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Journal articles on the topic 'Polish Dumy'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 27 July 2024

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Ivanov, Andrei. "Sprawy honorowe z udziałem polskich deputowanych do Dumy Państwowej Imperium Rosyjskiego w 1906 i 1913 roku (na materiale prasy rosyjskiej)." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 12, no. 1 (September 24, 2021): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.6461.

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The article is concerned with the dueling incidents with participation of Polish deputies of Imperial Duma which took place in 1906 and 1913. The author reconstructs the causes, further things happening and results of these clashes as well as evidences their coverage from Russian news media and perception by Russian public. Special attention is put to the conflict of deputies belonging to the Polish group in Imperial Duma with the future Prime Minister of the Provisional Government A.F. Kerensky. The author proves that although on a moral level the injured party was Polish deputies, their chosen modus operandi was unsuccessful, and in the minds of the liberal democratic part of the Russian society Kerensky came out victor.

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Szlanta, Piotr. "Wybory do Dumy Państwowej i Rady Państwa w Królestwie Polskim i na Ziemiach Zabranych w latach 1906–1912 w świetle korespondencji konsulów austro-węgierskich w Warszawie." Przegląd Sejmowy 1(174) (2023): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/ps.2023.167.

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The Austro-Hungarian diplomatic services followed the course of the election campaigns for the State Duma in the Kingdom of Poland closely. This is entirely understandable. The Sejm was a novelty in the political life of the Habsburg Monarchy’s northern neighbour. Its functioning could have had far-reaching and difficult to predict consequences for the politics of the Romanov Empire. Reports by Austro-Hungarian diplomats accurately reflected the mood of Polish public opinion and the position of individual groups. They drew attention to the deterioration of ethnic relations in the Kingdom of Poland, both between Poles and Jews and between Poles and Russians. They accurately portrayed the dilemmas of Polish society, its powerlessness and frustration, including disappointment with the State Duma. The parliamentarisation of the political system in Russia and the departure from the self-rule did not improve the position of the Polish people in the tsarist state. The results of the elections to the State Duma confirmed the dominance of national democracy in the political life of the Kingdom of Poland. The Austro-Hungarian diplomats regarded this grouping as the true representation of public sentiment and the dominant force on the Polish political scene. They were not entirely impartial in their reports. Their correspondence shows that they were sympathetic to Polish conservative circles and clearly disliked socialist groups.

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3

Jawor, Anna. "Duma i uprzedzenie. Znaczenie wyboru osoby transseksualnej na „przedstawiciela Narodu”." Sprawy Narodowościowe, no. 45 (December 31, 2014): 66–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sn.2014.024.

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Pride and prejudice. The significance of election of a transsexual person as a “representative of Nation”Ms. Anna Grodzka’s election to the Polish Parliament in 2011 was a crucial event because for the first time in Europe a transsexual person became a Member of Parliament, and thus was to represent all Poles at the national level. This event resulted in mixed reactions and comments: from euphoria to trauma, from great pride to deep prejudice. It is instrumental in self identification of Poles, nevertheless two different Polish “nations” make use of it, presenting two different languages and two absolutely separate pictures of Polish identity. The first approach is associated with such notions as freedom, equity, minority rights, multiculturalism. The other is connected with such phrases as original values, genuine Poles, God, and the regular family. Therefore contemporary war of cultures, that is a general conflict over values and collective identity, came to focus on the fact that Anna Grodzka became an MP. The author of the article, relying on Allan McKee’s interpretative analysis of cultural texts, in this case press articles, aims at an analysis of the role of Ms. Grodzka’s election for identity shaping processes among Poles. Duma i uprzedzenie. Znaczenie wyboru osoby transseksualnej na „przedstawiciela Narodu”Wybór Anny Grodzkiej na posłankę był przełomowym wydarzeniem, ponieważ po raz pierwszy w Europie osoba transseksualna została przedstawicielką wszystkich rodaków. Wydarzenie to wywołało jednak różne reakcje: od euforii do traumy, od wielkiej dumy do głębokich uprzedzeń. Służy ono bowiem samookreślaniu się Polaków, ale w taki sposób, że korzystają z niego w procesie samoidentyfikacji co najmniej dwa polskie „narody”, posługujące się językami uosabiającymi dwie zupełnie inne wizje polskości. Naród tych, którzy boją się o Polskę, utożsamianą z wiarą katolicką, tradycyjną rodziną i podziałem ról płciowych, dla których norma jest jedna, a wartości prawdziwe albo nieprawdziwe. I naród tych, którzy Polskę swą widzą barwną, różnorodną, wielokulturową, otwartą i zmienną. Fakt wyboru Anny Grodzkiej do Sejmu stał się więc jedną z soczewek, w której ogniskuje się współczesna wojna kultur, która jest w istocie symboliczną walką o to, kim jesteśmy jako Polacy i w jakim społeczeństwie chcemy żyć. Stosując, proponowaną przez Allana McKee, interpretatywną analizę tekstów kulturowych, w tym przypadku artykułów prasowych, staram się przybliżyć znaczenie tego wydarzenia dla procesów tożsamościowych Polaków.

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4

Kozdrach, Mariusz. "Czy pochodzenie od Jana Kochanowskiego było powodem do dumy? Genealogia eksponowana w drukach okolicznościowych poświęconych potomkom Poety (XVII-XVIII w.) Cz. 1. Potomkowie Zuzanny z Owadowskich Wołuckiej." Terminus 25, no. 2 (67) (2023): 169–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843844te.23.010.18198.

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Was being a Jan Kochanowski’s descentant a reason to be proud? Genealogy present in works devoted to the poets’ descentants (17th-18th centuries) Part. 1. Zuzanna Wołucka’s (nee Owadowska)’s descendants: This study explores the genealogical awareness of the Polish nobility and the role of outstanding individuals in creating collective memory. More specifically, it offers an analysis of genealogical references included in encomia devoted to Jan Kochanowski’s enatic descendants, in the context of their famous ancestor’s literary output and his fame. Coming from the line of Zuzanna Wołucka, nee Owadowska, Jan Kochanowski’s granddaughter, the descendants inherited parts of the poet’s real estate and buried their relatives next to his Zwolen mausoleum till the end of the 18th century. The article is based on commemorative prints devoted to the poet’s descendants: Falces avitae ad lauream vernantis gloriae messem by Wojciech Zatoński (1696) written in honour of the Sieradz castellan’s wife Zofia Lipska nee Olszowska, Chwalebny zawód do kresu szczęśliwego by Krzysztof Wierzbicki (1699) in honour of the Sieradz chamberlain’s daughter Konstancja Zapolska, Niebo herbownego Księżyca by Samuel Wysocki (1732) lauding the Gostyn staroste’s daughter Zofia Lipska nee Granowska, as well as the anonymous Panegyricus probatissimo magistro belli in sago (1757) devoted to the Rawa palatine Kazimierz Granowski. None of these pieces includes any references to Jan Kochanowski, which can be explained by the social status of these newly promoted to state offices families with middle- to petty-nobility roots. The need to legitimize their position as the noble well-to-do class holding state posts required to show connections with sufficiently important ancestors who also held state offices, rather than by giving prominence to the genealogy and the past generations.

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Pawłowska, Monika. "Główne priorytety polityki zagranicznej prezydenta Andrzeja Dudy." Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie 36, no. 4 (2022): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ksm20220401.

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In the present state of the political system, the powers of the Polish president to conduct an independent foreign policy are quite limited. But, in the case of the Andrzej Duda presidency, there are certain areas in which his activities between 2015–2021 were dominant, however. It mainly concerned the Three Seas Initiative, the aim of which is to integrate the economy and infrastructure of Central European countries. The Polish president was and still is the main architect of this project. Moreover, he plays an important role in shaping Poland’s relations with Ukraine, and above all with the United States. It should be noted that in the latter cases, they were closely related to another scope partly within the remit of the Polish president – security policy.

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6

Szwejkowska-Belica, Aleksandra. "The influence of the style of Karol Szymanowski on the creative work of Polish 20th century composers based on the Polish Suite by Szymon Laks." Notes Muzyczny 1, no. 11 (June 28, 2019): 109–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3524.

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The essence of the present article is presenting the influence of the creative output as well as personality of Karol Szymanowski on subsequent generations of Polish 20th century composers searching for new trends and options for their artistic development, based on the Polish Suite for violin and piano by Szymon Laks. It is a very interesting composition as an object for an academic study as well as from the performance-related and artistic perspectives. All research activities aim towards finding style similarities in Laks’ composition and analysing them in comparison to works by Szymanowski. The examples given in the article illustrate a clear influence of Szymanowski, from distant associations concerning the mood, colour and aura of the piece to specific quotations substantiating a great respect and admiration Szymon Laks had for Karol Szymanowski. Another confirmation of that is the fact that this composition was dedicated to Szymanowski. The rich heritage Szymanowski left became the new path he had set for future generations of not only Polis composers. It seems that this thesis has been duly proven in the article. In Laks’ composition we will find clear influences and often even quotations from Polish folklore, which Karol Szymanowski also used in his works. The aim of the article is also familiarising readers with this very rarely performed composition, showing its undisputed qualities and encouraging everyone to discover and promote numerous forgotten yet often very valuable pieces in Polish music.

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7

Jurkowski, Roman. "Ziemiaństwo polskie wobec dyskusji o zasadzie przymusowego wywłaszczenia ziemi w I Dumie Państwowej. Zjazd agrarny w Warszawie 27-30 listopada 1906 r. i jego znaczenie." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2023): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.8446.

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The article concerns the attitude of the Polish landed gentry to the principle of compulsory expropriation of land, which was accepted in the 1st State Duma by the Polish Circle of the Kingdom of Poland. The Polish conservatives grouped in the Party of Real Politics were decisive opponents of the forced expropriation of private land. In November 1906, they organized a special congress on the agrarian issue in Warsaw in order to receive an assurance from the National-Democratic Party that the party would not support any projects of forced expropriation of lands in the future Duma. At the agrarian congress, the participants discussed ways to restore agriculture in Russia and the Kingdom of Poland, as well as the future cooperation of both parties in the upcoming elections to the Second State Duma (1907).

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Valery Masterov. "STATE DUMA PUTS THE BRAKES ON POLISH TRUCKS." Current Digest of the Russian Press, The 75, no. 021 (May 28, 2023): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/dsp.86560814.

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9

Decyk-Zięba, Wanda. "W poczuciu obywatelskiego obowiązku. Rzecz o gramatyce Antoniego Morzyckiego." Poradnik Językowy, no. 3/2023(802) (March 31, 2023): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2023.3.7.

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A study titled Rys grammatyki języka polskiego (Outline of the Polish grammar) was published in 1857. Antoni Morzycki, the author of the grammar book, was not a philologist by education, he wrote his study out of a sense of civic duty. He founded his concept on the dogma of the speech originating from the Word, as John the Evangelist wrote: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” The man received the Word as a gft from God. The author divides grammar into three sections: phonetics and phonology, the science of the word and clause, and spelling. He adopted parallelism of parts of speech and clause as one of the rules organising the grammatical description. The book evoked an intense reaction of his contemporaries. Keywords: grammar books – Polish language – 19th century – terminology

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10

Pinior, Piotr. "Duty of loyalty and due care of the board member under Polish law." Review of European and Comparative Law 51, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.14578.

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Duty of loyalty and due care of the board’s members have been lately introduced to the provisions of the Polish Commercial Companies Code. This paper aims to define the duty of loyalty and due care of the board members, as presented in the Polish doctrine, as well as in the British, Spanish, and German laws. Additionally, the impact of the new provisions on the liability of the board members shall be described.

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11

Gliniecki, Bartłomiej. "The Duty of Care in Company Law in Poland." AUC IURIDICA 68, no. 3 (September 14, 2022): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23366478.2022.36.

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The liability of directors for failure to perform their duties in a lawful manner is based on general rules of civil liability, however with some modifications making it suitable for corporate application. The duty of care is considered as one of the major directives that must be followed by directors while executing their corporate duties. Polish company law provides for similar rules of directors’ liability for violating duty of care in all types of companies. Over the last two decades, many judgements and authors have strived to determine the content of the duty of care and identify rules that could be useful to declare liability in certain cases. Currently, as amendments of applicable regulations are being processed, liability rules for violations of the duty of care in Polish company law shall become more unambiguous and effortless for application.

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12

Kowalski, Patryk. "Polish Administrative Court’s Dissenting Opinions in Excise Duty Cases." Kyiv-Mohyla Law and Politics Journal, no. 6 (December 24, 2020): 197–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/kmlpj220752.2020-6.197-220.

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13

Hak, Elżbieta. "Stereotypes and masks – a figure of “Polish Boor” on the example of Jerzy Duda-Gracz." Ziemia Częstochowska 43 (2017): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/zc.2017.43.18.

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14

Egorova, Kseniya Borisovna. "TRANSLATION AND IMITATION OF POLISH POETRY IN RUSSIAN LITERARY CULTURE OF THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY." Russkaya literatura 3 (2022): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2022-3-100-107.

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The article deals with literary imitations of Polish poetry (the works by F. M. Ryndovsky, O. M. Somov, A. V. Sklabovsky), that made an impact on the formation of the language of their times. The works by K. F. Ryleev stand apart in the history of the Polish-Russian literary relations; he had enriched the Russian literature with a new genre of civic poetry, the Russian Duma, which emerged as a literary genre through the imitation of the Historical Songs of the Polish poet Yu. U. Nemtsevich.

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Łaskawski, Grzegorz. "Dowody osobiste w Polsce." Acta Iuridica Resoviensia 32, no. 1 (2021): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/actaires.2021.1.7.

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An identity card is a document that confirms identity and certifies Polish citizenship. It’s essence also includes a number of other functions that are fulfilled. Every polish citizen has the right to have an ID card, and in certain legal cases, there is the duty to have it. The ID card is constantly changing due to a quick modifications of the administration to complement it’s new needs.

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16

Sielska, Agata. "Costs of polish county hospitals–A behavioral panel function." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): e0262646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262646.

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In the paper the costs of Polish county hospitals in 2015–2018 are studied using behavioral cost function. The set of variables combines hospitals’ characteristics which may determine their level of costs, such as the form of ownership, bed turnover rate, number of patient-days and share of beds in emergency department with environment characteristics which may influence both outsourcing costs and patients’ health. In 2017 the system of basic hospital service provision (hospital network) was introduced in Poland. Dummy variables included in the model represent the category of hospital in the system. The results show that the costs may be described using fixed effect panel model. Positive impact of percentage of emergency department patients transferred to other departments and of wages is found. Higher ratio of residents and interns to doctors is found to decrease costs. Dummy variable for the period after the introduction of hospital network assumed a negative sign with costs, but the parameter remained insignificant.

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Wieczorek, Mariusz. "The Specific Nature of the Clerical Duty of Loyalty." Studia z zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Społecznej 30, no. 2 (June 21, 2023): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25444654spp.23.007.17888.

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Loyalty to their employer is one of the duties of civil servants, local government employees in clerical positions, and state officials Officials owe loyalty to their employer, in this case an organisation without a legal personality under Art. 3 of the Labour Code and an office as defined by administrative sciences. The clerical duty of loyalty cannot be restricted to the other party to the employment relationship, however. Given the importance of the Polish nationality to the contracting and continuation of clerical employment relationships, officials must be assumed to owe loyalty to the state and public institutions. The clerical loyalty to the Republic of Poland should be seen as a materialisation of the constitutional duty of a citizen’s allegiance to a state. Due to the importance of an act of will to the deprivation of Polish citizenship, the discontinuation of a clerical employment relationship is necessary.

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18

Nowak, Marcin. "The Individual Security of Polish Police Officers in the Context of the Usage of a Stun Gun as a Means of Physical Coercion. A Study Report." Security Dimensions 28, no. 28 (December 31, 2018): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1614.

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The increasing brutalisation of society results in Polish police officers becoming increasingly exposed to threats to their lives and health. In 2016, 311 assaults on police officers took place. A secure police officer equals a secure state and its citizens. This is why it is so important for Polish police forces to be in possession of proper means of physical coercion which ensure their safety while on duty. The Act on means of physical coercion and firearms of 5 June 2013 specifies the range of the means of physical coercion permissible for use by police officers. However, the most important of these are individual means with which a police officer is equipped. Research conducted among Polish police officers demonstrates which individual means of physical coercion available to them are used most frequently for the purpose of ensuring safety on duty. Undoubtedly, the key measure is the object designated by the said law to incapacitate people using electricity, colloquially referred to as an electric stun gun, a stunner or a taser. This measure of direct coercion, present in the equipment of the Polish Police since 2007, is gaining in importance, as evidenced by the conducted research and the data on the use of electric stunner by police officers.

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Daniłowicz, Witold. "Łowiectwo a obowiązek państwa dbałości o środowisko." Studia Prawnoustrojowe, no. 43 (October 11, 2019): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/sp.4600.

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Polish Constitution charges the State with the duty to protect environment. Realizing its obligation the State should, inter alia, regulate huntingin a rational manner. Currently it is the Minister of Environmental Protection who is in charge of that area of activity. The Minister, however, lacksexecutive organs which could enable him to perform that function. Thereforethis role is currently being performed by the Polish Hunting Association andthe State Forests. The Minister should oversee their activities in that regardbut its powers are very limited, particularly with respect to the Polish Hunting Association. The article puts forward the idea of creating national hunting administration.

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20

Wyder, Grażyna. "Wielkopolskie „entuzjastki” – Bibianna Moraczewska i Emilia Sczaniecka. Życie złożone w służbie Ojczyzny – świadomy wybór czy zrządzenie losu?" Studia Historica Gedanensia 14 (December 21, 2023): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23916001hg.23.012.18813.

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Wielkopolskie Enthusiasts – Bibianna Moraczewska and Emilia Sczaniecka: Life in the Service of the Homeland – Conscious Choice or Fate? Women of Greater Poland in the nineteenth century – outstanding Polish women: Bibianna Moraczewska (1811–1887) and Emilia Sczaniecka (1804–1896) – can be considered the first Polish suffragettes. They devoted their entire lives to national, social, and political activities. They actively participated in Polish national uprisings. They took part in the independence movement’s underground activities. They were known and respected in wide social circles, often actively collaborating in social and national projects. They treated their activities as a duty towards the enslaved homeland.

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21

Ptak, Michał. "The role of excise duty on energy carriers in Polish environmental policy." Equilibrium 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2009): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2009.024.

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The paper presents the role of excise duty on energy carriers in air pollution and climate change policy. The author shows that excise duty rates and tax exemptions provide incentives for switching to cleaner fuels and promote renewable energy sources. Furthermore, the article explores possible directions of changes in energy taxes in Poland. These changes can be based on experience gained by other European countries. The author shows that energy taxes can be introduced as a part of environmental tax reform.

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Norée, Annika. "Fatal police shootings in Sweden." Bergen Journal of Criminal Law & Criminal Justice 9, no. 2 (January 14, 2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bjclcj.v9i2.3528.

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Something has happened. Over the past six years a total of 17 men have been shot dead by Swedish police. This is a dramatic increase of cases with deadly outcome. Previously, the number of fatal shootings in Sweden had been on average one per year. In total, there have been 44 cases of fatal shootings between 1990-2021. The trend of increasing fatal police shootings is alarming. Prosecutors have generally concluded that the police officers responsible for the shootings fired in self-defense, actual or imagined, to defend themselves or to defend others in dangerous situations. What the police took for a deadly weapon maybe was a harmless dummy. Or the death man – so far it has just been about men – was perhaps unarmed. In the few cases which have resulted in a prosecution, the courts have almost exclusively sided with the defense and concluded that the police officers acted in self-defense. There are few incidents concerning lawful authority, the right of the police to use force to carry out an official duty. The author analyzes and describes the legal problems connected to the recent dramatic increase of fatal police shootings. She also discusses what may be done within Swedish legislation do to reduce the risk that someone will fall victim to police bullets, and she makes suggestions about improvements to limiting deadly use of force by the police.

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23

Domański, Czesław. "The Role of Polish Statisticians in the International Statistical Institute." Przegląd Statystyczny 62, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1766.

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The article is a characteristic of the development of statistics with emphasis on the contribution made by Polish statisticians. The origins of Polish statistics go back to 17th century when the king’s secretary worked out a formula of presenting crop estimates and published his findings. These and other works are presented in the chapter devoted to the achievements of Polish statisticians before founding International Statistical Institutes. In the following chapters the achievements of international statistical congresses are presented starting from the Brussels Congress in 1853 and ending with the World Statistics Congress in 2015. This article presents only some of the works of Polish statisticians made for the part of the International Statistical Institute. It seems that there is a necessity for presenting the works of Polish statisticians in the most important statistical institute more thoroughly, because it is our duty to foster their achievements.

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24

Skurjat, Krystyna. "Polish army soldier and scientist – Stanisław Ossowski." Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka - Refleksje 39, no. 39 (June 10, 2021): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9194.

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The article reminds Stanisław Ossowski, an outstanding sociologist and political scientist, a representative of the Lviv-Warsaw school, and a brave soldier. The author focuses her attention on two problems selected from his work: on man as an ethical subject and on opportunities and threats in shaping individual and collective social personalities. Stanisław Ossowski regarded disobedience in thinking, faithfulness to the truth, and intellectual honesty as the professional duty of a scientist, especially a humanist, who studies ideas and value systems. He justified the theory of mutual conditioning of the social structure-personality. He studied the impact of decisions of senior government officials on the dynamics of human behaviour and the development of human polymorphism.

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Pula, James S. "“Our Sacred Duty”: Poland’s Diaspora Fights for Polish Independence, 1894–1921." Studia Historica Gedanensia 12, no. 1 (2021): 331–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23916001hg.21.039.15099.

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[Nasz święty obowiązek” – walka polskiej diaspory o niepodległość Polski w latach 1894–1921] Ponad 100 lat temu, w dziesięcioleciu poprzedzającym pierwszą wojnę światową, Wacław Kruszka pisał, że Polak w Ameryce jest kulturowo inny niż Polak w Polsce, ale mimo to odczuwa braterstwo duchowe i lojalność wobec bycia „Polakiem”. To przywiązanie do ojczyzny przodków przejawiało się już w diasporze poprzez starania o zachowanie polskiej kultury i wspieranie ruchów niepodległościowych. Niespełna dekadę po opublikowaniu tych uwag przez Kruszkę polska diaspora po raz kolejny udowodniła swoją lojalność, zbierając armię do walki na polach bitew Europy, aby osiągnąć, a następnie chronić tę niepodległość. Niniejszy artykuł niektóre z tych wysiłków, zwłaszcza stworzenie Błękitnej Armii, jej działania na polach bitew we Francji, a następnie jej rozmieszczenie w Polsce w celu przeciwstawienia się inwazji bolszewickiej w latach 1919–1921.

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Rojszczak-Robińska, Dorota. "Translations of the Psalms in Old Polish Biblical-Apocryphal Narrative Texts: The Beginnings of Vernacular Religious Language." Bible Translator 74, no. 1 (April 2023): 126–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20516770221151156.

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The Old Polish New Testament apocrypha are the most extensive written records of a Polish medieval religious language. The aim of this article is to analyze ways in which excerpts from the Psalms operate in these texts. No full Polish medieval translation of the Bible has been preserved, so it is the apocrypha that shape our understanding of the folk Bible in medieval Poland. Medieval authors came up with different translation strategies: formal and dynamic equivalence, as well as paraphrase and summary. The authors used the Latin text freely, adapting it to the subject, removing inconvenient passages and adding others. However, fragments of psalms are almost always translated accurately, word for word, duly accounting for the Latin word order. The manner of translating psalms is different from the way Old Polish authors translated texts they knew as bilinguals.

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Fletcher, Robin. "Book Review: Preparing for Police Duty." International Journal of Police Science & Management 6, no. 3 (May 2004): 190–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/ijps.6.3.190.39129.

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Chen. "ARE FEMALES SUITABLE FOR POLICE DUTY?" Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2013.89.93.

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Zahor, Mirosław, and Ryszard Woźniak. "CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS ON MILITARY PISTOLS AND CARTRIDGES." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 55–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.0280.

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Analysis results of designs for duty pistols and their ammunition are presented in the article. Formulated conclusions can be used at engineering practice to design modern weapon systems for the Polish Army and services responsible for state’s home security.

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Surmach, O. "Polish-Ukrainian conflict and the UGCC during the German occupation." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 15 (October 10, 2000): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2000.15.1094.

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During the German occupation, the fratricidal Polish-Ukrainian conflict became particularly acute. In 1941 Archbishop Boleslav Tvardovsky and Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky discussed the question of their pastoral duty to prevent the rise of crimes caused by this conflict. At the same time, both hierarchs expressed some despair that they did not have sufficient (or no) influence on the perpetrators of these crimes.

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Gierszewski, Janusz, and Adam Kwiatkowski. "Personal Security of the Officers of The Polish Prison Service." Security Dimensions 35, no. 35 (March 31, 2021): 102–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8242.

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Objective and problem: The aim is to know the opinions of the Polish prison officers (security department) about personal security while on duty. The main question is: How do prison officers perceive their security while on duty? Methodology: The authors use literature analysis as well as the analysis of statistical data and of phenomena occurring in society. A diagnostic survey using the interview technique played an important role in the empirical part. The survey was conducted in 2020, in a group of 320 prison officers from various prison units, using the author’s questionnaire. Conclusions: The personal security of prison officers is about their perception of dangerous situations (threats) in the workplace. The issue is mainly concerned with emergency situations: physical hazards (e.g. damage to health), mental hazards (e.g. after a suicidal act is revealed) and legal protection (e.g. in case of slander). Results: Direct contact with prisoners makes the work of an officer of the Prison Service dangerous and stressful, but the officer has adequate professional preparation and technical means to repel the attack. The authors identified significant threats and dangerous places, as well as assessed the effectiveness of the measures aimed at boosting a prison guard’s safety.

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ZWĘGLIŃSKI, Tomasz, and Carlos Morgado. "Analytical Approach to Cooperation Between Fire Brigade and the Police — Comparison Study on Base of Polish and Portuguese Experiences." Internal Security 10, no. 1 (November 27, 2018): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7498.

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Cooperation is one of the fundamental processes which shape the natural, social, economic and cultural environments. Therefore, it appears evident that this concept gained recognition within numerous scientific areas, which include, among others: management, economics, anthropology, sociology, political science, the psychology of work, and others. The scope of concerned aspects relates to human relations, it seems necessary to reflect on the subject of consideration from the point of view of sociology. In the contemporary world everybody operates within a global system, therefore everyone is interdependent. The paradigm of the organization constitutes of a man, the purpose and structure. Cooperation is the opposite of social conflict, hence by the means of cooperation conflicts may be prevented and through cooperation conflicts may be solved. Currently, the rescue system in Poland is based on organized but dispersed areas of responsibility among public authorities and non-governmental organizations. In Portugal, civil protection and relief operations are multidisciplinary activities developed by agencies, services and entities, at the national, district and municipal levels, duly organized in the Integrated Protection and Relief Operations System. Therefore cooperation between agencies should be a never ending process which is realized through all crises management phases. Only then it brings the synergy effect in the key moments of complex life-saving operations. These two agencies are almost always present on a scene of small and major incidents. Therefore the authors recognized that the problem is worth to be addressed as a comparison study on the base of Polish and Portuguese experiences.

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Nir, Roman. "The Activities of the Polish Section “War Relief Services-National Catholic Welfare Conference” in Great Britain from 10.12.1943 to 31.07.1946." Studia Polonijne 39 (July 30, 2019): 213–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/sp.2018.10.

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WRS-NCWC Polish Projects activities in Great Britain started at the very moment of the arrival 30 November 1943 of the Rev. A. Wycislo, Delegate of WRS-NCEC, nominated by Executive Committee as Field Director, Polish Projects. Very Bishop J.F. Gawlina immediately created in London an NCWC Polish Projects in Great Britain Committee. Rev. Canon R. Gogolinski-Elston was nominated Secretary of this Central Committee. The common aims of NCWC activities all over the world were directing aims of NCWC Polish Projects in Great Britain Central Committees. The especial aim to have care about the Polish Soldier, his spiritual and moral welfare, and to ensure his cultural and educationall development in a truly Catholic and Polish atmosphere. Rev. Gogolinski-Elston was ordered to start work immediately and already on the 10th of December 1943 the Polish Hearth in Blackpool was taken over, as the first NCWC Centre for Poles in Gt. Britain. On the 12th of December 1943 NCWC Rest and Recreational Centre for Polish University Students was opened in Edinburgh, 15th December an NCWC Polish Air Force Canteen in Blackpool was opend, 24th of December 1943 an NCWC Rest and Recreational Centre for Polish Convalescent Airmen in Blackoop and NCWC Rest and Recreational Centre in Special Secret Duty Detachment in “X” (military secret) were created. Polish Projects in Gt. Britain will be an excellent testimonial to American Catholics with their Bishops, to War Relief Services-National Catholic Welfare Conference, organization with its so effective Executive and Field Director.

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Konarski, Marcin Jerzy. "The Evolution of Polish Legislation on Public Burdens in the Event of Martial Law." Przegląd Prawa Administracyjnego 6 (April 30, 2024): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/ppa.2023.6.101-120.

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The article analyses legal regulations relating to the constitutional duty to bear public burdens. The author examines the development and formation in the Polish legal system of legal norms relating to one of these burdens, namely personal services and in-kind contributions. The discussion concerns only the duty to bear these burdens in the event of occurrence of premises for introducing one of the three, apart from a state of emergency and a state of natural disaster, extraordinary measures mentioned in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland – martial law.

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Brzemia-Bonarek, Aleksandra. "Prawda w świetle znowelizowanego kodeksu postępowania cywilnego." Prawo Kanoniczne 51, no. 3-4 (December 10, 2008): 385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.2008.51.3-4.19.

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The article is a short review of the changes in Polish civil law procedure connected with the minimization of the „objective truth” principle. The aim of the novelization was to accelerate the judges in their work, fulfil UE standards and regulations, and to activate the parties to responsible and diligence participation in the civil litigation. The author generally agrees with the necessity of changes the procedural rules which have been set out by Polish Parliament, although in her critical point of view, judge’s duty to adjudicate according with the objective truth – should never be inhibit.

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Holewińska-Łapińska, Elżbieta. "Establishment of Contacts between Grandparents and Minor Grandchildren in the Practice of Polish Courts." Prawo w Działaniu 34 (2018): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32041/pwd.3406.

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This article concerns contacts of grandparents with minor grandchildren (Art. 1136 of the Family and Guardianship Code); the related problems are presented against the backdrop of social and pedagogical aspects of intergenerational bonds. The author presents the thesis that contacts between grandparents and minor grandchildren should be perceived not only as a right, but also as a duty of the parties, though having a lesser intensity than the similar relationship between parents and their minor children. In case of a conflict between the standpoints of parents and children concerning contacts with grandparents, the primary duty of minor children is that of obedience towards parents, which takes precedence over the duty of contact with grandparents. Yet parents should exercise parental authority in such a way so as to avoid creating conflicts of loyalty on the children’s part. Moreover, they should take steps to enable their children to discharge their legal duties, established in the minors’ interest. The article also presents the basic findings from a study of court files in cases relating to grandparents’ applications for establishment of their contacts with minor grandchildren.

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Prenzler, T. "Learning from Police Deaths on Duty: A Case Study." Policing 4, no. 4 (July 12, 2010): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/paq033.

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Charkiewicz, Mariusz. "Taxation of novel tobacco products with excise duty." Institutiones Administrationis 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54201/iajas.v1i1.4.

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Under EU law, certain excise goods are subject to excise duty. However, EU Member States may also levy this tax on products other than excise goods. One of such products are innovative tobacco products. These products are becoming more and more popular on the European and world market. In Poland, these products are considered excise goods. The aim of the article is to analyze and evaluate the applicable legal solutions regulating the issue of taxation with excise duty on innovative tobacco products, in the light of EU and Polish law.

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Stańczuk, Izabela. "Konstytucyjny obowiązek ochrony granic RP w świetle kryzysu na granicy z Białorusią." Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego 67, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2022.03.19.

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The duty of each state established by internal law is to protect its borders. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland, referring to the need to ensure the integrity of the territory and the security and inviolability of its borders, gives this duty priority. The crisis on the Polish-Belarusian border poses a serious threat to both the Baltic countries and the European Union. The methods and means used to end it are primarily intended to ensure border security, which is a particularly difficult task given the hybrid nature of the actions carried out by Belarus. The possibility of response and reaction of Polish services is limited by the need to respect human rights, international law regulations and democratic rules, which the Republic of Belarus does not feel bound by. The use of the state of emergency made it possible to focus efforts on combating the crisis, but the question arises how the situation will develop after it is lifted.

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40

Walecka-Rynduch, Agnieszka. "„Q&A” Andrzeja Dudy jako przykład komunikowania performatywnego." Zeszyty Prasoznawcze 64, no. 3 (247) (2021): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/22996362pz.21.019.13884.

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“Q&A” of Andrzej Duda as an example of performative communication In this paper the author provides an analysis of an interesting phenomenon of media communication implemented under the Q&A formula. This form of contact with the electorate, popular in a special way among politicians of Eastern European democracies, has also become the domain of Polish President Andrzej Duda during the last election campaign in 2020. The qualitative analysis was carried out on programmes aired on the official profile of Polish President on Facebook from March 23rd to July 3rd 2020. It is a total of 15 films, each (with one exception) lasting about 90 minutes. The author characterises this channel of persuasive messages and points out their role in contemporary media discourse. Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza ciekawego zjawiska komunikowania medialnego realizowanego w ramach formuły Q&A – „pytania i odpowiedzi”. Ta formuła kontaktu z elektoratem, popularna wśród polityków, w szczególny sposób wśród polityków demokracji wschodnioeuropejskich, stała się również domeną polskiego prezydenta Andrzeja Dudy podczas ostatniej rywalizacji wyborczej w 2020 roku. Analizie jakościowej poddane zostały programy emitowane na oficjalnym profilu PAD na portalu społecznościowym Facebook od 23 marca do 3 lipca 2020 roku. Łącznie jest to 15 filmów, z których każdy (z jednym wyjątkiem) trwa około 90 minut. Autorka będzie starała się scharakteryzować ten kanał perswazyjnych komunikatów, jak również wskazać na ich rolę we współczesnym dyskursie medialnym.

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Belousov, Mikhail, Valentina Chikina, and Yasyn Abdullaev. "Duma debates and the international factor of the Polish policy of autocracy." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2019, no. 06 (June 1, 2019): 09–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii201906statyi08.

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42

Gwiazda, Mariusz, and Dagmara Wielgosz-Rondolino. "‘Marea’ on Lake Mareotis: A Roman Amphorae Dump, a Byzantine Period House, and Its Early Islamic Dwellers." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 105, no. 2 (December 2019): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307513320905850.

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‘Marea’ is situated on the south-western shore of Lake Mareotis, some 40 km south-west of Alexandria and 4 km south of the Mediterranean coast, in a region that enjoyed considerable economic significance in the Graeco-Roman Period due to wine production. In 2011, a Polish expedition from the Archaeological Museum of Kraków, on behalf of the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, initiated excavations at House H1 and focused their research in the structure’s southern reaches. Then, in both 2014 and 2016, the excavations continued under the direction of a Polish team from the University of Warsaw. Based on this archaeological research as well as a stratigraphic analysis, it was possible to conclude that over the years the character of House H1 underwent substantial changes attested to by various kinds of alterations (wall demolition, introducing new partition structures and installations inside of rooms, constant rise of occupation levels). Our research enabled us to distinguish four main phases of habitation in this part of the archaeological site, beginning from the second century until its demise before the ninth century.

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43

Jurkowski, Roman. "Współczesne białoruskie, polskie i rosyjskie badania biograficzne dotyczące dziejów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w XIX wieku." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.5461.

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Common past of Belarusians, Poles and Russians create the history of the Eastern lands of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Historical biographical dictionaries play an important role in studies of the historians from these lands. The article discusses 4 Belarusian, 3 Polish and 2 Russian biographical dictionaries describing important people from the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. In this article, two encyclopedias devoted to the Russian State Duma and the State Council reformed after 1906 were also assessed. The whole article shows the meaning of the historical biography in the progress of the scientific research over the past ages.

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Zieliński, Tadeusz. "Transformation of the Polish Armed Forces: A perspective on the twentieth anniversary of Poland's membership in the North Atlantic Alliance." Kwartalnik "Bellona" 700, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0213.

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This article presents the changes in the Polish Armed Forces during the twenty years of Poland's membership in NATO. Transformational processes of varying intensity and effect involved organisational and technical modernisation and active duty force professionalism. An important aspect was the participation in operations under the NATO flag. Combat experience contributed to significant changes in their functioning, including combat technology and procedures, and provided to achieving interoperability within the NATO. What is more, future changes in Polish Armed Forces will be directly connected with challenges related to engagement of Poland in political, economic and military dimension to NATO.

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Yerzhykivska, Nataliia. "UKRAINIAN THEMES IN THE EARLY WORSK OF JULIUSZ SŁOWACKI." Polish Studies of Kyiv, no. 39 (2023): 161–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/psk.2023.39.161-192.

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The article pays attention to the fullest possible identification of the content background of the early work of Juliusz Słowacki “Ukrainian Duma”, dated [Vilno, August 26, 1826], which literary experts consider to be part of the Vilnius-Kremenets creative period. Emphasized attention is paid to the fact that the poet begins his work at a time when the Ukrainian trend, later defined as the “Ukrainian school” in Polish romantic writing, has already clearly manifested itself in the work of its leading representatives. It is emphasized that the poem contains elements of folk songs that were sung throughout Ukraine in the 16th – 18th centuries. Consistency with the persuasive arguments of Ukrainian folklorist R. Kyrchiv is asserted, namely: the novice author does not imitate, adapt or rephrase Ukrainian folk songs, but only interprets them as material for a poetic synthesis; he also does not use those song texts on which B. Zaleski’s poetry is based. It is emphasized that the author of “Ukrainian Duma” testified to his early interest in Polish and Ukrainian folk song primary sources. It is speculated that J. Słowacki looked closely at Polish translations of Ukrainian song texts, their reprints and various kinds of adaptations, and also showed interest in Stavropol literature and the works of contemporary poets, in particular A. Malczewski. Typological parallels with shades of poetry by A. Czahrowski and B. Zimorowicz are given. Attention is drawn to the artistic features of “Ukrainian Duma” – interestingly composed, as for a novice poet, and sufficiently original integral work written in a rhythmic language (choreated eight-syllable). In the sylabotic system, the two-syllable foot, in which the rhythmic accent falls on the first syllable, is usually odd. The poem has 195 lines and has all the appropriate plot elements. The textual canvas of the “Ukrainian Duma” by J. Słowacki was analyzed and interpreted according to its conventional division into two parts: “I. Farewell” and “II. Despair”, the unfolding of which is accompanied by a narrator who forms the structure of the story and ensures the integrity of the composition; he performs the roles of narrator, observer and witness. In order to pay more attention to the plot-compositional organization of the poem, a division into separate fragments with conventional names corresponding to each aspect is also applied. Three fragments are included in the first part: “Runko and Hanka – narrator’s presentation of the characters”, “Farewell of lovers”, “Attack of the Tatars”. The following six fragments are included in the second part: “Runka’s Path to Hanka”, “Despair”, “Reflections on the Fate of a Cossack”, “Despair”, “Sad News...” and “Afterword”. The specified type of narration, used by the writer, that is, he belongs to the omniscient objective auctorial narrator who conducts the story and intervenes in it: dialogue with the characters in the form of questions-answers, reasoning, reflections, evaluations, comments and summaries. It is about the clothes and musical instrument (bardon) of the main character Runka. The research cites reviews of Polish and Ukrainian scientists, as well as individual fragments of translations of the “Ukrainian Duma” from Polish to Ukrainian by M. Zisman and R. Lubkivskyi. The author of the article is inclined to see in the poem “Ukrainian Duma” by J. Słowacki, which has overcome a difficult path to the reader (first published in 1866), as inspired student sketches of poetry for later mature lyrical and dramatic texts, which are full of glorious and tragic pages of past events and visions of the future of Poland and Ukraine.

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Білобровець, Ольга. "Elections to the State Duma and the State Council on the Right Bank: Participation of the Polish Population." Scientific Papers of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsyiubynskyi State Pedagogical University Series History, no. 22 (November 3, 2023): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2411-2143-2014-22-17-20.

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The article discusses specifics of the elections in Right-Bank Ukraine to the higher authorities in theRussian Empire – the State Duma and the Sate Council, which resulted from the bourgeois-democraticrevolution of the early twentieth century, and the character of electoral politics in Polish political circles of theregion.

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Szweykowski, Jerzy, and Katarzyna Buczkowska. "Cell walls as taxonomic markers in Polish species of the genus Odontoschisma (Dum.) Dum. (Hepaticae, Cephaloziaceae)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 68, no. 1 (2014): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1999.007.

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To get valuable diagnostic characters, the structure of cell walls was studied with use of two stains (Ruthenium Red -RR and Resorcine Blue - RB) and in polarized light. As far as the stem structure is concerned, European species of the genus <em>Odontoschisma</em> fall into two groups: in <em>Odontoschisma elongatum</em> and in <em>Odontoschisma macounii</em> a thick, frequently completely obscuring cell lumen, "lining layer" is present. It frequently, particularly after staining in RB, detaches from the rest of the cell wall. Such a layer is completely lacking in the two remaining species, viz. <em>O. sphagni</em> and <em>0. denudatum</em>. In polarized light only leaves of <em>O. sphagni</em> show a distinct bright border. The thin cellulose layer (bright in polarized light) embrace the angular thickenings in <em>0. sphagni</em> and <em>0. denudatum</em>, but is entering the inside of these thickenings in the two remaining species. Keys for determination of the four European species based on the staining properties of cell walls and their look in polarized light are provided.

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Kania, Leszek. "Stosunek społeczeństwa polskiego i mniejszości narodowych do obowiązku służby wojskowej w czasie wojny z Rosją bolszewicką (luty 1919 – listopad 1920)." Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy 21, no. 3 (2020): 47–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32089/wbh.phw.2020.3(273).0002.

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The article is devoted to the protection of the combat capability of the Polish Army front troops from negative phenomena lowering their morale and discipline during the war with Bolshevik Russia in 1919–1921, and the attitudes of the Polish society and national minorities towards fulfilling their military service. After regaining independence, the war for independence and eastern borders had to be fought with a traditionally aggressive neighbor, Bolshevik Russia, which wanted to take advantage of the limited capabilities of a country ruined by wars, the enormous internal difficulties of a state united from three partitioned districts, the apparent attractiveness of the Bolshevik ideology and the multi-ethnicity of the society, which to some extent became susceptible to the populist slogans of the invader. During this war, the Polish Army was troubled by desertion of soldiers from the battle line and by mass evasion of military duty by men with a national minority background. Units fighting at the front were agitated by the propaganda apparatus of the Red Army, whose intention was a moral decay of the Polish Army.

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Tofaris, Stelios, and Sandy Steel. "NEGLIGENCE LIABILITY FOR OMISSIONS AND THE POLICE." Cambridge Law Journal 75, no. 1 (March 2016): 128–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197315001002.

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AbstractThe police do not owe a duty of care to protect victims from the criminal acts of a third party when investigating or suppressing crime save in exceptional circumstances. This is justified as an application of the omissions principle and on several other grounds. The article argues that most of these justifications are unconvincing and it sets outs a positive rationale for the imposition on the police of a duty of care in respect of sufficiently proximate victims of a negligent omission. The scope of this duty can be coherently delimited by re-adjusting the existing framework of negligence liability of public authorities.

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Luka, Piotr, and Andrzej Urban. "INTEGRATION OF DEVICES IN POLICE DUTY VEHICLES." Social Legal Studios, no. 1 (April 2019): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32518/2617-4162-2019-1-63-68.

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