Relevant bibliographies by topics / Policy network size

Academic literature on the topic 'Policy network size'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Policy network size"

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Beine, Michel, Frédéric Docquier, and Çağlar Özden. "DISSECTING NETWORK EXTERNALITIES IN INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION." Journal of Demographic Economics 81, no. 4 (December 2015): 379–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2015.13.

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Abstract:Migrant networks play an important role in explaining the size and structure of migration flows. They affect the private costs and benefits of migration (assimilation channel) and lower legal entry barriers through family reunification programs (policy channel). This paper presents a micro-founded identification strategy allowing to disentangle the relative importance of these two channels. Our empirical analysis exploits US immigration data by metropolitan area and country of origin. We first find that the elasticity of migration flows to network size is around one. More interestingly, we show that the policy channel accounted at most for a quarter of this elasticity in the 1990s, and the magnitudes of the total network effect and the policy channel are greater for low-skilled migrants. Our results are strongly robust to sample selection, identification assumptions, and treatment for unobserved bilateral heterogeneity. Furthermore, the policy channel was stronger in the 1990s than in the 1980s, possibly reflecting the changes in the US family reunification policies. We conclude that the government capacity to curb the migration multiplier exists, but is limited.
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Fast, Janet, Norah Keating, Pam Otfinowski, and Linda Derksen. "Characteristics of Family/Friend Care Networks of Frail Seniors." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 23, no. 1 (2004): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800016780.

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ABSTRACTThis paper tests assumptions often made by policy makers and practitioners that networks of family, friends, and neighbours are able to provide sustained care to frail elderly Canadians. Using national survey data, we examined characteristics of the care networks of 1,104 seniors living with a long-term health problem. Care networks were found to vary considerably in size, relationship composition, gender composition, age composition, and proximity, and these network characteristics were found to help explain variations in the types and amounts of care received. As a result, network characteristics that might place seniors at risk of receiving inadequate care (including small size and higher proportions of non-kin, male, and geographically distant members) were identified. These risk factors appear to be poorly reflected in most existing policy.
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Tang, Chaoying, Linna Ye, Stefanie Naumann, and Xiaoyang Lu. "Outstanding and ordinary scientists’ co-authorship networks in the early career phase." Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science 26, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/mjlis.vol26no1.3.

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How do scientists’ ego-centered co-authorship networks affect their research productivity and impact during the early career phase? Do co-authorship networks evolve differently for outstanding scientists vs. ordinary scientists? Our study responded to these questions by demonstrating that scientists’ co-authorship network size and betweenness centrality of their co-authorship network positively affected both their research productivity and research impact. Scientists’ tie strength diversity of their co-authorship network moderated the relationship between their ego-network size and their research performance. Their co-authorship network’s degree centralization moderated the relationship between their betweenness centrality and research performance. Further, the size and betweenness centrality of the co-authorship network were significantly different between the two groups of scientists since their fourth working year. Outstanding scientists had a larger co-authorship network and their positions in the co-authorship network were more central than those of ordinary scientists. Implications for scientists and policy makers in science and higher education are discussed
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Rehman, Obaid ur, Irshad Ahmed Abbasi, Hythem Hashem, Khalid Saeed, Muhammad Faran Majeed, and Sikandar Ali. "SS-Drop: A Novel Message Drop Policy to Enhance Buffer Management in Delay Tolerant Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (June 8, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9773402.

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A challenged network is one where traditional hypotheses such as reduced data transfer error rates, end-to-end connectivity, or short transmissions have not gained much significance. A wide range of application scenarios are associated with such networks. Delay tolerant networking (DTN) is an approach that pursues to report the problems which reduce communication in disrupted networks. DTN works on store-carry and forward mechanism in such a way that a message may be stored by a node for a comparatively large amount of time and carry it until a proper forwarding opportunity appears. To store a message for long delays, a proper buffer management scheme is required to select a message for dropping upon buffer overflow. Every time dropping messages lead towards the wastage of valuable resources which the message has already consumed. The proposed solution is a size-based policy which determines an inception size for the selection of message for deletion as buffer becomes overflow. The basic theme behind this scheme is that by determining the exact buffer space requirement, one can easily select a message of an appropriate size to be discarded. By doing so, it can overcome unnecessary message drop and ignores biasness just before selection of specific sized message. The proposed scheme Spontaneous Size Drop (SS-Drop) implies a simple but intelligent mechanism to determine the inception size to drop a message upon overflow of the buffer. After simulation in ONE (Opportunistic Network Environment) simulator, the SS-Drop outperforms the opponent drop policies in terms of high delivery ratio by giving 66.3% delivery probability value and minimizes the overhead ratio up to 41.25%. SS-Drop also showed a prominent reduction in dropping of messages and buffer time average.
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Vittoria, Maria Patrizia, and Pasquale Persico. "Knowledge Economy and Regional Innovation Policy Milieu." Advanced Engineering Forum 11 (June 2014): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.11.614.

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The emergence of the knowledge economy has resulted in a new definition of regional policy milieu. Under the current EU policy framework the concepts of region and city are the result of an inductive, exploratory cognitive process. Interpreting, assessing and designing successful territorial milieux constitute a methodological challenge for analysts. This paper discusses the methodological capacity of a hybrid theoretical approach to discovery and design of smart specialization. Analysis of strategic network formation (why the network takes a particular form) demonstrates the competitive positioning of specific homogeneous communities within the global value chain and can be considered central to the regional policy milieu. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabella normale"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}
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Chu, Jie, and Zhao Li. "Design and Implementation of the Firewall Policy Audit Based on Improved Policy Tree." Applied Mechanics and Materials 736 (March 2015): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.736.179.

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Firewall plays an important role in today's network security, and its rule configuration is reasonable or not directly related to the security of network environment. With the increasing size of the network, firewall configurations are becoming increasingly complex, and the firewall policy audit should be born in order to better play the protective properties of the firewall. Firstly, this paper studies the relationship between firewall rules in detail, analyzes some common types of rules abnormal of audit programs and reviews existing policies. Next, this paper proposes a improved audit program based on the tree structure, discusses and achieves the audit process of the program in detail. Finally, this paper shows a graphical reports and detailed audit findings of the prototype system, and does a comparison and verification between the results of the improved audit program and the traditional strategy tree.
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Ashida, Sato, Lena Thompson, and Erin L. Robinson. "STRENGTHENING PERSONAL AND COMMUNITY DISASTER SUPPORT NETWORKS OF OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2166.

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Abstract The Ecological Model posits a multilevel approach to understanding of and strengthening social networks of community based older adults. We present findings from our intervention, network analysis, and efforts at influencing policy making at the state level to better prepare them for pre and post disaster and emergency situations. At the individual-level, we implemented the Disaster PrepWise program to help community-based older adults develop personal disaster plans. We found increases in personal emergency network size by an average of three non-familial individuals. At the community-level, we evaluated two disaster management networks in Eastern Iowa counties. We found strong collaborations in disaster planning and response among 44 governmental and community-based organizations, but weaker collaborations in supporting older residents, suggesting a need in this area. At the policy-level, we are developing a state-level network of organizations to address policy barriers to effectively support older Iowans.
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Zimmerman, Monica A., David Barsky, and Keith D. Brouthers. "Networks, SMEs, and International Diversification." Multinational Business Review 17, no. 4 (November 11, 2009): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/1525383x200900031.

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Despite changes in international trade agreements and the introduction of new technologies that facilitate international business, many firms, especially SMEs, still do not diversify into international markets. In this paper, we suggest that an important factor that can influence the international diversification decision is social networks. We hypothesize that both the strength of the ties to international firms and the size of a SME’s international network influence its decision to diversify internationally. Our analysis suggests that the strength of international network ties significantly influences SME international diversification, but that the size of the international network does not. These results have important implications for researchers, managers, and public policy makers.
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Caraiani, Petre, and Alexandru Lazarec. "Using Entropy to Evaluate the Impact of Monetary Policy Shocks on Financial Networks." Entropy 23, no. 11 (November 6, 2021): 1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23111465.

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We analyze the changes in the financial network built using the Dow Jones Industrial Average components following monetary policy shocks. Monetary policy shocks are measured through unexpected changes in the federal funds rate in the United States. We determine the changes in the financial networks using singular value decomposition entropy and von Neumann entropy. The results indicate that unexpected positive shocks in monetary policy shocks lead to lower entropy. The results are robust to varying the window size used to construct financial networks, though they also depend on the type of entropy used.
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von Wolff, Michael, Claus Yding Andersen, Teresa K. Woodruff, and Frank Nawroth. "FertiPROTEKT, Oncofertility Consortium and the Danish Fertility-Preservation Networks – What Can We Learn From Their Experiences?" Clinical Medicine Insights: Reproductive Health 13 (January 2019): 117955811984586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179558119845865.

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Fertility preservation is an increasingly important discipline. It requires close coordination between reproductive medicine specialists, reproductive biologists, and oncologists in various disciplines. In addition, it represents a particular health policy challenge, since fertility-protection measures are to be understood as a treatment for side effects of gonadotoxic treatments and would therefore normally have to be reimbursed by health insurance companies. Therefore, it is inevitable that fertility-preservation activities should organise themselves into a network structure both as a medical-logistic network and as a professional medical society. The necessary network structures can differ significantly at regional, national, and international level, as the size of the regions to be integrated and the local cultural and geographical conditions, as well as the political conditions are very different. To address these issues, the current review aims to point out the basic importance and the chances but also the difficulties of fertility-protection networks and give practical guidance for the development of such network structures. We will not only discuss network structures theoretically but also present them based on three established, different sized networks, such as the Danish Network ( www.rigshospitalet.dk ), representing a centralised network in a small country; the German-Austrian-Swiss network FertiPROTEKT® ( www.fertiprotekt.com ), representing a centralised as well as decentralised network in a large country; and the Oncofertility® Consortium ( www.oncofertility.northwestern.edu ), representing a decentralised, internationally oriented network, primarily serving the transfer of knowledge among its members.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Policy network size"

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Malekzadeh, Ali. "Measurement of transit network accessibility based on access stop choice behaviour." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/89767/8/Ali%20Malekzadah%20Thesis.pdf.

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This research improved the measurement of public transport accessibility by capturing; travellers' behaviour; diversity of public transport mode; and the subjectivity of travellers' decision in the complex transport networks. The results of this research not only highlighted the importance of considering public transport network characteristics but also, revealed the impact of public transport diversity in the modelling of public transport accessibility. The research developed a hybrid discrete choice model with a nested logit structure to treat the correlation among the public transport mode choices and, a logit correction factor to rectify the correlation among the stop choices.
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Millar, Ronald B. "Coalition Networks and Policy Learning: Interest Groups on the Losing Side of Legal Change." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30074.

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Network, organizational, and policy learning literatures indicate that when interest groups face failure they will seek out alternative ideas and strategies that will enhance their potential for future success. Research with regard to interest groups and legal change has found that interest groups, using arguments that were once accepted as the legal standard for Supreme Court decisions, were unwilling or unable to alter their arguments when the Court reversed its position on these legal standards. This research project examined the conflicting findings of these literatures. Using the Advocacy Coalition Framework as a guide, this project studied the separationist advocacy coalition in cases regarding state aid to elementary and secondary sectarian schools from 1971 to 2002. The legal briefs filed by members of the separationist advocacy coalition with the Court were examined using content analysis to track changes in their legal arguments. Elite interviews were then conducted to gain an understanding of the rationale for results found in the content analysis. The research expectation was that the separationist advocacy coalition would seek out and incorporate into their briefs new and innovative legal arguments to promote their policy goals. The research results demonstrated that prior to legal change interest groups did seek out and incorporate new legal arguments borrowed from other fora and sought to expand or reinterpret established legal arguments to better aid their policy goals. The changes that seemed to have the potential for adoption by the Court were quickly incorporated into the briefs of the other members of the coalition. Following legal change interest groups continued to analyze the decisions of the Court in order to seek out the best possible legal arguments to use in their briefs; however, the main focus of legal arguments examined and used by the coalition narrowed to those cited by the swing justice in the funding cases. Two innovative arguments were developed, but were either ignored or considered unsuitable, and were not used by the other members of the coalition. Counter to this project's research expectations new and innovative legal arguments were not adopted by the coalition. As the Court discontinued the use of various legal arguments the coalition quickly responded to these changes and dropped those obsolete legal arguments. Therefore, contrary to prior research, the interest groups and the coalition altered their arguments following legal change. Only those interest groups who no longer participated in coalition discussions reverted back to using pre-legal change arguments. Learning continued to occur in the coalition following legal change; however, the focus of analysis and the pool of arguments deemed worthy of use narrowed considerably.
Ph. D.
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Adams, Ashley Adams. "Examining the Cultural and Historical Impact of the National Historic Site Designation in Nicodemus, Kansas." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2708.

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America's National Historic Preservation Act promotes the conservation of irreplaceable sites such as Nicodemus, Kansas, an African American town founded by former slaves in 1877. The collaboration of the National Park Service (NPS) and civic partners is essential to meet the goal of preserving historic properties in Nicodemus and other minority communities. Although the NPS designated 5 Nicodemus buildings as a National Historic Site (NHS) in 1996, the few remaining residents struggle to preserve the site and attract visitors. The purpose of this ethnographic study was to explore the effects of NPS policies related to African American historic and cultural preservation. Research questions focused on the consequences of the NHS designation in Nicodemus and options for NPS policy improvement. This study was inspired by Innes and Booher's theory of complex adaptive systems and consensus building. Data were collected through interviews with 11 residents, educators, and representatives of the NPS. These data were inductively coded and then subjected to thematic analysis. Key findings indicate concerns about limited resources, NPS open competition hiring policies that do not promote the long-term employment of Nicodemus descendant-residents in spite of their ability to recount oral histories, a need for cross-cultural training in the NPS, and the inadequate promotion of the Nicodemus NHS. This study may lead to positive social change by emphasizing the need for the NPS to collaborate with the descendants and long-term residents of rural communities to preserve the historical legacy of African Americans and emphasize the strength of our nation's diversity.
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Drew, Judith L. "Employment networks the supply side of the Ticket to Work-Work Incentives Improvement Act (PL 105-170) /." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117591316.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xix, 210 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-170). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Killey, Grahame. "Sub-national government in Yorkshire and Humberside and the structural funds after 1988 : partnership within an emerging policy network or a side-show in a state-centric system?" Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286568.

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Aldabbas, Hamza. "Securing data dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/7987.

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Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a subclass of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) in which the mobile nodes are vehicles; these vehicles are autonomous systems connected by wireless communication on a peer-to-peer basis. They are self-organized, self-configured and self-controlled infrastructure-less networks. This kind of network has the advantage of being able to be set-up and deployed anywhere and anytime because it has no infrastructure set-up and no central administration. Distributing information between these vehicles over long ranges in such networks, however, is a very challenging task, since sharing information always has a risk attached to it especially when the information is confidential. The disclosure of such information to anyone else other than the intended parties could be extremely damaging, particularly in military applications where controlling the dissemination of messages is essential. This thesis therefore provides a review of the issue of security in VANET and MANET; it also surveys existing solutions for dissemination control. It highlights a particular area not adequately addressed until now: controlling information flow in VANETs. This thesis contributes a policy-based framework to control the dissemination of messages communicated between nodes in order to ensure that message remains confidential not only during transmission, but also after it has been communicated to another peer, and to keep the message contents private to an originator-defined subset of nodes in the VANET. This thesis presents a novel framework to control data dissemination in vehicle ad hoc networks in which policies are attached to messages as they are sent between peers. This is done by automatically attaching policies along with messages to specify how the information can be used by the receiver, so as to prevent disclosure of the messages other than consistent with the requirements of the originator. These requirements are represented as a set of policy rules that explicitly instructs recipients how the information contained in messages can be disseminated to other nodes in order to avoid unintended disclosure. This thesis describes the data dissemination policy language used in this work; and further describes the policy rules in order to be a suitable and understandable language for the framework to ensure the confidentiality requirement of the originator. This thesis also contributes a policy conflict resolution that allows the originator to be asked for up-to-date policies and preferences. The framework was evaluated using the Network Simulator (NS-2) to provide and check whether the privacy and confidentiality of the originators’ messages were met. A policy-based agent protocol and a new packet structure were implemented in this work to manage and enforce the policies attached to packets at every node in the VANET. Some case studies are presented in this thesis to show how data dissemination can be controlled based on the policy of the originator. The results of these case studies show the feasibility of our research to control the data dissemination between nodes in VANETs. NS-2 is also used to test the performance of the proposed policy-based agent protocol and demonstrate its effectiveness using various network performance metrics (average delay and overhead).
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Books on the topic "Policy network size"

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Maze, T. H. Policy issues of an Iowa longer combination vehicle network. Ames, IA: Midwest Transportation Center, Iowa State University, 1994.

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Bhattarai, Keshab. The division and size of gains from liberalization in service networks. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.

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The Chemical Safety Information and Site Security Act of 1999: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Health and Environment of the Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, first session, on H.R. 1790, May 19 and 26, 1999. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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Hu, Zhaoguang. Integrated Resource Strategic Planning and Power Demand-Side Management. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Söke, Dinkla, Brockhaus Christoph fl 1975-, Kultur Ruhr, and Duisburg (Germany), eds. Connected cities: Kunstprozesse im urbanen Netz : Wilhelm Lehmbruck Museum Duisburg und ausgewählte Standorte der Industriekultur : 20. Juni bis 1. August '99 = processes of art in the urban network : Wilhelm Lehmbruck Museum Duisburg and selected sites of industrial culture. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 1999.

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Klabunde, Anna. Computational Economic Modeling of Migration. Edited by Shu-Heng Chen, Mak Kaboudan, and Ye-Rong Du. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.013.41.

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In this chapter an agent-based model of endogenously evolving migrant networks is developed to find and estimate the size of determinants of migration and return decisions. Individuals are connected by links, the strength of which declines over time and distance. Methodologically speaking, this chapter combines parameterization using data from the Mexican Migration Project with calibration. It is shown that expected earnings, an idiosyncratic home bias, network ties to other migrants, strength of links to the home country, and age have a significant impact on circular migration patterns over time. The model can reproduce spatial patterns of migration as well as the distribution of the number of trips of migrants. It can also be used for computational experiments and policy analysis.
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Borrás, Susana, and Charles Edquist. Holistic Innovation Policy. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809807.001.0001.

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This book is about holistic innovation policy: its theoretical foundations, its problem-oriented approach, and its instrument choices. We start with the observation that most of the current innovation policies are not holistic because they only focus on a few determinants of innovation processes. This book provides a theoretically anchored foundation for the design of holistic innovation policy by identifying the core policy problems that tend to afflict the activities of innovation systems, including the unintended consequences of policy itself. This is a necessary stepping stone for the identification of viable, relevant, and down-to-earth policy solutions. The book also offers a critical analysis of policy instruments and their choice in innovation policy design. It is not a ‘recipe’ nor a ‘how-to’ guide. Instead, it provides analytical depth and substantial considerations about the ways in which policy might be providing solutions to problems in systems of innovation. After introducing its conceptual framework about innovation and innovation policy, the book delves into the following areas of innovation policy-making: knowledge production and research and development; education, training, and skills development; functional procurement as demand-side; change of organizations through entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship; interaction and innovation networks; changing institutions and regulations; and the public financing of early stage innovations. Its critical and novel perspective serves policy-makers, scholars, and anyone interested in the design of innovation policy. The summary chapter (Chapter 12) can be read independently of the rest of the book.
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Sørensen, Bjørn Bo, Christian Estmann, Enilde Francisco Sarmento, and John Rand. Economic complexity and structural transformation: the case of Mozambique. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/898-6.

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Mozambique is among the world’s least complex economies. By systematically accounting for both supply- and demand-side factors, we identify new products and sectors that can help to diversify and upgrade its economy. In a supply-side analysis, we use network methods from the literature on economic complexity to identify a set of target products that are complex, require productive capabilities useful in the export of other products, and are close to Mozambique’s existing productive structure. In a demand-side analysis, we use gravity models to predict the export potential of target products and markets given product-specific trade resistance and geographically dispersed demand. The broad sectoral focus of Mozambique’s industrial policy is largely consistent with structural transformation and export promotion. The current prioritization of agriculture, agro-industry, and metals is especially important, while there are unexploited opportunities in machinery, vehicles, and transport equipment. We find some potential for Mozambique to export target products to neighbouring countries.
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Connected cities: Processes of art in the urban network. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 1999.

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Druckrey, Timothy, Olaf Breuning, and Eric Kluitenberg. Connected Cities: Processes of Art in the Urban Network. Hatje Cantz Publishers, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Policy network size"

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Seitzer, Helen. "Finding the Poster Child: Reference Patterns in OECD Country Reports." In Global Dynamics of Social Policy, 163–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78885-8_6.

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AbstractIn Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-78885-8_6, Helen Seitzer seeks to find the origin of the OECD’s ‘model education system’ by analyzing country reports on education. Through these reports and the corresponding policy advice, the OECD is contributing considerably to the diffusion of a transnational model of education. However, critics argue that one size does not fit all, and the policy advice distributed might not benefit all countries equally; this is due to their specific local conditions as well as the ‘model education system’s’ origin. In this chapter, Seitzer explores a reference network in OECD publications to detect where the education systems most referenced are located. Furthermore, she determines if reference patterns are regionally clustered or if references transcend all geographical and cultural boundaries.
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Xhindi, Nevila, and Blerjana Bino. "Removing Political Barriers to Engagement: The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Albania." In The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Europe, 67–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86005-9_4.

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AbstractThis chapter analyzes Albania’s policy advisory system focusing on the advisory roles of political scientists. Albania’s political science discipline is relatively new, as it has mainly developed since the turn of the century. After exploring how the policy development process happens and how different factors may hinder the demand for Albania’s policy advice, this chapter considers political scientists’ role within the national context. Political barriers limit the role of political scientists in the policy process. In general, Albanian political scientists do engage in policy advice, but not in a structured and well-organized way. Mostly it is informal and based on a network of connections. Also, in the Albanian system, they have little incentives for such engagement external to their university work. Political scientists engage in policy advice more with societal actors than directly with legislative or executive institutions and officials. Future research may include the demand side of policy advice to understand the role of political scientists better and provide clues for their future engagement.
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Pappas, Christoforos, Nicolas Bélanger, Yves Bergeron, Olivier Blarquez, Han Y. H. Chen, Philip G. Comeau, Louis De Grandpré, et al. "Smartforests Canada: A Network of Monitoring Plots for Forest Management Under Environmental Change." In Climate-Smart Forestry in Mountain Regions, 521–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80767-2_16.

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AbstractMonitoring of forest response to gradual environmental changes or abrupt disturbances provides insights into how forested ecosystems operate and allows for quantification of forest health. In this chapter, we provide an overview of Smartforests Canada, a national-scale research network consisting of regional investigators who support a wealth of existing and new monitoring sites. The objectives of Smartforests are threefold: (1) establish and coordinate a network of high-precision monitoring plots across a 4400 km gradient of environmental and forest conditions, (2) synthesize the collected multivariate observations to examine the effects of global changes on complex above- and belowground forest dynamics and resilience, and (3) analyze the collected data to guide the development of the next-generation forest growth models and inform policy-makers on best forest management and adaptation strategies. We present the methodological framework implemented in Smartforests to fulfill the aforementioned objectives. We then use an example from a temperate hardwood Smartforests site in Quebec to illustrate our approach for climate-smart forestry. We conclude by discussing how information from the Smartforests network can be integrated with existing data streams, from within Canada and abroad, guiding forest management and the development of climate change adaptation strategies.
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Poongodi, C., and A. M. Natarajan. "Buffer Managed Multiple Replication Strategy Using Knapsack Policy for Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 1–22. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4715-2.ch001.

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Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks (ICMNs) are a kind of wireless network where, due to mobility of nodes and lack of connectivity, there may be disconnections among the nodes for a long time. To deal with such networks, store-carry-forward method is adopted for routing. This method buffers the messages in each node for a long time until a forwarding opportunity comes. Multiple replications are made for each message. It results in an increase in network overhead and high resource consumption because of uncontrolled replications. Uncontrolled replications are done due to lack of global knowledge about the messages and the forwarding nodes. The authors introduce a new simple scheme that applies knapsack policy-based replication strategy while replicating the messages residing in a node buffer. The numbers of replications are controlled by appropriately selecting messages based on the total count on replications already made and the message size. In addition, the messages are selected for forwarding based on the relay node goodness in contacting the destination and the remaining buffer size of that relay node. Therefore, useful replications are made based on the dynamic environment of a network, and it reduces the network overhead, resource consumption, delivery delay, and in turn, increases the delivery ratio.
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Carlson, Taylor N., Marisa Abrajano, and Lisa García Bedolla. "Political Discussion Networks and Information." In Talking Politics, 96–116. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190082116.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 examines the relationship among network characteristics, political knowledge, and policy attitudes by ethnorace, nativity, and gender. While we are unable to distinguish between selection and social influence, we uncover some interesting patterns. Network size is positively associated with political knowledge for both men and women, but we observe variation by ethnorace and nativity. Network size is not associated with political knowledge among Latinos, and discussion frequency is not associated with political knowledge among Blacks, Latinos, or Whites. Discussion frequency is positively associated with political knowledge among both the U.S. and foreign born, but network size is only associated with political knowledge among the U.S. born. For policy attitudes, we explored two issues that are important for marginalized ethnoracial group members: environmental policy and social justice policy. We find substantial variation in the relationship between network characteristics and policy preferences among the ethnoracial groups in the sample.
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Him, Leo Tan Wee, and R. Subramaniam. "E-Commerce as a Business Enabler for Small and Medium Size Enterprises." In e-Business, e-Government & Small and Medium-Size Enterprises, 65–90. IGI Global, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-202-2.ch004.

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The new economy is posing challenges for countries to enhance their competitiveness through IP-based business initiatives. A key strategy is to get small and medium-size enterprises to be part of the e-commerce ecosystem. Singapore has put in place an advanced digital telecommunications network as well as the necessary regulatory and policy frameworks for the support of e-businesses. In this chapter, the status of e-commerce developments among small and medium size enterprises in Singapore is assessed. It is noted that, whilst these enterprises still have quite a way to go in terms of emulating e-business practices, market developments will force many of them to adopt e-commerce practices in due course. State intervention strategies are also especially imperative in getting promising enterprises as well as others in growth sectors to come on board the e-commerce platform.
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Daneshfar, Fatemeh, and Vafa Maihami. "Distributed Learning Algorithm Applications to the Scheduling of Wireless Sensor Networks." In Mobile Computing and Wireless Networks, 1049–81. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8751-6.ch045.

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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network of devices denoted as nodes that can sense the environment and communicate gathered data, through wireless medium to a sink node. It is a wireless network with low power consumption, small size, and reasonable price which has a variety of applications in monitoring and tracking. However, WSN is characterized by constrained energy because its nodes are battery-powered and energy recharging is difficult in most of applications. Also the reduction of energy consumption often introduces additional latency of data delivery. To address this, many scheduling approaches have been proposed. In this paper, the authors discuss the applicability of Reinforcement Learning (RL) towards multiple access design in order to reduce energy consumption and to achieve low latency in WSNs. In this learning strategy, an agent would become knowledgeable in making actions through interacting with the environment. As a result of rewards in response to the actions, the agent asymptotically reaches the optimal policy. This policy maximizes the long-term expected return value of the agent.
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Daneshfar, Fatemeh, and Vafa Maihami. "Distributed Learning Algorithm Applications to the Scheduling of Wireless Sensor Networks." In Handbook of Research on Novel Soft Computing Intelligent Algorithms, 860–91. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4450-2.ch028.

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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network of devices denoted as nodes that can sense the environment and communicate gathered data, through wireless medium to a sink node. It is a wireless network with low power consumption, small size, and reasonable price which has a variety of applications in monitoring and tracking. However, WSN is characterized by constrained energy because its nodes are battery-powered and energy recharging is difficult in most of applications. Also the reduction of energy consumption often introduces additional latency of data delivery. To address this, many scheduling approaches have been proposed. In this paper, the authors discuss the applicability of Reinforcement Learning (RL) towards multiple access design in order to reduce energy consumption and to achieve low latency in WSNs. In this learning strategy, an agent would become knowledgeable in making actions through interacting with the environment. As a result of rewards in response to the actions, the agent asymptotically reaches the optimal policy. This policy maximizes the long-term expected return value of the agent.
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Schuppan, Tino. "Local Level Structural Change and E Government in Germany." In Handbook of Research on Strategies for Local E-Government Adoption and Implementation, 17–36. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-282-4.ch002.

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This chapter addresses the link between e-government, organizational networks related to it, and the possibilities for structural reform of local-level public administration. In the general discussion, e government is often reduced to the electronic delivery of services. However, the most important potential of e-government can only be realized if new ICT solutions are used for inter-organizational network-oriented work structures. Examples of various forms of such networks exist worldwide and are commonly used to increase citizen orientation and/or to improve efficiency. However, the fact that these networks can have a deeper impact upon the organization of the traditional state is often neglected. Even the macro-organization of a state may be affected; this will be the focus of this chapter. It aims to analyze and explore whether new ICT-enabled networks make it possible to change the size of an administrative jurisdiction or even eliminate levels of government. Using the German situation as an example, the main argument of this chapter is that in the e-government era, the amalgamation of municipalities is no longer an adequate reform policy.
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Cotterill, Sarah. "Local E-Government Partnerships." In Handbook of Research on Strategies for Local E-Government Adoption and Implementation, 105–21. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-282-4.ch006.

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In the United Kingdom and throughout the world there is increasing emphasis on public sector organizations working together in local partnerships. Partnerships can potentially encourage the delivery of joined-up services to citizens, promote democracy, and improve public policy making, but partnership working is not always easy and can be challenging for the individuals and organisations involved. This chapter will report on recent research into how English local authorities and their partners work together on electronic government. The research is based on a systematic literature review and a case study of a sub-regional e-government partnership, using a mixed methods approach combining social network analysis with qualitative interviews. The research identifies the importance of network structure to e-government partnerships and explores a number of other significant themes including leadership, accountability, embeddedness, and size of organization.
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Conference papers on the topic "Policy network size"

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Jin, Cancan, Xinyu Feng, and Qingni Shen. "Fully Secure Hidden Ciphertext Policy Attribute-Based Encryption with Short Ciphertext Size." In ICCNS '16: 6th International Conference on Communication and Network Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3017971.3017981.

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Fadhlurrahman Pribadi, Kemal, Ridha Muldina Negara, and Leanna Vidya Yovita. "Impact of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Content Store Size Allocation on Cache Placement Policy For Named Data Network." In 2022 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Wireless and Mobile (APWiMob). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apwimob56856.2022.10014069.

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Cuccu, Giuseppe, Julian Togelius, and Philippe Cudré-Mauroux. "Playing Atari with Six Neurons (Extended Abstract)." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/651.

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Deep reinforcement learning applied to vision-based problems like Atari games maps pixels directly to actions; internally, the deep neural network bears the responsibility of both extracting useful information and making decisions based on it. By separating image processing from decision-making, one could better understand the complexity of each task, as well as potentially find smaller policy representations that are easier for humans to understand and may generalize better. To this end, we propose a new method for learning policies and compact state representations separately but simultaneously for policy approximation in reinforcement learning. State representations are generated by an encoder based on two novel algorithms: Increasing Dictionary Vector Quantization makes the encoder capable of growing its dictionary size over time, to address new observations; and Direct Residuals Sparse Coding encodes observations by aiming for highest information inclusion. We test our system on a selection of Atari games using tiny neural networks of only 6 to 18 neurons (depending on the game's controls). These are still capable of achieving results comparable---and occasionally superior---to state-of-the-art techniques which use two orders of magnitude more neurons.
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Ponce, João Pedro Poloni, and Ricardo Suyama. "Study of Convolutional Neural Networks applied to Image Stereo Matching." In Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sibgrapi.est.2020.13005.

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Stereo images are images formed from two or more sources that capture the same scene so that it is possible to infer the depth of the scene under analysis. The use of convolutional neural networks to compute these images has been shown to be a viable alternative due to its speed in finding the correspondence between the images. This raises questions related to the influence of structural parameters, such as size of kernel, stride and pooling policy on the performance of the neural network. To this end, this work sought to reproduce an article that deals with the topic and to explore the influence of the parameters mentioned above in function of the results of error rate and losses of the neural model. The results obtained reveal improvements. The influence of the parameters on the training time of the models was also notable, even using the GPU, the temporal difference in the training period between the maximum and minimum limits reached a ratio of six times.
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Calzavara, Stefano, Tobias Urban, Dennis Tatang, Marius Steffens, and Ben Stock. "Reining in the Web's Inconsistencies with Site Policy." In Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. Reston, VA: Internet Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2021.23091.

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Squicciarini, Anna Cinzia, William McGill, Giuseppe Petracca, and Shuo Huang. "Early Detection of Policies Violations in a Social Media Site: A Bayesian Belief Network Approach." In 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks - POLICY. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/policy.2012.19.

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Tannous, Heba T., Mark David Major, and Raffaello Furlan. "Accessibilty of public urban green spaces within the spatial metropolitan network of Doha, Qatar." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/kuxq1422.

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Most people regard green spaces as a necessity to enhance the physical health and psychological well-being of residents in promoting the general health and welfare of citizens and the environment (Röbbel, 2016). In the Modern Era, the availability of green spaces has become an integral component of urban planning for sustaining the quality of life in city environments, especially since the dawn of the 20th century. Due to globalization in rapidly-developing cities around the world, studies about green spaces are becoming an increasingly important part of the urban planning process (Mitchell and Popham, 2007). Accessibility can play an essential role in determining the location of green public facilities to maximize their usability for large populations, or otherwise limit use to a smaller community (Ottensmann and Greg, 2008). However, some public green spaces are inefficiently located or distributed in urban environments (Beatley, 2000, Gehl, 2010, Gehl and Svarre, 2013). In this paper, the accessibility of urban green spaces means the ease of reaching such locations from many origins within the urban spatial network from the macro- to the micro-scale. The inaccessibility or absence of green spaces in some urban areas is a notable consequence of rapid urbanization in many cities around the world. It is especially noticeable in the capital city of Doha in the State of Qatar, where rapid urban expansion and globalization has had a significant impact on the quality and quantity of green spaces available (Salama and Wiedmann, 2013a). The paper utilizes the network analysis techniques of space syntax to objectively investigate the accessibility of urban green parks and promenades in the metropolitan region of Doha (Penn et al., 1998, Hillier et al., 1993, Hillier and Hanson, 1984). At the heart of the paper is the question, does the size and location of urban green spaces follow a discernible spatial logic in terms of accessibility, linked to the design intent of public planning policies? Some findings in the paper indicate there is distinctive spatial and social logic to the physical and spatial characteristics of urban green spaces above a certain size in terms of metric area. In contrast, these characteristics in smaller urban green spaces tend to be more random, primarily due to issues of land availability and amenity provision in private developments. We conclude by discussing the potential implications of the study for public planning policy about green urbanism in the State of Qatar and other rapidly urbanizing cities around the world
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Lan, Li-Cheng, Wei Li, Ting-Han Wei, and I.-Chen Wu. "Multiple Policy Value Monte Carlo Tree Search." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/653.

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Many of the strongest game playing programs use a combination of Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) and deep neural networks (DNN), where the DNNs are used as policy or value evaluators. Given a limited budget, such as online playing or during the self-play phase of AlphaZero (AZ) training, a balance needs to be reached between accurate state estimation and more MCTS simulations, both of which are critical for a strong game playing agent. Typically, larger DNNs are better at generalization and accurate evaluation, while smaller DNNs are less costly, and therefore can lead to more MCTS simulations and bigger search trees with the same budget. This paper introduces a new method called the multiple policy value MCTS (MPV-MCTS), which combines multiple policy value neural networks (PV-NNs) of various sizes to retain advantages of each network, where two PV-NNs f_S and f_L are used in this paper. We show through experiments on the game NoGo that a combined f_S and f_L MPV-MCTS outperforms single PV-NN with policy value MCTS, called PV-MCTS. Additionally, MPV-MCTS also outperforms PV-MCTS for AZ training.
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Haipeng Li, Hidenori Nakazato, Andrea Detti, and Nicola Blefari Melazzi. "Popularity Proportional Cache Size Allocation policy for video delivery on CCN." In 2015 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eucnc.2015.7194113.

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Wang, Peng, Yu Liu, Zhelong Zhao, Ke Zhou, Zhihai Huang, and Yanxiong Chen. "Adaptive Size-Aware Cache Insertion Policy for Content Delivery Networks." In 2022 IEEE 40th International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccd56317.2022.00037.

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Reports on the topic "Policy network size"

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Dudoit, Alain, Molivann Panot, and Thierry Warin. Towards a multi-stakeholder Intermodal Trade-Transportation Data-Sharing and Knowledge Exchange Network. CIRANO, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/mvne7282.

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The performance of supply chains used to be mainly the concern of academics and professionals who studied the potential efficiencies and risks associated with this aspect of globalisation. In 2021, major disruptions in this critical sector of our economies are making headlines and attracting the attention of policy makers around the world. Supply chain bottlenecks create shortages, fuel inflation, and undermine economic recovery. This report provides a transversal and multidisciplinary analysis of the challenges and opportunities regarding data interoperability and data sharing as they relate to the ‘Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Seaway Trade Corridor’ (GLSLTC)’s intermodal transportation and trade data strategy. The size and scope of this trade corridor are only matched by the complexity of its multimodal freight transportation systems and growing urbanization on both sides of the Canada-US border. This complexity is exacerbated by the lack of data interoperability and effective collaborations between the different stakeholders within the various jurisdictions and amongst them. Our analytical work relies on : 1) A review of the relevant documentation on the latest challenges to supply chains (SC), intermodal freight transport and international trade, identifying any databases that are to be used.; 2) A comparative review of selected relevant initiatives to give insights into the best practices in digital supply chains implemented in Canada, the United States, and the European Union.; 3) Interviews and discussions with experts from Transport Canada, Statistics Canada, the Canadian Centre on Transportation Data (CCTD) and Global Affairs Canada, as well as with CIRANO’s research community and four partner institutions to identify databases and data that they use in their research related to transportation and trade relevant data availabilities and methodologies as well as joint research opportunities. Its main findings can be summarized as follow: GLSLTC is characterized by its critical scale, complexity, and strategic impact as North America’s most vital trade corridor in the foreseeable further intensification of continental trade. 4% of Canadian GDP is attributed to the Transportation and Logistics sector (2018): $1 trillion of goods moved every year: Goods and services imports are equivalent to 33% of Canada’s GDP and goods and services exports equivalent to 32%. The transportation sector is a key contributor to the achievement of net-zero emissions commitment by 2050. All sectors of the Canadian economy are affected by global supply chain disruptions. Uncertainty and threats extend well beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic. “De-globalization” and increasing supply chains regionalization pressures are mounting. Innovation and thus economic performance—increasingly hinges on the quantity and quality of data. Data is transforming Canada’s economy/society and is now at the center of global trade “Transport data is becoming less available: Canada needs to make data a priority for a national transportation strategy.” * “How the Government of Canada collects, manages, and governs data—and how it accesses and shares data with other governments, sectors, and Canadians—must change.”
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Gupta, Aditya, Tong Wang, Shruthi Ravi, Mesbah Talukder, Jessie Carviel, and Mary Bamimore. Relative efficacy of microneedling in the treatment of pattern hair loss: a protocol for a systematic review with network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0042.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of the proposed study is to determine the relative efficacy of microneedling and combination of it and other agents for androgenetic alopecia (AGA)—a condition that is also referred to as pattern hair loss. Rationale: Pattern hair loss is one of the most common forms of hair loss in men and women; the condition is associated with decreased quality of life. Oral finasteride and topical minoxidil are treatments currently approved, by the United States Food and Drug Administration, for AGA. However, finasteride has been associated with significant side effects in men, and is not appropriate for women of childbearing potential. Furthermore, topical minoxidil requires daily prolonged use which is time-consuming for patients and requires high compliance to maintain efficacy. Due to these drawbacks, new treatments, such as microneedling, have been investigated. Microneedling involves the creation of small wounds on the scalp that prompt growth factor release and neovascularization—which, in turn, may promote hair growth. Microneedling has been used as a monotherapy—or in combination with other standard therapies—for the treatment of AGA. Further investigation through meta-analysis is salient as this quantitative technique can estimate the relative success of mono- and poly-therapy with microneedling; therefore, findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis on the comparative effectiveness can enable clinicians, patients, and researchers to make more informed decisions.
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Protecting the DRC’s Forest: Protected Areas for People and Planet. Rights and Resources Initiative, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/qzre2607.

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The DRC is home to some of the world’s most important forests and biomes, so reducing deforestation quickly and efficiently is an important part of global climate change mitigation. This paper aims to help by estimating the potential cost of compensating people affected by the proposed expansion while respecting the principles of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC). It provides a set of basic recommendations that might help to reduce physical and economic displacement through site selection, policy design and alternatives to protected areas. By treating local peoples as partners in these protected area initiatives, those establishing and maintaining protected area networks can cut costs and speed up implementation.
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