Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Policy design'
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Burke, Sabrina 1970. "A policy design analysis of federal forest policy." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291717.
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The intent of this thesis is to apply policy design analysis to federal forest policy in the United States. This thesis describes alternative policy analysis frameworks and argues that a policy design approach is the most useful for analyzing federal forest policy and for understanding the intense social conflict which surrounds forest policy today. This paper will argue that present conflicts stem from the inability of past forest policy designs to simultaneously pursue the important social goals of economic development, ecological sustainability and social democracy. What is needed is an approach to forest policy which can address and ameliorate these conflicts. This will require several changes in the underlying assumptions of natural resource management. Ecosystem management, as an alternative approach to forest policy, will be discussed and analyzed in order to identify in what ways forest policy may change and to speculate about the implications of these changes.
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Melovic, Dejan. "Optimal distribution network design policy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557289.
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Salsano, Francesco. "The institutional design of monetary policy." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2018. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/352/.
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The aim of this thesis is to provide a general framework for the analysis and interpretation of the determinants that help to define monetary stability goals. The main issue is that money supply, and therefore inflation are not exogenous; rather, they depend on interactions between monetary institutions and other economic agents (including governments, commercial banks, trade unions, etc.), as determined by the institutional rules and by the socioeconomic structure. This approach requires identifying factors that help to define the greater (or lesser) desirability of long‐term inflation control goals. In this regard, certain fundamental determinants characterizing the political, social, and economic context of decisions on monetary policy should be further analysed. Factors such as social sensitivity to the costs and benefits of inflation, the degree of political instability, the existence of asymmetrical information between the policymaker and the public influence the ability to be constrained by a rule or an institution. This work is therefore an attempt to carry out a theoretical and empirical analysis of the implications of these determinants for both the institutional design and the inflation rate. This is a very important issue, certain countries have often borrowed their institutional designs from others, but without achieving the same results in terms of control over inflation. More specifically, this thesis consists of four parts: 1. Monetary Policy in the presence of Imperfect Observability of the Objectives of Central Bankers. 2. On the Determinants of Central Bank Independence in open economies. 3. Political institutions and Central Bank Independence revisited. 4. Political Stabilization by an independent Central Bank.
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Andersson, André, and Erik Molin. "Procurement Policy : A Conceptual Design to Optimize Purchasing Policy and Safety Stocks." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-36045.
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Study question: How can the process for article classification and procurement be improved in a new implementable inventory policy with the objective to reduce inventory costs. Purpose: The purpose of this degree project is to design a procurement policy which helps to minimize the annual capital tied up in inventory. Method: The procurement policy is created by a mixed method with a focus on the quantity inputs of secondary data and minor involvements of qualitative from primary data. Inventory management formulas from the theoretical framework constitute the conducted model. With the ground work from theory and inputs from interviews, the research approach has been deductive and followed the guidelines of Ali and Birley (1999). ABB Capacitors is the case study of this degree project which the model has been tested and verified upon. Conclusion: The degree project resulted in procurement policy which includes a calculation model and inventory analysis which has shown success from the theoretical comparisons, and it indicates that the procurement policy is functioning as intended. Mathematical formulas are mere tools in a procurement policy, experience and know-how are two pieces which importance should not be neglected.Weaknesses of this policy concern inventory capacity because the calculations’ purpose is to minimize inventory cost by procuring to an economic optimum. There is a chance that physical structure allows fewer quantities than what is financially best. The policy is recommended for manufacturing industries.Frågeställning: Hur ska artiklar till lagret köpas in och klassificeras i en ny inköpsstrategi med målet att minska lagerkostnaderna och minimera lagernivåerna till givna förutsättningar. Syfte: Syftet är att ta fram en inköpspolicy som ska minimera årliga kapitalbindningen i lagret. Metod: Inköpspolicyn är utvecklad med hjälp av en blandad metod med fokus på den kvantitativa sekundärdatan med små delar av den kvalitativa primärdatan. Beräkningsmodellen består av de lagerstyrningsformler som presenteras i teorin. Med grunden från teorin och inläggen från intervjuer har forskningsmetoden varit deduktiv och följt riktlinjerna från Ali och Birley (1999). ABB Capacitors är fallstudien för detta examensarbete som modellen har blivit testat och verifierad hos. Slutsats: Examensarbetet resulterade i inköpspolicy som består av en beräkningsmodell och en artikelanalys som har visat sig framgångsrik från de teoretiska jämförelserna och det visar på att inköpsstrategin fungerar som tänkt. Matematiska modeller är bara verktyg i en inköpsstrategi, erfarenhet och kunnande är två komponenter vars betydelse inte ska förminskas. Svagheter i modellen rör kapaciteten i lagret eftersom modellens syfte är att minimera årliga lagerkostnaden genom att köpa in ur en ekonomisk synvinkel. Det finns en risk att den fysiska lagerytan tillåter mindre kvantiteter än vad som är optimalt. Modellen rekommenderas för tillverkande industrier.
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Urushibara, Hiroshi. "Housing policy and design : the role of housing policy and its effects on design in Japan and Britain." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301114.
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Whicher, Anna. "Benchmarking design for innovation policy in Europe." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/7999.
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In 2015, 15 of the 28 European Member States had design included in national innovation policy and design action plans were in operation in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France and Latvia. Design is an approach to problem-solving that can be applied across the private and public sectors and is becoming more relevant to policy as part of a paradigm shift towards user-centred innovation. According to the European Commission’s Action Plan for Design-driven Innovation: ‘A more systematic use of design as a tool for user-centred and market-driven innovation in all sectors of the economy, complementary to R&D, would improve European competitiveness.’ Furthermore, the European Commission encourages all European countries and regions to develop design action plans. However, the route to building effective national and regional design capacity is not clear. The rationale for this research was framed as much by a gap in theoretical knowledge among research practitioners as a gap in applied knowledge among policy practitioners for evidence-based policy-making in design. It is widely acknowledged that policy intervention for innovation is justified by systems failure theory. Innovation researchers and policy-makers have been able to quantify and thus benchmark the performance of innovation ecosystems to inform policy actions. Design researchers have also argued that policy intervention for design can be justified by systems failure theory but asserted that design is not well captured in European benchmarking exercises. As such, this research has taken a design-led approach to developing a quantitative framework of 46 indicators to assess the performance of a country’s Design Innovation Ecosystem to inform policy-making. The framework of indicators is called the Design Policy Monitor. The findings from the Design Policy Monitor reveal that between 2012 and 2014 public expenditure on design in Denmark, Estonia, Finland and the UK increased by 34% compared to an increase of 8% for public expenditure on research and development (R&D). In a time of austerity, this funding increase is significant although overall government expenditure on R&D is more than 500 times greater than government expenditure on design. 3 Although the Design Policy Monitor remains theoretical, the Design Innovation Ecosystem construct and the indicators within the framework have been jointly developed and tested with innovation policy-makers, managers in design centres and academics. It has been subject to an iterative process of refinement and peer-review as part of a consensus-building exercise with expert stakeholders. With more data on design becoming available, it would be an ambition of the investigator to review the indicators and collect new data as part of future research. In taking a design-led approach, this research has also sought to explore and operationalise the Double Diamond process as a research framework. The Double Diamond is widely accepted as a process for design practitioners but there is only permissive consensus that the Double Diamond can also be applied as a design research framework. The concepts of design and policy are very closely intertwined; both are concerned with problem-solving and ideally, involving users in solving those problems. This body of work has sought to demonstrate that design is not only a method for user-centred research but also, by extension, a method for user-centred policy-making. This research has been conducted in parallel to leading the SEE Platform (Sharing European Experience in Design Innovation Policy), a network of 11 European partners, led by the investigator at PDR (the International Design and Research Centre) at Cardiff Metropolitan University. SEE was funded by the European Commission to the value of €1.1m between 2012 and 2015. As a result of workshops, research and advocacy the SEE partners successfully integrated design into 18 policies and 48 programmes at regional and national levels across Europe.
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Wagenborg, David. "MDA development by design or by policy." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/08Mar%5FWagenborg.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Systems and Operations)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Gallup, Shelley. "March 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on May 16, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60). Also available in print.
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Kemball-Cook, David. "The design of macroeconomic policy under uncertainty." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307854.
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Cornago, Elisabetta. "Essays on Environmental Policy: Design and Evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/283202.
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In this thesis, I analyze the impacts of the design and implementation of different environmental policy tools from a theoretical and empirical perspective: certificates providing information on the energy performance of buildings (chapter 1); urban road pricing schemes such as congestion charges (chapter 2); quantity-based policy tools to support production with non-polluting technologies (chapter 3).In chapter 1, co-authored with Luisa Dressler, we study how energy performance certificates (EPCs) impact the residential rental market. These certificates can help solve information asymmetries between landlords and tenants about the thermal quality of dwellings for rent, which, in turn, is expected to facilitate investment aimed at improving dwellings' energy performance. However, disclosure of EPCs is often incomplete, which hampers their effectiveness in relieving such information asymmetries. Moreover, even when a certificate is available, landlords do not always disclose it. This contradicts the so-called information unraveling result, according to which all landlords should disclose quality information unless it is costly to do so: in such a setting, information eventually unravels. Using a cross-sectional dataset of residential rental advertisements from the Belgian region of Brussels, we empirically evaluate incentives to disclose energy performance ratings. We find that two fundamental assumptions underlying the unraveling result are not confirmed in our setting: firstly, tenants value energy performance of rental property only when dwellings are of very high quality; secondly, tenants do not appear to rationally adjust their expectations when faced with dwellings that withhold their energy performance rating. Finally, we formulate specific policy advice for reforming EPC mechanisms to increase disclosure rates.In chapter 2, I study how urban congestion pricing impacts the use of sustainable mobility options such as bike sharing, presenting evidence from the city of Milan, Italy.As concern for air pollution grows in cities across the world, policies such as urban road pricing are rolled out to induce urban residents to opt for greener transport options. While several papers have analyzed the impact of urban road pricing on air pollution and on car use, this is the first analysis of its impact on sustainable travel behaviors, such as the use of bike sharing.I extend a stylized theoretical model of travel behavior to formalize the drivers of bike-sharing demand. Then, I exploit a panel dataset covering all bike-sharing trips carried out over an 8-year period in the city of Milan to estimate the impact of congestion pricing on bike-sharing use. The empirical strategy I employ in this study is based on the sudden suspension and reintroduction of congestion pricing, which generate a quasi-experimental setting. Adopting an event study approach, I find that suspending the congestion charge reduces daily bike-sharing traffic by about 5% in the short run. I show that, in Milan, congestion pricing mainly impacts bike-sharing use through the reduction of road traffic congestion, which makes cycling safer and more pleasant. The direct effect of the increased relative cost of car use is secondary in individual decisions to use bike-sharing. The role of these effects is likely to be context-specific, as they may be affected by the baseline level of urban congestion, the broader policy mix affecting the cost of driving and the specific design of the congestion pricing scheme.In chapter 3, co-authored with Renaud Foucart, we study the impact of different quantity-based tools that governments can use to support the production of homogeneous goods through clean rather than polluting inputs in a setting where production costs are uncertain.In recent years, many sectors have been disrupted by clean innovation, as clean inputs have emerged as close substitutes of polluting ones: for example, in the power sector renewable energy sources are increasingly used for electricity generation instead of fossil fuels. Whenever the negative externalities caused by polluting incumbent technologies are not internalized in production costs, emerging clean technologies are left at a disadvantage. For this reason, governments may want to design policy support schemes for emerging clean technologies.We develop a theoretical framework in which well-established polluting technologies entail known production and pollution costs, while using emerging green technologies requires higher, steeper and uncertain production costs. In this context, a government chooses between a range of quantity-based instruments to support the deployment of clean technologies based on cost estimates, as costs of production with green inputs are uncertain.We show that a cap on production with polluting inputs is the least distortionary among quantity instruments; next is a mandatory share of production with green inputs out of total production. Setting a policy objective in terms of a precise level of green inputs for production is the least efficient policy approach. This ranking results from the so-called “technology effect”, which determines the extent to which the market corrects cost estimation errors after real costs are observed.Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Ghalebani, Alireza. "Renewable Energy Investment Planning and Policy Design." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6243.
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In this dissertation, we leverage predictive and prescriptive analytics to develop decision support systems to promote the use of renewable energy in society. Since electricity from renewable energy sources is still relatively expensive, there are variety of financial incentive programs available in different regions. Our research focuses on financial incentive programs and tackles two main problem: 1) how to optimally design and control hybrid renewable energy systems for residential and commercial buildings given the capacity based and performance based incentives, and 2) how to develop a model-based system for policy makers for designing optimal financial incentive programs to promote investment in net zero energy (NZE) buildings.
In order to customize optimal investment and operational plans for buildings, we developed a mixed integer program (MIP). The optimization model considers the load profile and specifications of the buildings, local weather data, technology specifications and pricing, electricity tariff, and most importantly, the available financial incentives to assess the financial viability of investment in renewable energy. It is shown how the MIP model can be used in developing customized incentive policy designs and controls for renewable energy system.
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Lee, Myong-hwal. "Computational analysis of optimal macroeconomic policy design /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Sowa, Jessica Elizabeth O'Leary Rosemary. "Changing a policy field? : policy design and collaboration in early care and education." Related Electronic Resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Koundinya, Sridarshan U. "Electricity pricing policy : a neo-institutional, developmental and cross-national policy design map." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1272992348.
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Koundinya, Sridarshan U. "Electricity pricing policy :|ba neo-institutional, developmental and cross-national policy design map /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487951595503826.
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Althaus, Catherine Eileen, and n/a. "Policy Design and the Calculation of Political Risk." Griffith University. Department of Politics and Public Policy, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050824.120313.
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This thesis examines the concept of political risk. It explores how political actors determine whether something is politically risky and what implications this judgment holds for policy design. It establishes that calculations of political risk are a day-to-day occurrence in political life, that they uniquely and influentially structure the public policy process, and that political risk analysis is a valid and distinct conceptual framework. Surveying an extensive multidisciplinary literature, the thesis clarifies its definition of political risk and identifies a gap in the existing political science literature concerning the concept. It exposes a hiatus between the political science discipline and political practice in the recognition of political risk calculation as a central aspect of political judgment. Because the theory of political risk is underdeveloped in political science, the thesis pieces together the existing wisdom from other disciplines that might inform a definition of political risk. It then plots a set of hypotheses to assist in constructing a foundational appreciation of what political risk calculation might entail. The thesis tests the resulting hypotheses using empirical research. A survey of 111 Australian political actors is conducted in order to determine how political risk is understood and operationalised in political practice and to ascertain the consequences of political risk for decision making and policy design. Survey results are complemented by a comparative analysis of four policy issues. The case studies selected were the Citizen's Charter and Mad Cow crisis of the British Major Government and the Charter of Social and Fiscal Responsibility and Smart State policies initiated by the Queensland Beattie Government. The comparative analysis of these cases is designed to add rigour to the interview data. It also provides additional information concerning the policy design implications of political risk calculation by relating interview findings to substantive policy problems. Together, this multi-method research demonstrates that political risk provides a fresh analytical perspective on public policy. Political risk analysis describes a unique aspect of political reality and explains in new ways the decision making process underpinning policy design. Political risk analysis also defends political action against claims of irrationality and attacks that suggest that politics is based on sheer cynicism, because it shows that political risk calculation boasts a defensible logic of its own. In fact, the thesis concludes that political risk provides a conceptual tool that begins to unravel some of the 'mystery' of politics that confounds technocratic models of policy analysis. Awareness of political risk calculation re-establishes political decision making as an endeavour where investigation must proceed with an appreciation of the integrated nature of human judgment that utilises both 'rational' and 'extra-rational' capacities to confront uncertainty.
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Pendyala, Ragini. "Cache memory design with embedded LRU replacement policy /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1240704191&sid=10&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Nachtigall, Daniel [Verfasser]. "On the Design of Climate Policy / Daniel Nachtigall." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137509929/34.
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Auld, Susan E. "The development of public housing policy and design." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23788.
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Qin, Li. "Uncertainty, robust control and optimal monetary policy design." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR1EC06.
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Cette thèse étudie l'influence de la prise en compte de l'incertitude sur la conduite de politiques monétaires. En adoptant le cadre d'analyse du contrôle robuste développé par Hansen et Sargent (2003), ce travail examine les comportements des autorités monétaires et des agents privés sous l'influence de différentes sources d'incertitudes. Notre recherche démontre que la prise en compte de l'incertitude de modèle conduit la banque centrale à réagir de manière plus active en ajustant le taux d'intérêt. Cependant, dans une économie ouverte, l'ampleur de cet ajustement diminue avec le degré d'ouverture de l’économie. Par ailleurs, une transparence accrue sur l'objectif de la banque centrale a pour conséquence d'atténuer la variation des variables macroéconomiques consécutive à la prise en compte des éventuelles spécifications erronées. Il est donc recommandable de révéler les informations concernant les préférences des banquiers centraux, y compris leurs estimations sur le degré de l'incertitude de modèleThis thesis analyze the conduct of monetary policy in the presence of uncertainty. By adopting the framework proposed by Hansen and Sargent (2003), we analyze the behaviors of monetary authorities and private agents when faced with various sources of uncertainty, as well as their consequences in terms of macroeconomic performances. Our work shows that, in order to guard against the possibly catastrophic results of the worst-case scenario, central bankers have to react in an active manner, by manipulating the interest rate. However, in an open economy, the magnitude of this adjustment decreases with the degree of openness. Also, greater transparency of the central bank's objectives, by reducing preference uncertainty, will attenuate the variations of macroeconomic variables that follow the consideration of possible erroneous specifications. It is thus advisable to reveal informations about the central bankers' preferences, including their own estimates of the degree of model uncertainty
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Sargent, R. S. "Design and technology : disjuncture between policy and practice?" Thesis, Keele University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.697560.
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The focus of this thesis is on an exploration of the notion that a disparity exists between the surrounding the secondary school subject of Design and Technology and the reality of provision in the classroom at Key Stage 3. A paragraph entitled 'The importance of design and technology that first appeared in the National Curriculum booklet for Design and Technology 1999 (DfEE/QCA, 1999, p.15) is taken as an authoritative policy text that expresses the reasons for inclusion of the subject in the National Curriculum and against which provision at Key Stage 3 can be compared. This work sets out a theoretical perspective for the analysis of DT provision based on a consideration of curriculum theory and models of curriculum implementation. A case study design was adopted in which the schemes of work for Key Stage 3 from nine secondary schools were collected as evidence of the reality of provision along with group interviews with pupils from two of the schools, and semi-structured interviews with two heads of department. The data was collected in the spring term of 2008 and qualitatively analysed in relation to the seven sentences that make up the statement of importance of the subject. The main findings of this research are that many of the aspects that make up this statement of importance are not being covered by provision in the classroom and that pupils see their experience of the subject as having little relevance to their engagement with technology in the broader context of their lives. This thesis concludes that a disjuncture does exist between policy and practice in relation to the secondary school subject of Design and Technology and that this has implications for teachers of Design and Technology, the training of new teachers of the subject, and policy makers.
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Neyer, Ulrike. "The design of the eurosystem's monetary policy instruments /." Heidelberg [u.a.] : Physica-Verl, 2007. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz26625246xcov.htm.
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Althaus, Catherine Eileen. "Policy Design and the Calculation of Political Risk." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366701.
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This thesis examines the concept of political risk. It explores how political actors determine whether something is politically risky and what implications this judgment holds for policy design. It establishes that calculations of political risk are a day-to-day occurrence in political life, that they uniquely and influentially structure the public policy process, and that political risk analysis is a valid and distinct conceptual framework. Surveying an extensive multidisciplinary literature, the thesis clarifies its definition of political risk and identifies a gap in the existing political science literature concerning the concept. It exposes a hiatus between the political science discipline and political practice in the recognition of political risk calculation as a central aspect of political judgment. Because the theory of political risk is underdeveloped in political science, the thesis pieces together the existing wisdom from other disciplines that might inform a definition of political risk. It then plots a set of hypotheses to assist in constructing a foundational appreciation of what political risk calculation might entail. The thesis tests the resulting hypotheses using empirical research. A survey of 111 Australian political actors is conducted in order to determine how political risk is understood and operationalised in political practice and to ascertain the consequences of political risk for decision making and policy design. Survey results are complemented by a comparative analysis of four policy issues. The case studies selected were the Citizen's Charter and Mad Cow crisis of the British Major Government and the Charter of Social and Fiscal Responsibility and Smart State policies initiated by the Queensland Beattie Government. The comparative analysis of these cases is designed to add rigour to the interview data. It also provides additional information concerning the policy design implications of political risk calculation by relating interview findings to substantive policy problems. Together, this multi-method research demonstrates that political risk provides a fresh analytical perspective on public policy. Political risk analysis describes a unique aspect of political reality and explains in new ways the decision making process underpinning policy design. Political risk analysis also defends political action against claims of irrationality and attacks that suggest that politics is based on sheer cynicism, because it shows that political risk calculation boasts a defensible logic of its own. In fact, the thesis concludes that political risk provides a conceptual tool that begins to unravel some of the 'mystery' of politics that confounds technocratic models of policy analysis. Awareness of political risk calculation re-establishes political decision making as an endeavour where investigation must proceed with an appreciation of the integrated nature of human judgment that utilises both 'rational' and 'extra-rational' capacities to confront uncertainty.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Department of Politics and Public Policy
Griffith Business School
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Yang, Peifang. "Making tradeoffs for environmental protection and policy design." Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3610182.
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There are always painful tradeoffs in environmental problems. In the current period, the tradeoff. has to be made between consuming environmental goods and "dirty" goods. Since many pollutants accumulate in nature and cause long time problems, the current period's decision also has important impacts on future generations. This yields another tradeoff. between control of the pollution flow and cleanup of the pollution stock in the future. For a local government, tradeoffs between strict environmental policies and local economic prosperity are also concerns.
This thesis analyzes the tradeoffs made by households, firms and government under different policy regimes. Chapter 2 considers assigning tradable permits to households that are suffering from pollution generated by firms. The households can sell a limited number of permits to polluters according to personal preferences for environmental goods and "dirty" goods. It is shown that, the market transaction between households and polluters can achieve the efficient pollution level. Chapter 3 considers a case in which the stock pollution is reversible with capital investment. In a natural resource extraction model with externalities of heavy metal pollution in the surrounding farmland, the firms tradeoff. between controlling the pollution flow and abating the pollution stock, as well as the firms extraction decisions are analyzed. Chapter 4 derives the optimal environmental bond required by a local government as a financial assurance for inducing firms to do pollution abatement. A local government needs to make tradeoffs between charging a large amount of bond and encouraging local economic prosperity. For a local government, the optimal bond amount does not necessarily cover the worst-case scenario. This thesis contributes to environmental policy design by considering the interests of different parties.
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Ahuja, Rishi. "Intellectual property : strategy and policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76923.
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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-73).
The thesis that follows is an attempt to gain a deeper understanding of intellectual property from a policy as well as a strategic perspective. While the discussion that follows is applicable to intellectual property in general, the focus of this thesis is on a particular aspect of intellectual property i.e patents. Policy and strategic perspectives are covered in section I and 11 respectively. The section on policy explores the origin and evolution of intellectual property related policies by discussing key legislation and court cases. The two questions that were most relevant when exploring the policy side of the patent system were: -- Is the intellectual property system hindering or encouraging innovation? -- What changes, if any, are required to make the system more effective? The section on strategy looks at IP strategies (or lack thereof) of three leading companies, Apple, Google and Microsoft. These three companies were selected because of their apparently differing strategies and this cursory judgement was confirmed when the strategies of the companies were put under a microscope. The question that were central while exploring the strategic aspects of intellectual property were: -- How are these three companies coping with the patent system as it exists today? -- What changes can make the strategies employed more effective? The summary section at the end tries to reconcile these two different ways of looking at the intellectual property system into a coherent whole.
by Rishi Ahuja.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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White, James Thomas. "Pursuing design excellence : urban design as public policy on Toronto's waterfront, 1999-2010." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44021.
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As one of the largest post-industrial redevelopment projects in North America, Toronto’s Lake Ontario waterfront is a key site for examining a range of policy tools and regulatory mechanisms that can be used to foster design-sensitive city planning practices. This research asks the question ‘How do planning processes affect the quality and execution of urban design?’ It uses an amended series of thirteen principles, initially developed by John Punter (2003), to analyze and evaluate the policymaking, implementation efforts and outcomes of the waterfront urban design process. The primary research data was collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews, archival documents and direct observations of the public realm. The research found that after many decades of failed planning efforts, a waterfront-focused bid for the 2008 Olympic Games caused the municipal, provincial and federal governments to contribute $1.5 billion to the waterfront redevelopment effort and establish a triumvirate public-private partnership to lead a comprehensive master planning process. ‘Design excellence’ was revealed to be a guiding policy aim of the waterfront redevelopment programme. Although the public-private partnership had a limited institutional mandate to deliver on its planning and design objectives, findings show that innovative design-sensitive policy tools and regulatory measures were established outside of the statutory planning framework to achieve design excellence. An urban design peer review panel, design competitions and neighbourhood master planning served to counter a weak and unpredictable jurisdictional context.
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Hou, Anton. "Analysis and Design of Dynamic Behaviour for Embedded Systems Using Policy-Based Design." Thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148109.
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Policy based computing is a technology which aims to abstract away decision making from the source code of a program. The technology provides exibility/changeability and adaptivity in terms of software behaviour. This is allows behaviour to be adapted in runtime. This thesis contributes with an investigation and analysis of the technology with a focus on realtime multicore embedded systems. The study identied several challenges in terms of policy based systems, and resulted in a suggested design. This thesis also includes a prototype implementation which showcases the usage of the suggested design. The implementation involves a policy engine which allows a low overhead, soft realtime performance, and context aware decision making for a targeted software component. The implementation is delimited to Linux based systems. It was concluded that realtime performance can be applicable to policy based systems, and that the suggested model gives high portability, and low over head. This makes the policy based approach highly applicable to embedded systems.
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Dose, Nicolai. "Problemorientierte staatliche Steuerung : Ansatz für ein reflektiertes Policy-Design /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783832934644.
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Bode, Sven. "On the design of the international climate policy regime." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973153490.
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Mainville, Lois. "Québec's Family Policy : an evaluation using regression discontinuity design." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29685/29685.pdf.
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Amakali, Tangi Rebekka. "Inclusive design policy implementation : an organizational knowledge creation perspective." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/75515/.
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The built environment plays an important role in ensuring inclusive access, making a provision for the wider population, especially disabled people, in accessing goods, work, education, facilities, services, health and housing. There are currently 11 million registered disabled people in the UK and the number is expected to rise in the coming years. The majority of this population faces challenges within the built environment due to physical barriers, some of which can be eliminated during the design stages. The DDA 1995, now part of the Equality Act 2010, was brought in by the UK Government to eradicate these barriers and led to Planning Policy Statement 1 in 2005 (also known as PPS1, which replaced by the National Planning Policy Framework in 2012) and Building Regulation Part M 1987, 2000, 2004 and 2010. All of these are designed to minimise disability discrimination by calling for reasonable provision for inclusive access within the built environment. Yet the literature review for this thesis suggests that designs that are not inclusively designed are still being granted permission. Furthermore, the literature review highlights: the limited understanding of inclusive design policy implementation amongst policy actors; the lack of clear policy documents, and; the weak influence of policy in decision-making. This research aims to examine how policy actors gain an understanding of the inclusive design policy implementation process necessary to assess the accessibility of the designs. To understand the research aim an Organizational Knowledge Creation Theory was introduced. In addition, a qualitative methods approach is adopted. The qualitative component involved semi-structured face-to-face interviews with thirteen policy actors from four selected case studies which are Local Authorities, underpinned by an analysis of the inclusive design policy document for each case study. The findings highlighted three main issues: poor knowledge creation on inclusive design; lack of organizational vision of the inclusive environment, and; access officers’ poor involvement in knowledge creation. This thesis makes a number of recommendations for improving the current understanding of inclusive design policy implementation amongst policy actors.
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Mostashari, Ali 1974. "Stakeholder-assisted modeling and policy design for engineering systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31173.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology, Management, and Policy Program, 2005.Page 462 blank.
Includes bibliographical references.
There is a growing realization that stakeholder involvement in decision-making for large- scale engineering systems is necessary and crucial, both from an ethical perspective, as well as for improving the chances of success for an engineering systems project. Traditionally however, stakeholders have only been involved after decision-makers and experts have completed the initial decision-making process with little or no input from stakeholders. This has resulted in conflict and delays for engineering systems with brilliant technical designs that do not address the larger context of the broader social goals. One of the fears of experts is that the involvement of stakeholders will result in technical solutions that are of poor quality. The hypothesis of this research is that an effective involvement of stakeholders in the decision-making process for engineering systems from the problem definition stage through the system representation can produce a system representation that is superior to representations produced in an expert-centered process. This dissertation proposes a Stakeholder-Assisted Modeling and Policy Design (SAM-PD) process for effectively involving stakeholders in engineering systems with wide-ranging social and environmental impact. The SAM-PD process is designed based on insights from existing engineering systems methodologies and alternative dispute resolution literature. Starting with a comprehensive analysis of engineering systems methodologies, the role of experts in engineering systems decision-making and existing stakeholder involvement mechanisms, this research explores the role of cognitive biases of engineering systems representation through actual experiments,
(cont.) and concludes that the process of defining a system through its boundaries, components and linkages is quite subjective, and prone to implicit value judgments of those participating in the system representation process. Therefore to account for stakeholder interests, concerns and knowledge in engineering systems decision-making, it is important to have a collaborative process that enables stakeholders to jointly shape the problem definition and model outputs necessary for decision-making. Based on insights from the literature, this research developed a collaborative process for engineering systems decision-making, and explored its merits and drawbacks in applying it to the Cape Wind offshore wind energy project involving actual stakeholders in the system representation process. It further explored the potential application of such a process to the Mexico City transportation/air pollution system and the Cape and Islands Renewable Energy Planning project. The Cape Wind case study showed that a stakeholder-assisted system representation was superior to the equivalent expert-centered system representation used by the permitting agency as a basis for decision-making, in that it served as a thought expander for stakeholders, captured some effects that the expert-centered representation could not capture, better took into account social, economic and political feasibility and was more useful in suggesting better alternative strategies for the system. The case studies also highlighted the importance of the convening organization, institutional readiness for collaborative processes, the importance of stakeholder selection and process facilitation, the potentials of system representation as a basis for stakeholder dialogue and the importance of quantification versus evaluation of system representations.
(cont.) The basic implication of this research is that it would be myopic of engineering systems professionals to shift the burden of stakeholder involvement to decision-makers, and keep the analysis a merely expert-centered process. Due to the many subjective choices that have to be made with regards to system boundaries, choice of components, inclusion of linkages, nature of outputs and performance metrics and assumptions about data and relationships, system analysts are in fact not producing the analysis that will help the decision-making process. The best airport designs done with multi-tradeoff analysis and intricate options analysis may lead to nowhere if stakeholders affected by the project do not see their interests reflected in the analysis. The notion is that a good systems analysis is not one that impresses other engineering systems professionals with its complexity, but one that can actually address the problems at hand.
by Ali Mostashari.
Ph.D.
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L, Putbrese Benjamin. "Exploring design and policy options for orbital infrastructure projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98603.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 165-173).
The space industry is currently at a significant inflection point. New economies are forming in low- Earth orbit (LEO), driven by miniaturization of technologies and the promise of lower launch costs, which should then allow many of these LEO systems to capitalize on designs incorporating smaller, shorter-lived spacecraft in highly-disaggregated constellations. Meanwhile, many spacecraft at geosynchronous orbit are continuing along a trend towards increasingly massive and longer-lasting satellites, and while they do represent some of the most exquisite, highest-performing satellites ever launched, some experts now feel that such trends are unsustainable and are beginning to place increasing strain on the underlying industry. To support current and future spacecraft, orbital infrastructures have been proposed as a means of providing on-orbit services to customer spacecraft and guiding space architectures towards more sustainable paradigms. In LEO, an infrastructure of communications and data relay spacecraft is envisioned as a means of aiding new and existing space enterprises in the areas of satellite connectivity and downlink capability. Meanwhile, an on-orbit servicing (OOS) infrastructure, located primarily in geosynchronous orbit, would provide services such as repair, rescue, refueling, and upgrading of customer spacecraft, in order to alleviate the identified space industry trends. Physics and cost modeling, as well as tradespace exploration, are used to identify optimal LEO infrastructure designs, while system dynamics modeling is used to assess the trends likely to occur in the overall space industry as OOS is incorporated into space architectures. The primary conclusion from the analysis of LEO infrastructure designs is that, when designing for global connectivity, there is an optimal design point between a small constellation of larger spacecraft and a very large constellation of small spacecraft, but this will also depend on the intended mission of the infrastructure and the number of customers expecting to be serviced. Then, for an OOS infrastructure, it is determined that relatively low costs and heavy incorporation of servicing capabilities into customer architectures are needed to ensure long-term sustainability of such a project. Finally, the policy implications for both infrastructure concepts are discussed, with a heavy focus on options for the funding and development regimes employed to implement the infrastructures, as well as the major political and legal implications expected to accompany these projects.
by Benjamin L. Putbrese.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Filippone, Stephen Francis. "The principles of design applied to engineering and policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14603.
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Dose, Nicolai. "Problemorientierte staatliche Steuerung Ansatz für ein reflektiertes Policy-Design." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2006. http://d-nb.info/990312526/04.
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Anderson, Allison P. (Allison Paige). "Addressing design challenges in mechanical counterpressure spacesuit design and space-inspired informal education policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63033.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics; and, (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-161).
Extravehicular activity (EVA), or spacewalks allows astronauts to accomplish some of the most important endeavors in space history. The importance of EVA will continue to increase as people venture further into our solar system. The spacesuit, used to protect the astronaut during EVA, is an anthropomorphic spacecraft that provides the physical environment a person needs to survive in the harsh environment of space. Although the suits are safe and effective, the pressurized suit becomes rigid in the vacuum of space, causing the astronaut to waste energy. Mechanical counterpressure (MCP) suits offer an alternative to gas pressurized suits by using elastic garments to provide pressure against the skin. Despite their many advantages, MCP suits are very difficult to put on, or don, making them infeasible for use today. A network of gas pressurized tubes is proposed as a solution to the donning problem. When pressurized, the tubes expand to become rigid, opening the MCP garment in the process. The system was modeled and a functional prototype was developed using a novel construction process. The model can be used as a design tool for future designs and the prototype serves as a proof-of-concept for this solution to the donning problem. The spectacular feats accomplish through spacewalks and space exploration inspire students to pursue an interest and career in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). Since its inception, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been dedicated to educating the public about its compelling mission, fascinating discoveries, and the complicated technologies it develops. However, as the United States slips in indicators of student performance in STEM subjects, many look toward informal education, or education that occurs outside the classroom, to spur interest in STEM subjects. To maximize educational outcomes, NASA has developed a strategic framework to guide its educational programs. This framework is analyzed in the context of strategic management literature and suggests that the framework could be more easily implemented if NASA were to refine its education structure using the strengths of each of its directorates. The proposed framework was implemented in an informal education project and evaluated to determine if a projects implemented under the framework achieves the intended learning objectives. Students showed an increased understanding of NASA's mission and the complicated nature of space exploration. Suggestions to improve future projects are also given.
by Allison P. Anderson.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
S.M.
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Vavra, Curtiss John. "Policy Knowledge Communication in Nursing." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7440.
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Evidence-based practices in nursing improve patient outcomes, decrease healthcare costs, and can be implemented with policies and procedures. However, there is limited literature describing how nurses acquire policy knowledge, the dissemination of which may require a significant investment of resources by a hospital. The purpose of this study was to learn more about how nurses obtain policy knowledge. Rogers's diffusion of innovations theory guided the examination of communication channels and how they relate to the formation of policy knowledge. The research questions were designed to gather information on the relationship of policy communication channels, demographic factors, and the frequency of document access in policy knowledge formation. This correlational study, using select subscales of the Policy Communication Index, was conducted to examine how nurses create and communicate policy knowledge. The sample included 22 nurses who practice at the bedside in a small hospital. Data sources included an anonymous online survey and frequency of policy access data. Data analyses included multiple regression, Pearson's r correlation, and Spearman's correlation of the data. The results showed that nurses report meeting discussions are the primary source of policy knowledge rather than written documents. A subset of participants who supplied an employee identification number showed a strong correlation with electronically distributed. Based on these results, nursing leaders can concentrate policy knowledge dissemination through meetings and safety huddles. The positive social change implication of this study includes better practices to convey evidence-based policy knowledge to nurses practicing at the bedside.
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Valverde, Valverde Alejandra. "The Influential Institutional Factors on Policy Design: The Case of Climate Change Adaptation Policy in Peru." Revista de Ciencia Política y Gobierno, 2014. http://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/cienciapolitica/article/view/12544/13103.
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Identificar los factores que influyen (o afectan) en el proceso de diseño de una política pública permite un análisis más certero de cómo es la política y cuáles serán sus tendencias en las siguientes fases del ciclo de política. Así encontramos que, en el caso peruano, los factores influyen de modo tal que las políticas públicas responden más a la posibilidad de acción de las instituciones del Estado que a la demanda de una acción pública. A través del análisis de la fase de diseño de la Política de Adaptación al Cambio Climático en el Perú podemos reconocer la naturaleza del proceso de toma de decisiones del Ministerio del Ambiente sobre la base de las alternativas propuestas (o impuestas) por actores dentro del sistema político peruano. Estos actores (sociales, institucionales e internacionales) configuran un espacio donde las prio- ridades (aparentemente estables) del ministerio se van restableciendo para hacerse viables a las demandas recibidas por el sistema a costa de la calidad de la propia política pública.
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Kwak, Hyon Kun. "Lessons for the design of interconnection pricing policy in the telecommunications industry : a policy learning approach /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1278527071.
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Miranda, Montero Juan Jose. "Essays on Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Policy Design and Evaluation." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/86.
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This dissertation comprises two essays. The unifying theme is the evaluation of non-pecuniary (information or norm based messages) conservation programs. These types of policies are widely applied in developing and developed countries to promote conservation, however, their empirical evidence and their effectiveness are not well documented. Each chapter examines some methodological facets of the heterogeneity of non-pecuniary conservation programs and the reliability of non-experimental methods (program evaluation and econometric techniques) to evaluate treatment effects in the context of non-pecuniary conservation programs.
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Foley, Virginia P. "Lesson Design." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5979.
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Kim, Hansson Anna. "Design & innovation : A study on the South Korean and Swedish views upon design in relation to innovation." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för orientaliska språk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-108906.
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This thesis discusses the differences and similarities between the South Korean and the Swedish view on design in relation to innovation. It sets off introducing theories and recent studies upon the subject matter and also the closely related business discipline called "design management". The subject is then studied through analyzing and comparing of governmental actions within the field. Also the result from a brief questionnaire study has been used as basic material to find out how Swedish and Korean people look upon the subject matter. The questionnaire was carried out for this thesis exclusively and the results include answers on design-innovation-related questions from 35 Swedish and 35 Korean people. The result of the study shows that even though South Korea has a policy for innovation-related design and a governmental organ working exclusively with these questions, which Sweden has not, the countries share a lot of similarities in their approaches towards the subject.
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Lovering, Nina. "The Design of the Plastic Carrier Bag Policy : Success or Failure?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-179395.
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The choice of policy design has crucial implications for a policy’s efficiency. Plastic as a material is an important issue because of its fossil origin and because it often ends up as litter and spreads microplastics. Consequently, policies regarding plastic are vital to examine to understand how we can reduce the environmental consequences of plastic. This study has examined the design of the plastic carrier bag policy and especially focused on the choice of policy instrument, the actors involved, and if the desired change in behaviour occurred. By utilising Schneider and Ingram’s policy design theory, and Howlett and Vedung’s works on policy design and policy instruments, the study built an analytical framework to examine the plastic carrier bag policy. The result showed that the design of a policy was largely dependent on who governed, reflecting the government’s political culture, aims, and goals. The outcome of the policy showed that tax as an economic instrument was efficient in changing the public’s behaviour in the use of plastic carrier bags.
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Reyes, Muñoz María Angélica. "Contributions to an advanced design of a Policy Management System." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7028.
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de la TesisLas redes de hoy en día presentan un gran crecimiento, una alta complejidad de gestión y los nuevos servicios tienen requerimientos cada vez más estrictos. Es por ello que las plataformas de gestión de la década pasada resultan inadecuadas en los nuevos escenarios de red. Esta Tesis es una contribución a los nuevos esquemas de gestión para redes de gran escala, en especial es una contribución a los sistemas de gestión basados en políticas, sin perder por ello, la compatibilidad con los sistemas de gestión que se ocupan actualmente como por ejemplo SNMP, la gestión basada en agentes, etc.
Las investigaciones relacionadas hasta ahora con los sistemas de gestión basados en políticas se enfocan principalmente en la gestión de recursos locales y en el control de admisión. La Tesis que se sustenta en este trabajo ofrece una perspectiva de la utilización de las políticas en un contexto más amplio, se propone una arquitectura para la gestión de red utilizando directorios y roles de políticas, analizando las políticas desde su fase de diseño hasta su configuración en los elementos físicos de la red
Se considera que la creación de políticas pueden llevarla a cabo diferentes entidades, por ejemplo cuando las crea el administrador de la red, cuando los propios usuarios crean sus políticas (políticas personalizadas), o bien cuando la red basándose en un conjunto de políticas previamente definidas crea a partir de ellas nuevas políticas (metapolíticas).
En esta Tesis la representación de las políticas de alto nivel se basa en los modelos propuestos por el IETF y DMTF, el Policy Core Information Model (PCIM) y sus extensiones (PCIMe). Se propone un esquema de clases orientadas a objetos para el almacenamiento de las políticas en un directorio LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol). Este esquema es una de las contribuciones que está Tesis realiza, la cual se ve reflejada en un draft realizado en conjunción con el grupo de trabajo de políticas del IETF.
Debido a que no es posible implementar directamente las políticas de alto nivel en los elementos físicos de la red es necesario establecer un conjunto de parámetros de configuración de red que definan la política que debe aplicarse. Para resolver este mapeo se crearon perfiles SLS (Service Level Specification) basados en la especificación de nivel de servicio que el usuario acuerda con el proveedor de servicio Internet. En la implementación realizada se decidió utilizar cuatro perfiles, sin embargo la granularidad que se elija en la creación de perfiles SLS se deja abierta para que el administrador de la red cree los perfiles necesarios de acuerdo con las características topológicas de la red, los objetivos empresariales, etc.
El directorio LDAP que se utiliza como repositorio de políticas almacena cientos o miles de políticas que son necesarias para resolver las diferentes tareas de gestión involucradas en un sistema de redes heterogéneas, esto puede afectar la ejecución del sistema, por lo tanto, se diseñaron métodos basados en roles de políticas para seleccionar la política o el conjunto de políticas adecuado que debe implementarse en la red en un momento especifico.
Para resolver los conflictos que puedan ocurrir entre las políticas seleccionadas y evitar inconsistencias en la red, se crearon diversos módulos para la prevención y resolución de conflictos entre políticas. El primer proceso interviene en la creación de las políticas detectando conflictos sintácticos, es decir, se analiza que la política este correctamente diseñada y que pueda ser interpretada sin problemas por la red, posteriormente se verifica que la política pueda implementarse en los elementos de la topología de red que se utilice y que cubra los objetivos empresariales existentes.
Para el caso de conflictos que puedan ocurrir en tiempo de ejecución se diseñó un método basado en espacios hiper-geométricos que permiten identificar un conflicto potencial e indicar la política adecuada que debe implementarse en la red. Dicho método está basado en una serie de métricas propuestas para definir cada servicio. Se realiza en la Tesis una aplicación de dicho método para el encaminamiento basado en restricciones de Calidad de Servicio en una red con Servicios Diferenciados y MPLS.
In today's telecommunications world the networks offer several new services involving higher and higher requirements, it means an increment of management complexity that cannot be adequately solved with the management platforms of previous years. This thesis is a contribution to new management schemes for big-scale networks; especially it is a set of contributions to the Policy-Based Management Systems (PBMS) without loosing compatibility with the current management systems such as SNMP, agent-based management, etc.
Current research mainly proposes the use of policies to configure network local devices and admission control. This thesis works on a wide perspective about the use of policies. An efficiently architecture for network management on the basis of directories and policy roles is proposed, also there is a full analysis of policies from its design to its implementation in the network elements.
The creation of policies can be carried out by different entities, for example network administrators, users (personalized policies) and when the network itself creates own policies based on a previous set of policies (metapolicies).
In this thesis the representation of high-level policies is based on the Policy Core Information Model (PCIM) and their extensions (PCIMe) from the DMTF and the IETF. Policies are stored in a directory using the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) via an object oriented classes model designed in this thesis. These results led to an Internet draft for the policy-working group of the IETF.
Because of direct implementation of high-level policies in the network elements it is not possible, it is necessary to establish a set of configuration parameters that define the policy that has to be enforced in the network. The methodology to map high-level policies to low-level policies is detailed in this thesis. Mapping processes involve the use of policy roles and profiles that come from Service Level Specifications (SLS) that users agree with the network. The implementation of the management system uses four SLS profiles but it is scalable to allow increasing profiles according to different aspects such as new services offered by the network, topology of the network, business goals, etc.
The policy architecture manages heterogeneous interconnected networks, for this reason policy repositories have to be able of storing hundreds or thousands of policies in order to get the desired behavior in the entire network. Due to the fact that policy decision points have to choose adequate policies to apply in the network from a very big set of policies, the network performance could be affected. This thesis proposes an efficient selection and evaluation process on the basis of both, policy roles and the network status in a specific time.
To solve possible conflicts that can occur between selected policies and avoid system inconsistencies, a set of models for the prevention and resolution of conflicts between policies is proposed. Prevention process has an algorithm to avoid syntactic conflicts and edition of new policies that produce potential conflicts with previous defined policies. Prevention process also considers congruency among policies, business goals and network topology.
Conflict resolution process solves conflicts occurring during the performance of the system, this method is based on hyper geometrical spaces and policy roles to select the adequate policy, from the conflicting policies.
These methods are presented in the Thesis with an application in a routing system with Quality of Service (QoS) restrictions into a network scenario based on Differentiated Services and the Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS).
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Tetlow, Robert J. "Essays on the design of monetary policy with incomplete information." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/NQ48354.pdf.
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Rao, Liang. "The urban policy information system : structure design and application development." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385158.
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YEO, EMMELINE E.-MAE. "SUSTAINABLE DESIGN POLICY MAKING FOR PUBLIC HIGH-RISES IN SINGAPORE." The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555382.
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Tetlow, Robert J. (Robert John) Carleton University Dissertation Economics. "Essays on the design of monetary policy with incomplete information." Ottawa, 1999.
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PAU, SARA. "Mergers in Public Health and Education: A Policy Evaluation Design." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/261274.
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Over the last decades, in Italy, the increase of life expectancy and the consequent population
aging raised concerns on the dynamics of health spending in such a way that institutional
settings have changed and policies mostly oriented at containing costs have been implemented. The mergers of Local Health Authorities (LHAs henceforth) represents a prominent example. Indeed, the Italian LHAs experienced a drastic reduction in their number, passing from 659 in 1992 to 101 in 2017.
The same pattern characterizes the educational system in Italy. New centralized criteria were
introduced with the School Consolidation Process, established by
the D.P.R. 233/1998. The schools with less than 500 students (300 in mountain areas and small
islands) would have been merged to another school or managed by a regent School Principal
(SP hereafter), namely a SP “borrowed" from another school.
This doctoral thesis investigates the impact of such consolidation policies in health and education
institutions on patients' and students' outcomes, respectively.
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Segal, Aaron. "Design and Implementation of Privacy-Preserving Surveillance." Thesis, Yale University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10584958.
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The modern internet and phone networks offer very little security, privacy, or accountability to their users. As people conduct their business and social lives online and over the phone, they naturally generate private or sensitive data about themselves. But any number of parties can and do track this data. Not only the services people interact with everyday, but third-party services for ad tracking, malicious hackers, government agencies operating with nebulous legal authority, and service providers themselves can and do observe and track users. They can then use the sensitive data in a variety of objectionable ways.
Changing this state of affairs without an earth-shattering technological breakthrough may appear to be a hopeless situation. But, in this dissertation, we demonstrate how existing technology can, if deployed and used properly, markedly improve privacy for users and accountability for those collecting data. We discuss two techniques for achieving these improvements: privacy-preserving surveillance and anonymous communication. For each technique, we present example protocols for which we have implemented fast prototypes running on commercial hardware.
First, we define the notion of privacy-preserving surveillance. Currently, a government agency can collect and examine bulk user data while making no distinction between the legitimate target of investigation and the average person, and with little or no oversight from other agencies. Privacy-preserving surveillance is an alternative legal regime in which searches of sensitive user data could only take place with the active collaboration of multiple government agencies. Trust is distributed amongst these agencies, assuring that no single authority can unilaterally view sensitive user data (or metadata). We then show how two types of bulk surveillance, currently in use by the authorities, could be made privacy-preserving by the adoption of modern cryptographic protocols to secure data.
We also discuss protocols for anonymous communication. We take two approaches to anonymity. First, we present an improvement to the Tor network, an anonymity substrate based on onion routing that is already deployed in the wild. Second, we present a complete specification of the dining-cryptographers-based Verdict protocol arid formally prove its anonymity, security, and accountability properties.
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Xiao, Qinwen. "Optimizing beer distribution game order policy using numerical simulations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55081.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64).
One of the major challenges in supply chain management is the level of information availability. It is very hard yet important to coordinate each stage in the supply chain when the information is not centralized and the demand is uncertain. In this thesis, I analyzed the bullwhip effect in supply chain management using the MIT Beer Distribution Game. I also proposed heuristics and models to optimize the MIT Beer Distribution Game order policy when the customer's demand is both known and unknown. The proposed model provides each player with an order policy based on how many weeks of inventory the player needs to keep ahead to minimize the global cost of the supply chain. The optimized order policy is robust, practical, and generated by numerical simulations. The model is applied in a number of experiments involving deterministic and random demand and lead time. The simulation results of my work are compared with two other artificial agent algorithms, and the improvements brought by my results are presented and analyzed.
by Qinwen Xiao.
S.M.