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Satispi, Evi, and Muhammad Taslim. "FORMULATION OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY FOR YOUTH IN SOUTH TANGERANG CITY." Kolaborasi : Jurnal Administrasi Publik 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 333–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/kjap.v5i3.2700.
Social problems in youth become a matter that is always considered and reviewed by the government for the development of the personality of these young people. This study aims to analyze the policy formulation of Regional Regulation No. 1 of 2019 concerning Youth Development in South Tangerang. Youth Development Policy Formulation departs from youth issues including unemployment, youth behavior that is at risk of crime, thuggery, and drug abuse, there is no legal umbrella governing youth development in the city of southern Tangerang and youth infrastructure. The method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. This research uses the theory of the Riant Nugroho formulation stage, while the stages start from policy issues, forming a formulation team, pre-policy process, public process 1, formulation of draft 1, public process 2, formulation of draft 2, special focus, final draft and determination of policy . In the policy formulation stages Riant Nugroho prioritizes the stages in formulating a policy regulation or law. The results showed that the stages in formulating youth development policy formulation by the south tangerang city government had been implemented well so as to produce a youth development policy in south tangerang. Not only the stages of formulation that are of concern from the internal side, youth also experience obstacles such as cross-regional Cooperation Organizations that have not been synchronized in terms of youth development and empowerment programs as well as inadequate infrastructure facilities that encourage youth development and empowerment.
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Yanto, Supri, and Hary Yuswadi. "FORMULATION OF VILLAGE HEAD DISCRETION POLICY (Policy Formulation Study in Sumber Lele Village and Kebon Agung Village)." POLITICO 20, no. 1 (March 22, 2020): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32528/politico.v20i1.3032.
This study The purpose of this study is to find out the process of formulating discretionary policies carried out by the village head. The method used in this study is a qualitative study method. The type of study used in this study is the type of descriptive study. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the process of discretion policy formulation carried out by the village head was still not optimal, this is due to the low capacity of the village head as the main actor in the discretion policy formulation process. This can be seen from the lack of ability in discretionary policies, thus affecting the monopoly in the process of formulating discretionary and undemocratic policies, as happened in Kebon Agung Village. Whereas in Sumber Lele Village the conditions are better, because it has involved the parties (stakeholders). Although the parties (stakeholders) which is involved does not yet reflect aspects of democracy and representation, because of the parties (stakeholders) only community and religious leaders were involved.
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Hendrarto, Sri Suwitri, Endang Larasati, and Tri Yuniningsih. "The Importance of Actor’s Role in the Formulation of Local Regulation of Alcoholic Beverages in Magelang City." International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development 8, no. 4 (2022): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.84.2002.
In the context of regional policy formulations, the dominance of actors can be seen from which actors have initiatives in the formulation of regional policies. Actors, who have initiatives on the formulation of a regional policy, generally have a dominant influence in incorporating their agenda into policy’s formulation. This study aims to observe the importance role of actors in the formulation mechanism of local regulatory policies on alcoholic beverages in Magelang City. Research methods are used through qualitative descriptive approaches. With the focus of research is the formulation of regional policies on the rules of alcoholic beverages in Magelang City. In the formulation process, at least involve two groups of actors related, namely Official Policy-Makers and Unofficial Participants. However, in the formulation process of Magelang City Regulation No. 10 in 2016 concerning Control, Supervision and Development of The Circulation and Sale of Alcoholic Beverages does not involve private and community components. In other words, the formulation of regional policy contained in Magelang City Regulation No. 10 in 2016 concerning Control, Supervision and Development of The Circulation and Sale of Alcoholic Beverages uses a top-down policy system approach.
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Reuter, Peter. "Prevalence Estimation and Policy Formulation." Journal of Drug Issues 23, no. 2 (April 1993): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269302300203.
Prevalence estimation has a potentially important role in drug policy decision making. To date, however, it has played only a modest role in decisions at the national level, though it has come to be important in the rhetoric of national drug policy. This limited influence arises from the limited capacities and credibility of the estimates on the one hand and the highly moralistic nature of the policy process surrounding the illicit drug issue on the other. The available numbers are developed either systematically from data sources that have low credibility (self-report) or are developed less systematically from sources that simply are not well understood. Estimates of the number of problematic drug users are most likely to have a significant role in policy making in the near future.
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Rasheed, Fawzia, and Enamul Karim. "STD research and policy formulation." Lancet 355, no. 9211 (April 2000): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)74705-x.
Hawkes, Sarah, Linda Morison, David Mabey, Rosanna Peeling, and Susie Foster. "STD research and policy formulation." Lancet 355, no. 9211 (April 2000): 1275–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)74706-1.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Policy formulation":
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Kupunia, Teona. "Anti-Trafficking Policy Formulation in Georgia Policy Network Analysis." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8404.
“Trafficking” is not a thing. It is not an event. You cannot point a finger at it or take a photograph of it. “Trafficking” is a convenient, simple and useful label attached not to a single phenomenon but to a complex series of states and events that individually may or may not be harmful or wrong.”1Increasing attention has been given to the issue of trafficking in human beings worldwide because it is a gross violation of human dignity and human rights. Hundreds of thousands of women and children are now commodities sold on an international market to be exploited in prostitution, pornography and forced labour. No country is immune because trafficking is a problem that goes beyond national borders. This thesis focuses on the example of one country, namely Georgia, and its position in the fight against trafficking in human beings. The thesis employs a qualitative research strategy and a case study research design. As a developing country, Georgia greatly depends on assistance from various stakeholders from the international community and local civil society. Thus, the thesis examines a network of cooperation for the formulation of anti-trafficking policy with the help of foreign governments, international organizations and local non-governmental organizations. The conclusions drawn from the conducted research can be summarized as follows: anti-trafficking policy is a specific policy area where issue experts having knowledge about various aspects of this phenomenon count as much as establishments possessing political, economic and organizational power. Thus, anti-trafficking policy formulation and development in Georgia can serve as an example of an issue network.
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Mugridge, Karen, and n/a. "Teacher involvement in system policy formulation." University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 1998. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061020.145128.
Policy formulation is a complex process involving many stakeholders. Teacher
involvement in this process is vital if policies are to be successfully implemented at
the classroom level. An understanding of the factors that affect teacher involvement
in policymaking may assist in enhancing teacher involvement in future policy
development.
This study investigated teacher perceptions of their involvement in system po1icy
formulation in relation to eight areas: the complex policy process, political /
economic influences, teacher empowerment and morale, willingness, relationship
with the governing body, opportunities, support / encouragement and
implementation.
Teachers from four primary schools and one high school were involved in the study.
A questionnaire was completed by 68 respondents and a sub-sample of 8 participated
in a semi-structured interview.
The main findings of the study show that teachers are willing to become involved in
the policy process, however, are inhibited by ineffective information flows
(Kennedy: 1992) (Fullan:1994) (Waugh & Godfrey: 1995), lack of support
(Short: 1994), knowledge (Gamoran:1994), and awareness of opportunities
(Pajak:1992).
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McNamara, Michael, University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business, and School of Management. "Policy formulation and the limits of plausibility : a case study of policy formulation in a revenue office." THESIS_CLAB_MAN_MCNamara_M.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/337.
This thesis looks at policy formulation in a Revenue Office over the nine-year period, from 1984 to 1993. It presents a case study that is based on actual events; but, because of the difficulties in reporting on the events in a large organisation without the possible influence of some staff, particularly senior management, it was decided to change the names of the organisation, the people and policies. The thesis is based on an examination of a number of policy initiatives that were 'quilted' together. Its focus is not on the contents of the policies or primarily on their economic success, but on the bureaucratic and stakeholder processes involved in their formulation. The purpose of the thesis is to provide a way of understanding events in organisations that are portrayed or categorised by research as policy formulation. Policy formulation is considered to be a core process in organisations, but it is still poorly understood or explained by current models, particularly those based on a rationalistic view of the world. Many of these models have their roots in economic theory and rationality, which promotes the idea that policy is a fundamental and almost inevitable part of organisation goal attainment. These ideas permeate and structure the theory and depiction of organisations and, hence, the way we understand the nature of the social actions and interactions supporting policy formulation. The thesis rejects the assertion that organisations move in a consistently calculated and logical direction based on goal setting and developing policies to meet objectives. An alternative view is proposed: that policy formulation must be understood within the phenomenon of an organisation where people enact a particular form of social reality. Under this model organisations are created and maintained by social processes that are continually executed by people. In this context, individuals and groups use processes of negotiation and power to manipulate and re-define the meanings attributed to problems and solutions to maintain a perception of consistent and coordinated change and goal attainment in policy formulation. This social practice is an attempt to define reality and maintain legitimacy for the policy changes. Thus, the emphasis is on social processes rather than outcomes, thereby focusing on the development and maintenance of perceptions of problems and solutions. This thesis analyses policy formulation as a distinctive kind of social practice using a case study of policy developments in a revenue office, as a means of explaining the basic nature of ongoing corporate life. The case study explores the way that core revenue office policies, proposed as 'logical' change, were formulated by individuals and groups who constantly used 'legitimising' management models and principles, agenda management, and bargaining and power processes to negotiate, influence, modify and manipulate the perceptions of change. The aim is to explain how policy options were generated in the 'Charisma period', to examine their origins and how they were acted upon, and to develop a set of summary concepts that might be used to understand policy development behaviours. Master of Commerce (Hons)
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McNamara, Michael. "Policy formulation and the limits of plausability : a case study of policy formulation in a revenue office /." View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030410.164044/index.html.
Thesis (M.Com. (Hons.)) -- University of Western Sydney, 2001. "A thesis presented to the School of Management, College of Law and Business, University of Western Sydney for the degree of Master of Commerce (Honours)" Bibliography : leaves 178-192.
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Malik, Ali Khalil. "Essays on monetary policy : formulation and implementation of monetary policy rules." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625463.
Monetary Policy Economics has grown substantially over the recent years. The presentation of a simple monetary policy rule by Professor John Taylor stimulated an enormous amount of research on monetary policy and in particular on the formulation and implementation of the monetary policy rules. Economists have evaluated monetary policy rules and regimes i.e. their feasibility, viability etc. from various dimensions. However research on many of the issues related to monetary policy is still pending. This thesis is organized in the form of a series of essays on monetary policy. This particular field of economics is so dynamic that adhering to a single model or topic for the completion of one's thesis may not prove to be very fruitful. Models and topics intensively examined by researchers have changed rapidly over the recent years. We now no longer see the ad hoc econometric models (which were frequently used in the past) for the evaluation of the monetary policy rules. To keep up with the existing literature and also to examine monetary policy from more than one dimension, I decided to organize this thesis as a collection of essays. I evaluate various monetary policy rules in these essays using simulations, empirical estimation etc. In the context of a closed economy (using simulations) in one essay I examine the viability and preferability of the Taylor rule, nominal income targeting rules and inflation targeting rules. In another two essays in the same context I examine the performance of the monetary policy rules in response to fiscal and asset price bubble shocks. In the open economy context (using simulations) I examine the performance of domestic/CPI inflation targeting rules. In another essay for a closed economy I use a mixture of (empirical) estimation and simulation for examining the impact of shocks in an inflation targeting regime. The essays which are exclusively empirical in nature include one in which I examine the preferences of the policy makers (in terms of the policy regimes) using regime switching policy rules. Another paper in the same category examines the effectiveness of inflation targeting in the UK using a VAR framework. In an open economy context I examine the optimal policy rules in a small estimated macro-econometric model. In a multi-country setting a short paper examines the policy rules (using simulations only) in a two country framework. A final essay examines the determinacy and E-stability of the equilibrium under the Taylor rule and the nominal income targeting rule in a New Keynesian framework. Most of the essays in the thesis utilize some sort of a small dynamic general equilibrium framework for the evaluation of the policy rules. Each essay is designed to be independent from every other essay, so as to be individually accessible to the reader. I very much hope that the essays prove to be useful contributions to the existing literature on monetary policy and will help in stimulating further research on monetary policy.
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Mawhinney, Hanne B. "A political systems strategy to analyze policy formulation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5974.
This thesis considers recycling as one option to improve the environmental performance of industry in the UK. A systems approach is used to identify objectives and capabilities of legislative and industrial agencies and to analyse issues in the broad context of waste policy formulation and implementation which spans both constituencies. It is shown that regulatory change to empower industrialists as decision takers is limited by a shortage of recycling infrastructure in the UK. Although well resourced firms are developing progressive waste policies in house, other firms are less well equipped to respond to regulatory pressures in a manner that is congruent with legislative objectives. An innovative option to develop recycling facilities for construction wastes at a landfill site is assessed, considering the roles of construction firms, skip hauliers and waste managers. An investigation is conducted into the practices employed by construction firms that influence wastes arising and likely changes to such practices. It is shown that pressures on construction firms are leading to some improvements to waste streaming that favour the recycling option. A spatial model of landfill catchment is used to estimate the elasticity of the volume of a given waste type delivered to a landfill site with respect to prices charged at the site and competing facilities. The option to recycle a substantial fraction of construction waste is compared with the null option of continuing to landfill waste without pre-treatment using a comparative cost benefit model. This model shows that, in the case of construction waste, benefits due to extending the working life of a landfill pit can be more significant than revenue effects for waste managers. Whether these benefits justify the costs of recycling is shown to be dependent on characteristics of particular landfill sites and
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Keszi, Joseph M. "Formulation of an ecotourism policy framework for Manitoba." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/MQ32152.pdf.
Fitzsimmons, Colum Michael James. "Land supply and formulation of rural housing policy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244657.
Chan, Yuen Tak-fai Dorothy, and 陳阮德徽. "A study of transport policy formulation in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231767.
Askari, Hossein, Zamir Iqbal, and Abbas Mirakhor. Challenges in Economic and Financial Policy Formulation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137381996.
Mehta, Aasha Kapur, B. Venkatappiah, and R. K. Tiwari. Public policy and administration: Formulation, implementation, and evaluation. Edited by Indian Institute of Public Administration. New Delhi: Indian Institute of Public Administration, 2012.
McCormick, John. "Policy Formulation." In Environmental Policy in the European Union, 95–122. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-333-98557-1_5.
Demir, Fatih. "Policy Formulation." In Public Policy Making in Turkey, 85–160. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68715-1_3.
Hill, Michael, and Frédéric Varone. "Policy formulation." In The Public Policy Process, 177–205. 8th ed. Eighth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003010203-11.
Xiol Y Ferreira, Elisa Helena, Andrew Jordan, and John Turnpenny. "Policy Formulation Tools." In The Routledge Handbook of Policy Tools, 173–84. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003163954-18.
Howlett, Michael, and Ishani Mukherjee. "Policy formulation styles." In The Routledge Handbook of Policy Styles, 259–72. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge international handbooks: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429286322-27.
Mclaren, Susan V. "Policy Formulation and Enactment." In Environment, Ethics and Cultures, 133–52. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-938-8_9.
Karacaoglu, Girol, Jacek B. Krawczyk, and Anita King. "Viability Theory for Policy Formulation." In Intergenerational Wellbeing and Public Policy, 159–219. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6104-3_6.
Araya, Juan Pablo. "Bureaucratic Influence in Policy Formulation." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 619–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_3176.
Araya, Juan Pablo. "Bureaucratic Influence in Policy Formulation." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3176-1.
Besse, Geo. "Policy Formulation: The IATA Position." In Taking Stock of Air Liberalization, 161–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5077-8_11.
Conference papers on the topic "Policy formulation":
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Wijaya, Andy Fefta, Darwin Abd Radjak, Sumartono, and M. R. Khairul Muluk. "Formulation of New Autonomic Regional Policy Making Process." In 3rd Annual International Conference on Public and Business Administration (AICoBPA 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210928.058.
Sarkar, Saibal, and Suvrojit Das. "Secure e-Governance: From observation to policy formulation." In 2015 Third International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciip.2015.7414767.
Yani, Fitri, Alvi Syahrin, Madiasa Ablisar, and M. Syahputra. "Policy Formulation Regarding Psychological Action Against Juvenile Offenders." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Law, Economic, Governance, ICOLEG 2021, 29-30 June 2021, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.29-6-2021.2312614.
Akmal, Artha Dini, and Pratiwi Nurhabibi. "Academic Manuscript in the Formulation of Nagari Rules." In International Conference on Public Administration, Policy and Governance (ICPAPG 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200305.211.
Villa Alvarez, Diana. "A case of design-enabled public policy formulation process." In DRS2022: Bilbao. Design Research Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.448.
Trihandini, Dyah. "Policy Formulation Concerning Accelerate Development of Electric Motor Vehicles." In International Conference For Democracy and National Resilience (ICDNR 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211221.002.
Muttaqin, Andhyka. "Formulation of Allocation Policy on Twenty Percent of Education Budget." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of Business and Public Administration (AICoBPA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aicobpa-18.2019.7.
Hariani, Dyah, Herbasuki Nurcahyanto, and Aufarul Marom. "Analysis of Investment Policy Formulation in Pekalongan Regency during Pandemic." In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Social and Political Enquiries, ICISPE 2021, 14-15 September 2021, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.28-10-2022.177279.
Sinha, Ankur, Pekka Malo, and Kalyanmoy Deb. "Transportation policy formulation as a multi-objective bilevel optimization problem." In 2015 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2015.7257085.
Abouheaf, Mohammed I., Frank L. Lewis, and Magdi S. Mahmoud. "Differential graphical games: Policy iteration solutions and coupled Riccati formulation." In 2014 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecc.2014.6862473.
Howlett, Michael, and Jeremy Rayner. Patching vs Packaging in Policy Formulation: Assessing Policy Portfolio Design. Librello, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12924/pag2013.01020170.
Estrella, Arturo, and Frederic Mishkin. Rethinking the Role of NAIRU in Monetary Policy: Implications of Model Formulation and Uncertainty. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6518.
Pengelly, Tom. Technical Assistance for the Formulation and Implementation of Intellectual Property Policy in Developing Countries and Transition Economies. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ip_ip_20050601.
Beshenich, George M. From Carter to Reagan: Formulation of American Foreign Policy during a Time of Transition. An Explanation of Foreign Policy Decisions Based on the Initial Presidential Transition Period. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada362996.
Rob, Ubaidur, and Donna Nager. Support for research, dissemination, utilization, and policy in Bangladesh. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1995.1030.
Through the initiative of the Family Planning Fortnight: Meeting the Future Challenges, held in December 1993, the Government of Bangladesh made a policy statement about the critical importance of dealing with the nation's population problem. The Fortnight provided the strategic framework for developing actions to strengthen the National Family Planning Program that would meet the country's population challenges. To initiate rapid action, the Family Planning Fortnight Steering Committee, under the chairmanship of the Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, formed a working group to prepare a report that would capitalize on all earlier efforts and lay out a plan of action. The working group identified a number of priority areas requiring immediate action to regain the momentum of the National Family Planning Program, and to ensure success in meeting the government's demographic, social, and economic goals. The working group recognized that there are a number of long-term, strategic policy issues that also require quick attention. As noted in this report, efforts to increase the dissemination and utilization of research results for policy formulation have been productive in Bangladesh from the perspective of the government, NG0s, and donors.
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Kekovole, John. Components of Kenya's future population growth and population policy implications. Population Council, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1996.1006.
The world’s population has grown rapidly from about 2.5 billion in 1950 to a current size of 5.8 billion. As noted in this report, most of the increase has been recorded in the developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America due to continued high fertility in the face of reductions in levels of mortality. Kenya provides a unique opportunity to study the impact of various policy options on future population growth. The primary objective of this study is to measure the impact of different causes of continued population growth on Kenya’s future size and to formulate appropriate policy measures to minimize the adverse socioeconomic consequences of population growth. This study briefly reviews population policies pursued by the Kenyan government since the formulation of the first such policy in 1967. Projections made by the World Bank and the United Nations are summarized, and a new set of projections is presented to highlight the contributions of the different causes of future growth. The study concludes with policy implications emanating from this analysis.
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Arce, Eliécer, and Edgar A. Robles. Fiscal Rules and the Behavior of Public Investment in Costa Rica and Panama: Towards Growth-Friendly Fiscal Policy? Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003071.
This paper aims to provide evidence on the effects of fiscal rules on public investment, fiscal results and growth in Costa Rica and Panama. First, we find that the budget formulation process and the political economy behind the adoption and compliance of fiscal rules explain that Panama has a bias to create and sequentially pile up rules, while Costa Rica has a tendency not to comply with them. Second, a retrospective analysis of the 2018 fiscal rules in both nations finds asymmetric effects on the fiscal results. In Panama it is difficult to separate the effect of fiscal rule designs on public investment; and, in Costa Rica, the application of the fiscal rule will decrease public investment, if the debt to GDP ratio exceeds 60 percent and current expenditure crowds out capital expenditure. Two lessons emerge. First, an effective fiscal rule compliance requires time consistent institutions, solid monitoring, enforcement schemes and improving the quality of public financial management systems. Second, it is necessary to review the design of fiscal rules in both countries to ensure they are investment and growth friendly.
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Griffard, B. F., and Dale C. Eikmeier. Center for Strategic Leadership Issue Paper December 2006, Volume 11-06. Belize 2021 National Security Framework: Strengthening the Links between Policy, Resource Allocation, and Execution. Belize National Security Strategy Formulation Process Workshop #3. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada515544.
Picciotto, Sol. The Contested Shaping of International Tax Rules: The Growth of Services and the Revival of Fractional Apportionment. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.014.
The digitalisation of the economy has spotlighted fundamental flaws in international tax rules, which have been exacerbated since the 1970s with the wider shift to the services economy and the growth of international services. These systemic flaws have been more evident from the perspective of countries that are mainly importers of services that have tried to retain rights to tax profits at the source from which they derive. While they succeeded in retaining a wider scope for source taxation, key provisions have been subject to continuing conflicts and contestation over their formulation and interpretation, leaving a legacy of ambiguity and confusion. Digitalisation has now sparked a dramatic reversal of perspective by more developed countries and an acceptance of principles they have long resisted: that taxation of transnational corporations can be based on apportionment of an appropriate fraction of their global income and can be by countries from where they derive income, regardless of physical presence. This paper outlines the contested process that has shaped the formulation of key provisions on taxation of international services, discusses the recent moves to reshape these rules and evaluates some policy options for capital-importing countries to strengthen their taxing rights in the current context.
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Wittmann, Florian, Florian Roth, Miriam Hufnagl, Ralf Lindner, and Merve Yorulmaz. Towards a framework for impact assessment for mission-oriented innovation policies. A formative toolbox approach. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.540.
Mission-oriented policies (MOIP) have become important means to foster transformative change in many countries. Yet, approaches for assessing these policies' impacts are still in their infancy, not least due to the complexity of MOIP. To address this gap, we propose a toolbox approach that supports policy-makers during policy design and implementation, and allows for an identification of potential impacts by a theory-based approach. To disentangle the complexity of missions, we first conceptualize MOIPs as multiple translation processes from mission formulation and design to implementation. Each translation step shapes the policies' impacts. Based on this framework, we develop a set of specific analytical tools that are intended to support the process of bringing missions into realization, but also help to assess whether missions contribute to the postulated goals. These tools include a mapping of the socio-technical systems, a typology to explore the transformative ambition of missions, a process to develop impact pathways, an inventory of policy instruments to support the mission design, and indicators to measure mission progress along the developed pathways. Finally, we propose several analytical questions to explore the context for the development of potential impacts.
