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1
Addo, Samuel. "Regime changes in monetary policy." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29311.
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This thesis consists of six chapters of which chapters one and two provide the introduction and a brief review of policy regimes in South Africa. Each of the three chapters that follow has its own structure and method. Chapter six concludes the thesis. The chapters share a common theme of understanding the effects of policy regime changes in stabilising inflation and output dynamics in emerging economies with reference to the South African economy. This thesis’s theme is premised on the debate that policy rate setting better describes the conduct of monetary policy and helps stabilise inflation and output. There is, however, no consensus on the appropriate policy regime and the specification of a policy rule that is universal for all economies. Chapter three establishes whether central bank preferences are related to governors’ tenures when there is a change in policy regime. A time-varying parameter approach that allows the policy preferences to vary over the sample period is used. The results show that the policy parameters exhibit significant changes and that the South African Reserve Bank placed more weight on output relative to inflation over the period 2000 and 2007. The dynamic responses of output and inflation under different central bank governors show different outcomes because of changes in central bank policy preferences and not necessarily different governors at the central bank. The effects of policy switches on macroeconomic performance using a regime-switching small open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is investigated in chapter four. The novelty of this chapter is in the structural model, where the primary commodity export sector follows a regime shock process that affect the policy parameters is allowed. The results suggest that an unexpected monetary policy shock and its variances account for a smaller proportion of macroeconomic fluctuations in the South African economy compared to external shocks and its variances in the form of exports, import cost inflation, risk premia, preference and technology changes. Chapter five consists of an investigation into central bank credibility by simulating a Markov-switching Bayesian vector autoregression model with time-varying transition probabilities. This is based on changes in monetary policy leading to clear policy goals. The findings suggest that the policy authority was credible over the period 2003 to 2007 and over the period 2010 until 2016. However, policy switched to a low credibility regime over the period 1990 to 1999 and in 2008. It is found that a positive yet unexpected change to credibility leads to a reduction in policy rate which leads to a decrease in inflation. The conclusion indicates that credibility is an important instrument that helps policy authority to conduct efficient monetary policy in stabilising inflation and output.
2
Kitala, Fatuma S. "Family policy in Lithuania : Changes and problems." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-392.
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This study endeavours to make an analysis of the major issues that Lithuanian families are facing. In doing so, it is the purpose of the research to uncover the changes and problems that have taken place in Lithuanian society since the country gained independence from the Soviet Union. The Lithuanian case will be compared with Tanzania and other eastern and western European countries. This helps to identify and understand problems that Lithuanian society and families with dependent children have been experiencing.
The current situation of families in Lithuania is based on traditional model, where men are breadwinners and women are the ones who take care of the households. However, families are undergoing changes whereby, dual model support is taking over, especially to young generation. The two models are functioning in the country but majority of the population prefer traditional model. It is observed that, due to changes and difficulties in life, people have no other way than accepting dual model support.
Families with children are facing problems which hinder them to develop well in life style. Although the family policy in Lithuania provides family benefits to the families which deserve allowances, still children are in danger of lacking proper care and guidance. Families with dependent children have been experiencing poverty at a high rate that the rest of the population. Families with more than three children are more affected than the ones with fewer children.
The analysis of this study has shown how the issue of unemployment affects the raising of children. Many citizens have lost their jobs due to privatisation although on the other hand, privatization has been proved to increase the economy of the studied countries.
This study has also shown that women in Lithuania are more disadvantaged than men. Even if women labour force participation is quite high in Lithuania, still there are many problems. Namely, women in Lithuania have lower wages compared to men; there also few women in the decision making bodies and the parliament. Both Lithuanian and Tanzanian governments have taken measures to encourage women to participate in political arena and labour market. Good relationships within the families have proved to be crucial in good bringing up of the children. The responsibility of bringing up the children is also extended to the relatives.
All in all provision of family benefits is not the only solution but it has to be associated with education to families and community on how to raise children morally, physically and psychologically so that they become responsible adults.
3
Civcik, Zeynep. "Changes And Continuities In Israeli Security Policy." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605756/index.pdf.
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The objective of this thesis is to analyze the changes in Israeli security policy. The thesis consists of four main parts. In the first part, the factors influencing the formation of Israeli security policy such as history, religion, ideology and threat perceptions are examined. Israeli military doctrine and its offensive, defensive and deterrence strategies are identified as the most important subcomponents of the security policy. The following part analyzes the changes and continuities in Israeli threat perceptions and the implementation of the military doctrine during and after the six main wars of the War of Independence, the war against Egypt in 1956, the Six Day War, the War of Attrition, the Yom Kippur War and the War in Lebanon in 1982. In the third part, the changes in Israeli security policy during 1990s are scrutinized. With the peace process, Israel&rsquos existential threat perception decreased but new threat perceptions of terrorism and conventional and nuclear military buildup in the region emerged
therefore security was redefined by the Israeli political and military decision-makers. In the last part the impact of the collapse of peace process and Sharon&rsquo
s coming to power on Israeli security policy is analyzed. Sharon&rsquo
s period can be defined by offensive security strategies aiming at preventing terror which has been the top security problem since the Al Aqsa Intifada. As a result, this thesis argues that Israeli security policy did not indicate significant changes until 1990s, however during 1990s Israeli security situation and security policy changed as a response to the regional and international developments. Post-2000 period witnessed changes as well with Sharon&rsquo
s returning to offensive strategies.
4
Green, Emma. "Pesticide policy changes in the European Union." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295879.
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Kelly, Geoffrey. "National policy choices for an international problem case studies in greenhouse policy /." Access electronically, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/86.
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IHARA, RAFAEL MAROJA. "CHANGES IN MONETARY POLICY IN THE RECENT CRISIS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26870@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Neste trabalho analisamos a política monetária brasileira em relação a um grupo de países que seguem o regime de metas para a inflação. Nossos resultados indicam que muitos países tiveram mudanças na política monetária, detectadas através de uma quebra na função de reação empírica dos bancos centrais, no período entre 2007 e 2009, possivelmente relacionadas com a crise financeira global. Encontramos evidências que o banco central brasileiro reduziu sua resposta aos desvios da inflação em relação à meta após esta mudança e também que as expectativas de inflação ficaram desancoradas, sugerindo uma inconsistência com o regime de metas para inflação. Apesar de termos detectado quebras na maioria dos países que seguem o regime de metas, as duas mudanças acima não ocorreram na maior parte dos países. Desta forma, utilizamos esses países para aplicar o método do controle sintético e estimar qual seria a trajetória da taxa de inflação e crescimento do PIB, caso não tivesse ocorrido tal mudança na política monetária brasileira. Os resultados do método do controle sintético sugerem que a mudança na política monetária brasileira resultou em uma taxa de inflação notavelmente maior em relação à trajetória sintética, ou seja, a inflação caso não tivesse ocorrida a mudança na política monetária; e um crescimento do PIB mais volátil, com ganhos limitados no período após a mudança e um crescimento menor nos anos seguintes, comparativamente à trajetória sintética do crescimento do PIB.
In this dissertation, we analyze the Brazilian monetary policy and a group of countries under inflation targeting. Our results indicate that many countries had changes in monetary policy, detected through a break in the central bank reaction function between 2007 and 2009, possibly related to the global financial crisis. We find evidence that the Brazilian central bank lowered its response to inflation deviations from the target and also that inflation expectations became unanchored, suggesting an inconsistency with the inflation targeting regime. Although we detected breaks in almost every country, the two above changes did not occur in most of the countries. Thus, we used these countries to apply the synthetic control method and estimate the trajectory of inflation and GDP growth if the Brazilian central bank had not changed its monetary policy. The results of the synthetic control method suggest that the change in the Brazilian monetary policy resulted in higher inflation and a more volatile GDP dynamic, with limited gains in the period after the change and lower growth in the following years, compared to the synthetic trajectory.
7
Walsh, Mark James. "Strategic political positioning and tax policy : recent VAT policy changes in Canada and Germany." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5504.
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During the twenty-first century, why have some welfare state governments shifted their
tax system towards a greater dependence upon consumption taxes, while other governments have
chosen to move away from this dependence? This paper addresses that question by examining
the contemporary politics of taxation in Canada and Germany. It analyzes what causes a
government to choose employ specific tax policy instruments. This paper contends that, if a
government is insecure and in need of enlarging its support base, it will largely ignore fiscal
policies that predominantly focus on improving aggregate economic conditions in favour of
policies which provide fiscal benefits to necessary constituencies, unless both dire economic
conditions and adequate blame avoidance opportunities exists. While Canada chose to shift its
tax burden away from consumption taxes because these necessary conditions did not exist,
Germany chose to shift its tax burden towards consumption taxes because these conditions did
exist.
8
Camara, B. (Bully). "Effects of globalisation on Gambian education:focus on policy changes." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201512082268.
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Globalisation is the process through which the world has become increasingly interconnected and interdependent due to increased trade and cultural exchanges. This has resulted to the integration of economies, markets, cultures and policy making around the world. There has been a lot of research on the pros and cons of globalisation in national economies, immigration and education systems. This research contributes to the discussion of the effects of globalisation on Gambian education.
The aim of the research is to describe the effects of globalisation on Gambian education. It is a qualitative research using qualitative content analysis. The previous and current Gambian education policies were the main sources of data. Globalisation theory was the lens used to look into what could be described as effects of globalisation.
The findings show the presence of global actors in all levels of Gambian education, the sychronisation of educational aims with international initiatives and the push for the inclusion of educational technology in schools. I found these not only as effects of globalisation in Gambian education system but also as the driving forces of the changes in the education system. The findings and conclusions drawn from this research are not as such generalisable to other contexts.
However, the findings will be handy for anyone who wants to understand the effects of globalisation in developing countries like The Gambia. The Gambia’s Ministry of Education may also use it to gauge the perspective of external partners/stakeholders of its education system. Similarly it could be used as a barometer to measure the quality of Gambian education policy in comparison to regional and international standards.
Like any other research, the limitation of this research include issues with definitions, reliability of data sources, not knowing the margin of error and the fact that changes may have occurred since the publication of the data. However, most of the changes that have occurred since the publication of the documents were tracked and reflected in the reviews of the policies, which were also incorporated into the data.
The debate surrounding globalisation and the dynamics of education policies was a challenge but I managed not to deviate from the focus of the research. The fact that I only considered education related documents in Gambian context is inline with qualitative analysis, which explores meanings and interpretations at a deeper level. The findings of this research are therefore reflections of the effects of globalisation on Gambian education.
9
Lee, Young Koo. "Macroeconomic effects of monetary policy and oil price changes /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841213.
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10
Bayliss, P. J. "Current changes in adult education." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10242/.
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The subjects of this thesis are the current changes in adult education and their effects, focusing on the provision of local education authority (LEA) adult education. I have discussed the past century of adult education and related more recent policies to a case study of an adult education centre. LEA management structures of five counties were analysed and linked to their adult education provision. Within these counties I have investigated LEA adult education providers' partnerships, particularly those with secondary schools and further education (FE) colleges. Structured interviews were conducted with students, county administrators and a Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) adult education policy team leader. Lifelong learning is high on the political agenda throughout Europe, both for its alleged ability to improve national competitiveness and for the promotion of social cohesion. Yet at the same time LEA adult education has been marginalised as a direct result of government policy. Legislation weakened local authorities and divided the curriculum which left only the, so called, 'leisure' classes for adults to be organised by LEAs. Moreover, marketplace competition between providers has inhibited collaborative partnership. In the 2000 Learning and Skills Act, LEAs have the opportunity to make a 'key contribution' to the provision of adult education. The results of my research suggest that some LEAs must restructure and then cultivate harmonious partnerships in order to play a major part in developing a learning society.
11
Goldthorpe, Ward Hilary. "Carbon capture and storage and the Australian climate policy framework. /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7058.
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Shang, Xiaoyuan. "Institutional changes in China's social security system." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262720.
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Gemenne, François. "Environmental changes and migration flows : normative frameworks and policy responses." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0015.
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Depuis quelques années, d’importants déplacements de populations sont régulièrement annoncés comme l’une des conséquences les plus dramatiques du changement climatique. Plusieurs dizaines de millions de personnes pourraient ainsi être contraintes à l’exil en raison des impacts du réchauffement global, selon les estimations alarmistes. Ces prédictions, pourtant, relèvent d’une logique largement déterministe, qui simplifie souvent la relation entre dégradation environnementale et migrations à une causalité directe, et néglige l’importance des cadres normatifs. Cette thèse prend le contre-pied de cette approche, et démontreque l’ampleur et la nature de ces flux migratoires ne dépendront pas uniquement des impacts du changement climatique, mais également – et surtout – des politiques qui seront mises en place pour limiter ces impacts et encadrer ces migrations. Au travers d'une approche constructiviste, la thèse se penche sur les réponses politiques apportées jusqu’ici aux mouvements de population provoqués par des dégradations environnementales. En particulier, elle examine l’émergence progressive de la question des « migrations environnementales » à l’agenda politique, et comment les politiques migratoires et environnementales ont évolué dans des sens différents pour traiter cette question. La traduction de ces politiques sur le terrain est examinée et comparée dans deux études empiriques: le déplacement massif de la population de La Nouvelle-Orléans suite à l’ouragan Katrina, et la migration progressive des habitants de Tuvalu, archipel du Pacifique Sud menacé par la montée des océans, vers la Nouvelle-ZélandeMassive population displacements are regularly forecast as one of the most dramatic consequences of climate change. The thesis shows that such an approch is overly deterministic, and argues that patterns of migration flows depend primarily on policy responses. In a constructivist approah, the research contends that the very conceptualisation of environmental migration, as a political construct, is contingent upon the normative frameworks and policy responses that aim to address it. These frameworks and responses are examined in two policy areas: migration policies and environmental policies. Two empirical studies, in New Orleans and Tuvalu, complement the analysis
14
Andrew, Sally. "Cosatu's policy on worker education, 1985-1992 : changes and continuities." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6775.
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Bibliography: leaves 164-176.The South African literature on worker education notes developments in Cosatu's approach to education from the 1980's to the 1990's. I critically explore the changes and continuities evident in Cosatu's policy on worker education from 1985 to 1992. I examined the national documentation produced by Cosatu during these years and conducted selected interviews with 11 people in the Western Cape who were active in Cosatu during this period. I qualitatively categorise and analyse the information on Cosatu's policy. Secondary data, together with the interviews provide both illustrative and contextual information on the policy, practice and politics of Cosatu at that time. The approach to worker education contained in the policy from 1985 to 1988 can be distinguished from that of the 1989-1992 period. Cosatu's policy on worker education in the 1985-1988 period contained a critique of capitalist education, an argument that education should contribute to socialist transformation, and the assertion of an 'alternative' education founded on progressive principles. In the 1989-1992 period some of the progressive principles evident in the 1985-1988 policy on worker education were still asserted. However there were stark changes from the earlier policy. The 1989-1992 policy asserted that education should assist with reconstructing the economy and developing individual careers. Cosatu was no longer promoting an alternative to the existing capitalist education, but was pushing for workers to have greater access to this system. I characterise the dominant approach to worker education of the 1985-1988 period as 'radical' or 'transformatory', whereas the 1989-1992 period increasingly manifested elements of a 'service' and 'instrumental' approach, which I characterise as 'reformist'.
15
Ufford, Steven Patrick. "Police Officers' Perceptions of Changes in Their Behavior While Being Video Recorded." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7207.
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Body worn cameras (BWCs) are a newer piece of equipment that has been issued to police officers in efforts to increase transparency and improve relations with the community. Researchers who have just recently begun studying the effects of BWCs have observed changes in behavior of officers who wear the equipment. Some of these changes potentially have an adverse effect on citizens and the officers who wear BWCs. Lipsky's street-level bureaucracy theory was utilized to examine police officer use of discretion when conducting field activities while wearing BWCs. The research question pertained to police officers' perceptions regarding changes in behavior while being video recorded on duty. This study used generic qualitative inquiry to understand five police officers' perceptions through individual semi structured interviews complemented by the responsive interview model. Themes that emerged consisted of implementation, personal harm, privacy, and behavior modification. Notable findings under the theme of implementation included lack of initial acceptance of the equipment followed by approval of the equipment after use; and that initial training of BWCs was deemed insufficient. In the personal harm theme, participants expressed concern over functionality of BWCs and that superiors possibly would use footage for punitive reasons. Minimal privacy issues for officers were discovered; however, use of BWCs in private residences was perceived by participants as a concern for citizens. The most significant behavior modification was increased professionalism. Implications for social change include improved officer and citizen safety and the delivery of more effective police services, improving relations with the community.
16
Sandu, Suwin. "Assessment of carbon tax as a policy option for reducing carbon-dioxide emissions in Australia." Electronic version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/535.
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University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Engineering.This research has analysed the economy-wide impacts of carbon tax as a policy option to reduce the rate of growth of carbon-dioxide emissions from the electricity sector in Australia. These impacts are analysed for energy and non energy sectors of the economy. An energy-oriented Input–Output framework, with ‘flexible’ production functions, based on Translog and Cobb-Douglas formulations, is employed for the analysis of various impacts. Further, two alternative conceptions of carbon tax are considered in this research, namely, based on Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) and Shared Responsibility Principle (SRP). In the first instance, the impacts are analysed, for the period 2005–2020, for tax levels of $10 and $20 per tonne of CO2, in a situation of no a-priori limit on CO2 emissions. The analysis shows that CO2 emissions from the electricity sector, when carbon tax is based on PPP, would be 211 and 152 Mt, for tax levels of $10 and $20, respectively (as compared to 250 Mt in the Base Case scenario, that is, the business-as-usual-case). The net economic costs, corresponding with these tax levels, expressed in present value terms, would be $27 and $49 billion, respectively, over the period 2005-2020. These economic costs are equivalent to 0.43 and 0.78 per cent of the estimated GDP of Australia. Further, most of the economic burden, in this instance, would fall on the electricity sector, particularly coal-fired electricity generators – large consumers of direct fossil fuel. On the other hand, in the case of a carbon tax based on SRP, CO2 emissions would be 172 and 116 Mt, for tax levels of $10 and $20, respectively. The corresponding net economic costs would be $47 (0.74 per cent of GDP) and $84 (1.34 per cent of GDP) billion, respectively, with significant burden felt by the commercial sector – large consumers of indirect energy and materials whose production would contribute to CO2 emissions. Next, the impacts are analysed by placing an a-priori limit on CO2 emissions from the electricity sector – equivalent to 108 per cent of the 1990 level (that is, 138 Mt), by the year 2020. Two cases are analysed, namely, early action (carbon tax introduced in 2005) and deferred action (carbon tax introduced in 2010). In the case of early action, the analysis suggests, carbon tax of $25 and $15, based on PPP and SRP, respectively, would be required to achieve the above noted emissions target. The corresponding tax levels in the case of deferred action are $51 and $26, respectively. This research also shows that the net economic costs, in the case of early action, would be $32 billion (for PPP) and $18 billion (for SRP) higher than those in the case of deferred action. However, this research has demonstrated, that this inference is largely due to the selection of particular indicator (that is, present value) and the relatively short time frame (that is, 2005–2020) for analysis. By extending the time frame of the analysis to the year 2040, the case for an early introduction of carbon tax strengthens. Overall, the analysis in this research suggests that an immediate introduction of carbon tax, based on SRP, is the most attractive approach to reduce the rate of growth of CO2 emissions from the electricity sector and to simultaneously meet economic and social objectives. If the decision to introduce such a tax is deferred, it would be rather difficult to achieve not only environmental objectives but economic and social objectives as well.
17
Millar, Richard. "Uncertainty in climate response to carbon dioxide and implications for mitigation policy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e94e53c4-d5d8-485a-a84a-cd25dc7e6713.
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Global mean surface air temperature (GMST) change, due to increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, is a fundamental measure of human induced climate change and its associated impacts. Estimates of the magnitude of GMST response to a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide (equilibrium climate sensitivity or ECS) remains uncertain over a broad range between 1.5-4.5K. Expected economic damages associated with climate change are strongly sensitive to this broad uncertainty, creating challenges in constructing mitigation policies to limit peak warming. In this thesis I explore uncertainty in the climate response through two methods. I show that potential constraints on the climate response using observations of a recent decade and planetary energy balance models are consistent with a low climate response that is not sampled by multi-model or perturbed physics ensembles of general circulation models (GCMs). I therefore subsequently set out to explore the physicality of the lower bound of climate response uncertainty in GCMs by conducting an emulator-driven perturbed physics ensemble search for low ECS models. I find a set of GCMs with ECS between 1.5K and 2K, driven primarily by negative feedbacks in tropical low cloud with GMST warming. Achieving low ECS is associated with reduced simulation fidelity relative to the standard version of the GCM, but fidelity reductions are judged to be insufficient to assuredly rule out an ECS between 1.5-2K in the real climate system. This experiment highlights the difficulty in further reducing climate response uncertainty in the near future. I therefore propose a new framing of mitigation policy that focuses on using physical methods to index the future evolution of policy variables to emergent climate change. Such a framing could lead to adaptive mitigation policies, aimed at limiting peak warming, that are demonstrably more robust under currently irreducible physical climate response uncertainty than conventional mitigation scenarios.
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Veronese, Barbara. "Representation, policy making and accountability : learning from changes in democratic institutions." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3042/.
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This thesis proposes a political economy analysis of the impact of institutional change on representation, policy making and accountability. Specifically, it focuses on the transition from parliamentarism to presidentialism and it exploits information from a unique database on a natural experiment that took place in Italy in the 1990s. We first provide an introduction and critical overview of the related political economy literature. Chapter 1 analyses the effect of the constitutional transition on the structure of governments and fiscal policy out-comes. It develops a theoretical framework for the analysis of citizens' ability to hold representatives accountable in a world of multiple policy issues. The model predicts that institutional change improves accountability and that it modifies the relationship between the executive and legislative preferred policies. These changes are reflected in changes in policy decisions on fiscal expenditure. Findings show that differentiation widens between mayors and the leading parties in the legislature. Furthermore, political changes (as captured by differentiation) affect the expenditure choices in the three largest categories of public expenditure. Chapter 2 analyses the interplay between constitutions and the occurrence of political business cycles. The results show that, once the effect of elections is allowed to vary across constitutional regimes, we observe tax cuts and other policy changes before elections only after the institutional transition took place. Finally, Chapter 3 analyses how the introduction of presidentialism substantially enhanced the quality of elected representatives that are part of the executive. The empirical results show that educational levels of elected representatives rose, and that there was a change in the occupational mix due to the large number of elected politicians with high opportunity-cost professions that joined the local governments. This can be explained by higher self selection of good quality politicians in the political competition for executive seats after the reform.
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Gray, James Katon. "The Groundnut Market in Senegal: Examination of Price and Policy Changes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28143.
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The Government of Senegal is attempting to liberalize the groundnut market. In the past, this market was highly regulated with government-set producer prices, groundnut oil processing mills owned by parastatals, and requirements that all groundnuts be sold to these quasi-governmental organizations. In recent years, these rules are being relaxed, and farmers are allowed to sell groundnuts on the open market. However, farmers continue to sell most of their groundnuts, as before, to the mills.
This study attempts to shed light on the effects of this market liberalization. First, an attempt is made to provide estimates of the farmers' short-run output supply and input demand responses to price changes. A quadratic profit function model is estimated using data collected for the current study and a similar dataset collected by Akobundu [1997]. Second, a quadratic programming model is used to examine the effects of eliminating pan-territorial prices. Results indicate that the elimination of the pan-territorial price system will have an overall benefit to Senegalese society. However, as expected, groundnut producers in areas remote from the groundnut oil processing mills would face lower prices. The effects on producers and consumers in the major producing regions, however, were found to be minimal.
Finally, the dissertation provides an extensive description of the economic activities of small-scale farm households in Senegalâ s Groundnut Basin. Differences between males and females and between household heads and other males in the household are also examined. Although females are not as involved in groundnut production, they do not seem to face discrimination in either the official or the open market.
The description of the situation facing small-scale farmers provided in this dissertation is not encouraging. The quantity and timing of the rains in the Groundnut Basin add an unwelcome uncertainty to farming. Increases in population are adding pressure to the environment and are placing heavy demands on wood and grazing lands. Only eight percent of the farmers had groundnut seed multiplication ratios less than one, and sixty-seven percent had ratios less than five.
The dissertation also indicates that farmers are not producing enough to feed their families. Fewer than twelve percent of the households produce a caloric surplus. Sixty percent produced less than fifty percent of their caloric needs. The study indicates that farmers are not earning enough from agricultural production to take care of normal expenses throughout the year. Thus, when combined with uncertain rains and a worsening environment, the farmers have little margin of safety. Therefore, any government policies affecting groundnut production in particular or agricultural production in general should take into account the situation already facing the farmers.Ph. D.
20
Kroll, Henning [Verfasser]. "An exploration of recent changes in European regional policy / Henning Kroll." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1185066993/34.
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Sipic, Toni 1981. "Political economy of environmental disasters and voluntary approaches in environmental policy." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11581.
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xix, 187 p. : ill. (some col.)In Chapter II I analyze eco-labeling in the tourism industry, specifically the impact of the Blue Flag label for marinas and beaches on prices of marina slip rentals, weekly sailboat charter prices and hotel accommodation prices. The principal findings include that Blue Flag certified marinas appear to enjoy an average premium between 6.6% and 22% for their daily slip rental prices, between 40% and 49% for their monthly slip rental prices, and 23% for their yearly slip rental prices. Within the sailboat charter sector, vessels whose home marina is awarded the Blue Flag on average carry a price premium between 14% and 20% on a weekly sailboat rental. When it comes to hotel accommodation, hotels managing a Blue Flag certified beach enjoy a price premium between 45% and 270%. In Chapter III I employ a dataset on the global frequency of climate-change-related natural disasters to explain the probability of the start and occurrence, in a given year, of civil war and civil war durations during the last half of the 20th century. Extreme cold events are found to have a measurable positive effect on the probability of civil war starting in the affected countries, previous years' extreme heat events have a positive effect on the probability of a civil war occurring in a given year, and droughts have a positive effect on civil war duration. These findings can be used by policymakers as they contemplate climate change mitigation policies. In Chapter IV I investigate the determinants of ratification delay of a major oil pollution international environmental agreement, MARPOL. Importantly, I analyze the impact of oil spills, as well as various country characteristics, on the time a country takes to ratify MARPOL. The major contribution lies in the examination of impacts of environmental pollution events on international political decision making. I find that the amount of oil spilled decreases the time to ratify MARPOL. This is the first study that seeks to address this issue in a quantitative fashion. The results should inform policymakers by giving them insight into relevant determinants of legislative delay in ratifying treaties.
Committee in charge: Dr. Trudy Ann Cameron, Chairperson; Dr. Wesley W. Wilson, Member; Dr. Benjamin Hansen, Member; Dr. Ronald Mitchell, Outside Member
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MacNeil, John Simon Howe. "Changes in the characteristics of approved New Drug Applications for antihypertensives." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40373.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-86).
In this thesis, the control of hypertension provides the backdrop for my effort to investigate how clinical trial design has evolved for antihypertensive drug submissions reviewed and approved by the Food and Drug Administration between 1988 and 2001. To do this, I have constructed and undertaken a preliminary analysis of a number of quantitative surrogate measures of complexity and scale, such as trial design, numbers of patients, treatment lengths, active drug comparators, number of indications pursued, number of indications approved, and approval times. In addition, I review how practice guidelines for the treatment of hypertension have changed with advancing clinical and biological knowledge. I attempt to investigate whether a link exists between the changing characteristics of clinical trials for antihypertensive therapies and the evolving guidelines for treating hypertension, promulgated by the Joint National Committee Report on the Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, (JNC), a committee assembled by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
(cont.) Although the number of New Drug Applications (NDAs) examined in the antihypertensive class is too small to permit rigorous statistical analyses, I am nonetheless able to observe a number of apparent trends within the set of NDA submissions for antihypertensives approved by the FDA. Specific trends I observe in support of increasing trial complexity include: 1) trial sizes increase over time as measured by patient enrollments per trial (p-value = 0.003); 2) clinical trial designs over time have included greater numbers of arms per trial (p-value = 0.022); and 3) the number of drug-drug interaction studies in antihypertensive NDAs has increased with time (p-value = 0.027). These trends offer preliminary support for the hypothesis that clinical trials associated with NDA applications for antihypertensives have become more complex over the last two decades. The mechanisms responsible for the observed increase in complexity are less clear. Based on available information, I cannot determine if FDA guidance documents or informal correspondence were responsible for making antihypertensive clinical trials more complicated, or whether pharmaceutical companies introduced greater complexity into the trial design for commercial reasons.
(cont.) Furthermore, while I observe that FDA guidelines did not precisely track changes in JNC guidelines for treating hypertension, it is not clear whether the discrepancies are meaningful. Future research might attempt to identify more precisely the causes of increasing clinical trial complexity, and attempt to relate trial complexity to the cost of drug development more generally.
by John Simon Howe MacNeil.
S.M.
23
Nathan, Ari. "Market mechanisms and cultural values in negotiating multilateral environmental agreements : the case of the Kyoto Protocol /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2000.
Find full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D) -- Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, 2000.Adviser: William Moomaw. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 295-309). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
24
Baek, Youngsun. "Responsiveness of residential electricity demand to changes in price, information, and policy." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39581.
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This study analyzes consumers' behavioral responsiveness to changes in price and policy regarding residential electricity consumption, using a hybrid method of econometric analyses and energy market simulations with the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS). First, this study estimates price elasticities of residential electricity demand with the most recent Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) data, collected in 2005, employing a conventional econometric model and a discrete/continuous choice model. Prior to the NEMS experiments with price shocks and consumers' behavioral features, this study uses NEMS to examine how energy policies would affect changes in retail electricity price in the future.
When climate policies are implemented nationally, electricity prices are estimated to increase by 17% in 2030 with a carbon cap and trade initiatives and by 4% with Renewable Electricity Standards (RES). The short-run elasticity of demand estimated from the 2005 RECS is found to be in a range of -0.81 ~ -0.66, which is more elastic than the current NEMS assumption of -0.15. The 2005 RECS dataset details information about American households' energy consumption. This rich source of micro-level data complements the existing econometric analysis based on time series data.
Electricity price (either census-division average price or household average price), annual income and number of rooms are found to be three major determinants of the level of electricity consumption. The difference in short-run price elasticity leads to a difference in social welfare estimates of energy policies and energy market forecasts. This study suggests that the estimate of social welfare loss caused by electricity price increase is overestimated if the elasticity is assumed to be smaller than the actual responsiveness. Supposing that 1) the short-run elasticity of -0.66 reflects the actual consumers' responsiveness to price changes in the present and future and 2) retail
electricity prices permanently increase by 10%, the welfare loss caused by the price increases would be estimated 0.9 billion dollars less than the current estimates with the elasticity of -0.15. This result suggests that if people are assumed to be more elastic to price signals, the time it takes for a policy to accomplish its goal could be shorter.
In addition to assessing potential savings expected from consumers' behavioral changes with the concept of price elasticity of demand in neoclassical economic theory, this study reviews economic and non-economic theories about behavioral features of energy consumers and discusses how existing information programs could be improved.
25
Ozbeklik, Ismail Serkan. "Impact of legal and public policy changes on social and economic behavior." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1185350130.
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Suwartini, Endang. "Welfare implications of policy-induced structural changes on the Indonesian poultry industry." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26156.
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This study examines the producer and consumer welfare associated with structural change of supply attributed to the effect of a government policy restricting the size of the production unit. The performance of the poultry industry in Indonesia is analyzed in terms of producer and consumer welfare using supply and demand elasticities. The elasticity of supply and demand were estimated using the Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) method. The hypothesized policy-induced structural change is estimated through a dummy variable accounting for shift in supply associated with implementation of the policy.It is found that structural change induced by the restructuring policy shows a negative impact on the output supplied and welfare of society. Welfare losses are estimated for different levels in the marketing system namely producer, wholesaler and retail levels. Eighty percent of the losses are shared approximately equally by producers and consumers with the remaining twenty percent borne by the marketing sector.
27
Gigliotti, Katherine M. "Immigration and Welfare: Policy Changes Brought by the 1996 Welfare Reform Law." Thesis, Boston College, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/381.
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Thesis advisor: Timothy DuketThe United States of America's official seal is inscribed with the quote “E Pluribus Unum.” Translated from the Latin, this phrase means “From Many, One.” Modern America is in fact one nation, built from many; many cultures, religions, and citizens from many different origins comprise the American polity. America is a nation of immigrants. The first immigrants to this country were fleeing religious persecution. Others have come escaping a life of poverty or political repression. Whatever the reason, immigrants come to America in hope of a better life. Despite America's strong immigrant tradition, the issue of membership in the American polity has been a contentious issue throughout our history. Chinese Exclusion, and the National Origins Quota System are merely two policies implemented with the express purpose of keeping foreigners out of America. Over time, anti-immigrant sentiment in America has been fueled by nativism and the desire to allow economic prosperity to benefit American citizens. While nativism has played an important role in determining American immigration policy, many modern-day arguments for a restrictive immigration policy are based on economic considerations. It is often claimed that immigrants take jobs away from citizens. Economic research has shown that modern-day immigrants tend to be lower skilled and have a lower economic performance than natives. As a result, the presence of a large number of immigrants does create greater job competition and lower wages for citizens in low-paying jobs. The desire to keep jobs available for American citizens has been a primary cause of existing restrictions on immigration
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2003
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Romero, Merced Jr. "The impact of educational policy changes upon elementary school teachers' instructional practices." Scholarly Commons, 2015. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/53.
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To maintain a sense of identity and self-confidence, humans rely on cognitive structures that allow individuals to identify similarities between prior experiences and new ones brought about by change. Educators are subjected to work environments that are in a state of constant change brought about by continuous series of new educational policies that teachers are tasked to implement within their classrooms. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine how five elementary school teachers experienced and responded to educational policy changes that influenced their instructional practices. This study also investigated the role and influence school sub-cultures had on elementary school teacher's experiences of and responses to educational policy change, and the role school sub-cultures played in teacher-initiated change during periods of policy change. Data were collected through focus groups, interviews, and journal response by teacher-participants. This study was framed by two concepts: communities of practice , by which individuals, who share common concerns or passions, interact with others routinely to learn from one another in a way that improves his or her particular practice, and organizational culture which views organizations as structures that consist of multiple smaller groups or cultures. Following the phenomenological data analysis process described by Creswell and Patten, the primary themes that emerged from the experiences of the five teachers in this study were: 1) Perceived student academic needs , 2) The influence of the principal , 3) Curriculum changes and professional communities , 4) Professional development , 5) Grade level team influences , 6) Teacher identity , and 7) Teacher emotion . Findings of this study provide a deeper understanding of: teacher decision-making as they try to understand and integrate new policies into their instructional practices, the importance of how school principals lead and support teachers during periods of policy change, the inconsistency of professional support provided by their school district, and how changes in professional networks brought about by policy changes create conflict between teachers identities and altered educational environments. The findings of this study provide researchers insights for future research how teacher identities and communities of practice influence teacher responses to educational policy changes.
29
Ardalan, Aria [Verfasser], and Sebastian [Gutachter] Kessing. "Tax policy changes and market prices / Aria Ardalan ; Gutachter: Sebastian G. Kessing." Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:467-17326.
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Magirr, Peter Austin. "Changes within community pharmacy : implications for professional, public and commercial policy making." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2001. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19999/.
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This research considers the effects of a major change in the provision of community pharmaceutical services in England. Commercial companies now provide the majority of the service with a marked decrease in provision by independent contractors. This change may be described as the corporatisation of community pharmacy. This is important because public policy assumes the service is of a uniform standard irrespective of the occupational status, working pattern and organisational setting of the practitioner. Professional policy has also subscribed largely to this belief, but allowed models of practice to develop in which pharmacists seem to have a considerable variation of control over their professional work. Commercial policy has been driven by organisations seeking to maximise profitability and develop cost effective models of professional practice. Pressures from these sources impact upon community pharmacists and give rise to concerns regarding their ability to carry out their professional responsibilities fully. Of particular concern is their professional autonomy, regarded by many commentators as the distinguishing characteristic of the professions. This research is an exploration of whether, and to what extent community pharmacists' professional autonomy has been affected by corporatisation. Empirical work undertaken led to an instrument that made use of practice based scenarios to locate the degree of professional autonomy that community pharmacists perceived they possessed. After two successful pilots, the instrument was used in a large-scale survey of community pharmacists throughout England. The results indicated that community pharmacists' perception of their professional autonomy varied considerably. The variation was linked to their occupational status and whether they worked on a full or part-time basis. These factors are closely related to the corporatisation of community pharmacy. The findings have considerable policy implications. From the perspective of professional policy, the erosion of professional autonomy found with respect to some categories of community pharmacists calls into question the professional status of pharmacy. From the perspective of public policy the tacit assumption that professional services provided through a variety of organisational structures are essentially the same has been shown to be naive. With regard to commercial policy the overwhelming strength of the commercial agenda risks deprofessionalising community pharmacy. The conclusion reached is that the existing contractor model for the provision of pharmaceutical services should be reviewed and consideration given to replacement with a model that takes into account the realities of current provision.
31
Higgins, Kyle P. Marshall Catherine. "A policy mystery the passage of the 2004 school calendar changes bill /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2253.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in the School of Education Educational Leadership." Discipline: Education; Department/School: Education.
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Ardalan, Aria [Verfasser], and Sebastian G. [Gutachter] Kessing. "Tax policy changes and market prices / Aria Ardalan ; Gutachter: Sebastian G. Kessing." Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221369822/34.
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Schreiber, Eric Marc. "An empirical examination of the significance of monetary poliy changes on equity valuation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28763.
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Cross, Myra Lesley. "The depiction of Germans in British films : How it changes, how far such changes reflect government policy and public opinion." Thesis, Open University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504301.
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Schniering, Peter. "U.S. climate policy and technology : the Bush administration and American conceptions of environmental challenges /." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2008. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0804/2008384605.html.
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Ramirez, Karen. "Can Changes to Tax Policy Have an Impact on a Shrinking Middle Class? : An explorative and comparative case study of changes to tax policy in Sweden and the United States." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385750.
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Poon, Ping-yeung, and 潘炳揚. "Explaining changes in food safety institutions in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206349.
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This dissertation examines changes in Hong Kong’s food safety institutions using an historical institutional approach. Hong Kong has faced enormous challenges in food safety over the last two decades. The avian flu crisis in 1997 and the malachite green crisis in 2005 were the two most notable examples. Both crises were recipes for institutional change. There was drastic reform in 2000 to form a unified food safety authority, the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, to replace the old legacy of municipal councils and municipal service departments. The established municipal councils failed to sustain themselves and the government replaced them with new institutions. Moreover, in 2005, the government proposed a new Food Safety, Inspection and Quarantine Department to overcome failings in food safety. These changes and reforms developed in variance from what could have been expected using theories of punctuated equilibrium and critical juncture (which emphasize exogenous shocks). My investigation suggests that we should not just focus on critical junctures and exogenous shocks but also study the processes and events outside these events. We cannot take it for granted that a significant exogenous shock will automatically result in institutional change without exploring the role they play and the mechanisms involved. Other endogenous processes or gradual changes may disrupt the mechanisms of institutional reproduction.
My research also suggests that the form of institutional change cannot be predicted based on critical junctures and exogenous events. Focusing on the features of political context and institutional properties, we can understand how it is possible to switch between different modes to fit the prevailing institutional and political context. Political appointees and senior civil servants, as change agents, need to focus on political barriers in the legislature before any institutional change in government can eventually succeed. Without major change in Hong Kong’s political system and landscape, there is less likelihood of introducing controversial policy changes, including institutional change. Change agents are more likely to make use of different modes of institutional change, such as layering and conversion, in order to circumvent political barriers and the stickiness of old institutions.published_or_final_version
Politics and Public Administration
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Hardin, Christopher William. "Effect of automotive electrical system changes on fuel consumption using incremental efficiency methodology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34514.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-77).
There has been a continuous increase in automotive electric power usage. Future projections show no sign of it decreasing. Therefore, the automotive industry has a need to either improve the current 12 Volt automotive electrical system or move to a higher voltage vehicle electric system. Both of these choices are likely to increase cost of the system. Performance improvements will be needed to justify the increased cost to the Original Equipment Manufacturer. This thesis is investigating the potential for fuel economy improvements and their associated economic advantages for different vehicle electric systems. The objective is to determine the effects on fuel consumption of electrical system choices under a variety of drive and load cycle circumstances. Incremental, or marginal, efficiencies will be used to determine the relationship between loads and fuel consumptions. ADVISOR, a model developed by the National Renewable Energy Lab, has been adapted for use in this application. This included the implementation of industry standard engine performance map and alternator efficiency map data in the ADVISOR model.
by Christopher William Hardin.
S.M.
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Eruygur, Hakki Ozan. "Impacts Of Policy Changes On Turkish Agriculture: An Optimization Model With Maximum Entropy." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607740/index.pdf.
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Turkey moves towards integration with EU since 1963. The membership will
involve full liberalization of trade in agricultural products with EU. The impact
of liberalization depends on the path of agricultural policies in Turkey and the
EU. On the other hand, agricultural protection continues to be the most
controversial issue in global trade negotiations of World Trade Organization
(WTO). To evaluate the impacts of policy scenarios, an economic modeling
approach based on non-linear mathematical programming is appropriate. This
thesis analyzes the impacts of economic integration with the EU and the
potential effects of the application of a new WTO agreement in 2015 on
Turkish agriculture using an agricultural sector model. The basic approach is
Maximum Entropy based Positive Mathematical Programming of Heckelei and
Britz (1999). The model is based on a static optimization algorithm. Following
an economic integration with EU, the net export of crops declines and can not
tolerate the boom in net import of livestock products. Overall welfare affect is
small. Consumers benefit from declining prices. Common Agricultural Policy
(CAP) supports are determinative for the welfare of producers. WTO
simulation shows that a 15 percent reduction in Turkey&rsquos binding WTO tariff commitments will increase net meat imports by USD 250 million.
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Haley, Caryl Rosemary. "The impact on Hamilton Abuse Intervention Project of government policy changes-an investigation." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2482.
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This research investigates the perceptions and viewpoints of staff working for the Hamilton Abuse Intervention Project (HAIP) as to the impact of changes in government policy. Established in 1991 HAIP is a coordinated community response to domestic violence based on the Duluth Model. Over the last two decades governments in New Zealand have introduced policies and strategies to combat violent crime in the community predicated on the understanding that addressing violence within the family/whanau setting will assist in breaking the cycle. This research focuses on the impact of strategies which advocated inter-agency collaboration such as the VIP Pol400 Project (Pol400 Project) established in 2001 with HAIP as the lead agency. (VIP is an abbreviation standing for Violence Intervention Project). The research also set out to test the hypothesis that working within an environment marked by the introduction of policy changes and new strategies has a significant impact upon a social services agency such as HAIP. In view of the inherent complexity of investigating perceptions and viewpoints qualitative methodology was chosen for this research. Ten of the fourteen people employed by HAIP contributed to the research. Semi-structured face to face interviews and the written answers from questionnaires provided a detailed body of information which informed the narrative and descriptions of this study. An outline of relevant legislation, policy initiatives and strategies introduced over the last two decades was provided to give a framework for the study. Each of the respondents commented on issues related to funding and workload. Inadequate funding was seen to be adding to already heavy workload which continued to grow aggravated by the demands of compliance and accountability. Respondents identified some aspects of HAIP which had been affected by lack of adequate funding such as the loss of the 24/7 Crisis Line and difficulties with maintaining the parallel development policy. However, In spite of funding shortfalls respondents noted that HAIP's services continued to expand and examples were given of recent initiatives such as the establishment of home support groups. Several respondents identified the Pol400 Project as being significant development in HAIP's services. Respondents commented on its value in closing gaps in the criminal justice system's response to incidents of family violence. A detailed analysis of the Pol400 Project using archival material and using statistics from the HAIP Pol400 database demonstrated the comprehensive extent of the inter-agency collaboration. The findings of this investigation showed that respondents regarded inadequate funding and increased workload as impacting significantly on their work. However, apart from comments made in relation to some negative impacts on HAIP of the Domestic Violence Act of 1995, respondents rarely made a specific connection between these issues and their relationship to changes in government policies. This study showed that since the Pol400Project began in 2001 reported incidents of family violence and subsequent referrals rose steadily but the data showed a marked increase in activity following the involvement in 2005 of a Family Safety Team. The increase in the intake of reports was attributed, in part, to the police addressing gaps and shortfalls in their own systems. The impact of the Pol400 Project on HAIP was seen, in the main, to be contributing positively to HAIP's role in providing a seamless coordinated community response to family violence.
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Repetski, Joe. "Effects on services to home-based educators following changes to legislation and policy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60245.pdf.
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Eom, Shinhea. "CHANGES IN CHINESE POLICY TOWARD NORTH KOREAN REFUGEES OVER THE LAST TWO DECADES." MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11062009-113947/.
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China does not view North Koreans who are staying in its territory as refugees and routinely deports them to North Korea. However, in the early 21st century, there have been some cases in which China has allowed North Koreans to leave China instead of sending them back to North Korea. This thesis examines how Chinas North Korean refugee policy has changed over the last two decades and whether international factors have influenced this policy. The results suggest that in the 1990s China gave priority to the repatriation agreement with North Korea. However, in the 2000s from its own experience with a number of foreign embassy intrusions by North Koreans, China has learned that the issue has potential for creating diplomatic problems with other countries. To avoid this conflict, China has tactically allowed North Koreans who have gained global attention to leave China, but otherwise still adheres its traditional deportation policy.
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Nait-Ladjemil, Amokrane. "The responses of private peasants to changes in state policy in Algerian agriculture." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304671.
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Al-Sayegh, Fatma. "Imperial air communications and British policy changes in the Trucial States, 1929-1952." Thesis, University of Essex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375960.
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Brady, Grant. "PC-SWMM modeling of policy changes on suburban watersheds in Johnson County, Kansas." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20570.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Biological & Agricultural Engineering
Stacy Hutchinson
Urban areas have traditionally been managed as separate entities from the natural environment. Recently, urban planners have been interested in reconnecting these areas back to the biosphere to capitalize on ecosystem services restoring damaged hydrologic processes. This study focuses on suburban Johnson County, KS (part of the Greater Kansas City area), which has 62 USEPA 303(d) listed “impaired” or “potentially impaired” waterbodies. Previous studies show that watersheds crisscrossed by multiple politically boundaries see increases in water quantity and decreases in water quality. Using a multi-watershed, multi-city spanning entity like a school district, it is investigated how stormwater best management practices (BMPs) employed over a large entity can help undo the negative effects of watershed political fragmentation. BMP modeling includes simulating grassroots and planning policy change movements across three target watersheds using PC-SWMM watershed model. The grassroots simulation models rain barrels at single family homes and an extended dry detention basin (EDDB) at schools. Planning policy simulation models 10% and 20% reductions in impervious roads and parking lots in accordance to EPA Smart Growth practices. Resulting, it was seen that all three of these BMPs saw the greatest improvements from current conditions at low precipitation events. Ranking from least to most effective across the outlet’s average flow, maximum flow, and total volume and supporting watershed infiltration, surface runoff, and surface storage are as follows: rain barrels + EDDB, 10% reduced, and 20% reduced impervious simulations. All three stormwater BMPs help demonstrate how grassroots movements and planning polices changes can positively impact regional waterbodies in this maturely suburbanized region.
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Okon, Patrick Edem. "Changes in media policy in Sub-Saharan Africa : the role of community media." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2014. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/7556.
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This thesis considers the role of community media in contemporary media policy developments of Anglophone Sub-Saharan Africa. The study is broadly located within the discourse on ‘shapers' of media policy developments. The empirical materials draw upon various case studies of media regulation and community press and broadcasting media campaigns in South Africa, Ghana, and Nigeria. The case studies were conducted using mixed methods approach in a qualitative way. The methodological logics underpinning data presentation and analysis are explanation building and cross-case synthesis. The thesis shows that there have been substantial media policy changes with progressive effects across Anglophone Sub-Saharan Africa in the last two decades. Enabled by the growing deregulation of media environments, there is a robust and complex culture of community media in the region. Community media institutions, working alongside a plethora of allies and drawing on a range of communication and participatory platforms, are exerting significant impacts on media policy decisions. The degree of their effectiveness, however, is affected by political, legislative, and economic processes, as well as by differences in technology, business philosophies, available funding regimes, and structures for audience participation. The engagements of community media with governments in media deregulations have established a new model for understanding media policy and for media deregulations. But, regardless of the changes in media policy, there are still specific policy concerns that underline what brings additional pressures to community media. The study concludes, firstly, that the contribution of community media to policy making still requires greater public recognition. Secondly, that there is need for the pressures on community media to be quickly redressed in order to improve their effectiveness as policy activists. This could be achieved through: a new understanding of media policy as advanced by alternative media organizations; an ‘open' administrative approach to inform participatory policy decision-making; the expansion of protective frameworks for small media in a bid to preserve their emancipatory potency; and the use of social and digital media to strengthen campaigns for policy reforms.
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Firmansyah. "Revitalizing Indonesia’s agriculture: an examination of the economy-wide effects of policy changes." Thesis, Curtin University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1876.
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This thesis aims to examine the economy-wide effects on Indonesia’s macro-economy, industries and households of policy changes embodied in its agricultural revitalization program. The thesis develops a 52-sector, recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model of the Indonesian economy which decomposes the agricultural sector to 26 industries. Of particular interest to this thesis are the analyses of the potential impacts of various policy scenarios involving tariff and subsidy changes, and an increase in agricultural productivity.
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Sawyer, Scott. "The politics of reliability a sociological examination of the State of Vermont's response to peak oil & climate change /." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2007/S_Sawyer_112007.pdf.
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Chan, Ka-kan Erico. "Changes in Cathay Pacific Airways : facing the challenge of the 21st century /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21129034.
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Heo, Jang. "Politics of policy-making environmental policy changes in Korea /." 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/44073699.html.
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