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Capano, Giliberto, Andrea Pritoni, and Giulia Vicentini. "Do policy instruments matter? Governments’ choice of policy mix and higher education performance in Western Europe." Journal of Public Policy 40, no. 3 (March 5, 2019): 375–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x19000047.
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AbstractGovernments pursue their goals by adopting various mixes of policy instruments. This article proposes a specific operationalisation of these mixes and applies it to the analysis of reforms that many Western European governments have pursued, as they have adopted a similar policy design in their higher education systems (HESs) over the last 20 years. In fact, although these policies have similar templates, performance indicators exhibit remarkable variation between countries. Thus, by applying Qualitative Comparative Analysis to a large data set containing all changes in policy instruments undertaken in the last 20 years in 12 HESs in Western Europe, this article explores the possibility that differences in performance across national HESs could be associated – ceteris paribus – with different policy mixes. This article finds not only that the common template has been applied through very different national policy mixes but also that only a few instruments are regularly linked to good teaching performance, regardless of the other components of the actual policy mix.
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Tak, Byungchul, Seorin Park, and Prabhakar Kudva. "Priolog: Mining Important Logs via Temporal Analysis and Prioritization." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 9, 2019): 6306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226306.
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Log analytics are a critical part of the operational management in today’s IT services. However, the growing software complexity and volume of logs make it increasingly challenging to mine useful insights from logs for problem diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a novel technique, Priolog, that can narrow down the volume of logs into a small set of important and most relevant logs. Priolog uses a combination of log template temporal analysis, log template frequency analysis, and word frequency analysis, which complement each other to generate an accurately ranked list of important logs. We have implemented this technique and applied to the problem diagnosis task of the popular OpenStack platform. Our evaluation indicates that Priolog can effectively find the important logs that hold direct hints to the failure cause in several scenarios. We demonstrate the concepts, design, and evaluation results using actual logs.
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Shafer, Byron E., and Regina L. Wagner. "The Trump Presidency and the Structure of Modern American Politics." Perspectives on Politics 17, no. 02 (October 29, 2018): 340–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592718003353.
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How much of politics is specific to its actors and how much is the reflection of an established structure is a perennial concern of political analysts, one that becomes especially intense with the candidacy and then the presidency of Donald Trump. In order to have a template for assigning the outcomes of politics to structure rather than idiosyncrasy, we begin with party balance, ideological polarization, substantive content, and a resulting process of policy-making drawn from the immediate postwar period. The analysis then jumps forward with that same template to the modern world, dropping first the Trump candidacy and then the Trump presidency into this framework. What emerges is a modern electoral world with increased prospects for what might be called off-diagonal candidacies and a policy-making process that gathers Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump together as the modern presidents.
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Lee, Graham R., Maria C. Fitzgibbon, and Paula O'Shea. "In control? IQC consensus and statutory regulation." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 29, no. 5 (June 13, 2016): 492–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-08-2015-0097.
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Purpose – Internal quality control (IQC) represents an essential risk management tool within the total testing pathway (TTP) that contributes to the overall objective of assuring the quality of results produced in medical laboratories. Controlling analytical phase quality alone requires significant expertise and input by scientifically trained staff. This effort has escalated exponentially following the publication of the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)15189:2012 requirements for quality and competence in medical laboratories. The reported inconsistency and diversity to IQC approaches in diagnostic laboratories is definitive evidence that international guidance in IQC programme design and implementation is long overdue. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Herein, the authors define, describe and critically examine the essential elements four stages of an IQC programme and suggest a template to inform both design and ease of implementation. For practical application, the authors have stratified the proposed methodology into four stages: staff education and training; IQC material; IQC targets; and IQC procedure, and provide recommendations that meet ISO15189:2012 requirements. Findings – These recommendations are informed by the published literature together with the collective experience working in clinical biochemistry and diagnostic endocrinology laboratories. The authors note that the laboratory staff’s effort on IQC is a continuous process, driven by changes within each IQC stage, in response to risk analysis, maximising economic value or through professional leadership and central to IQC programme implementation and delivery. Practical implications – The authors offer a template that laboratories can use to inform the design and implementation of their IQC programme. Originality/value – The proposed IQC programme is user friendly, flexible and pragmatic with the potential to harmonise practice. The authors have provided a template to potentially harmonise IQC practice nationally. Given the central and critical role that IQC practice plays in ensuring the quality of patient results’ importance, the authors contend that the time has come for international consensus and statutory regulation regarding the minimally acceptable criteria for its implementation, monitoring and review.
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Lee, Graham R., Maria C. Fitzgibbon, and Paula O'Shea. "Laboratory services: regaining and maintaining control." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 29, no. 5 (June 13, 2016): 507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-08-2015-0098.
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Purpose – After implementing an internal quality control (IQC) programme, the purpose of this paper is to maintain the requisite analytical performance for clinical laboratory staff, thereby safeguarding patient test results for their intended medical purpose. Design/methodology/approach – The authors address how quality can be maintained and if lost, how it can be regained. The methodology is based on the experience working in clinical laboratory diagnostics and is in accord with both international accreditation requirements and laboratory best practice guidelines. Findings – Monitoring test performance usually involves both prospective and retrospective IQC data analysis. The authors present a number of different approaches together with software tools currently available and emerging, that permit performance monitoring at the level of the individual analyser, across analysers and laboratories (networks). The authors make recommendations on the appropriate response to IQC rule warnings, failures and metrics that indicate analytical control loss, that either precludes further analysis, or signifies deteriorating performance and eventual unsuitability. The authors provide guidance on systematic troubleshooting, to identify undesirable performance and consider risk assessment preventive measures and continuous quality improvement initiatives; e.g., material acceptance procedures, as tools to help regain and maintain analytical control and minimise potential for patient harm. Practical implications – The authors provide a template for use by laboratory scientific personnel that ensures the optimal monitoring of analytical test performance and response when it changes undesirably. Originality/value – The proposed template has been designed to meet the International Organisation for Standardisation for medical laboratories ISO15189:2012 requirements and therefore includes the use of External Quality Assessment and patient results data, as an adjunct to IQC data.
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Kiernan, Matthew D., and Mick Hill. "Framework analysis: a whole paradigm approach." Qualitative Research Journal 18, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-d-17-00008.
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Purpose Students of social research methods in search of a “Haynes manual” type set of instructions are often, if not invariably, thwarted in their ambitions and are either confronted with an abstract description which remains firmly at the level of methodology or, alternatively, an uncritical mechanical template for application. The purpose of this paper is not to rectify these deficits, but rather to make the interplay between epistemological and methodological concerns and those relating to method visible to inspection. Design/methodology/approach To illustrate this interplay, the authors present one example of a piece of applied policy research which employed a process of framework analysis. Findings It is argued that rhetorical transparency in the creation of any qualitative account enhances its authenticity, and in part, this article demonstrates that it remains possible to maintain reflexive awareness of epistemological and methodological concerns whilst at the same time pursuing clear and practical methodical guidelines. Originality/value This article provides unique approach to providing researchers with a practical guide to framework analysis with theoretical reflection on the wider methodological concerns.
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Szczepanek, Connie M., Patricia Hurley, Marjorie J. Good, Andrea Denicoff, Kelly Willenberg, Casey Dawson, and Dax Kurbegov. "Feasibility of a Centralized Clinical Trials Coverage Analysis: A Joint Initiative of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the National Cancer Institute." Journal of Oncology Practice 13, no. 6 (June 2017): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.2016.020313.
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Purpose: Clinical trial billing compliance is a challenge that is faced by overburdened clinical trials sites. The requirements place institutions and research sites at increased potential for financial risk. To reduce their risk, sites develop a coverage analysis (CA) before opening each trial. For multisite trials, this translates into system-wide redundancies, inconsistencies, trial delays, and potential costs to sites and patients. These factors exacerbate low accrual rates to cancer clinical trials. ASCO and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) collaborated to address this problem. Methods: An ASCO Research Community Forum working group proposed the concept of providing centrally developed CAs to research sites at protocol startup. The group collaborated with NCI and billing compliance experts to hold a symposium for key stakeholders to share knowledge, build skills, provide tools to conduct centralized CAs, and strategize about the next steps. Results: Forty-eight attendees, who represented a range of stakeholders, participated in the symposium. As a result of this initiative, NCI directed the Cancer Trials Support Unit to convene a working group with NCI’s National Clinical Trials Network (NCTN) and Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) to develop tools and processes for generating CAs for their trials. A CA template with core elements was developed and is being adapted in a pilot project across NCTN Group and NCORP Research Bases. Conclusion: Centralized CAs for multisite trials—using standardized tools and templates—are feasible. They have the potential to reduce risk for patients and sites, forecast budget needs, and help decrease trial startup times that impede patient access and accrual to clinical trials.
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Kentikelenis, Alexander, and Leonard Seabrooke. "Organising knowledge to prevent global health crises: a comparative analysis of pandemic preparedness indicators." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 8 (August 2021): e006864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006864.
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Preparing for the possibility of a global pandemic presents a transnational organisational challenge: to assemble and coordinate knowledge over institutionally diverse countries with high fidelity. The COVID-19 pandemic has laid these problems bare. This article examines the construction of the three main cross-national indicators of pandemic preparedness: a database with self-reported data by governments, external evaluations organised by the WHO and a global ranking known as the Global Health Security Index. Each of these presents a different model of collecting evidence and organising knowledge: the collation of self-reports by national authorities; the coordination of evaluation by an epistemic community authorised by an intergovernmental organisation and on the basis of a strict template; and the cobbling together of different sources into a common indicator by a transnational multi-stakeholder initiative. We posit that these models represent different ways of creating knowledge to inform policy choices, and each has different forms of potential bias. In turn, this shapes how policymakers understand what is ‘best practice’ and appropriate policy in pandemic preparedness.
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Buttigieg, Sandra C., Dorothy Gauci, and Prasanta Dey. "Continuous quality improvement in a Maltese hospital using logical framework analysis." Journal of Health Organization and Management 30, no. 7 (October 10, 2016): 1026–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-11-2015-0185.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the application of logical framework analysis (LFA) for implementing continuous quality improvement (CQI) across multiple settings in a tertiary care hospital. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a multiple case study approach. LFA is implemented within three diverse settings, namely, intensive care unit, surgical ward, and acute in-patient psychiatric ward. First, problem trees are developed in order to determine the root causes of quality issues, specific to the three settings. Second, objective trees are formed suggesting solutions to the quality issues. Third, project plan template using logical framework (LOGFRAME) is created for each setting. Findings This study shows substantial improvement in quality across the three settings. LFA proved to be effective to analyse quality issues and suggest improvement measures objectively. Research limitations/implications This paper applies LFA in specific, albeit, diverse settings in one hospital. For validation purposes, it would be ideal to analyse in other settings within the same hospital, as well as in several hospitals. It also adopts a bottom-up approach when this can be triangulated with other sources of data. Practical implications LFA enables top management to obtain an integrated view of performance. It also provides a basis for further quantitative research on quality management through the identification of key performance indicators and facilitates the development of a business case for improvement. Originality/value LFA is a novel approach for the implementation of CQI programs. Although LFA has been used extensively for project development to source funds from development banks, its application in quality improvement within healthcare projects is scant.
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Faleye, Olukayode A. "Border Securitisation and Politics of State Policy in Nigeria, 2014–2017." Insight on Africa 11, no. 1 (November 22, 2018): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975087818805887.
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This article examines the politics of public policies characterised by increased securitisation of Nigeria’s national boundary from 2014 to 2017. While the regulation appears on paper to discourage transborder crime, capital outflow and sustain a favourable balance of payment, the existing armoury of West African border literature argues otherwise. What is new in the transborder dynamics of West Africa? What informs government’s border policies in Nigeria? In answering these questions, this study provides a template for a reassessment of the gap between borderlands theory and policy in West Africa. The approach is comparative based on the critical analysis of oral interviews, government trade records, newspaper reports and the extant literature. The article provides a platform for rethinking of the nexus between governance and development in West Africa from the securitisation and neo-patrimonial perspectives. It concludes that effective border management in Nigeria is set aback by misguided and dysfunctional elitist-centred regulations that are devoid of the realities on the ground.
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Parente, Stephen T., Charles E. Phelps, and Patrick J. O'Connor. "Economic analysis of medical practice variation between 1991 and 2000: The impact of patient outcomes research teams (PORTs)." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 24, no. 03 (July 2008): 282–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462308080380.
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Objectives:The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the multi-hundred million dollar investment by the federal government in the developing Patient Outcomes Research Teams (PORTs) in over a dozen major academic medical centers in the United States throughout the 1990s. The objective of the PORTs was to reduce unnecessary clinical variation in medical treatment.Methods:Using an economic derivation of welfare loss attributable to medical practice variation and hospital admission claims data for 2 million elderly patients generalizable to the nation, we estimate the change in welfare between 1991 and 2000, the period within which the PORTs were designed and executed and their results disseminated.Results:Our results show inpatient admission types targeted by the PORTs did have less welfare loss relative to their total expenditure by 2000, but that there was not a net decrease in the welfare loss for all hospital admissions affected by the PORT.Conclusions:We conclude that PORTs may have had favorable effects on welfare, most likely by reducing variation in clinical care, but that causality cannot be proved, and the effects were not equal across all conditions targeted by PORTs. This research provides a methodological template that may be used to evaluate the impact of patient safety research on welfare loss and on variation in medical treatment in both hospital and ambulatory settings.
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Yang, Chai, Yanjun Wang, Xiaoxuan Hu, Yujun Chen, Liting Qian, Fuchang Li, Wei Gu, Qiang Liu, Di Wang, and Xiaoqing Chai. "Improving Hospital Based Medical Procurement Decisions with Health Technology Assessment and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 58 (January 2021): 004695802110229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580211022911.
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This research proposes a new medical procurement decision-making tool named Evaluation of Medical Technology Procurement (EMTP), which combines Mini-health Technology Assessment (Mini HTA) with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), as well as the intuitionistic linguistic multi-criteria group decision model for multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). This tool was applied to a medical device procurement decision in a large provincial general hospital with more than 5000 beds in China as a case study. Specifically, the AHP evaluation framework is first established to determine the evaluation dimensions and criteria. This goal is achieved by applying the AdHopHTA Mini-HTA template and gathering data from questionnaires completed by experts from 33 major public hospitals in Anhui Province, China. The professionals within the application hospital were invited to evaluate the alternative products in a pairwise comparison and obtain a ranking of their advantages and disadvantages. This goal is achieved using the intuitionistic linguistic fuzzy model to deal with the subjectivity and uncertainty that may be present in the professional evaluation by experts in different fields. At the same time, the Keeney-Raiffa MCDA (KRM) method was used to demonstrate the accuracy of the application results. The results show that our tool can achieve the same effect as the verification method while being more efficient, easier to use, and requiring fewer participants. The advantages and disadvantages of several evaluation methods combined with multi-criteria methods are discussed, including verification methods, pointing out the advantages and limitations of this research tool as well as the prospects for the future.
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Powell, Martin, and Sophie King–Hill. "Intra-crisis learning and prospective policy transfer in the COVID-19 pandemic." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 40, no. 9/10 (October 2, 2020): 877–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-07-2020-0339.
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PurposeThis article brings together the literatures on policy learning and lesson drawing with the intra-crisis learning literature in order to assess “learning lessons” in the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachIt carries out a structured review of articles that seek to provide lessons for the pandemic. It examines these articles using interpretative content analysis to apply the criteria of prospective policy transfer to the material.FindingsApplication of the criteria of prospective policy transfer suggests that lesson drawing was fairly limited. It is often not fully clear why nations were selected. Many articles were brief and provided limited detail, meaning that there was little depth on issues such as problems and goals and on policy performance or policy success or failure. There was limited discussion of transferability of lessons, and few clear lessons could be drawn. Finally, the extent to which it was possible to learn lessons in a “non-routine” or “less routine” crisis, under conditions of threat, uncertainty and urgency was generally not discussed.Practical implicationsThe criteria within the framework of prospective policy transfer provide a template for policy makers to assess lessons.Originality/valueThis article indicates the problems of attempting to draw lessons from the past or from other nations to an unprecedented crisis, where decision-making is characterized by elements of threat, urgency and uncertainty.
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Satolo, Eduardo Guilherme, and Alexandre Tadeu Simon. "Critical analysis of assessment methodologies for intraorganizational sustainability." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 26, no. 2 (March 9, 2015): 214–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-09-2013-0108.
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Purpose – Sustainability is in vogue nowadays. It is a new concept and it has yet to be studied in more depth and rigor to create a stronger understanding. There are several lines of research and development in this area, each one using a specific template for measuring sustainability what poses even greater difficulties to those interested in the subject. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and compare current models for measuring organizational sustainability. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a literature review identifying six models that have synergies in their structures and methods for measuring sustainability. It also analyzes each model highlighting key individual features identifying similarities and differences. Findings – Results indicates it is necessary to improve existing models and gathering positive features of each model may be the starting point for obtaining a measurement model of sustainability. Research limitations/implications – This work is restricted to perform a critical analysis of models for measuring intra-organizational sustainability. Originality/value – This is one of the first studies to investigate models that assess sustainability from the intra-organizational perspective.
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Upadhyai, Raghav, Arvind K. Jain, Hiranmoy Roy, and Vimal Pant. "Participants’ Perspectives on Healthcare Service Quality in Multispecialty Hospitals: A Qualitative Approach." Journal of Health Management 22, no. 3 (August 4, 2020): 446–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972063420938471.
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Professional services like healthcare operate with high degree of information asymmetry, where usually the seeker of service lacks knowledge and skills, and as a result, they cannot evaluate the benefits. Alternative indicators in the service delivery are sought by the seekers to bring evenness in their evaluation, which might not be reflective of providers’ perspectives of care. This study attempts to explore perspectives of both the participants in healthcare service delivery in multispecialty hospital settings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using snowball sampling with doctors, paramedical staff and managers in multispecialty hospitals and patients and their attendants who have visited the same set of hospitals during past one year. The narratives of the respondents based on a priori interview themes were converted into textual data. Template analysis technique was used to thematically analyse and present the results. Differing accounts of two participants emerged out of the analysis and a gap between providers’ and seekers’ perspectives of each other’s expectations and perceptions of performance was observed. This study is a novel attempt to simultaneously account for both the participants’ perspectives to present a holistic picture rather than a one-sided view of healthcare service quality.
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Potvin, Kenneth A., and Marcel C. Leclair. "Comprehensive Approach to Utilization Review Based on Patient-Specific Costing Data." Healthcare Management Forum 8, no. 4 (December 1995): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)60928-3.
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The Ottawa General Hospital (OGH) is one of a growing number of institutions that has implemented a cost accounting system. The ability to track costs on a patient-specific basis provides an exciting avenue for reviewing the use of resources. With the accumulation of a complete fiscal year of data, the hospital recently embarked on a review process to identify opportunities for more detailed review with practitioners. This will support the OGH's surgical approach of targeting cuts, rather than making across-the-board reductions. The objective is to allow the hospital to maintain the highest levels of quality and service as the eroding funding situation allows. This paper describes the comprehensive approach taken by the review team to identify populations of patients that were relatively homogeneous and yet showed the greatest practice pattern variances between physicians. The method described provides a template for others to summarize large amounts of data and stratify patient groups for more detailed analysis of the patient care delivery process.
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Tronnier, Amy, Collin F. Mulcahy, Ayal Pierce, Ivy Benjenk, Marian Sherman, Eric R. Heinz, Scott Honeychurch, Geoffrey Ho, Kendarius Talton, and David Yamane. "COVID-19 Intubation Safety: A Multidisciplinary, Rapid-Cycle Model of Improvement." American Journal of Medical Quality 35, no. 6 (August 18, 2020): 450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1062860620949141.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the health care industry to develop dynamic protocols to maximize provider safety as aerosolizing procedures, specifically intubation, increase the risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. The authors sought to create a quality improvement framework to ensure safe practices for intubating providers, and describe a multidisciplinary model developed at an academic tertiary care facility centered on rapid-cycle improvements and real-time gap analysis to track adherence to COVID-19 intubation safety protocols. The model included an Intubation Safety Checklist, a standardized documentation template for intubations, obtaining real-time feedback, and weekly multidisciplinary team meetings to review data and implement improvements. This study captured 68 intubations in suspected COVID-19 patients and demonstrated high personal protective equipment compliance at the institution, but also identified areas for process improvement. Overall, the authors posit that an interdisciplinary workgroup and the integration of standardized processes can be used to enhance intubation safety among providers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Lin, Hsiu-Chin, Matthew Howard, and Sethu Vijayakumar. "A novel approach for representing and generalising periodic gaits." Robotica 32, no. 8 (August 13, 2014): 1225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026357471400188x.
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SUMMARYOur goal is to introduce a more appropriate method of representing, generalising and comparing gaits; particularly, walking gait. Human walking gaits are a result of complex, interdependent factors that include variations resulting from embodiments, environment and tasks, making techniques that use average template frameworks suboptimal for systematic analysis or corrective interventions. The proposed work aims to devise methodologies for being able to represent gaits and gait transitions such that optimal policies that eliminate the inter-personal variations from tasks and embodiments may be recovered. Our approach is built upon (i) work in the domain of nullspace policy recovery and (ii) previous work in generalisation for point-to-point movements. The problem is formalised using a walking-phase model, and the nullspace learning method is used to generalise a consistent policy from multiple observations with rich variations. Once recovered, the underlying policies (mapped to different gait phases) can serve as reference guideline to quantify and identify pathological gaits while being robust against interpersonal and task variations. To validate our methods, we have demonstrated robustness of our method with simulated sagittal two-link gait data with multiple ground truth constraints and policies. Pathological gait identification was then tested on real-world human gait data with induced gait abnormality, with the proposed method showing significant robustness to variations in speed and embodiment compared to template-based methods. Future work will extend this to kinetic features and higher dimensional features.
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Lee, Sungwoo, Sungho Tae, Hyungjae Jang, Chang U. Chae, and Youngjin Bok. "Development of Building Information Modeling Template for Environmental Impact Assessment." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 3092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063092.
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Eco-friendly building designs that use building information modeling (BIM) have become popular, and a variety of eco-friendly building assessment technologies that take advantage of BIM are being developed. However, existing building environmental performance assessment technologies that use BIM are linked to external assessment tools, and there exist compatibility issues among programs; it requires a considerable amount of time to address these problems, owing to the lack of experts who can operate the programs. This study aims to develop eco-friendly templates for assessing the embodied environmental impact of buildings using BIM authoring tools as part of the development of BIM-based building life cycle assessment (LCA) technologies. Therefore, an embodied environmental impact unit database was developed, for major building materials during production and operating stages, to perform embodied environmental impact assessments. Moreover, a major structural element library that uses the database was developed and a function was created to produce building environmental performance assessment results tables, making it possible to review the eco-friendliness of buildings. A case study analysis was performed to review the feasibility of the environmental performance assessment technologies. The results showed a less than 5% effective error rate in the assessment results that were obtained using the technology developed in this study compared with the assessment results based on the actual calculation and operating stage energy consumption figures, which proves the reliability of the proposed approach.
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Çelebi, Dilay. "An Extended Framework for Development of a National Logistics Performance Management System." International Journal of Knowledge-Based Organizations 9, no. 3 (July 2019): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkbo.2019070104.
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Due to the rapid and increasing integration of national markets, more and more countries are adopting some form of a logistics development policy. Even though a key aspect of success in logistics systems improvement is an efficient performance management system, a systematic analysis of national logistics performance management systems has attracted limited attention in academic literature. In this article, the author constructs a conceptual framework model which focuses on a holistic and integrated model of national logistics performance management. The intention is to provide a tool which enables the correct deployment of national strategies to logistics policies and to present a template to help describing the key aspects of design and operation of national logistics performance management systems.
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O'Brien, Peter, and Andy Pike. "City deals, decentralisation and the governance of local infrastructure funding and financing in the UK." National Institute Economic Review 233 (August 2015): R14—R26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011523300103.
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This article reflects upon a comparative analysis of the 28 ‘City Deals’ agreed between UK government, Scottish government and city-regional groupings in England and Scotland since 2011. The City Deals have sought to incentivise local actors to identify and prioritise ‘asks’ of UK and devolved governments, fund, finance and deliver infrastructure and other economic development interventions, and to reform city/city-region governance structures to ‘unlock’ urban growth. Our analysis is based upon 32 in-depth interviews with lead actors in the City Deals, including elected officials from local government, central government officials and policy specialists from think tanks, as well as a secondary literature review. We find that City Deals are reworking the role of the UK state internally and through changed central-local and intra-local (city-regional) relations. Regional and urban public policy is being recast as a process of deal-making founded upon territorial competition and negotiation between central national and local actors unequally endowed with information and resources, leading to highly imbalanced and inequitable outcomes across the UK. As a template for public policymaking in an emergent and decentralising context, deal-making raises substantive and unresolved issues for governance in the UK that are especially pertinent as the new Conservative government at Westminster pledges to widen and broaden this approach as a central component of its future devolution strategy and policy.
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Chaudhuri, Sumana, and Shovan Ray. "Social and Economic Impact Analysis of Vadinar Refinery of Essar Oil: The Case of a Mega Refinery." Indian Economic Journal 66, no. 1-2 (March 2018): 100–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466219864801.
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The article is a case study on Essar Oil’s Vadinar Refinery in Gujarat. In the wake of the decision to divest the stake to Rosneft group of Russia, the Ruia’s-led Essar Group were interested to present a portrayal of the financial profitability and socio-economic importance of their refinery project at Vadinar. The project was assigned to the authors towards evaluation. The analysis assumes significance as refinery is a strategic sector, and there lies immense potential for Indian refiners to attain sustainable competitive advantage through economies of scale and adoption of most advanced technologies to process sour crude of the highest complexity, thus, producing the cleanest fuels in multiple distillates. Using a social cost–benefit approach, the article evaluates the financial viability and socio-economic contribution of the refinery at Vadinar at the local and regional level, focusing on multiplier effect of income, tax and savings generated, including other externalities. The present findings would assist in policy implications for the strategic investment in refinery operations as well as building a template for future researchers interested to explore the economic aspect of oil refineries from welfare perspective. JEL: B41, D60, D61, D62, H23, H43, L71, O22, Q43
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Derhy, Patrick H., Karen A. Bullingham, and Andrew J. Bryett. "Digital pen and paper technology is an effective way of capturing variance data when using arthroplasty clinical pathways." Australian Health Review 33, no. 3 (2009): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090453.
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The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of digital pen and paper technology (DP&PT) to capture clinical pathway variance data in real time and at the point of care for patients on an arthroplasty pathway. This study was conducted across multiple departments providing orthopaedic services in a public health care facility. Treating clinicians were required to record variance data on a predefined coded template, and these data were uploaded to a database for analysis and reporting. The information could be represented in a web-based user interface for immediate review. User acceptance, length of stay (LOS), accuracy of data, and reliability of the DP&PT hardware were measured. User acceptance was high; LOS reduced; and the data and hardware were, respectively, found to be accurate and robust. This technology provides a dependable, real-time solution to transform handwritten clinical data into a digital format. The data available will help inform clinicians of areas for clinical practice improvement, and provide ongoing monitoring of care processes for patients on a clinical pathway. Future studies should aim to assess if using this method to capture variance data is a more efficient and effective means of informing clinical decision making than retrospective review processes.
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Hayes, Kathryn J., Kathy Eljiz, Ann Dadich, Janna-Anneke Fitzgerald, and Terry Sloan. "Trialability, observability and risk reduction accelerating individual innovation adoption decisions." Journal of Health Organization and Management 29, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 271–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-08-2013-0171.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a retrospective analysis of computer simulation’s role in accelerating individual innovation adoption decisions. The process innovation examined is Lean Systems Thinking, and the organizational context is the imaging department of an Australian public hospital. Design/methodology/approach – Intrinsic case study methods including observation, interviews with radiology and emergency personnel about scheduling procedures, mapping patient appointment processes and document analysis were used over three years and then complemented with retrospective interviews with key hospital staff. The multiple data sources and methods were combined in a pragmatic and reflexive manner to explore an extreme case that provides potential to act as an instructive template for effective change. Findings – Computer simulation of process change ideas offered by staff to improve patient-flow accelerated the adoption of the process changes, largely because animated computer simulation permitted experimentation (trialability), provided observable predictions of change results (observability) and minimized perceived risk. Research limitations/implications – The difficulty of making accurate comparisons between time periods in a health care setting is acknowledged. Practical implications – This work has implications for policy, practice and theory, particularly for inducing the rapid diffusion of process innovations to address challenges facing health service organizations and national health systems. Originality/value – The research demonstrates the value of animated computer simulation in presenting the need for change, identifying options, and predicting change outcomes and is the first work to indicate the importance of trialability, observability and risk reduction in individual adoption decisions in health services.
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Mitchell, William H. F. "The Primitive Church Revived." Church History and Religious Culture 101, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-bja10017.
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Abstract Recent scholarship has highlighted the religious dimensions of political argument in William III’s England. This article adds to this trend through a political analysis of pieces on the Apostolic Age that were written, re-printed, or cited, in the reign of William III. The Age was manipulated to legitimise the Williamite settlement in two ways. First, the early Christians’ ecclesiastical structures and practices were compared favourably to the contemporary Church of England, and unfavourably with Roman Catholic regimes. This contrast bolstered the bipolar confessional divide that underpinned William III’s claim to the English throne. Second, the supposed pan-national spiritual sympathy of the early Christians was regarded as a template for contemporary European Protestants, who were worthy of the protection that formed the bedrock of William III’s foreign policy.
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Ogada, Agnes, George Achoki, and Amos Njuguna. "EFFECT OF SYNERGY ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MERGED INSTITUTIONS." American Journal of Finance 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajf.100.
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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of synergy on the financial performance of merged institutions.Methodology: The study adopted a mixed methodology research design. The study population included all the 51 merged financial service institutions in Kenya. Purposive sampling was used. Primary data was obtained from questionnaires and a secondary data collection template was also used. The researcher used quantitative techniques in analyzing the data. Descriptive analysis for the study included the use of means, frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics such as correlation analysis was also used. Panel data analysis was also applied. Further, a pre and post merger analysis was used.Results: Synergy had a significant relationship with financial performance of merged institutions.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that institutions should critically evaluate the overall business and operational compatibility of the merging institutions and focus on capturing long-term financial synergies. They should increase their scope to create high performing supply chains with significant long-term upside that provide sustained value for customers and stakeholders.
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Chen, An-Che, and Hau-Wei Huang. "Analysis Approach of User Centered Innovation for Call Center Services in Telecommunication." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 4, no. 12 (December 31, 2016): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol4.iss12.74.
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The growing global market of telecommunication services continuously promotes expanding customer needs and customer cares. Despite the efforts to facilitate Web-based services for customer contacts, Call Center Services (CC) with Interactive Voice Response Systems (IVR) currently remain the primary channel for customer services in telecommunication industries. In reality, the development of the system structure for IVR and the subsequent Call Center Information System are mainly based on the perspectives from the internal function processes on the provider side, i.e., a rather technical- or business- function oriented approach. User centered approaches of system innovation are therefore needed for better user experiences for such customer services. This study aims to establish a template analysis framework for the system improvement towards user-centered customer services, through conducting an empirical study in a major telecom company in Taiwan. Sampled system records in IVR logs are extracted and further linked with the corresponding transaction records which are routinely reported by customer service representatives for call handlings. In addition, individual interviews with customer service agents are also the other primary part of this system analysis. The interview results show that the problematic repair service dispatch policy and the personnel proficiency in business inquiries are critical to the quality of customer services. By further cross-referencing the results of system analysis and agent interviews, practical suggestions for system innovation towards a user-centered customer service system as well as the implications for theoretical research are in further discussion.
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Guo, Hui, Hui-Jun Qi, Xu-Rui Li, Ning Xu, Qian Zhao, Zhang-Shun Shen, Yang-Juan Jia, and Jian-Guo Li. "Effect of a Template Case Report Based on Cognitive Task Analysis on Emergency Thinking Ability of Resident Doctors in Standardized Training." Patient Preference and Adherence Volume 15 (July 2021): 1585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s302025.
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Darnton, Christopher. "Archives and Inference: Documentary Evidence in Case Study Research and the Debate over U.S. Entry into World War II." International Security 42, no. 3 (January 2018): 84–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00306.
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Did Franklin Delano Roosevelt escalate confliict with Japan and Germany before Pearl Harbor, or did he attempt to avoid war? To what extent did U.S. public opinion influence these decisions? And, crucially, how do we know? Scholars offer diametrically opposed analyses of this historical case, bearing directly on international relations theories regarding the effects of democracy on war and foreign policy. In this debate and the broader security studies field, scholars increasingly employ published and archival primary sources. Because researchers lack a clear template for descriptive and causal inference with documentary evidence, though, such work is indeterminate and ultimately unpersuasive. How can political scientists approach archives and primary documents more effectively and efficiently? Above all, case studies need stronger research designs and clearer source selection strategies, not just more authoritative documents. A critical review of the sources cited in recent scholarship in the debate leading to the United States' entry into World War II, and a replication analysis of a key portion of the documentary record, underscores this need for improved research design and buttresses eight guidelines for the selection and analysis of textual evidence in case study research.
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Lam, Patrick T. I., and Jack S. YU. "Developing and managing photovoltaic facilities based on third-party ownership business models in buildings." Facilities 34, no. 13/14 (October 3, 2016): 855–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-04-2015-0019.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the growing trend of developing and managing photovoltaic facilities owned by third parties in buildings, as a possible alternative to energy performance contracting. Design/methodology/approach Based on an established business model template, analysis is carried out on the framework of using third-party finance in the provision of photovoltaic facilities in buildings. Case studies in the USA and China enable comparison of policy tools enabling this approach. Findings While barriers exist in the common energy performance contracting approach for renewable installations owned by the building owner, vesting photovoltaic equipment with a third party for a certain period has become a viable business alternative as long as revenue is generated through a power purchase agreement or lease arrangement with the building owner. Research limitations/implications The third-party ownership business model works better if sufficient policy incentives exist alongside the revenue brought about by renewable energy. Hence, governments have to create the right environment. Originality/value Win-win situations have been identified through case studies in countries with burgeoning renewable energy use in buildings, notably the USA and China, giving new insights on facilities management.
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Cohn, Margit. "NON-STATUTORY EXECUTIVE POWERS: ASSESSING GLOBAL CONSTITUTIONALISM IN A STRUCTURAL-INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 64, no. 1 (December 19, 2014): 65–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589314000554.
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AbstractThis article analyses the source, nature, and use of unilateral, non-statutory executive powers, frequently employed as a governance tool but rarely studied in a comparative context. Exercised in the absence of direct statutory authorization, such powers are often invoked by executives in emergency and foreign affairs contexts, but are equally central to domestic policy-making. Unilateral executive power challenges two central democratic values that support the separation of powers ideal: representation and deliberation. Different structural treatments of these powers are considered through a comparison of three constitutional regimes, those of the United States, the United Kingdom and Israel. Despite material structural differences between these systems, the emerging patterns are similar enough to support the argument that direct law-making by the executive is an unavoidable element of the political sphere. Developing a template for comparison analysis, this article shows that a pattern of functional convergence has emerged, unsupported by overt transplantation or borrowing between these systems. The results set a possible challenge to the growing recognition of global world constitutionalism, at least in structural-institutional contexts.
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Ogada, Dr Agnes, Dr George Achoki, and Dr Amos Njuguna. "MODERATING EFFECT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MERGED INSTITUTIONS." International Journal of Finance 1, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijf.37.
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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the moderating effect of economic growth on financial performance of merged institutions Methodology: The study adopted a mixed methodology research design. The study population included all the 51 merged financial service institutions in Kenya. Purposive sampling was used. Primary data was obtained from questionnaires and a secondary data collection template was also used. The researcher used quantitative techniques in analyzing the data. Descriptive analysis for the study included the use of means, frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics such as correlation analysis was also used. Panel data analysis was also applied. Further, a pre and post merger analysis was used.Results: There was a significant relationship between the moderating effect of economic growth and financial performance of merged institutions.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The government and Central Bank of Kenya to come up with strategies and policies to protect the financial services sector due to its immense contribution to the economy of the country by formulating policies aimed at controlling the effects of rapid fluctuations of the macro economic factors and their effects on the sector.
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Ogada, Agnes, George Achoki, and Amos Njuguna. "EFFECT OF BOARD SIZE ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MERGED INSTITUTIONS." American Journal of Finance 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajf.99.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was establishing the effect of board size on the financial performance of merged institutions.Methodology: The study adopted a mixed methodology research design. The study population included all the 51 merged financial service institutions in Kenya. Purposive sampling was used. Primary data was obtained from questionnaires and a secondary data collection template was also used. The researcher used quantitative techniques in analyzing the data. Descriptive analysis for the study included the use of means, frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics such as correlation analysis was also used. Panel data analysis was also applied. Further, a pre and post merger analysis was used.Results: Board size had a significant relationship with financial performance of merged institution.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was recommended that, firms are place a remarkable degree of emphasis on the area of corporate governance and to some extent embark on eliminating CEO duality. The study also recommends a board size (6 and 8) for better financial performance. This will reduce the problem of free rider and enhance effective monitoring and decision making. It will also bring about cohesion among the board members.
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Garpenby, Peter, and Karin Bäckman. "Formal priority setting in health care: the Swedish experience." Journal of Health Organization and Management 30, no. 6 (September 19, 2016): 891–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-09-2014-0150.
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Purpose From the late 1980s and onwards health care in Sweden has come under increasing financial pressure, forcing policy makers to consider restrictions. The purpose of this paper is to review experiences and to establish lessons of formal priority setting in four Swedish regional health authorities during the period 2003-2012. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on a variety of sources, and evidence is organised according to three broad aspects: design and implementation of models and processes, application of evidence and decision analysis tools and decision making and implementation of decisions. Findings The processes accounted for here have resulted in useful experiences concerning technical arrangements as well as political and public strategies. All four sites used a particular model for priority setting that combined top-down- and bottom-up-driven elements. Although the process was authorised from the top it was clearly bottom-up driven and the template followed a professional rationale. New meeting grounds were introduced between politicians and clinical leaders. Overall a limited group of stakeholders were involved. By defusing political conflicts the likelihood that clinical leaders would regard this undertaking as important increased. Originality/value One tendency today is to unburden regional authorities of the hard decisions by introducing arrangements at national level. This study suggests that regional health authorities, in spite of being politically governed organisations, have the potential to execute a formal priority-setting process. Still, to make priority-setting processes more robust to internal as well as external threat remains a challenge.
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Aamodt, Hilde Anette. "Å beslutte med henblikk på risiko? – Når politikken dytter ansvaret over på barnevernets ansatte." Dansk Sociologi 28, no. 3 (October 15, 2017): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v28i3.5643.
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Artikkelens tema er hvordan barnevernet, gjennom sine kommunikative beslutninger, skaper praksis. Mer konkret har jeg undersøkt hvordan saksbehandlerne i barnevernetsundersøkelser kommer frem til beslutninger gjennom å forholde seg til ulike forventninger. Gjennom analysen synliggjøres det hvordan barnevernetsundersøkelser langt på veiblir styrt av forventninger den enkelte saksbehandler og forelder ønsker å innfri. Disse handler for eksempel om å ha minst en samtale med barnet, samt å følge en undersøkerplan. Dermed blir det å ikke følge undersøkerplanen eller det å ikke snakke med barnet sett som usikre handlingsvalg mot målet om å sikre ”den gode undersøkelse”. Barnevernets beslutninger vil dermed inngå i et i et rasjonaliseringsprogram hvor hensikten eller målet er å unngå risiko. På den måten synes barnevernetsundersøkelser å være styrt av en risikopolitikk som tjenerhensikten å være på den sikre siden og hvor fremtidens nødvendige uvisshetblirbarnevernets problem. Risikopolitikken bringer barnevernetinn i enpraksis det ikke selv har definert og setter dermed barnevernetinn i en tilstandav fare. Politikken påleggerbarnevernet å omsette alle svake punkter tilforebyggelsesprogrammer med den hensikten å sikre ”den gode praksis”. Detbetyr en praksis hvor standardisering og maler blir de mest opplagte svarene.På den måtenblir det barnevernet som organisasjon som bærer ansvaret foreventuelle feilvurderinger – ikke den politikken som ligger til grunn for handlingene.Ansvaret dyttes dermed over på barnevernets ansatte.
Søgeord: Niklas Luhmann, risikopolitikk, barnevern, beslutninger, sosialtarbeid
ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Hilde AnetteAamodt: Making decisions due to “risk”
The purpose of this article is to analyze how child welfare services create
practice through communicative decisions. It analyzes how caseworkers in
child welfare investigations arrive at their decisions by dealing with different
expectations. The analysis showed that child welfare investigations are controlled
to a great extent by a predetermined template that defines what will
happen during these investigations. The caseworkers have clear expectations
as they attempt to follow fulfill the plan. These include having at least one
conversation with the child, as well as following the examination template.
Therefore not doing one or either of these is considered an unsafe action as
regards “doing a good examination.” Decisions about the child’s welfare will
therefore be part of a rational program, where the purpose or goal is to avoid
risk. In that way, child welfare investigations appear to be governed by a risk
policy that serves the purpose of being on the safe side, and where any uncertainties
in the future become the problem of the welfare agency. This risk policy
means that the child welfare service practice is not clearly defined, hence
endangering child welfare. The policy requires the child welfare service to
transform all weak points in the prevention programs to ensure “good practice”.
This means that standardization and templates are the most obvious
answers to good practice. In this way, the child welfare service is an organization
which bears responsibility itself for any errors of judgment – not the
policies themselves. Responsibility is hence transferred to the child welfare
service employees.
Keywords: NiklasLuhmann, risk politics, social work, child welfare, decisions
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Fang, Xiangming, Terry L. Roe, and Rodney B. W. Smith. "Water shortages, intersectoral water allocation and economic growth: the case of China." China Agricultural Economic Review 7, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 2–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-02-2014-0014.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the economic impacts of intra- and inter-regional water reallocation on sectoral transformation and economic growth. Design/methodology/approach – A multi-sector, Ramsey-type growth model is fit to Chinese data and used to perform policy experiments. Findings – An intra-regional water reallocation increases per capita gross domestic product (GDP) by about 1.5 percent per year over the period 2000-2060. The aggregate potential welfare gain due to this reallocation is 1002.51 billion RMB. Transferring water from southern to northern China via the South-North Water Transfer Project, on average, has a negligible impact on per capita GDP over the period 2000-2060, but aggregate welfare increases by 557.23 billion RMB. Combining intra-regional and inter-regional water reallocations, on average, increases per capita GDP by 0.38 percent per year over the period and the aggregate welfare gain from this combination is 1148.06 billion RMB. Each policy scenario has implications for long-run regional production patterns: In an intra-regional reallocation scenario, Southern China produces almost 70 percent of aggregate GDP, in the inter-regional transfer it produces 58 percent of aggregate GDP, while in a combined intra/inter-regional reallocation it produces 55 percent of aggregate GDP. Originality/value – This analysis can serve as a template for developing a useful planning tool that one can fit to national or regional data and use to examine a variety of policy relevant questions.
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Bagchi, Ann Dalton, and Tracy Davis. "Clinician Barriers and Facilitators to Routine HIV Testing: A Systematic Review of the Literature." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 19 (January 1, 2020): 232595822093601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958220936014.
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Background: Routine HIV screening rates are suboptimal. Objectives: This systematic review identified barriers to/facilitators of routine HIV testing, categorized them using the socioecological model (SEM), and provided recommendations for interventions to increase screening. Data Sources: Included articles were indexed in PubMed, EBSCO CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library between 2006 and October 2018. Eligibility Criteria: Included studies were published in English or Spanish and directly assessed providers’ barriers/facilitators to routine screening. Data Extraction: We used a standardized Excel template to extract barriers/facilitators and identify levels in the SEM. Data Synthesis: Intrapersonal factors predominated as barriers, while facilitators were directed at the institutional level. Limitations: Policy barriers are not universal across countries. Meta-analysis was not possible. We could not quantify frequency of any given barrier/facilitator. Conclusions: Increasing reimbursement and adding screening as a quality measure may incentivize HIV testing; however, many interventions would require little resource investment.
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Zafarina, Amanda Yunia, Murahartawaty Arief, and Rahmat Mulyana. "ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN TATA KELOLA TI MENGGUNAKAN COBIT 4.1 DOMAIN PLAN AND ORGANIZE DAN ACQUIRE AND IMPLEMENT: STUDI KASUS PT XYZ." Jurnal Sistem Informasi 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21609/jsi.v12i2.468.
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Companies that implement information technology should have the ability to manage the governance and the implementation of the Information Technology Governance (ITG). Application of IT Governance may support the organization in building a framework to direct and decide the utilization of IT according to the organization needs aligned with its vision, mission, values, strategy, and culture. Keputusan Minister of BUMN is the reference on good IT governance through its implementations in state-owned enterprises. According to the IT governance framework mentioned in PER-02/MBU/ 2013, COBIT 4.1 is a framework that focuses on the relationship between IT and enterprise business. Hence, in this research, COBIT (Control Objective for Information and Related Technology) 4.1 framework is used to analyze and design the IT governance. In the first phase, the maturity level is measured to analyze the maturity and gap level of the IT governance in PT. XYZ, i.e. using Plan and Organise (PO) and Acquire and Implement (AI) domains. In the next phase, the priority analysis is conducted. The result of the analysis is considered as essential and critical process take the next analysis, i.e. gap and risk analysis. Afterwards, the IT governance map is designed. The design includes policy, procedure, organization structure, technology recommendation, and processes priority related document template.
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Tsiachristas, Apostolos, Matthew Gittins, Henry Kitchener, and Alastair Gray. "Cost-effectiveness of strategies to increase cervical screening uptake at first invitation (STRATEGIC)." Journal of Medical Screening 25, no. 2 (May 22, 2017): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141317704679.
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Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of strategies to increase cervical cancer screening uptake at first invitation (STRATEGIC trial). Methods We performed an economic analysis alongside the STRATEGIC trial, comparing each of seven novel interventions for improving cervical screening uptake with control general practices in Greater Manchester and Grampian (United Kingdom). A template was developed to measure the intervention costs. Trial estimates of screening uptake were combined with data from the literature to estimate healthcare costs of each intervention. The added lifetime costs and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) of attending cervical screening were estimated by a systematic literature review, with relevant results pooled and weighted by study quality. Trial results and estimated lifetime costs and benefits of screening were then combined in a decision analytic model, giving an incremental cost per QALY gained for each intervention. Uncertainty was addressed in probabilistic and univariate sensitivity analyses. Results Intervention costs per screening round per woman attending varied from about £1.20 (2014 UK) for the nurse navigator intervention to £62 for the unrequested HPV self-sampler kit. The meta-analysis revealed a lifetime discounted benefit from screening of 0.043 QALYs per woman attending, at an additional lifetime discounted cost of £234. The incremental cost per QALY gained in all interventions was below £13,000. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses suggested that only unrequested self-sampling and timed appointments have a high probability of being cost-effective. Conclusions Unrequested self-sampling and timed appointments are likely to be cost-effective interventions. Further research is required on the duration of effects and on implementing combinations of interventions.
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Burton, Alexia Campbell, and Harriet Unsworth. "OP154 Industry And Clinician Views Of Medtech Innovation Briefings." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318001630.
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Introduction:The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Medtech Innovation Briefings (MIBs) are commissioned by the National Health Service (NHS) England and designed to support NHS and social care commissioners and staff who are considering using new medical devices and other medical, digital or diagnostic technologies. MIBs are fast flexible summaries of single technologies that are intended to be responsive to commissioners needs for information about innovative technologies. MIBs include a description of the technology, how it is used and its potential role in the treatment pathway. They also include a review of relevant published evidence and likely costs. As a relatively new product, the format of MIBs continues to evolve and in 2016 a more streamlined evaluation template was introduced. To ensure MIBs continue to meet users’ needs, a study was conducted to understand the opinions and requirements of core stakeholders and to identify key areas for future development.Methods:An initial cross-sectional online survey with NHS staff who were potential users of MIBs was carried out in December 2015. A second round of online and mail-out surveys were circulated between November 2016 and May 2017 to medical technology manufactures and an additional group of NHS staff. Descriptive analysis was used for all quantitative data and qualitative data was summarized using thematic analysis.Results:Thirty-nine medical professionals and fourty-two manufacturer representatives participated in the surveys. More than half of clinicians were aware of MIBs and thought that raising awareness and visibility should be a future priority. Manufactures regarded MIBs as having a positive or mixed impact on innovation, access, or uptake by the healthcare system.Conclusions:Stakeholders are using MIBs in a variety of ways and there was and a range of suggestions for their future development particularly regarding moving from single technology evaluation to simultaneous assessment of similar technologies.
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He, Chin-Yu, Ching-Pin Tung, and Yong-Jun Lin. "Applying the DRCA Risk Template on the Flood-Prone Disaster Prevention Community Due to Climate Change." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 17, 2021): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020891.
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Climate change is apparent, and the impacts are becoming increasingly fierce. The community’s adaptation is more important than before. Community-based adaptation (CBA) is now gaining worldwide attention. Taiwan has promoted disaster prevention communities (DPC) for many years. Although the communities’ promotion can increase their capacity to promote efficiency, the top-down job designation may not adequately meet the community’s needs. This research aims to establish a community adaptation model and focus on building community adaptation capabilities from the bottom-up due to climate change. We design a community adaptation model that integrated climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR). A disaster reduction and climate adaptation (DRCA) risk template was illustrated and adopted in the study. The 2D flooding model using future rainfall simulates the flooding depth for the hazard for it. This information is offered for discussing possible countermeasures with residents during the participatory risk analysis process. An urban laboratory concept is also adopted in this study. The Zutian community, Tucheng District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, a flood-prone community, served as a case study area to illustrate those concepts and tools. The proposed adaptation model could then strengthen the community’s resilience to cope with future impacts due to climate change.
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Roy, Priyanka, Annalisa Grandi, and Enrico Pira. "On demonetization short term effects: Psychosocial risks in tea garden workers." Work 69, no. 1 (May 26, 2021): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-213475.
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BACKGROUND: In November 2016, the government of India declared 86%of the total money in circulation as demonetized. This policy was brought into effect overnight, and it had great macro socioeconomic impact not only on the economy of the country but on the common people, especially the socioeconomically challenged. While several researchers have focused on, and continue to investigate, the effects of demonetization on the economy, its impact on the psychosocial health of workers has not yet been studied. OBJECTIVE: To provide an exploratory investigation of the psychosocial consequences of demonetization on the workers in Indian tea gardens. METHODS: A qualitative research approach was employed. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with seven key informants (clinicians and executives/managers), and 36 tea garden workers were involved in six focus groups. Collected data were analyzed using the Template Analysis technique. RESULTS: From the data analysis, five main themes emerged concerning the psychosocial factors involved in demonetization effects: socioeconomic changes, organizational consequences, workplace interpersonal relationships, work-family interface, and psychophysical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study highlighted the significant impact that demonetization had on tea gardens at both the organizational and individual levels.
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Ogada, Dr Agnes, Dr George Achoki, and Dr Amos Njuguna. "EFFECT OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS STRATEGIES ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF FINANCIAL SERVICES SECTOR." International Journal of Finance 1, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijf.36.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of mergers and acquisitions strategies on financial performance of firms in the financial services sector in Kenya.Methodology: The study adopted a mixed methodology research design. The study population included all the 51 merged financial service institutions in Kenya. Purposive sampling was used. Primary data was obtained from questionnaires and a secondary data collection template was also used. The researcher used quantitative techniques in analyzing the data. Descriptive analysis for the study included the use of means, frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics such as correlation analysis was also used. Panel data analysis was also applied. Further, a pre and post merger analysis was used.Results: Cost efficiency was found to have a positive and significant effect on financial performance of merged institutions. Diversification had no significant effect on financial performance of merged institutions. Synergy had a significant relationship with financial performance of merged institutions. Board size had a significant relationship with financial performance of merged institution and there was a significant relationship between the moderating effect of economic growth and financial performance of merged institutions.Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that policy makers (government) should be able to create or promote the enabling environment for facilitating mergers and acquisitions that concerns infrastructure provision, as a way of achieving cost reduction that could motivate similar mergers in other institutions in Kenya, stakeholders are to identify where their most immense profit pools lie and focus on improving those units responsible for them, the management of the financial services institutions should embrace diversification and financial innovation on product strategies as this will help in generating more income for the banks.
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Schliemann, Désirée, Nicholas Matovu, Kogila Ramanathan, Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre, Ciaran O'Neill, Frank Kee, Tin Tin Su, and Michael Donnelly. "Implementation of colorectal cancer screening interventions in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e037520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037520.
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IntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) imposes a significant global burden of disease. CRC survival rates are much lower in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Screening tends to lead to an improvement in cancer detection and the uptake of available treatments and, in turn, to better chances of cancer survival. Most evidence on CRC screening interventions comes from high-income countries. The objective of this scoping review is to map the available literature on the implementation of CRC screening interventions in LMICs.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a scoping review according to the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar using a combination of terms such as “colorectal cancer”, “screening” and “low-middle-income countries”. Studies of CRC screening interventions/programmes conducted in the general adult population in LMICs as well as policy reviews (of interventions in LMICs) and commentaries on challenges and opportunities of delivering CRC screening in LMICs, published in the English language before February 2020 will be included in this review. The title and abstract screen will be conducted by one reviewer and two reviewers will screen full-texts and extract data from included papers, independently, into a data charting template that will include criteria from an adapted template for intervention description and replication checklist and implementation considerations. The presentation of the scoping review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews guidance.Ethics and disseminationThere are no ethical concerns. The results will be used to inform colorectal screening interventions in LMICs. We will publish the findings in a peer-reviewed journal and present them at relevant conferences.
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Dressler, Virginia A. "The state of affairs with digital preservation at ARL member libraries." Digital Library Perspectives 33, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dlp-08-2016-0030.
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Purpose Digital preservation is a term that is a bit of an enigma to many people both in and out of the digital arena, but it will undoubtedly be important in an increasingly all-digital world. The underlying work relating to digital preservation is essential to the long-term care of digital media, but who is charged with addressing this type of work, and can policy serve to structure and also reflect this complex concept? The main point of interest for this study is to examine existing digital preservation policies at Association of Research Libraries (ARL) institutions and analyze the content of the policies. The purpose will be to determine if these policies are able to provide a robust framework for true digital preservation work at this point in time. First, an introduction is made to provide the structure of the study and background. Next, a literature review is provided, followed by an outline of the methods and results of the study, and finally a conclusion with recommendations for future research. Design/methodology/approach An analysis of digital preservation policy at ARL institutions is conducted, with recommendations provided for further research. Findings This study was an attempt to highlight the current state of digital preservation policies, reviewing both the positive elements and the shortcomings of policies at ARL member institutions. The call for policies made for this study resulted in finding that 32 (26 per cent) ARL institutions currently have a digital preservation policy in place, from the institutions that responded (58 per cent response rate). In total, 23/40 institutions without a current policy indicate there is, or will be, work to complete a policy within the coming year (2016-2017). A call can be made at this time for more in-depth research and analysis of the policies for further inquiry. Both effective (University of Houston, University of Florida, York University) and ineffective (Colorado State University, University of Texas, Virginia Tech) digital preservation policies were discovered during the course of the study, with many policies falling somewhere in the middle. Many institutions provided a good template for digital preservation but lacked details for how this work would be addressed and who would be completing such work. Research limitations/implications Limited to ARL member institutions at the time of the study (January 2016). Originality/value There is currently a gap in analysis and research of digital preservation policies. This is an area of active policy creation for many institutions, and it will likely be a growing area for researchers to examine.
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Mondal, Samit, Rima Chatterjee, and Shantanu Chakraborty. "An integrated approach for reservoir characterisation in deep-water Krishna-Godavari basin, India: a case study." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 18, no. 1 (February 2021): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxab002.
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Abstract The Miocene reservoirs in prolific Krishna-Godavari basin are mostly fluvial deposits and laminated or blocky in nature. The type of reservoir quality depends on associated geological environments. Due to several lateral variations in reservoir properties, a similar kind of workflow for reservoir characterisation does not work. Customised workflow needs to be applied in this area for estimation of petrophysical properties or rock physical analysis for reservoir quality prediction. As the major input of rock physical analysis is petrophysical properties, it is crucial to estimate these properties accurately. Meanwhile, it is also important to check the seismic sensitivity to change in fluid saturation in the reservoir characterisation process. The analysis assures the presence of reservoir and hydrocarbon contact in seismic sensitivity, which is essential for removing risk. Integrating the geological model with rock physical analysis for reservoir characterisation at the drilled well, the reservoir quality at undrilled prospects is predicted. In this study, the comprehensive study for reservoir characterisation of Miocene reservoirs consists of three different steps: calculation of petrophysical properties for mixed of thick and laminated sequence, rock physical analysis for identification of hydrocarbon reservoir and corresponding seismic sensitivity for change in saturation and finally the rock physics template for prediction of reservoir quality away from the drilled well. Results from the study have added significant value in de-risking the number of undrilled prospects in this area.
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Naegele, Laura, Wouter De Tavernier, Moritz Hess, and Frerich Frerichs. "A tool to systematise discrimination in labour market integration." International Journal of Manpower 41, no. 5 (December 12, 2019): 567–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-10-2018-0364.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the discourse on labour market discrimination by introducing an analytical process model that offers a template for the systematic analysis of discrimination within the process of labour market integration. Its usage and contribution to the field is exemplified by applying the proposed model to the case of ageism in labour market integration. Design/methodology/approach Five phases and four actors are distinguished that, added together, compose the proposed analytical process model. In the following, the model is used as an analytical framework for a mapping review, aimed at identifying and critically evaluating the vast and extensive literature on ageism in the process of labour market integration. Findings The paper concludes that ageism occurs in all five phases of the integration process, pinpointing potential areas for policy interventions. Furthermore, the authors conclude that the existing literature on ageism in labour market integration is fragmented, with some elements and/or actors within the process so far having received little attention. Originality/value The analytical process model developed in this paper provides the scientific community with a tool to systematise the literature, detect underlying mechanisms and uncover existing research gaps, not only for the case of ageism presented here, but for a vast variety of other –isms. In addition, policy makers, trade unions and employers can use the model to better target and tailor anti-discrimination measures in labour market integration.
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Balbis-Morejón, Milen, Javier M. Rey-Hernández, Carlos Amaris-Castilla, Eloy Velasco-Gómez, Julio F. San José-Alonso, and Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez. "Experimental Study and Analysis of Thermal Comfort in a University Campus Building in Tropical Climate." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 26, 2020): 8886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218886.
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This study presents the evaluation of the performance and acceptability of thermal comfort by students in the classrooms of a university building with minisplit-type air-conditioning systems, in a tropical climate. To carry out the study, temperature and humidity measurements were recorded, both outside and inside the selected classrooms, while the students were asked to complete thermal surveys on site. The survey model is based on the template proposed by Fanger and it was applied to a total number of 584 students. In each classroom, the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and the Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) were estimated according to Fanger’s methodology, as well as the Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) and the Actual Percentage Dissatisfied (APD), which were obtained from the measurements and the surveys. The results of this study showed that the PMV values, although they may vary with the insulation of the clothing, do not affect the TSV. Furthermore, comparing PMV vs. TSV scores, a 2 °C to 3 °C difference in operating temperature was found, whereby the thermal sensitivity for TSV was colder, so it could be assumed that the PMV model overestimates the thermal sensitivity of students in low-temperature conditions. In addition, an acceptability by 90% with thermal preferences between 23 °C and 24 °C were also found. These results indicate that it is possible to increase the temperature set point in minisplit-type air-conditioning system from 4 °C to 7 °C with respect to the currently set temperatures, without affecting the acceptability of the thermal environment to the students in the building.
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Ogada, Agnes, George Achoki, and Amos Njuguna. "EFFECT OF DIVERSIFICATION ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MERGED INSTITUTIONS." American Journal of Finance 1, no. 2 (December 15, 2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajf.98.
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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of diversification on the financial performance of merged institutions.Methodology: The study adopted a mixed methodology research design. The study population included all the 51 merged financial service institutions in Kenya. Purposive sampling was used. Primary data was obtained from questionnaires and a secondary data collection template was also used. The researcher used quantitative techniques in analyzing the data. Descriptive analysis for the study included the use of means, frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics such as correlation analysis was also used. Panel data analysis was also applied. Further, a pre and post merger analysis was used.Results: Diversification had no significant effect on financial performance of merged institutions.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study findings call for a re-assessment of the literature on diversification. Further research is necessary to study why sometimes the diversification-performance relationship is positive, others negative, and often quadratic. Further research is needed to investigate whether diversification effects on performance depends on the industries considered. This study recommends that companies with a weak and unstable capital base should seek to consolidate their establishments through mergers and acquisitions. Through mergers and acquisitions, these companies will be able to extend their market share and revenue base hence increase their profitability. In addition, mergers and acquisition leads to a higher CAR which improves the financial soundness of the companies.
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Teshuva, Karen, Heather Russell, and Laura Varanelli. "The Victorian Aged Care Assessment Service quality improvement framework." Australian Journal of Primary Health 14, no. 2 (2008): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py08026.
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The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and evaluation of the Victorian Aged Care Assessment Service (ACAS) quality improvement framework. The framework was developed in 2001 by a reference group consisting of ACAS managers and government officers, to enable ACAS to engage in a quality improvement process specific to its core areas of business. The framework comprises seven core business domains which are used by the ACAS for annual quality improvement planning and reporting. Using the qualitative methodology of thematic analysis, the ACAS Evaluation Unit has examined annual quality improvement reports submitted by the 18 Victorian ACAS teams from 2002-03 to 2006-07. The findings were used to revise the framework and the ACAS quality improvement reporting template. The number and range of ACAS-related quality improvement activities carried out in Victoria since the implementation of the framework demonstrates its effectiveness as a mechanism for capturing and centrally recording quality improvement activities in areas of core ACAS business. The paper concludes that the Victorian QI framework could be drawn on to develop a quality improvement framework for the Aged Care Assessment Program nationwide.