Journal articles on the topic 'Policy and policy administration, n.e.c'
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Maharani, Dewi, and Lesmana Rian Andhika. "Rational Intervention Public Policy for Public Service Innovation." Policy & Governance Review 5, no. 2 (April 12, 2021): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.30589/pgr.v5i2.383.
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This study aims to discuss and compare population administration innovations in two different regencies to gain an understanding of how policies can intervene in public service innovations. Innovation is dependent on government policy as a guide for good public service development strategies. Policy intervention in public service innovation gives special attention to the coherent implementation of public service innovations. The policy will affect further innovation development alth o ugh i t c an be exc lud e d f ro m s o me i nnovati o n pro grams . Therefore, this research compares the innovation efforts of population administration in two different regencies to gain a better understanding of how policies intervene in public service innovation. This research was conducted in the Aceh Tenggara and Majalengka regencies in May-June 2019. Qualitative methods were used in this research with a comparative analysis (Qualitative Comparative Analysis). Data was obtained through a cross-sectional study and data analysis using a set and concept technique. With a theoretical guide developed by Hartley (2005), this research provides information that not all regency (government institutions) can innovate for a variety of reasons, and that decision-makers must be transformative leaders for their region in order to bring out the idea of innovation. In addition, managers should be able to translate policy intent and objectives with service programs. Further development of public service innovations and citizen participation is needed as respondents and external supervisors. That way policy interventions can provide opportunities for change in government institutions by reviewing policy goals and objectives, as well as the linkage factor between local and national policies being the main consideration.
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Grant, Billie-Jo E., Stephanie B. Wilkerson, L. deKoven Pelton, Anne C. Cosby, and Molly M. Henschel. "Title IX and School Employee Sexual Misconduct: How K-12 Schools Respond in the Wake of an Incident." Educational Administration Quarterly 55, no. 5 (March 17, 2019): 841–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013161x19838030.
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Purpose: To help protect students from school employee sexual misconduct, this qualitative case study examines implementation of school employee sexual misconduct policies in five geographically and demographically diverse school districts that experienced incidents of school employee sexual misconduct in 2014. Method: Data were collected from 92 school employees and county officials from five school districts from January 2016 to September 2017 via interviews ( N = 41) and 10 focus groups ( N = 51), as well as through document and policy reviews. Findings: This article outlines findings with regard to the key elements of Title IX guidance including: (a) policies and procedures; (b) prevention; (c) training for staff, students, and parents; (d) reporting; (e) investigations; and (f) response. Although participants reported improvements in these areas after incidents, various challenges, including a lack of understanding of Title IX requirements, continue to affect district-level approaches to sexual misconduct policies. Implications: Recommendations are that school districts review their policy and implementation efforts to determine if they are compliant with Title IX guidance. Researchers also recommend that the federal and state departments of education establish accountability measures to track policy implementation and ensure school districts comply with Title IX guidance and provide high-quality low-cost training options. Further examination of how often these cases occur, victim and offender characteristics, effects on victims and school communities, criminal justice responses, and the effectiveness of prevention efforts are also recommended.
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Veronese, Guido, and Alessandro Pepe. "Positive and Negative Affect in Children Living in Refugee Camps." Evaluation & the Health Professions 40, no. 1 (June 23, 2016): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163278715625741.
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In the present study, we assessed the psychometric proprieties of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale–Child Version (PANAS-C) in a large sample of Palestinian children ( N = 1,376) of different age ranges living in refugee camps. In particular, we used standard confirmatory factor analysis to test competing factor structures for the PANAS-C, with a view to developing a stable version of the instrument, suitable for speedy administration in applied and research settings in the contexts of military violence. Four alternative models of the PANAS-C were evaluated: unidimensional; two-dimensional with independent PA and NA scales and covariance of item-level errors unallowed; two-dimensional with dependent PA and NA scales and covariance of item-level errors unallowed; and two-dimensional with dependent PA and NA scales and covariance of item-level errors. The results of the statistical analysis supported a 20-item measurement model comprising the PANAS-C20 Arabic version for children. The items in this best fitting model loaded on two different and negatively correlated factors. These findings encourage full adoption of the PANAS-C20 as a tool for assessing both PA and NA in Palestinian children living in contexts of warfare.
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Nagel, Jack H. "Congress and policy change, edited by Gerald C. Wright, Leroy N. Rieselbach, and Lawrence C. Dodd. New York: Agathon Press, Inc., 1986, 292 pp. Price: $32.00 cloth, $15.00 paper." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050080229.
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John, Kose, and Joshua Ronen. "Information Structures, Optimal Contracts and the Theory of the Firm." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 5, no. 1 (January 1990): 61–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9000500106.
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We are grateful for comments made by participants at the Symposium on the “Measurement of Profit and Productivity: Theory and Practice,” on December 16, 1988, in the University of Florida, cosponsored by the Vincent C. Ross Institute of Accounting Research, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University, the Public Policy Research Center, Graduate School of Business, University of Florida, and The Kruger Center of Finance, Jerusalem School of Business Administration, Hebrew University; at workshops at the Leonard M. Stern School of Business, New York University; at the Accounting Research and Education Center of McMaster University; at the European Accounting Association meeting in Stuttgart, Germany; at workshops at Wharton School University of Pennsylvania; University of California at Berkeley; Northwestern University; French Finance Association Meeting.
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Sidik, Machfud. "Digital Services Tax: Challenge of International Cooperation For Harmonization." Journal of Tax and Business 3, no. 1 (March 8, 2022): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55336/jpb.v3i1.46.
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The spread of the digital economy brings about many benefits, for example in terms of growth, employment and well-being more generally. These challenges extend well beyond domestic and international tax policy and touch upon areas such as international privacy law and data protection, as well as accounting and regulation, a strategic tax policy perspective, the uptake of digital technologies may potentially constrain the options available to policymakers in relation to the overall tax mix. Technological innovation and the growth of the Internet have profoundly affected trade relations, production processes and products, and the organization of companies. The digital economy is characterized by several key elements, such as the massive expansion of intangible assets; intensive use of data (especially personal data), and widespread adoption of multi-faceted business models that exploit the value externalities of free assets. As the digital economy brings us into new territory, is fair taxation fiction or reality? Although overcoming the numerous ch a l l en g es will be a difficult task for policy makers , fair taxation of the digital e c o n o m y is a reality. A prerequisite to making real sustainable change is enthusiastic country commitment and international cooperation. Asia and the Pacific region need to pull together and push forward the necessary reforms, innovate tax structures and administration, and continue to learn from each other’s experiences. Other key enablers include a coherent strategy and strong evidence-based communication and knowledge.
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Wachter, Susan M. "A new housing policy for America: Recapturing the American dream, by David C. Schwartz, Richard C. Ferlauto, and Daniel N. Hoffman. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1988, 332 pp. Price: $34.95 cloth, $19.95 paper." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 9, no. 3 (February 1, 2007): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.4050090313.
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Lin, Jia-Juen, Yuan-Ti Lee, and Hao-Jan Yang. "Factors associated with hepatitis A virus infection among HIV-positive patients before and after implementation of a hepatitis A virus vaccination program at a medical centre in central Taiwan." Sexual Health 17, no. 3 (2020): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh19029.
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Background Taiwan government has promoted the administration of a hepatitis A vaccine at public expense for high-risk groups as a preventive measure after the outbreak of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections in 2015. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of such vaccination policy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods: From January 2016 to July 2017, we enrolled 658 HIV-positive male participants. Participants were stratified into anti-HAV-positive (n = 165) and anti-HAV-negative (n = 493) groups. A total of 364 anti-HAV-negative patients received vaccination against HAV and were followed up for 1.5 years. A Cox regression model was used to estimate the effects of factors predicting positive anti-HAV detection after vaccination. Results: Patients with HIV had an anti-HAV-positive prevalence of 25.1% before vaccination. Of the 364 patients inoculated with the first dose of vaccine, 58.0% received the second dose. Seroresponse rates were 50.0% and 80.6%, respectively. Antibody production was 30.0% lower in patients with a CD4 T-cell count <200 cells/µL (adjusted relative risk (ARR) = 0.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.5–0.9) compared with those with 500 cells/µL. Hepatitis C co-infection reduced the production of antibodies by 50.0% (ARR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.2–0.8). Conclusion: This study suggests that vaccination against hepatitis A be administered when the immunity of an HIV-positive patient is strong. The promotion of the current vaccination policy against hepatitis A in Taiwan has improved the vaccination rate; the response rate for receiving one dose of the vaccine doubled.
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Arif, Tooba. "Hepatitis Service Provision at HMP Birmingham: Progressing a Previous Service Improvement Plan." BMJ Open Quality 7, no. 4 (December 2018): e000192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2017-000192.
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IntroductionHepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable disease, and hepatitis C is amenable to treatment. Both are highly prevalent in the prison population. This project provides a comprehensive evaluation of current hepatitis services at Her Majesty’s Prison Birmingham, assessing progress since previous work and proposing further suggestions for improvement.MethodsA review of hepatitis services was undertaken in 2013, in the context of underperformance against national targets. This revealed that the hepatitis B vaccination and hepatitis C testing coverage was 22% and 0%, respectively. A resulting service improvement plan included interventions such as the development of a bloodborne virus (BBV) policy, implementing opt-out testing and introducing dried blood spot testing for ease of administration. In 2015, national guidelines were used to evaluate current practice, with comparison to previous practice. The indicators assessed included BBV policy, vaccination and testing protocols, prisoner education and reporting of results. Discussions were held with prison stakeholders to address areas that required development, producing a revised action plan.ResultsHepatitis services were available to all prisoners starting their sentence in 2015, n=4998. Testing was offered on an opt-out basis to all entrants, increasing the testing coverage by 7.6% from 2013. Vaccination was offered to 57% of entrants, with coverage slightly lower than 2013, largely due to prisoner refusal. In light of this, many strategies were devised to educate prisoners, increase opportunities to receive testing and vaccination, and decrease the risk of patients being lost to follow-up. An update in 2016 saw progress in many of these areas.DiscussionBeing in prison provides offenders with stability in their lifestyle and easier access to healthcare services. By optimising these services in line with national guidance, and implementing specific strategies to encourage uptake of hepatitis testing and vaccination, we may be better able to serve this vulnerable sector of the population.
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Morozov, Sergei. "Practices of Interaction of State and Non-State Actors in the Context of Regulation of the Mass Communication System in the Russian Federation." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (February 2020): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.1.20.
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Introduction. The article represents the author’s interpretation of the actor composition of implementing information policy in modern Russia. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the main conditions of interaction between state and non-state structures of the Russian Federation in the process of determining priorities and strategies for ensuring information security in Russia. The problem of this research is actualized by increasing dependence of the mass communication domestic system on modern global geopolitical threats and foreign policy challenges. Russia and Russian society need a set of effective tools and methods to ensure the security and stability of the mass communication system. Methodology and methods. The main methodology of this study is the principles of the communicative approach (N. Wiener, C. Deutsch). Besides, the ideas about the technological core of political communication find their scientific and practical application (S.V. Volodenkov, M. Castells, S.V. Schwarzenberg). The analysis of the combination of public political communication and the processes of administrative-state management is based on the conclusions, which are contained in the articles of G. Lassuela and O.F. Shabrov. The empirical basis of the research is the public opinion polls of “Levada Center”. Analysis. The modern world is increasingly differentiated by the degree of information richness: the more the country is informationally open, the faster the production of new ideas, their inclusion in political decisions. The modern process of political communication has shifted to greater interactivity. Information policy, political regulation of the mass communication system becomes the leading sphere of management activities of state and non-state structures. Discussion. The indicative model development of politicalcommunicative interaction of information policy actors in the Russian Federation is hampered by a number of problems. Some of them are associated with established practices of political administration by state institutions of information processes. Other problems come from the unwillingness of civil structures to carry out the functions of public political management in the field of information security. The result is a decline in public confidence in political information and the Russian media. Results. The author proposes the main forms of coordinated interaction of state and non-state actors in the field of information regulation, ensuring the information security of the Russian Federation. The researcher substantiates the idea of the relationship of the mass communication system development with the formation of information and communication competencies of the Russian Federation population.
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Oakley, R., H. Trinh, T. Yau, S. Khorshid, and D. Lonsdale. "Improving adherence to and effectiveness of a vancomycin continuous infusion protocol, a pilot quality improvement project." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, Supplement_2 (November 30, 2022): ii37—ii38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riac089.043.
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Abstract Introduction Vancomycin treats serious Gram-positive infections such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In St George’s University Hospital’s (SGH) intensive care unit (ICU) settings, vancomycin is administered by continuous infusion. Steady-state serum concentrations are measured daily with a 20-25 mg/L target. Non-therapeutic concentrations are associated with adverse drug reactions/prolonged length of stay.1 A SGH service-evaluation conducted across all three ICUs, revealed variable adherence to/effectiveness of its vancomycin prescribing/administration/monitoring protocol.2 Consequently, multifaceted interventions were devised using the Institute-for-Healthcare-Improvement’s model Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles and piloted on General ICU (GICU). Aim (1) To improve adherence to/effectiveness of the vancomycin protocol. (2) To ascertain administration accuracy of paper-fluid-balance-charts compared to the electronic-prescribing-and-medicines-administration (ePMA) system to assist with identifying per protocol treated patients. Methods PDSA Cycle-1 was conducted over a 9-month period (09/2021-05/2021) in which a mix of system/person-focused interventions were implemented. Protocol dosing2 was revised, introducing a >90kg patient 2g loading dose, renal-function category revision and increased maintenance dose for creatinine clearance (CLCR) >90ml/min. Protocol accessibility was increased via integration into an ePMA prescribing interface, plus CliniBee/Microguide apps. Educational slides on relevant protocol aspects were incorporated into medical/nursing induction training. Data relating to vancomycin prescribing/administration/monitoring for all non-renal replacement patients was extracted retrospectively from the ePMA system between 09/2021-05/2022. This data was compared to baseline GICU data (07/2020-07/2021).2 The project and associated interventions were approved by Trust Clinical Governance and Audit Teams. Data was collected by pharmacists directly involved in patient’s care and stored/analysed on the Trust’s secure server in line with Data Protection Act principles. Due to local generalisability, ethics approval wasn’t required. Results Compared to baseline, the proportion of patients receiving per protocol prescribing/administration of loading/maintenance doses with daily monitoring, nearly doubled (39% (7/18) to 68% (15/22)). 48-hour vancomycin serum concentrations in all patients increased therapeutically by 21% (3/9 to 7/13). In per protocol treated patients, concentrations increased 15% (2/7 to 4/9) therapeutically, decreased 21% (3/7 to 2/9) supra-therapeutically and increased 4% (2/7 to 3/9) sub-therapeutically. Supra-therapeutic concentrations were associated with CLCR<50ml/min. Sub-therapeutic concentrations were associated with CLCR>90ml/min and obesity. Compared to the ePMA system, there was 36% (8/22) less paper-fluid-balance-charts recording both loading/maintenance doses. Maintenance dose administration times in 9% (2/22) of cases differed by >60 minutes. Discussion/Conclusion Staff-turnover periods were associated with decreased protocol compliance. Observations suggest further education is required around prescribing/administration of standardised infusion bags for maintenance dosing. Pharmacist integration into daily Microbiology ward rounds may increase protocol compliance. Higher 20mg/kg loading doses for obese patients and maintenance dose revision should be considered to reduce non-therapeutic concentrations.3 Limitations include heterogenous/small sample sizes due to data paucity and vancomycin requirement. This can be addressed by involving all ICU’s in PDSA Cycle-2. Due to disparities, both the ePMA system and paper-fluid-balance-charts should be used to identify protocol adherence. Utilisation of digital-infusion-pump data to quantify administration accuracy may offer a promising solution. Piloted multifaceted interventions were successful at improving adherence to/effectiveness of the vancomycin protocol. Findings have informed further interventions and data capture methods for PDSA Cycle-2 implementation across all ICUs. References 1. Perin N, Roger C, Marin G, Molinari N, Evrard A, Lavigne J et al. Vancomycin Serum Concentration after 48 h of Administration: A 3-Years Survey in an Intensive Care Unit. Antibiotics. 2020;9(11):793. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7698174/ 2. Oakley R, Bakrania P, Yau T, Standing J, Lonsdale D. P37 Variable adherence to and effectiveness of a vancomycin continuous infusion protocol within ICUs at a London tertiary-care hospital: a single-centre retrospective service evaluation. JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance. 2022;4(Supplement_1). Available from: https://academic.oup.com/jacamr/issue/4/Supplement_1 3. Rybak M, Le J, Lodise T, Levine D, Bradley J, Liu C et al. Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: A revised consensus guideline and review by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 2020;77(11):835-864. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/ajhp/article/77/11/835/5810200?login=false
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Muhdi, Nurkolis, and Yovitha Yuliejantiningsih. "The Implementation of Online Learning in Early Childhood Education During the Covid-19 Pandemic." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.142.04.
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Covid-19 has changed the learning process from class attendance to distance learning using the Internet. Early childhood education is threatened to enter into the lost generation, due to distance learning, which causes confusion for teachers and parents to be able to provide the best stimulation for them. Therefore, the Indonesian government made a new policy on online learning. The objectives of this research are to find how effective at online learning policy formulation, how productive it is in policy implementation, and what are the obstacles of the implementation at Early-Childhood Education (ECE). This qualitative research uses a mixed method approach with an iterative analysis design, conducted in Central Java Province in 35 districts / cities with 1,899 respondents. Data collection techniques with open-closed questionnaires, study from 15 documentation, and in-depth interviews. Data analysis uses quantitative-qualitative software Nvivo12+, with Miles and Huberman models. The results showed the policy formulation of online learning at ECE has been effective. However, the implementation of online learning policy at ECE still takes a lot of effort to become more powerful in preventing a decline in learning. There are five obstacles in in applying this in the field, namely the ability of teachers, the ability of parents, economic capability, facility constraints, and pedagogical constraints.
Keywords: Online Learning Policy; Children Engagement; Learning Management System
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Wang, Sue, Gavitt A. Woodard, Calixto-Hope Lucas, Stanley J. Rogers, and David M. Jablons. "2460." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, S1 (September 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.280.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy (ILE) is an invasive surgical procedure with a high incidence of postoperative pneumonia. Antibiotic prophylaxis could reduce respiratory infections but increase Clostridium difficile and antibiotic resistance. Our institution reduced the duration of piperacillin-tazobactam prophylaxis following ILE from 4 to 1 day or less in January 2015. We evaluated short-term outcomes in ILE patients before and after this institutional change. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Retrospective cohort study of all ILE patients from 2012 to 2016. We confirmed antibiotic duration directly from nursing medication administration records. The primary outcomes of this study were rates of C. difficile and postoperative pneumonia. Secondary outcomes include other infection, length of hospital stay, and readmission within 30 days. We used logistic regression to analyze impact of days of antibiotics and χ2 or Fischer exact tests for categorical variables. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of 104 ILE patients, 40.4% (n=42) were after January 2015, 11.5% developed pneumonia and 5.8% developed C. difficile colitis. ILE patients received more days of antibiotics before the institutional change compared with after (6.1 vs. 2.9 d, p<0.01). For a 1-day increase in antibiotic duration, the odds of acquiring C. difficile increased significantly by 1.2 (p=0.03). Before compared with after the institutional change, rates of C. difficile were 8.1% Versus 2.4% (p>0.2), rates of pneumonia were 11.3% Versus 11.9% (p>0.2), and length of stay was 10.9 Versus 10.5 days (p>0.2), respectively. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Institutional policy can have an impact on patient outcomes. Antibiotic stewardship is associated with reduced rates of inpatient C. difficile. Our study suggests reduced antibiotics are not associated with pneumonia, although larger studies are necessary to confirm this finding. Surgeons should consider the benefit of decreased rates of C. difficile before administering prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis following esophagectomies.
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Smalley, Heather Kitada, and Christopher Wolf. "Building a Framework for Mode Effect Estimation in United States Presidential Election Polls." Statistics, Politics and Policy 13, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/spp-2021-0024.
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Abstract As public confidence in polling has been waning in the wake of recent elections (Narea, N. 2016. After 2016, Can we Ever Trust the Polls Again? New Republic), many researchers have been seeking to diagnose the shortcomings in these data (Gelman, A., and J. Azari. 2017. “19 Things We Learned from the 2016 Election.” Statistics and Public Policy 4 (1): 1–10; Kennedy, C., M. Blumenthal, S. Clement, J. D. Clinton, C. Durand, C. Franklin, K. McGeeney, L. Miringoff, K. Olson, D. Rivers, L. Saad, G. E. Witt, and C. Wlezien. 2018. “An Evaluation of the 2016 Election Polls in the United States.” Public Opinion Quarterly 82 (1): 1–33; Mercer, A., C. Deane, and K. McGeeney. 2016. Why 2016 Election Polls Missed Their Mark. Pew Research Center. Also available at https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/11/09/why-2016-election-polls-missed-their-mark/). One conjecture stems from observed differences between polling results based on the methodological choice between live and non-live modes of survey administration (Enten, H. 2015. The Future of Polling May Depend on Donald Trumps Fate. FiveThirtyEight. Also available at https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-future-of-polling-may-depend-on-donald-trumps-fate/). While it has become commonplace to discuss “mode effect” on surveys, it reemerged in the political zeitgeist as the “Shy Trump” supporter hypothesis leading up to the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election (Edsall, T. B. 2016. How Many People Support Trump but Dont want to Admit it. New York Times). Motivated by the conflicting evidence for (Enns, P. K., J. Lagodny, and J. P. Schuldt. 2017. “Understanding the 2016 US Presidential Polls: The Importance of Hidden Trump Supporters.” Statistics, Politics, and Policy 8 (1): 41–63) and against (Coppock, A. 2017. “Did Shy Trump Supporters Bias the 2016 Polls? Evidence from a Nationally-Representative List Experiment.” Statistics, Politics, and Policy 8 (1): 29–40) this hypothesis, we built a complex statistical model that pools together results across multiple pollsters and throughout the election cycle while accounting for the nuances of these data. Specifically, we explored election data for the presence of mode effect using time series with a general additive mixed model (GAMM). We estimated mode effect at state and national levels to perform statistical mode adjustments, which we then compared to observed election results. In this paper, we utilized polling results from the United States Presidential Elections in 2016 (4208 polls) and 2020 (4133 polls). Using these data, we identified spatial trends and areas where mode effect was statistically significant at a 0.05 level. In summary, we make three contributions to the literature on mode effect adjustment in the poll aggregation setting. First, we present a straightforward and flexible statistical approach to estimating mode effect using time series data. In doing so, we help to bridge the gap between theory-focused statistical work and the social sciences. Second, we apply this method to two recent presidential elections, providing insight into the significance of mode effect. Third, we provide evidence for spatial mode effect trends suggesting regional voting behaviors that future scholars can explore.
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Tolley, C. L., R. A. Sami, and S. P. Slight. "A Qualitative Study Exploring the Barriers and Facilitators Associated with the Implementation of a Closed Loop Medication System in a UK Hospital Trust." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 29, Supplement_1 (March 26, 2021): i50—i51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riab015.062.
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Abstract Introduction Implementation of novel digital technologies into complex hospital systems, particularly within the United Kingdom’s (UKs) National Health Service, is challenging and can result in delays to the use and evaluation of innovative systems. MedEye is a bedside tool for preventing medication administration errors used as part of a closed-loop medication administration system. Aim The aim of this study was to understand the barriers and facilitators associated with implementing MedEye for the first time in a large UK Teaching Hospital Trust. Methods We used a case study approach and conducted semi-structured interviews (n=9) with key members of the project implementation team from Pharmacy (n=3), Nursing (n=2), commercial system provider(n=2), IT (n=1) and academia (n=1) and 20 hours of field observations. We explored stakeholder’s experiences about the implementation process, barriers and facilitators and any key lessons learnt according to constructs from Sittig and Singh’s Eight Dimension Sociotechnical Model.1 We analysed the data from interviews and observations using the framework approach.2 We firstly familiarised ourselves with the data, coded interviews, guided by our analytical framework, charted and then interpreted the data. All necessary ethical and organisational approvals were obtained. Results We identified themes relating to eight sociotechnical domains. Clinical Content: the format of the medication library and process for ordering medications were different to other European sites that had implemented MedEye, posing challenges for developers. Hardware and Software Computing Infrastructure: the integration of MedEye with the electronic prescribing system was one of the “biggest challenges”(P2) and contributed to delays. Human Computer Interface: the MedEye system’s user interface was described as “clean, simple and easy to use”(P2).People: nurses and senior management “absolutely wanted this [project] to work”(P1).Communication and Workflow: it was sometimes difficult to communicate effectively because the IT team had their own “set of jargon which is very technical” and the clinical team used “lots of medical jargon”(P2), resulting in misunderstandings. Internal Organisational Policies, Procedures and Culture: the hospital recognised the potential safety benefits of MedEye. However, its implementation was different to other IT products, which would “have actually gone through the development cycle”(P7).External Rules, Regulations and Pressures: the IT and informatics team’s resources were stretched with multiple projects been implemented simultaneously. System Measurement and Monitoring: the project team conducted “a lot of testing”(P3), to refine the technology. Conclusions This study sought to understand the sociotechnical challenges when implementing a novel digital technology in a UK hospital and identified themes related to eight domains. We acknowledge that our study had a few limitations: we interviewed a small number of participants who were directly involved in the implementation process, and the study was conducted in one hospital Trust, limiting the generalisability of the findings. However, use of the eight-domain sociotechnical framework strengthened our study, allowing us to derive the specific facilitators and barriers to the implementation and deployment process. This study also emphasises the importance of working closely with IT managers who can coordinate work within an organisation to anticipate delays and mitigate against project risks. References 1. Sittig, D.F. and H. Singh, A new sociotechnical model for studying health information technology in complex adaptive healthcare systems. Quality & safety in health care, 2010. 19 Suppl 3(Suppl 3): p. i68-i74. 2. Pope, C., S. Ziebland, and N. Mays, Qualitative research in health care. Analysing qualitative data. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2000. 320(7227): p. 114–116.
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Engelhard, George, Matthew P. Rabbitt, and Emily M. Engelhard. "Using Household Fit Indices to Examine the Psychometric Quality of Food Insecurity Measures." Educational and Psychological Measurement 78, no. 6 (September 5, 2017): 1089–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164417728317.
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This study focuses on model–data fit with a particular emphasis on household-level fit within the context of measuring household food insecurity. Household fit indices are used to examine the psychometric quality of household-level measures of food insecurity. In the United States, measures of food insecurity are commonly obtained from the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM, 18 items) of the Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement (CPS-FSS). These measures, in various forms, are used to inform national programs and policies related to food insecurity. Data for low-income households with children from recent administrations of the HFSSM (2012-2014) are used in this study ( N = 7,324). The results suggest that there are detectable levels of misfit with Infit mean square error (MSE) statistics ranging from 6.73 % to 21.33% and Outfit MSE statistics ranging from 5.31% to 9.68%. The data suggest for Outfit MSE statistics that (a) male respondents, (b) respondents with lower levels of education, and (c) respondents who did not report participating in SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, formerly the Food Stamp Program) tend to have more misfit. For Infit MSE statistics, lack of homeownership appears to be a predictor of misfit. The implications of this research for future research, theory, and policy related to the measurement of household food insecurity are discussed.
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Kul, Raziye, Ertan Yıldırım, Melek Ekinci, Metin Turan, and Sezai Ercisli. "Effect of Biochar and Process Water Derived from the Co-Processed Sewage Sludge and Food Waste on Garden Cress’ Growth and Quality." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 16652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416652.
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Very little is known about how products derived from the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of municipal waste affect the availability and uptake of nitrogen in plant nutrition. This study examined the effects of 60% sewage sludge and 40% food waste HTC products, i.e., biochar (BC) and process water (PW), as nitrogen sources on garden cress growth and quality. A fertilization program using four nitrogen doses [(control), 9, 12, and 15 kg da−1 N] and BC, PW, chemical nitrogen (CN), and their combinations were used in a pot experiment conducted under greenhouse conditions. The highest nitrogen dose often produced better results in terms of plant growth and quality. Additionally, fertilization with PW+CN and BC+CN at the highest nitrogen dose significantly improved plant height, plant fresh and dry weight, and root dry weight parameters of garden cress over the previous treatments. The highest stem diameter, number of leaves, and plant area values were obtained in the 15 kg da−1 N dose PW+BC application. The vitamin C content in cress decreased with the increasing levels of CN. The highest vitamin C content was obtained with 15 kg N da−1 PW fertilization. BC+PW and CN fertilization applications improved chlorophyll a, b, and the total contents of garden cress leaves. Moreover, the nitrate (NO3) concentration of cress increased with CN doses while it decreased in all BC and PW administrations. The 9, 12, and 15 kg N da−1 doses of PW+CN and the 15 kg N da−1 dose of BC+CN yielded the highest agricultural nitrogen utilization efficiency (ANUE) values. Plant nutrient content was positively affected in all fertilization applications, except for Na and Cl. However, it was determined that BC+CN fertilizer application improved plant nutrient uptake. Surprisingly, PW+CN treatment at the lowest nitrogen dosage resulted in the highest soil organic matter and total nitrogen content. In conclusion, it has been determined that biochar and process water have a synergistic effect with CN to increase plant growth by improving nitrogen efficiency, but their application alone without CN is insufficient to meet the nitrogen requirement.
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Borowicka, Monika. "OCHRONA INTERESU POKRZYWDZONEGO W POLSKIM PRAWIE KARNYM." Zeszyty Prawnicze 3, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2003.3.1.08.
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PROTECTION OF VICTIM’S RIGHTS IN THE POLISH PENAL LAWSummary The World Victimology Society was formed in 1979. That event greatly influenced the development of a study o f a victim and also initiated the movement for the wronged. Victim surveys conducted on the basis of self reporting enabled to define the concepts o f primary and secondary victimization. The surveys confirmed the fact that the implementation of an injured party protection is still inadequate.That subject matter was taken up by the VI Congress of the United Nations in 1985. The U N proclaimed the Declaration of Basic Laws for Victims of Crime and Abuse o f Authorities. In the part devoted to victims of crimes it lists four fundamental rights:a) a right of access to an administration of justice;b) a right to restoration;c) a right to compensation;d) a right to aid.The document also indicates the possibility to use mediation, arbitration, or conciliation and also the Polish legislator perceives the new trends o f punishment policy expressed in progressive regulations. As distinct from the hitherto role o f an injured party as a witness in his own case these regulations aim at securing an effective influence of an injured party on the course o f proceedings and a possibility to satisfy his claim.Currently, one o f the aims o f the Penal Code is an obligation to compensate for damages and to redress an injury sustained by an injured party. It is on the list of means of punishment together with a sanction imposing a payment to an injured or to the public purse and a pecuniary performance (article 39, point 5 of the Penal Code). It may not only complement a punishment, but also be its alternative.An obligation o f a perpetrator of an offence to redress an inflicted damage should also serve the appeasement of conflicts resulting from an unlawful conduct. It also allows a release on probation and an extraordinary mitigation of penalty. Therefore it serves a number of penal functions: o f compensation, resocialization, and education.
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Ryan, Kerry, Jason Hou, Jessica Baker, Christopher Krenz, Akbar Waljee, and Raymond De Vries. "DEMOCRATIC DELIBERATION TO ASSESS VETERAN PREFERENCES FOR BIOSIMILAR MEDICATION SWITCHING FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN A RESOURCE CONSCIOUS SETTING." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 29, Supplement_1 (January 26, 2023): S41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izac247.075.
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Abstract BACKGROUND To optimize care while being resource conscious, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) must develop equitable policies that incorporate Veterans’ values and beliefs. Switching patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) from biologic medications (originators) to less expensive biosimilars offers the opportunity to explore potential policies. Unlike originators, the FDA did not require disease-specific randomized controlled trials for approval of biosimilars, creating provider and patient concerns about the safety of switching to these medications. Deliberative democratic (DD) methods allow us to assess Veteran views of switching programs, a necessary step in creating equitable policy approaches. METHODS We carried out two 2-day sessions with Veterans from the Ann Arbor VA (n=17) and Houston VA (n=12). Deliberation began with education about IBD, use of biologics (including biosimilars), and related implementation challenges. Participants engaged in facilitated small group discussions designed to 1) identify Veterans views about biosimilar switching and their preferences for informing Veterans about switching, and 2) evaluate responses to five approaches for switching: (a) “status quo”–switching policies vary by VHA facility, (b) “sickest last”–Veterans with the most severe IBD are switched last, (c) “opt-out”–Veterans may opt-out of switching, (d) “next appointment”–Veterans are switched at their next appointment, and (e) “lottery”–patients are switched based on random selection. Participants ranked options (1=most preferred, 5=least preferred) and proposed modifications to these approaches. Participants completed pre- and post-DD session surveys. Discussion transcripts were analyzed using qualitative methods. RESULTS Participant demographics are in Table 1. Most Veterans sessions preferred the “sickest last” (mean rank: 1.8, standard deviation: 0.9) or “opt-out” (2.4,1.4) approaches over the “status quo” (3.1,1.0) or “lottery” (4.6,0.9); preferences did not significantly change after deliberation (Figure 1). Preferences reflected Veterans’ concerns about the risk of switching to biosimilars for the most vulnerable Veterans and their strong preference for information and transparency around biosimilar switching. Participants emphasized the importance of informed choice, prioritizing based on health status, personalization, and shared decision-making (e.g., treatment should be geared to individual patient in discussion with their provider). CONCLUSION DD methods are effective for soliciting Veterans' opinions and preferences for health policies. Veterans favored policies that provided information and control, promoted shared decision-making, and reduced risk to vulnerable patients. Incorporating patient preferences and insights is critical when implementing health policies in the VHA and other resource-limited settings.
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Hasan, Rudi. "PENYELENGGARAAN PROGRAM SD-SMP SATU ATAP PADA DAERAH TERPENCIL DALAM LATAR BUDAYA RUMAH BETANG KALIMANTAN TENGAH." Equity In Education Journal 1, no. 1 (October 20, 2019): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37304/eej.v1i1.1547.
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Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of the One-Roof Junior Secondary School as an alternative to the distribution of nine-year basic education in remote areas in the cultural setting of Central Kalimantan Betang Houses. This research is a qualitative research with a multi-site study design on 3 One-Roof Junior Secondary Schools in Gunung Mas Regency. Data collection is done by methods: in-depth interviews (indepth interview), participant observation (participant observation), and study documentation (study of document). Determination of data sources is done by using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis is done through the activities of organizing data, organizing and dividing data into units that can be managed, mensiteis, looking for patterns, find what is meaningful and what is researched to be decided and reported systematically (Bogdan and Biklen, 1998). Data analysis in this research was carried out in two stages, namely: data analysis for each site (single site) and cross-site data analysis. Checking the validity of the data is done by using a degree of credibility through both source and method triangulation techniques. The results of the study found that the values of the betang house culture that underlies the implementation of the One-Roof Junior Secondary School appeared on: (1) bureaucratic structure, including: SOP, coordination and empowerment of HR; (2) resources, including: human resources, infrastructure and financing; and (3) communication, including: internal communication, with supporting elementary schools, with related agencies, and the community around the school. Keywords: One-Roof Junior Secondary School, Remote Area, Betang House Culture Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan penyelenggaraan program SD-SMP Satu Atap sebagai alternatif pemerataan pendidikan dasar sembilan tahun pada daerah terpencil dalam latar budaya rumah betang Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan studi multi situs pada 3 SMPN Satu Atap di wilayah Kabupaten Gunung Mas. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode: wawancara mendalam (indepth interview), observasi partisipan (participant observation), dan studi dokumentasi (study of document). Penetapan sumber data dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan melalui kegiatan mengorganisasi data, menata dan membagi data dalam unit-unit yang dapat dikelola, mensitesis, mencari pola, menemukan apa yang bermakna dan apa yang diteliti untuk diputuskan dan dilaporkan dengan sistematis (Bogdan dan Biklen, 1998). Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu: analisis data tiap situs (situs tunggal) dan analisis data lintas situs. Pengecekan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan derajat kepercayaan (credibility) melalui teknik triangulasi baik sumber maupun metode. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa nilai-nilai budaya rumah betang yang mendasari dalam penyelenggaraan SD-SMP Satu Atap muncul pada: (1) struktur birokrasi, meliputi: SOP, koordinasi dan pemberdayaan SDM; (2) sumberdaya, meliputi: SDM, sarana prasarana dan pembiayaan; dan (3) komunikasi, meliputi: komunikasi intern, dengan SD penyangga, dengan dinas terkait, dan masyarakat sekitar sekolah. Kata Kunci: SD-SMP Satu Atap, Daerah Terpencil, Budaya Rumah Betang References: Arikunto, S. (1998). Prosedur Penelitian: SuatuPendekatan Praktek. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., & Razavieh, A.(2002). Introduction to Research in Education. Sixth Ed. Belmont, CA: Wadswort. Thomson Learning. Bogdan, R. C.,& Biklen, S.K.(1998). Qualitative Research For Educatio: An Introduction to Theory and Methods.Third Ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Bollen, R. (1997). Making Good Schools: Linking School Effectiveness and School Improvement. London and New York: Routledge. Brienkerhoof, D. W.,& Crosby, L.B. (2002). Managing Policy Reform: Concept and Tool for Decision-Makers in Developing and Transitionong Countries. United States of America: Kumarian Perss, Inc. Castetter, W.B. (1996). The Human Resources Function in Educational Administration (Sixth Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc. Dunn, W. N. (1981). Public Policy Analysis: An Introduction. Englewood: Cliff, N.J. Prentice, Inc. Dwijowijoto, R. N. (2004). Komunikasi Pemerintahan. Jakarta: Elek Media Komputindo Kelompok Gramedia. Edward, G. (1980). Implementing Public Policy. Washington, DC. Congressional Quarterly, Inc. Glickman, C. D., Gordon, S. P., & Ross-Gordon, J. M. (2009). The Basic to Supervision and Instructional Leadership. Secon Ed, Boston: Pearson. Koehler. (1981). Organizational Communication, Behavioral Perspective. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Kratzer. (1996). Marketing the Nation. New York: Free Press. Kusni. J. J. (2006). Pergulatan Identitas Dayak Dan Indonesia: Belajar dari Tjilik RiwutPalangka Raya: Penerbit Galangpress. Mantja, W. (2002). Manajemen Pendidikan dan Supervisi Pengajaran (Kumpulan Karya Tulis Terpublikasi). Malang: Wineka Media. Mantja, W. (2008). Ethnography, Desain Penelitian Manajemen Pendidikan. Malang: Elang Mas. Nasution, S. (1998). Metode Penelitian Naturalistik Kualitatif Bandung: Transito. Peraturan Pemerintah RI Nomor47 Tahun 2008. Wajib Belajar. Bandung: Penerbit Citra Umbara. Robbins, S., P. (1998). Organizational Behavior. New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs. Sonhadji. K. H. A. (1996). Teknik Pengumpulam Data dan Analisis Data dalam Penelitian Kualitatif dalam Arifin. Penelitian Kualitatif. Malang: Kalimasahda Press. Sugiyono. (2006). Metode Penelitian Administrasi. Bandung: Alfabeta. Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia Tahun1945. Bandung: Penerbit Citra Umbara. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. 2006. Bandung: Pcnerbit Citra Umbara. Usop, K. M.A.(1994). Pakat Dayak: Sejarah Integrasi dan Jati Diri Masyarakat Dayak dan Daerah Kalimantan Tengah. Palangka Raya: Yayasan Dikbud Batang Garing. Winarno, B. (2002). Kebijakan Publik: Teori dan Proses. Yogyakarta: Media Pressindo.
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Verstegen, Deborah A. "Education Fiscal Policy in the Reagan Administration." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 12, no. 4 (December 1990): 355–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737012004355.
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The Reagan administration’s “New Federalism” agenda focused on redirecting national priorities and decentralizing domestic programs through budgetary policy. This research analyzes the consequences of national policy shifts occurring over the decade of the 1980s for public education. Utilizing a multimethod research design, it addresses four fundamental questions: (a) What have been the federal investments in education during the Reagan years? (b) How has the overall Department of Education (ED) budget fared over this time? (c) How have individual programs in ED been affected? (d) In sum, what fiscal changes have occurred in education during the Reagan presidency and to what extent have devolution and diminution in federal education policy been influenced by the Administration’s policies? The author finds significant shifts have occurred in federal education policy and finance during the 1980s. Tax reductions, deficit financing, dwindling productivity, and an uncertain economic outlook indirectly accomplished what could not be otherwise achieved, and set the basis for a new era in national education policy and finance well beyond the Reagan years.
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Mathisen, Michael S., Hagop M. Kantarjian, Farhad Ravandi, Naveen Pemmaraju, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Jorge E. Cortes, Susan O'Brien, et al. "Updated Results of a Phase I/II, Randomized Study of Clofarabine Combined with Idarubicin and Cytarabine (CIA) or Fludarabine Combined with Idarubicin and Cytarabine (FIA) for the Treatment of Patients (pts) with Newly Diagnosed or Relapsed/Refractory (RR) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 3610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3610.3610.
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Abstract Abstract 3610 Background: Standard treatment for pts with AML involves combination chemotherapy with idarubicin (I) plus cytarabine (A). However, most pts relapse, necessitating improved frontline therapeutic strategies. The management of relapse depends on the duration of first complete remission (CR) and prior treatment. Cladribine, fludarabine (F), and clofarabine (C) are all purine analogs which have been shown to act synergistically with cytarabine. Recently, results from a phase III study have shown that the addition of cladribine to 7 + 3 leads to improved overall survival (OS) in younger pts with newly diagnosed AML. In this study, we randomized both newly diagnosed and RR pts to receive CIA or FIA. Methods: Phase I of the study was aimed at determining the MTD of C. All pts in the phase I had RR AML. The starting dose of C was 15 mg/m2, with subsequent escalation up to 25 mg/m2 or until DLTs were observed. Once the MTD was established, pts with newly diagnosed or RR AML were randomized using a Bayesian design to either CIA (C at MTD daily for 5 days, I 10 mg/m2 daily for 3 days, A 1,000 mg/m2 daily for 5 days) or FIA (F 30 mg/m2 daily for 5 days, I 10 mg/m2 daily for 3 days, A 1,000 mg/m2daily × 5 days). Pts could receive up to 6 cycles of consolidation, which involved the same drugs given according to an attenuated schedule. Dose adjustments were made for organ function and PS. Primary objective was overall response rate (ORR), defined as CR, CR with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp), or CR with incomplete neutrophil recovery (CRi); secondary objectives were event free survival (EFS), OS, remission duration, and toxicity. Results: During phase I, 9 pts were evaluated (n=6 at 15 mg/m2, n=3 at 20 mg/m2). There were multiple DLTs experienced at 20 mg/m2, including hand and foot syndrome (HFS), hyperbilirubinemia, and prolonged myelosuppression. Therefore, the MTD was established at 15 mg/m2for phase II. ORR on the phase I was 44%. 28 pts with newly diagnosed AML were enrolled (n=17 CIA, n=11 FIA). Baseline characteristics of the pts were similar. The majority of pts were less than 60 years of age (median age 55 years CIA, 54 years FIA). Approximately 50% of pts had a diploid karyotype (10 to 20% had abnormalities on chromosomes 5 or 7). The CR rates were 76% and 82% for CIA and FIA, respectively (P=NS), (Table 1). Median time to recovery of platelets and neutrophils was less than 30 days for both groups. Minimal residual disease (MRD) by flow cytometry performed on the post-induction bone marrow sample was available for 11/13 responders on CIA and 5/9 responders on FIA. There was a high rate of MRD negative status in both groups (91% CIA, 100% FIA). With median follow up of 5 to 6 months, there have been 0 relapses on CIA, and 3 relapses on FIA. 4-week mortality rates were 0 for both groups. Median OS has not been reached for either group. 49 pts with RR AML were enrolled (n=25 on CIA, n=24 on FIA). Baseline demographic characteristics were similar. Most pts were younger than 60 years of age (median 58 years CIA, 56 years FIA). There were more pts in the CIA group with abnormalities on chromosomes 5 or 7. Salvage status and first CR duration was similar between groups. A similar number of pts on each arm had received prior C or F. The ORR was similar between groups (44% for CIA, 38% for FIA) (Table 1). 4-week mortality rates were 16% for CIA, and 4% for FIA. Median OS was 4 and 5 months for CIA and FIA, respectively. Several pts from each group were able to move forward to allo-SCT (20% on CIA, 29% on FIA). The median time to recovery of all lineages for both groups was less than 40 days. Grades 3/4 toxicities for the entire cohort were low, but differed between groups. Transaminitis occurred more often in the FIA group (11% compared to 5% on CIA). This is potentially explained by a departmental policy to withhold triazole antifungals during the administration of C. Grades 3/4 mucositis also appeared to be more prevalent on the FIA arm (11% versus 0% on CIA). HFS did not occur in either group. Conclusions: CIA and FIA are effective regimens for newly diagnosed or RR AML with manageable toxicity profiles and low early mortality rates. There was a trend for better outcome in favor of the CIA regimen. This study continues to accrue, and an update will be presented at the meeting. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Clofarabine for AML.
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Dacosta Byfield, Stacey, Nicole Engel-Nitz, Timothy Bancroft, Amy J. Anderson, Carolina Reyes, Arliene Ravelo, Sarika Ogale, May Chen, and Matthew J. Matasar. "Differences in Patients with Progressive Versus Non-Progressive AML, CLL, or NHL: Implications for Proposed Bundled Payment Strategies." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 4528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4528.4528.
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Abstract Background: Increasingly, payers are redefining how payments for cancer care are structured. Demonstration programs and policy proposals by insurers and oncology organizations have bundled payments for various services, including chemotherapy. The impact of such payment policies may vary for patients (pts) with hematologic malignancies given their widely varying disease severity. Progression of disease (PD), and costs associated with it, may stress bundled payment programs, particularly if such programs do not accurately assess risk of progression across the insured cohort. To inform this ongoing development of new payment strategies for pts with hematologic malignancy, this study compared patterns of care in pts with AML, CLL or other forms of NHL who do, or do not, experience PD. Methods: This retrospective studyused medical and pharmacy claims from a large national US health plan to identify commercially insured and Medicare Advantage (MA) pts age ≥18 years from 1/2007 - 8/2014 with ≥2 medical claims for AML (ICD-9-CM code 205.0x), CLL ( ICD-9-CM code 204.1x), or other NHL (ICD-9-CM codes 200.xx, 202.0x-202.2x, 202.4x, 202.7x-202.9x, 203.8x, 204.8x-204.9x, 273.3x). Pts required ≥1 claim for systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT); the first observed claim was the index date. Continuous enrollment (CE) in the health plan for 6 months (mths) prior to (baseline period) and ≥6 mths after index date (variable follow-up period) was required; pts with <6 mths of follow-up due to death were included. Pts with baseline SACT or additional primary malignancies were excluded. Line of therapy (LOT) periods were defined. The 1st LOT (LOT1) started on index date; regimens included all drugs received in the first 45 days. LOT1 ended at the earliest of: start of a new drug, ≥60-day gap in initial regimen, death or end of CE or study period. LOT2 started with a SACT after LOT1 end. PD was defined as: start of LOT2, receipt of hospice care (based on procedure or revenue codes) or death (based on Social Security Administration death data). Results: Among 667 AML, 1354 CLL and 9399 NHL pts who met study criteria, 70%, 45%, and 46% respectively had PD during the study period. Mean (median) time in mths to PD was 6.6 (4.2) for AML, 12.8 (9.2) for CLL and 10.0 (7.1) for NHL. Descriptive results are shown in the Table. Compared to pts without PD during the study period, pts who progressed were MA pts, older and had shorter initial LOTs. The most common initial therapy varied across PD cohorts. Among pts with PD, the AML cohort had the highest percentage of death and evidence of hospice care. Conclusion: Characteristics and treatment patterns varied for pts with PD versus non-PD AML, CLL and NHL. Understanding the variability across patient groups will aid in the development of new bundled payment policies and help providers determine whether and in which payment systems to participate. Table 1. AML CLL NHL PD N=464 No PD N=203 PD N=604 No PD N=750 PD N=4291 No PD N=5108 Age, yrs mean (SD), median^# 60 (17), 62 58 (17), 59 71 (11), 72 67 (11), 67 64 (14), 65 60 (16), 62 Baseline Quan-Charlson comorbidity score mean (SD), median# 3.1 (1.6), 2 3.1 (1.6), 2 2.8 (1.3), 2 2.7 (1.2), 2 3.4 (2.0), 3 3.3 (1.9), 2 Male, N (%)# 271 (58) 115 (57) 366 (61) 490 (65) 2480 (58) 2832 (55) Insurance, N (%)*^# Commercial 300 (65) 148 (73) 284 (47) 428 (57) 2,723 (63) 3489 (68) MA 164 (35) 55 (27) 320 (53) 322 (43) 1568 (37) 1619 (32) Stem Cell Transplant, N (%) 105 (23) 61 (30) 11 (2) 5 (1) 443 (10) 169 (3) Length of follow-up, mths, mean (SD), median ^# 17.6 (17.1), 12.1 19.9 (15.5), 14.4 28.6 (21.4), 23.7 22.4 (15.9), 17.2 28.2 (21.5), 22.3 27.2 (19.9), 20.9 Length of LOT1, mths, mean (SD), median *^# 3.8 (4.3), 2.5 5.4 (6.5), 3.5 3.6 (4.0), 2.8 4.8 (4.0), 4.3 4.1 (3.6), 3.6 5.2 (5.1), 4.5 Monotherapy in LOT1*^# 322 (69) 158 (78) 371 (61) 272 (36) 1623 (38) 1254 (25) Biologic in LOT*^# 136 (29) 38 (19) 384 (64) 603 (80) 3523 (82) 4066 (80) Most common LOT1 regimens (%)┼ 1st aza (19) cyt (17) R (24) FCR (23) R (26) RCHOP (39) 2nd dec (15) dec (17) chl (19) BR (21) RCHOP (25) R (14) 3rd cyt (9) aza (17) FCR (12) R (16) RCVP (9) BR (7) Hospice, N (%) 124 (27) - 74 (12) - 664 (15) - Died, N (%) 204 (44) - 177 (29) - 1040 (24) - *^# p<0.05 for AML, CLL and NHL progression cohorts respectively ┼no testing Aza-azacitadine, B-bendamustine, C-cyclophosphamide, chl-chlorambucil, cyt-cytarabine, dec-decitabine, F-fludarabine, R-rituximab, V-vincristine RCHOP=R,C,V,doxorubicin±prednisone RCVP=R,C,V±prednisone Disclosures Dacosta Byfield: Optum: Employment. Engel-Nitz:United Health Group: Equity Ownership; Optum: Employment. Bancroft:Optum: Employment; United Health Group: Equity Ownership. Anderson:Optum: Employment; United Helath Group: Equity Ownership. Reyes:Genentech: Employment; Roche: Equity Ownership. Ravelo:Roche: Equity Ownership; Genentech, Inc.: Employment. Ogale:Roche: Equity Ownership; Genentech, Inc.: Employment.
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Rohatgi, Radha, and Sadhna Shankar. "Chemotherapy Related Errors in the Pediatric Oncology Unit At a Tertiary Care Institution,." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 4197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.4197.4197.
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Abstract Abstract 4197 Medication errors are responsible for 98,000 deaths and over almost a million injuries every year according to the Institute of Medicine report published in 1999. Cancer patients often receive complicated chemotherapy regimens which are at risk for errors. Few studies have evaluated the risk of medication errors related to chemotherapy. Majority of these studies are related to adult cancer patients. Studies regarding chemotherapy errors in pediatric patients are limited. The goal of this study was to evaluate the type and severity of errors related to chemotherapy administration in the pediatric oncology inpatient unit and outpatient clinic at a single institution over a 24 month period using a voluntary error reporting system in the institution. WebEnvision is a voluntary electronic reporting system implemented in 2007, that allows staff to anonymously report patient or staff safety incidents. We evaluated all the chemotherapy related WebEnvision reports from June 1, 2009 to May 31, 2011. All reports related to prescribing, dispensing and administering chemotherapy medications were included. Reports related to a supportive care measures were excluded. The reports were reviewed by both authors and graded according to the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention Index for medication errors. The errors were also classified by type as defined by the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists guidelines for preventing medication errors. A total of 1030 reports related to oncology patients were recorded during the study period. Of these, 246 (23.9%) were related to chemotherapy. Thirty nine thousand preparations were dispensed by the chemotherapy pharmacy during the study period. The median number of chemotherapy drugs on orders associated with an error was 2 with a range of 1 to 6. The median length of chemotherapy treatment per order was 3 days with a range of 1 to 56 days. Approximately half (47%) of the errors occurred in patients undergoing treatment for leukemia or lymphoma, 28% for solid tumors, 17% for brain tumors, and 7% for non-malignant hematology patients. Ninety four (38%) errors were attributed to pharmacy, 83 (34%) to the providers, and 51 (20%) to the nurses. Seventy six (31%) were prescribing errors, 41 (16%) were administration errors, 31 (13%) were dispensing errors, and 26 (11%) were transcription errors. Approximately half (44%) of errors were of category B, an error occurred but did not reach the patient. Seventy six (31%) reports were category A, circumstances for error were present but no error occurred. Fifty nine (24%) were category C, an error reached the patient but caused no harm. Three errors reached the patient and could have contributed to harm (category D, F,G). Approximately one in three dispensing errors (32%), one in six prescribing errors (17%) and one in ten (11%) transcription errors reached the patient. Prescribing errors were the most common chemotherapy related errors in this study. One in four of all errors reached the patients. Errors occurred despite an institutional policy of two independent checks by providers, pharmacists, and nurses. More diligence is necessary on part of the person performing the second check on chemotherapy orders. Computerized provider order entry may help reduce chemotherapy related errors. Table1. Types of chemotherapy related errors Types of Errors N (%) Prescribing 76 (31) Delay 58 (23) Administration 41 (16) Dispensing 31 (13) Transcription 26 (11) Monitoring 7 (3) Compliance 4 (2) Omission 3 (1) Total 246 (100) Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Veselý, Arnošt. "Policy formulation redesigned: A new understanding of policy design and its implications for instruction." Teaching Public Administration 38, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144739420901729.
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Despite the fact that our knowledge on how policies are designed has substantially improved during the last two decades, prescriptive literature on policy formulation remains largely disconnected from these new findings. The article examines five major assumptions upon which policy formulation is still predominantly based: (a) there is one way policies are and should be formulated; (b) effective formulation of policies is more about the right application of methods than of the substance of a policy domain; (c) policy formulation is about choosing from mutually exclusive alternatives; (d) problem definition has priority over problem solution; (e) there is a clear distinction between policy formulation, adoption and implementation. This article shows why these assumptions are outdated and that they lead to many practical problems in the teaching of policy analysis. It is argued that policy formulation guidelines and training in policy formulation should be based on current policy design scholarship that stresses, for instance, the importance of local knowledge, deep understanding of actors’ perspectives and the need to formulate policy packages. The article concludes with preliminary recommendations on how to move forward, illustrated with concrete examples from practice.
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Artaraz, Kepa. "Understanding Global Social Policy - Edited by N. Yeates." Social Policy & Administration 43, no. 1 (February 2009): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.2008.641_1.x.
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Steinberg, Paul F. "Causal Assessment in Small-N Policy Studies." Policy Studies Journal 35, no. 2 (May 2007): 181–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2007.00215.x.
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Friss, Lois. "C. Health Services Management And Policy Bibliography." Review of Policy Research 5, no. 2 (November 1985): 459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1985.tb00370.x.
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Veselý, Arnošt, and Anna Zelinková. "Public Policy Programmes and Policy Analysis Instruction in the Czech Republic." Central European Journal of Public Policy 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cejpp-2016-0003.
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Abstract The aim of the paper is to provide the first systematic review of instruction in public policy programmes (PPP) in the Czech Republic and examine the role and nature of policy analysis therein. First, the Czech higher education system is briefly described. Second, an overview of PPP in the Czech Republic is provided. This analysis is based upon a publicly available list of degree programmes accredited by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, an internet search, e-mail correspondence with public policy and policy analysis instructors, and syllabuses. It is shown that while a diverse set approaches is used, the classical “positivist” perspective is clearly dominant. Third, using survey data (N = 192) we analyse the views of Public and Social Policy graduates on the importance of competences in practice and the quality of actually learnt competences. Last, preliminary conclusions on public policy/policy analysis instruction in the Czech Republic are discussed. It is shown that public policy instruction is rather fragmented and is institutionalized under different disciplines. The respondents were most satisfied with gaining skills in the areas of policy analysis, ability to orient oneself and acquire new knowledge, and strategic and analytical thinking. In contrast, they were least satisfied with acquiring organizational skills, practical professional experience and skills, and computer literacy.
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Porter, Laurellen. "Congress and Policy Change.Gerald C. Wright, Jr. , Leroy N. Rieselbach , Lawrence C. Dodd." Journal of Politics 49, no. 3 (August 1987): 892–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2131294.
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Guo, Ruiling, Steven D. Berkshire, Lawrence V. Fulton, and Patrick M. Hermanson. "Use of evidence-based management in healthcare administration decision-making." Leadership in Health Services 30, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-07-2016-0033.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether healthcare leaders use evidence-based management (EBMgt) when facing major decisions and what types of evidence healthcare administrators consult during their decision-making. This study also intends to identify any relationship that might exist among adoption of EBMgt in healthcare management, attitudes towards EBMgt, demographic characteristics and organizational characteristics. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted among US healthcare leaders. Spearman’s correlation and logistic regression were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23.0. Findings One hundred and fifty-four healthcare leaders completed the survey. The study results indicated that 90 per cent of the participants self-reported having used an EBMgt approach for decision-making. Professional experiences (87 per cent), organizational data (84 per cent) and stakeholders’ values (63 per cent) were the top three types of evidence consulted daily and weekly for decision-making. Case study (75 per cent) and scientific research findings (75 per cent) were the top two types of evidence consulted monthly or less than once a month. An exploratory, stepwise logistic regression model correctly classified 75.3 per cent of all observations for a dichotomous “use of EBMgt” response variable using three independent variables: attitude towards EBMgt, number of employees in the organization and the job position. Spearman’s correlation indicated statistically significant relationships between healthcare leaders’ use of EBMgt and healthcare organization bed size (rs = 0.217, n = 152, p < 0.01), attitude towards EBMgt (rs = 0.517, n = 152, p < 0.01), and the number of organization employees (rs = 0.195, n = 152, p = 0.016). Originality/value This study generated new research findings on the practice of EBMgt in US healthcare administration decision-making.
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Marsh, Kassandra, Nabeela Ahmed, Arnold Decano, Yanina Dubrovskaya, Shin-Pung (Polly) Jen, Justin Siegfried, Xian Jie (Cindy) Chen, and Cristian Merchan. "Safety of intravenous push administration of beta-lactams within a healthcare system." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 77, no. 9 (April 27, 2020): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa044.
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Abstract Purpose A critical shortage of small-volume parenteral solutions in late 2017 led hospitals to develop strategies to ensure availability for critical patients, including administration of antibiotics as intravenous push (IVP). Minimal literature has been published to date that assesses the safety of administration of beta-lactams via this route. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of IVP administration of select beta-lactam antibiotics. Methods We performed a retrospective review of IVP administrations of aztreonam, ceftriaxone, cefepime, and meropenem at two campuses of the New York University Langone Health system after October 2017. Patients receiving surgical prophylaxis or more than one IVP antibiotic simultaneously were excluded. The primary endpoint was adverse events (ADE) following IVP administration of antibiotics. Results We evaluated 1000 patients who received IVP aztreonam (n = 43), ceftriaxone (n = 544), cefepime (n = 368) or meropenem (n = 45). There were 10 (1%) ADE observed, 5 of which were allergic reactions. Four ADE were neurotoxicity related to IVP cefepime. Based on the Naranjo score, 1 adverse event was “probably” and 3 were “possibly” related to cefepime IVP administration. Lastly, only 1 report of phlebitis was observed with the use of IVP ceftriaxone. Conclusions The use of IVP as an alternative to intravenous piggyback (IVPB) during times of drug shortage for select beta-lactam antibiotics appears to be safe, and ADE are similar to those previously described for IVPB administration. Future studies evaluating clinical outcomes between IVP and IVPB administration may be of benefit.
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Joulfaian, David. "Debt Policy and Corporate Choice of Organizational Form." Public Finance Review 39, no. 6 (November 2011): 770–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142111422441.
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Corporate income is taxed twice, once at the entity level and then taxed once again at the shareholder level. In addition, the corporate tax system favors debt over equity financing of capital expenditures; corporations are able to deduct interest on borrowed funds, unlike the return to equity. By excessive borrowing, corporations are able to reduce the burden of double taxation. In contrast, noncorporate entities such as S corporations and partnerships are only taxed once at the shareholder level. Switching their organizational form, say from C to S corporate status, allows firms to engage in a form of self-help integration and avoid double taxation. But do C corporations that switch their organizational form to the S status less leveraged? The evidence suggests that they do, albeit modestly, and may provide further support to the incentive effects of taxes on debt policy.
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Chu, Kar-Hai, Tina B. Hershey, Beth L. Hoffman, Riley Wolynn, Jason B. Colditz, Jaime E. Sidani, and Brian A. Primack. "Puff Bars, Tobacco Policy Evasion, and Nicotine Dependence: Content Analysis of Tweets." Journal of Medical Internet Research 24, no. 3 (March 25, 2022): e27894. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/27894.
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Background Puff Bars are e-cigarettes that continued marketing flavored products by exploiting the US Food and Drug Administration exemption for disposable devices. Objective This study aimed to examine discussions related to Puff Bar on Twitter to identify tobacco regulation and policy themes as well as unanticipated outcomes of regulatory loopholes. Methods Of 8519 original tweets related to Puff Bar collected from July 13, 2020, to August 13, 2020, a random 20% subsample (n=2661) was selected for qualitative coding of topics related to nicotine dependence and tobacco policy. Results Of the human-coded tweets, 2123 (80.2%) were coded as relevant to Puff Bar as the main topic. Of those tweets, 698 (32.9%) discussed tobacco policy, including flavors (n=320, 45.9%), regulations (n=124, 17.8%), purchases (n=117, 16.8%), and other products (n=110, 15.8%). Approximately 22% (n=480) of the tweets referenced dependence, including lack of access (n=273, 56.9%), appetite suppression (n=59, 12.3%), frequent use (n=47, 9.8%), and self-reported dependence (n=110, 22.9%). Conclusions This study adds to the growing evidence base that the US Food and Drug Administration ban of e-cigarette flavors did not reduce interest, but rather shifted the discussion to brands utilizing a loophole that allowed flavored products to continue to be sold in disposable devices. Until comprehensive tobacco policy legislation is developed, new products or loopholes will continue to supply nicotine demand.
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Schwach, Vera, Denis Bailly, Anne-Sofie Christensen, Alyne E. Delaney, Poul Degnbol, Wim L. T. van Densen, Petter Holm, et al. "Policy and knowledge in fisheries management: a policy briefa." ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, no. 4 (March 30, 2007): 798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm020.
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Abstract Schwach, V., Bailly, D., Christensen, A-S., Delaney, A. E., Degnbol, P., van Densen, W. L. T., Holm, P., McLay, H. A., Nielsen, K. N., Pastoors, M. A., Reeves, S. A., and Wilson, D. C. 2007. Policy and knowledge in fisheries management: a policy brief. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 798–803. The EU project Policy and Knowledge in Fisheries Management investigated the use of biological knowledge in various parts of the fisheries system, using North Sea cod as a case study. The project examined the way scientific advice was generated from technical and institutional perspectives, as well as the way claims about science appeared in both policy-setting and in public debate through the press. The results suggested that many people involved in the system want a new way to reflect about science in management. People from all major stakeholder groups are calling for a more interactive system of producing a common knowledge base. Such a system could bring uncertainty from its current marginal role as the leftovers of certainty to the heart of the science process. It would require stakeholders to help address uncertainty and to negotiate a more realistic placement of burden of proof.
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BROWN, PATRICK, RUBÉN FLORES, and ANDY ALASZEWSKI. "Understanding Policy Scandals in Historical Context: A Longer-Term Lens for Policy Analysis." Journal of Social Policy 49, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004727941900014x.
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AbstractThe emergence of and reaction to policy scandals has been usefully studied through comparative case studies. Far less attention has been devoted, however, to the study of such scandals in long-term historical context. With the aim of illuminating longer-term social processes which shape the likelihood that (health)care scandals emerge, we delineate three areas where such changes are visible: a) changing formats of social relations and emotions within and around care provision, and thereby understandings of and demands for compassionate care; b) heightened organisational and political sensitivity to failings; and c) changes in media reporting on healthcare failings, as well as in policy-makers’ responsiveness to and manipulation of media. We consider the 2013 Mid Staffordshire scandal in the English National Health Service and the extant policy literature on this scandal to help illuminate the added analytical value of our long-term approach. In the final section we explore the interconnection of the three processes and how longer-term approaches open up new vistas for policy analysis.
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Saunders, Elizabeth. "Ideology, Realpolitik, and US Foreign Policy." Perspectives on Politics 11, no. 2 (May 21, 2013): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592713000431.
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Explaining the Iraq War: Counterfactual Theory, Logic and Evidence. By Frank P. Harvey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 360p. $103.00 cloth, $29.99 paper.The Iraq War initiated by the Bush administration in 2003 was and perhaps continues to be an important episode in world politics, US politics, and the politics of the Middle East. The war also galvanized controversy among public intellectuals and broader publics, and generated strong opposition in many European and Middle Eastern countries. In Explaining the Iraq War, Frank P. Harvey offers an interesting analysis of the war and its causes, and does so in a way that raises broader questions about politics and about the scientific study of politics. We have thus invited a distinguished group of political scientists from a variety of subfields to review the book, both as an account of the Iraq War and as a contribution to political science more generally.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor
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Gilley, Bruce. "Ideology, Realpolitik, and US Foreign Policy." Perspectives on Politics 11, no. 2 (May 21, 2013): 584–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592713000443.
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Explaining the Iraq War: Counterfactual Theory, Logic and Evidence. By Frank P. Harvey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 360p. $103.00 cloth, $29.99 paper.The Iraq War initiated by the Bush administration in 2003 was and perhaps continues to be an important episode in world politics, US politics, and the politics of the Middle East. The war also galvanized controversy among public intellectuals and broader publics, and generated strong opposition in many European and Middle Eastern countries. In Explaining the Iraq War, Frank P. Harvey offers an interesting analysis of the war and its causes, and does so in a way that raises broader questions about politics and about the scientific study of politics. We have thus invited a distinguished group of political scientists from a variety of subfields to review the book, both as an account of the Iraq War and as a contribution to political science more generally.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor
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Dawisha, Adeed. "Ideology, Realpolitik, and US Foreign Policy." Perspectives on Politics 11, no. 2 (May 21, 2013): 578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153759271300087x.
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Explaining the Iraq War: Counterfactual Theory, Logic and Evidence. By Frank P. Harvey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 360p. $103.00 cloth, $29.99 paper.The Iraq War initiated by the Bush administration in 2003 was and perhaps continues to be an important episode in world politics, US politics, and the politics of the Middle East. The war also galvanized controversy among public intellectuals and broader publics, and generated strong opposition in many European and Middle Eastern countries. In Explaining the Iraq War, Frank P. Harvey offers an interesting analysis of the war and its causes, and does so in a way that raises broader questions about politics and about the scientific study of politics. We have thus invited a distinguished group of political scientists from a variety of subfields to review the book, both as an account of the Iraq War and as a contribution to political science more generally.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor
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Ehrenberg, John. "Ideology, Realpolitik, and US Foreign Policy." Perspectives on Politics 11, no. 2 (May 21, 2013): 581–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592713000881.
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Explaining the Iraq War: Counterfactual Theory, Logic and Evidence. By Frank P. Harvey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 360p. $103.00 cloth, $29.99 paper.The Iraq War initiated by the Bush administration in 2003 was and perhaps continues to be an important episode in world politics, US politics, and the politics of the Middle East. The war also galvanized controversy among public intellectuals and broader publics, and generated strong opposition in many European and Middle Eastern countries. In Explaining the Iraq War, Frank P. Harvey offers an interesting analysis of the war and its causes, and does so in a way that raises broader questions about politics and about the scientific study of politics. We have thus invited a distinguished group of political scientists from a variety of subfields to review the book, both as an account of the Iraq War and as a contribution to political science more generally.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor
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Walt, Stephen M. "Ideology, Realpolitik, and US Foreign Policy." Perspectives on Politics 11, no. 2 (May 21, 2013): 586–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592713001138.
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Explaining the Iraq War: Counterfactual Theory, Logic and Evidence. By Frank P. Harvey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 360p. $103.00 cloth, $29.99 paper.The Iraq War initiated by the Bush administration in 2003 was and perhaps continues to be an important episode in world politics, US politics, and the politics of the Middle East. The war also galvanized controversy among public intellectuals and broader publics, and generated strong opposition in many European and Middle Eastern countries. In Explaining the Iraq War, Frank P. Harvey offers an interesting analysis of the war and its causes, and does so in a way that raises broader questions about politics and about the scientific study of politics. We have thus invited a distinguished group of political scientists from a variety of subfields to review the book, both as an account of the Iraq War and as a contribution to political science more generally.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor
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Christie, Stella, and R. M. Teeuw. "Policy and administration of contaminated land within the European Union." European Environment 10, no. 1 (January 2000): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0976(200001/02)10:1<24::aid-eet215>3.0.co;2-n.
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Maggetti, Martino, and Philipp Trein. "Policy integration, problem-solving, and the coronavirus disease crisis: lessons for policy design." Policy and Society 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puab010.
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Abstract The coronavirus disease pandemic has exposed differences in the capacity of governments around the world to integrate and coordinate different policy instruments into a coherent response. In this article, we conceptualize and empirically examine policy integration in responses to the coronavirus disease crisis in 35 countries. We then discuss how the interplay between restrictions, health protection, and economic policy has been articulated between, on the one hand, a policy design based on the complementarity of pro-public health and pro-economy measures, implying an integrated response, and, on the other, a policy design based on the perception of an inherent trade-off between the two. Finally, we discuss three implications from our analysis of policy integration against the coronavirus disease crisis for the post-COVID state: (a) the normalization and adaptation of integrated crisis responses; (b) the possible acceleration and “catching up” of problem-solving capacity as governments may use the crisis as an instance to put into place new social policies; and (c) policy integration as an accelerator of policy complexity and resistance against technocracy in the post-COVID state.
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Santalo, Oscar, Joelle Farano, Jacqualine Igwe, and Niaz Deyhim. "Survey of health-system pharmacy administration and leadership residencies." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 77, no. 6 (February 6, 2020): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz327.
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Abstract Purpose To perform an inquiry with response measurement from health-system pharmacy administration and leadership (HSPAL) residency program directors and residents to distinguish variances between the programs and identify enhancement opportunities for key stakeholders. Methods Members from the Pharmacy Administration Resident Collaboration Research Committee developed separate 20-question survey instruments to assess the strengths and areas of opportunity for HSPAL residency programs from the perspective of residency program directors and residents. The survey instruments were designed to evaluate the level of pharmacy service integration across HSPAL programs nationwide. Results Nearly half of the residency program directors within the listserv (40.74%, 33/81) participated in the survey. The recognized areas of opportunity by residency program directors include community pharmacy leadership, professional organization involvement, sterile compounding, and supply chain management. About a third (32.54%, 41/126) of the residents participated in the survey. Residents reported the least exposure to community pharmacy leadership, human resource management, informatics, professional organizations, and ambulatory care/specialty rotations. The overall recommendations for HSPAL residency programs are to incorporate C-suite–level experiences, improve alumni engagement, develop longitudinal human resource/financial experiences, and encourage resident credential obtainment. Conclusion In order to foster professional and leadership growth for HSPAL residents, residency programs should consider incorporating C-suite–level experiences, longitudinal human resource/finance experiences, alumni engagement opportunities, rotation variety, professional organization involvement, and support in credential obtainment.
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Yu Jia, Wu. "The Impact of China`s Acid Rain and Sulfur Dioxide Control Zones Policy on Industrial Sulfur Dioxide Emissions: A Panel Analysis." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 26, no. 2 (August 31, 2011): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps26204.
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In order to control sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions, the Chinese government in 1998 implemented the Acid Rain and Sulfur Dioxide Emission Control Zones policy (known as the Two Control Zone or TCZ policy). In a panel analysis of the impact of the TCZ policy on China`s industrial SO2 emissions, two-way fixed-effects models show that it did not significantly reduce either per capita SO2 emissions or SO2 intensity in China. The study also reveals that instead of the traditional inverted U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve, the relationship between income growth and sulfur pollution in China favors an N-shaped pattern. The empirical results indicate that the TCZ policy has not had a consistent, longterm impact on sulfur pollution control. This is in accord with previous studies and the actual situation in the two control zones. This paper presents two policy recommendations for improving the mitigation of SO2 pollution in China.
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Woods, Megan, and Morgan Parker Miles. "Collaborative development of enterprise policy." International Journal of Public Sector Management 27, no. 3 (April 8, 2014): 174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-09-2012-0121.
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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to integrate an augmented version of the Thompson et al. model of enterprise policy, delivery, practice and research with services marketing models including SERVQUAL and strategic conversations; and demonstrate a practical application of the analysed through the application of N-Vivo qualitative data classification software to create more satisfying enterprise policy recommendations that better reflect the voices of SMEs and other stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach – A five-stage iterative process model to integrate stakeholder input into enterprise policy recommendations is developed through integrating services marketing theory and the Thompson et al. model into a field study of community conversations hosted by the Tasmanian Department of Economic Development, Tourism and the Arts, Regional Development Australia's Tasmanian committee, and local governments. Findings – The five-stage iterative model leverages strategic conversations, analysis (through N-Vivo), comments and revisions, recommendation co-creation, and policy assessment using SERQUAL to craft more satisfying policy recommendations. Research limitations/implications – The first limitation was the time and costs associated with conducting the community consultation workshops and analysing the data. The second limitation was the inability to craft policy quickly in response to a changing environment due to the time taken to collect and transcribe the data, undertake the analysis, and develop and report policy recommendations. The third limitation was the complexity of coordinating three levels of government, which took time and effort because each level had different interests and time frames and were at times distracted by other priorities. Originality/value – This paper contributes to better enterprise policy by providing a process model developed using both theory and a field study to illustrate how policy makers can co-develop policy that is more satisfying to policy stakeholders.
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Bridger, G. "Development studies and colonial policy G. Ingham and C. Simmons Frank Cass, London, 1987, 292 pp." Public Administration and Development 9, no. 3 (June 1989): 336–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230090314.
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Aboumrad, Maya, Alexander Fuld, Christina Soncrant, Julia Neily, Douglas Paull, and Bradley V. Watts. "Root Cause Analysis of Oncology Adverse Events in the Veterans Health Administration." Journal of Oncology Practice 14, no. 9 (September 2018): e579-e590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.18.00159.
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Purpose: Oncology providers are leaders in patient safety. Despite their efforts, oncology-related medical errors still occur, sometimes resulting in patient injury or death. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) National Center of Patient Safety used data obtained from root cause analysis (RCA) to determine how and why these adverse events occurred in the VHA, and how to prevent future reoccurrence. This study details the types of oncology adverse events reported in VHA hospitals and their root causes and suggests actions for prevention and improvement. Methods: We searched the National Center for Patient Safety adverse event reporting database for RCA related to oncology care from October 1, 2013, to September 8, 2017, to identify event types, root causes, severity of outcomes, care processes, and suggested actions. Two independent reviewers coded these variables, and inter-rater agreement was calculated by κ statistic. Variables were evaluated using descriptive statistics. Results: We identified 48 RCA reports that specifically involved an oncology provider. Event types included care delays (39.5% [n = 19]), issues with chemotherapy (25% [n = 12]) and radiation (12.5% [n = 6]), other (12.5% [n = 6]), and suicide (10.5% [n = 5]). Of the 48 events, 27.1% (n = 13) resulted in death, 4.2% (n = 2) in severe harm, 18.8% (n = 9) in temporary harm, 20.8% (n = 10) in minimal harm, and 2.1% (n = 1) in no harm. The majority of root causes identified a need to improve care processes and policies, interdisciplinary communication, and care coordination. Conclusion: This analysis highlights an opportunity to implement system-wide changes to prevent similar events from reoccurring. These actions include comprehensive cancer clinics, usability testing of medical equipment, and standardization of processes and policies. Additional studies are necessary to assess oncologic adverse events across specialties.
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Ziboreva, O. B. "Concepts and signs of public administration." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 64 (August 14, 2021): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.64.40.
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The article is devoted to the definition of the concept in the signs of public administration. It was found that the transition from the state-centric paradigm of state administration to the concept of a service state led to the renewal of the conceptual apparatus of administrative law. There was a need to substantiate the essence and characteristics of public administration, with the help of which the goals of the existence of a service state are realized.It is substantiated that the category “public administration” occupies an important place in modern scientific research. Scientists of public administration are mainly considered as: a) a way of realizing public interest as the interest of a certain social community, united within the territory of the state; b) as a mechanism for the implemen-tation of state policy; c) as the activity of public authorities (or state bodies and local self-government bodies) aimed at achieving socially important goals.It has been established that the definition of the concept of “public administration” in a broad sense depends to a certain extent on the level of development of democratic relations in society. If the state is characterized as democratic, then public administration can be defined as professional, paid, funded from the state and local budgets, the activities of state bodies and local self-government bodies, their officials, aimed at ensuring the rights, needs and interests of man and citizen, civil society, subjects objects of entrepreneurial activity and other participants in public relations within the framework of a unified state (public) policy. In a narrow, technocratic, understanding, public administration of any state can be considered as a set of actions of state-authorized bodies and their officials aimed at implementing public policy measures in all spheres of society.It has been proved that the signs of public administration are: a) the relationship between the direction of actions of persons directly carrying out public administration measures and state (public) policy; b) the professional nature of public administration; c) detailed legal regulation of most of the public administration activities; d) the presence of a distribution of competence between various subjects of public administration in order to avoid duplication of their functions.
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Loput, Charity M., Connie L. Saltsman, Risa C. Rahm, Wm Dan Roberts, Sanya Sharma, Cindy Borum, and Jennifer A. Casey. "Evaluation of medication administration timing variance using information from a large health system’s clinical data warehouse." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 79, Supplement_1 (October 15, 2021): S1—S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab378.
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Abstract Purpose An analysis to determine the frequency of medication administration timing variances for specific therapeutic classes of high-risk medications using data extracted from a health-system clinical data warehouse (CDW) is presented. Methods This multicenter retrospective, observational analysis of medication administration data from 14 hospitals over 1 year was conducted using a large enterprise health-system CDW. The primary objective was to assess medication administration timing variance for focused therapeutic classes using medication orders and electronic medication administration records data extracted from the electronic health record (EHR). Administration timing variance patterns between standard hospital staffing shifts, within therapeutic drug classes, and for as-needed (PRN) medications were also studied. To assess medication administration timing variance, calculated variables were created for time intervals of 30-59, 60-120, and greater than 120 minutes. Scheduled medications were assessed for delayed administration and PRN medications for early administration. Results A total of 5,690,770 medication administrations (3,418,275 scheduled and 2,272,495 PRN) were included in the normalized data set. Scheduled medications were frequently subject to delays of ≥60 minutes (15% of administrations, n = 275,257) when scheduled for administration between 9-10 AM and between 9-10 PM. By therapeutic drug class, scheduled administrations of insulins, heparin products, and platelet aggregation inhibitors were the most commonly delayed. For PRN medications, medications in the anticoagulant and antiplatelet agent class (most commonly heparin flushes and line-management preparations) were most likely to be administered early, defined as more than 60 minutes from the scheduled time of first administration. Conclusion The findings of this study assist in understanding patterns of delayed medication administration. Medication class, time of day of scheduled administration, and frequency were factors that influenced medication administration timing variance.