxford Pukuntšu ya Sekolo School Dictionary (2010), Pharos Popular Northern Sotho Dictionary (2007 & 2009) and Sesotho sa Leboa/English Pukuntšu Dictionary (2006). Most African bilingual dictionaries which are supposed to be bidirectional are not because reversibility is not applied thoroughly. This study focuses on checking how Northern Sotho-English bilingual dictionaries apply the reversibility principle. When evaluating bilingual dictionaries it comes to light that there are a lot of errors that lexicographers commit and these errors negatively affect the process of compiling complete user-friendly bidirectional dictionaries. Having user-friendly bidirectional bilingual dictionaries is very important because dictionaries help different language speakers to learn each other’s language.
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Books on the topic "Polish language, dictionaries, english"

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1921-, Pogonowski Iwo Cyprian, ed. Polish-English, English-Polish dictionary. New York: Hippocrene Bks., 1995.

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Pogonowski, Iwo. Practical Polish-English English-Polish dictionary. 3rd ed. New York, N.Y: Hippocrene Books, 1988.

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Pogonowski, Iwo. Practical Polish-English, English-Polish dictionary. 3rd ed. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1988.

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Jan, Stanisławski, ed. Wiedza Powszechna compact Polish and English dictionary: English-Polish, Polish-English. Lincolnwood, Ill: NTC Pub., 1993.

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Company, Berlitz Publishing. Polish concise dictionary: Polish-English, English-Polish. Singapore: Berlitz Pub., 2007.

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Pogonowski, Iwo Cyprian. Polish-English, English-Polish dictionary: With complete phonetics. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1990.

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(Firm), Hippocrene Books, ed. Hippocrene children's illustrated Polish dictionary: English-Polish, Polish-English. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1999.

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(EDT), Langenscheidt. Langenscheidt pocket dictionary Polish: Polish-English, English-Polish. Edited by Langenscheidt. New York: Langenscheidt, 2003.

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Grzebieniowski, Tadeusz. Langenscheidt's pocket Polish dictionary: English-Polish, Polish-English. [Germany]: Langenscheidt, 1992.

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Grzebieniowski, Tadeusz. Langenscheidt's pocket Polish dictionary: English-Polish, Polish-English. [Berlin]: Langenscheidt, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polish language, dictionaries, english"

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Hünig, Wolfgang. "Style labels in monolingual English learner’s dictionaries." In Motivation in Language, 367–89. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.243.23hun.

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Stein, Gabriele. "Sixteenth-Century English-Vernacular Dictionaries." In Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 219. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.40.23ste.

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Hüllen, Werner. "English Onomasiological Dictionaries and Thesauri." In A Companion to the History of the English Language, 103–12. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444302851.ch10.

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Delbridge, Arthur. "Cultural, situational and modal labels in dictionaries of English." In Language Topics, 65. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.lt1.49del.

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Delbridge, Arthur. "Cultural, situational and modal labels in dictionaries of English." In Language Topics, 65. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.lt2.50del.

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Adams, Michael. "English Unbound: Dictionaries, Dialects, and Boundaries." In Handbook of the Changing World Language Map, 1323–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02438-3_138.

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Adams, Michael. "English Unbound: Dictionaries, Dialects, and Boundaries." In Handbook of the Changing World Language Map, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73400-2_138-1.

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Jakubowska, Ewa. "Everyday rituals in Polish and English." In Meaning Through Language Contrast, 331–43. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.100.20jak.

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Zabawa, Marcin. "From English into Polish, from Polish into English: On Errors in Students’ Literary Translations." In Second Language Learning and Teaching, 257–73. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00161-6_19.

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Lancashire, Ian. "Word-entry patterns in Early Modern English dictionaries." In Patterns in Language and Linguistics, edited by Beatrix Busse and Ruth Moehlig-Falke, 69–96. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110596656-004.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polish language, dictionaries, english"

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Almiman, Ali, and Allan Ramsay. "Using English Dictionaries to generate Commonsense Knowledge in Natural Language." In RANLP 2017 - Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing Meet Deep Learning. Incoma Ltd. Shoumen, Bulgaria, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_009.

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Nurkenova, Saule S., and Karylgash U. Kinzhagaliyeva. "Substandard dictionaries in linguaexpert practice of English." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-134.

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The article deals with the overview of the substandard vocabulary of the English language, which provides historical references on the emergence and development of socio-lexicography in foreign linguistics.
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Kopylova, Tatiana, and Liliia Kilina. "POLYPREFIXAL VERBS OF SILENCE IN RUSSIAN AND POLISH." In Aktuální problémy výuky ruského jazyka XIV. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9781-2020-11.

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This article describes Russian and Polish polyprefixation on the material of the group of verbs of silence. The analysis of historical and modern dictionaries combined with the functional-analytic approach to the text enable us to identify the hall marks of this language phenomenon in the Russian and Polish languages, to identify the most productive secondary prefixes and the specifics of their functioning.
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Machonis, Peter A. "Using Electronic Dictionaries and NooJ to Generate Sentences Containing English Phrasal Verbs." In Proceedings of the Linguistic Resources for Automatic Natural Language Generation - LiRA@NLG. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-3805.

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Zannrni, Imadin, Hema Hamza, and Laila Shareef. "Contemporary Arabic and English Idioms: Translating Difficulties and Strategies." In 3rd International Conference on Language and Education. Cihan University-Erbil, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/iclangedu2023/paper.932.

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Translation is prospering in Iraq in general and people have become more interested in translation due to the fact that Translation is a primary way of communication. Also, Translation has been a good business recently. Idioms are culturally specific and contain several cultural characteristics, translating idioms is difficult. The goal of this study is to have better understand the challenges faced by Translation Iraqi undergraduates while translating idioms. The researchers conducted a test to determine the problems and difficulties. 60 senior students from University of Mosul and Cihan University-Erbil in Iraq participated in the test most of them were females. The study concludes that incorrect translation resulted from lack of understanding the culture, the misuse of idioms dictionaries, and the lack of equivalence.
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Aljlayl, Mohammed, and Ophir Frieder. "Effective arabic-english cross-language information retrieval via machine-readable dictionaries and machine translation." In the tenth international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/502585.502635.

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Niyazova, Gulnorakhon. "DEVELOPING LEARNER DICTIONARIES WITH CORPUS LINGUISTICS METHODS." In Modern approaches and new trends in teaching foreign languages. Alisher Navo'i Tashkent state university of Uzbek language and literature, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.conf.teach.foreign.lang.2024.8.5/dmeq9969.

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This article explores the intersection of corpus linguistics and language teaching through the lens of specialized learner dictionaries in the context of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and English for Academic Purposes (EAP) teaching. It highlights the role of corpus lexicography in bridging theory and practice, emphasizing the practical applications of corpus analysis in constructing learner dictionaries tailored to the needs of ESP/EAP students. Drawing on insights from corpus studies and practical research, the article discusses the challenges and opportunities in developing specialized dictionaries that facilitate language learning and teaching. By examining the relationship between theory and tools in lexicography, it advocates for greater collaboration between researchers, educators, and lexicographers to enhance language education through innovative dictionary construction methods.
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Karpinska, Laura, and Dace Liepiņa. "Bilingual Lexicographic Resources in Support of Acquiring Legal Terminology for Translation Purposes." In Language for International Communication. University of Latvia Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/lincs.2023.04.

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The support of bilingual lexicographic resources is crucial in mastering legal terminology both in the target and source language. The present study has focused on Latvian-English and English-Latvian print and online lexicographic resources accessible for all parties interested in acquiring legal terminology in both languages, in particular in the light of the new school reform School 2030 where translation is mentioned among other competences that should be developed already at school. Even though several bilingual legal terminological dictionaries have been published it must be recognised that currently there is no comprehensive Latvian-English-Latvian dictionary of legal terms. At present the success or failure in mastering legal terminology largely depends on the background knowledge of the user. Trends prevailing in the study process as well as in translation practice confirm a marked movement towards the use of lexicographic resources in the digital format. It should be noted that this format also offers considerable advantages in designing dictionaries in respect of their content, volume, structure and user-friendliness. Digital format would allow developing a comprehensive bilingual dictionary of legal terms involving collaboration among legal professionals, terminologists and lexicographers. The microstructure of this dictionary should include labels, definitions, illustrative examples, etc. giving additional information and contexts where legal terms are used, thus providing important information for diverse groups of users – learners, legal professionals, translators and interpreters.
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Grażul-Luft, Agnieszka. "The meaning of democracy vs. ideology." In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0024/000439.

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The subject of research refers to changes in the meaning of the lexeme democracy over the past 20 years, noticeable in texts from the Polish press of specific ideological profile. The authors of press texts often expand the meaning, saturating it with emotions and evaluating. On the basis of examples of using a word in texts, there have been definitional sentences created testifying to the extensions of meanings comparing to those found in the Polish language presented in dictionaries. The analysis demonstrates that the understanding of the word democracy depends on the political context and is subject to modifications resulting from ideological entanglements.
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Visan, Ruxandra. "DICTIONARY CONSULTATION HABITS OF ROMANIAN LEARNERS OF ENGLISH AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-236.

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The present paper focuses on the field of dictionary use, and examines frequency of dictionary consultation as well as dictionary preference among Romanian learners of English. Representative research on dictionary use includes Tomaszczyk (1979) and Wingate (2002) (see also Lew 2004 for an overview of the literature on dictionary consultation habits). While there has been significant research concerning dictionary use, the dictionary consultation habits of L1 Romanian speakers have been understudied (with few exceptions, see Vi?an 2018). Taking its cue from existing studies such as Atikins and Varantola (1998) which have found a correlation between dictionary use and proficiency level, the present paper focuses on a group of 214 Romanian students of EFL who major in English at the University of Bucharest, with two levels of English proficiency, namely B1 (95 students) and C1 (109 students). The paper shows that, as previous metalexicographers have underlined in studies focusing on foreign language learners, there appears to be a tendency among higher-proficiency learners to employ monolingual dictionaries more than bilingual dictionaries. This tendency occurs on the backdrop of a preference of the selected group of Romanian students, regardless of their level of proficiency, for monolingual dictionaries of English. The paper goes on to offer a detailed discussion of the context in which Romanian learners of English consult dictionaries at university level, attempting to identify the major factors which influence their lexicographical choices. The paper argues that the limited range of choice regarding bilingual dictionaries for Romanian learners of English (especially Romanian-English ones) can be seen as influencing the preference of Romanian students for monolingual dictionaries.
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Reports on the topic "Polish language, dictionaries, english"

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Chen, Aitao, Hailing Jiang, and Fredric Gey. English-Chinese Cross-Language IR Using Bilingual Dictionaries. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada456270.

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Pikilnyak, Andrey V., Nadia M. Stetsenko, Volodymyr P. Stetsenko, Tetiana V. Bondarenko, and Halyna V. Tkachuk. Comparative analysis of online dictionaries in the context of the digital transformation of education. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4431.

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The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of popular online dictionaries and an overview of the main tools of these resources to study a language. The use of dictionaries in learning a foreign language is an important step to understanding the language. The effectiveness of this process increases with the use of online dictionaries, which have a lot of tools for improving the educational process. Based on the Alexa Internet resource it was found the most popular online dictionaries: Cambridge Dictionary, Wordreference, Merriam–Webster, Wiktionary, TheFreeDictionary, Dictionary.com, Glosbe, Collins Dictionary, Longman Dictionary, Oxford Dictionary. As a result of the deep analysis of these online dictionaries, we found out they have the next standard functions like the word explanations, transcription, audio pronounce, semantic connections, and examples of use. In propose dictionaries, we also found out the additional tools of learning foreign languages (mostly English) that can be effective. In general, we described sixteen functions of the online platforms for learning that can be useful in learning a foreign language. We have compiled a comparison table based on the next functions: machine translation, multilingualism, a video of pronunciation, an image of a word, discussion, collaborative edit, the rank of words, hints, learning tools, thesaurus, paid services, sharing content, hyperlinks in a definition, registration, lists of words, mobile version, etc. Based on the additional tools of online dictionaries we created a diagram that shows the functionality of analyzed platforms.
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Buitrago-García, Hilda Clarena. Teaching Dictionary Skills through Online Bilingual Dictionaries. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gcnc.23.

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This module, aimed at helping both English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers and their students, is the result of a qualitative, applied, transversal and constructivist research conducted with Open Lingua teachers. One of the objectives of said research was to establish the factors that favored and hindered the curriculum integration of open access bilingual dictionaries in that specific EFL context in order to design and implement some pedagogical and didactic initiatives that would foster the effective use of those lexical tools. The present module was a fundamental element within the series of proposals that arose along the research. Its main objective was to provide the teachers with the necessary conceptual knowledge and didactic strategies and resources to teach their students how to use that kind of online dictionary with higher degrees of ease, enjoyment, and efficiency, and, thus, to reduce the frequency of look up errors. This module offers a variety of digital resources, handouts, and hands-on and assessment activities that can greatly facilitate their job when teaching dictionary skills to their students.
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Filip, Grażyna. SEMANTIC OF QUIET AND SILENCE BASED ON POLISH HUMAN SCIENCE. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11103.

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The article is an introduction to an individual research subject called The Communicational Potential of Silence, planned – and partially already realised since 2020 – as a cycle of publications based on diversified example material. In print are already two texts: G. Filip, The Communicational Potential of Silence. Film Reviews (University of Rzeszów Publishing House) and G. Filip, The Communicational Potential of Silence. Automotive Brand Press Maria Curie-Skłodowska University of Lublin Publishing House). The presented here English-language article serves for popularization Poland-wide and local (University of Rzeszów) research in the field communications.
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Гарлицька, Т. С. Substandard Vocabulary in the System of Urban Communication. Криворізький державний педагогічний університет, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3912.

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The article is devoted to substandard elements which are considered as one of the components in the system of urban forms of communication. The Object of our research is substandard vocabulary, the Subject is structural characteristics of the modern city language, the Purpose of the study is to define the main types of substandard vocabulary and their role in the system of urban communication. The theoretical base of our research includes the scientific works of native and foreign linguists, which are devoted to urban linguistics (B. Larin, M. Makovskyi, V. Labov, T. Yerofeieva, L. Pederson, R. McDavid, O. Horbach, L. Stavytska, Y. Stepanov, S. Martos). Different lexical and phraseological units, taken from the Ukrainian, Russian and American Dictionaries of slang and jargon, serve as the material of our research. The main components of the city language include literary language, territorial dialects, different intermediate transitional types, which are used in the colloquial everyday communication but do not have territorial limited character, and social dialects. The structural characteristics, proposed in the article, demonstrate the variety and correlation of different subsystems of the city language. Today peripheral elements play the main role in the city communication. They are also called substandard, non-codified, marginal, non-literary elements or the jargon styles of communication. Among substandard elements of the city language the most important are social dialects, which include such subsystems as argot, jargon and slang. The origin, functioning and characteristics of each subsystem are studied on the material of linguistic literature of different countries. It is also ascertained that argot is the oldest form of sociolects, jargon divides into corporative and professional ones, in the structure of slangy words there are common and special slang. Besides, we can speak about sociolectosentrism of the native linguistics and linguemosentrism of the English tradition of slang nomination. Except social dialects, the important structural elements of the city language are also intermediate transitional types, which include koine, colloquialisms, interdialect, surzhyk, pidgin and creole. Surzhyk can be attributed to the same type of language formations as pidgin and creole because these types of oral speech were created mostly by means of the units mixing of the obtruded language of the parent state with the elements of the native languages.
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