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1
Wallett, Lucy, Wentin Chen, Lucretia Thomas, Parisha Blaggan, Emma Ooi, Dengyi Zhou, Thia Hanania, et al. "Developing a simulation-based learning model for acute medical education during COVID-19 pandemic with Simulation via Instant Messaging – Birmingham Advance (SIMBA)." BMJ Open Quality 11, no. 2 (April 2022): e001565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2021-001565.
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Simulation-based learning (SBL) is well-established in medical education and has gained popularity, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic when in-person teaching is infeasible. SBL replicates real-life scenarios and provides a fully immersive yet safe learning environment to develop clinical competency. Simulation via Instant Messaging – Birmingham Advance (SIMBA) is an exemplar of SBL, which we previously showed to be effective in endocrinology and diabetes. Previous studies reported the efficacy of SBL in acute medicine. We studied SIMBA as a learning intervention for healthcare professionals interested in acute medicine and defined our aims using the Kirkpatrick model: (i) develop an SBL tool to improve case management; (ii) evaluate experiences and confidence before and after; and (iii) compare efficacy across training levels.Three sessions were conducted, each representing a PDSA cycle (Plan-Do-Study-Act), consisting of four cases and advertised to healthcare professionals at our hospital and social media. Moderators facilitated progression through 25 min simulations and adopted patient and clinical roles as appropriate. Consultants chaired discussion sessions using relevant guidelines. Presimulation and postsimulation questionnaires evaluated self-reported confidence, feedback and intended changes to clinical practice.Improvements were observed in self-reported confidence managing simulated cases across all sessions. Of participants, 93.3% found SIMBA applicable to clinical practice, while 89.3% and 88.0% felt SIMBA aided personal and professional development, respectively. Interestingly, 68.0% preferred SIMBA to traditional teaching methods. Following participant feedback, more challenging cases were included, and we extended the time for simulation and discussion. The transcripts were amended to facilitate more participant-moderator interaction representing clinical practice. In addition, we refined participant recruitment over the three sessions. In cycle 1, we advertised incentives: participation counted towards teaching requirements, certificates and feedback. To rectify the reduction in participants in cycle 2, we implemented new advertisement methods in cycle 3, including on-site posters, reminder emails and recruitment of the defence deanery cohort.
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Troyan, Evgeny Ivanovich, and Dmitry Valer'evich Morozov. "Case-study-based teaching of police officers how to use physical force." Полицейская деятельность, no. 5 (May 2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0692.2021.5.36753.
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The research object is the process of teaching police officers how to use physical force. The research subject is the case-study method used for teaching police officers how to use physical force. Physical training of police officers is aimed at the formation of readiness to legally use physical force for solving official tasks. However, at physical training lessons police officers study combat techniques, and much less attention is paid to teaching how to use these techniques during official service. One of the reasons for insufficient readiness of police officers is the lack of teachers’ attention to the case-study method of training and the possibility to use it at physical training lessons. The research is based on scientific methods: analysis and generalization of scientific sources; situation simulation; pedagogical experimenting; testing. The authors formulate the following conclusions: 1. The main unified situations of the use of physical force by police officers are: “Identity checks”, “Stopping of public intoxication”, “Assault on a police officer”. 2. Analysis of the results of testing the complex of unified situations of the use of physical force by police officers has demonstrated the effectiveness of using the case-study method for teaching police officers how to use physical force. The effectiveness of applied techniques in the test group was on average 15,6% higher than that in the control group. The described complex of unified situations can be used at physical training lessons for police officers. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that it proves the effectiveness of the use of the case-study method for teaching police officers how to use physical force.
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Gorgeon, Catherine. "Socialisation professionnelle des policiers : le rôle de l’école." Criminologie 29, no. 2 (August 16, 2005): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017393ar.
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Anglo-Saxon studies on professional socialization of police officers have proven that the socialization process can be broken down into many steps, the major one being schooling. The results of all these studies have also demonstrated that the existence of specific cultural characteristics in the police profession influence and model new recruits. Recent French studies, with more quantitative methods, confirmed some of these results, but show many nuances and insist on the diversity in attitudes and expectations on the part of police students. It is namely the case with the year of training for constables.
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Sinitsyn, Evgeniy Igorevich. "Analysis of possible physical conditions of using firearms by the employees of temporary holding facilities and guarding units of the police service." Полицейская деятельность, no. 1 (January 2022): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0692.2022.1.37165.
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The topicality of the research is determined by the high-quality training of internal affairs officers of Russia, and by the necessity to study and design the corresponding pedagogical conditions including arms drill by simulating service situations at firearms training lessons. The research problem consists in the fact that the directions of improvement of organization and the methods of internal affairs officers training should be developed on the basis of the data about the practice of use of firearms by police officers, as well as about the conditions and circumstances of their use. The analysis of open source information shows that there’s a lack of research of this type over the last years. The required information is classified. Besides, the information about the use of firearms by internal affairs officers, which is accumulated by higher-level authorities and organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, often is not sustainable enough to be used in a comprehensive research. The research goal is to use the results of the analysis of physical conditions of the use of firearms for the consideration of the possibility of studying and designing the corresponding pedagogical conditions including arms drill, by simulating service situations at firearms training lessons. The author uses mostly empirical methods, such as questioning, description, comparison, measurement, and analysis of practice of employees of temporary holding facilities and guarding units of the police service. The author studies the results of the analysis of possible conditions of using firearms by employees of temporary holding facilities and guarding units of the police service, based on which it is suggested to create a set of professional and service situations for simulation during professional training.
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Zakrevsky, Yu N., B. L. Duberman, D. V. Mizgirev, S. M. Dynkov, V. A. Bragin, and Z. G. Oblitsova. "FEATURES OF SURGEON TRAINING IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE." Marine Medicine 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2413-5747-2020-6-3-90-100.
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The aim of the study was the assessment of features of surgeon training in the Department of Surgery at the Northern State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. The analysis results revealed some methods and procedures that are used for teaching departmental surgery, issues of organization of Students’ Individual Work have been considered. Special focus was on the study of methods of interactive learning of surgical sciences, in particular, on simulation education. Features of practical studies combined with individual work (follow-up of patients, case history filling, research of material for case studies) were emphasized. Benefit of written examination for checking the capability of educand to apply gained knowledge in solving specific clinical issues.
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Tallo, Fernando Sabia, Letícia Sandre Vendrame, and André Luciano Baitello. "Comparison of three methods for teaching mechanical ventilation in an emergency setting to sixth-year medical students: a randomized trial." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 66, no. 10 (October 2020): 1409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.10.1409.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To determine if there are significant differences between the tutorial, simulation, or clinical-case-based discussion teaching methods regarding the transmission of medical knowledge on mechanical ventilation. METHODS: A randomized, multicenter, open-label controlled trial was carried out using 3 teaching methods on mechanical ventilation: clinical-case-based discussion, simulation, and online tutorial. Voluntary students of the sixth year of medical school from 11 medical colleges answered a validated questionnaire on knowledge about mechanical ventilation for medical students before, immediately after, and 6 months after in-person training consisting of 20 multiple-choice questions, and 5 questions about the participants' demographic profile. RESULTS: Immediately after the test there was no difference between the scores in the simulation and clinical case groups,[15,06 vs 14,63] whereas, after some time, there was a significant difference in retention between the case-based and simulation groups, with the score in the simulation group 1.46 [1.31; 1.64] times higher than the score of the case group (p-value < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, an individual who had received more than 4 hours of information showed an increase of 20.0% [09.0%; 33.0%] in the score (p-value = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that, in comparison with other forms of training, simulation in mechanical ventilation provides long-lasting knowledge in the medium term. Further studies are needed to improve the designing and evaluation of training that provides minimal mechanical ventilation skills.
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Anghel, Ion, J. Dusica Pesic, Silviu Codescu, Daniela Popescu, Valeriu Panaitescu, and Octavian Lalu. "3D Fire Dynamic Scenario for Training Systems Based on Immersive Virtual Reality for Firefighters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.793.
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Understanding fire behaviour indicators is very important, especially taking into account their integration in the primary fire evaluation process as part of the dynamic and continuous evaluation of risks to which people are exposed to. Construction fires are always characterised by certain critical behaviour factors such as smoke, air currents, heat and flames. Classical training methods for firefighters are practical exercises that are expensive and risky. The aim of the present article is to briefly present a new training method consisting of a dynamic 3D system based on immersive virtual reality. This paper presents results based on the characteristics and thermal values of the flashover in a case study. The phenomenon are simulated by using the Fire Dynamics Simulator, a computer program developed on a complex mathematical apparatus that can generate multiple output data (indicators such as temperatures, gas concentrations, speeds etc.). Results are validated by experimental tests in a testing metal facility from the Police Academy “A. I. Cuza”, Bucharest. The 3D graphic results offered by the simulation highlights the conditions and parameters to which the firefighters involved in putting-out a fire, in the presented training scenario, would be exposed.
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Kleymenov, M. P., and M. V. Sedeltsev. "Police legitimacy." Law Enforcement Review 5, no. 3 (October 2, 2021): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2021.5(3).34-44.
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The subject of the article is assessment of public confidence in the police and the legality of its activities by the opinion of the Russian population. The purpose of the research is to identify the reasons that affect the assessment of the police legitimacy, its perception by the population. The authors also dare to identify the role of "problem areas" of police activity (related to different violations of the law) in people assessment.The methodology of the research includes: sociological survey among Russians, comparative criminological, statistical, hermeneutic methods, expert assessments.The main result, scope of applications. The central link of the police legitimacy is public trust, recognition, leading to the cooperation between the people and the authorities. Legitimacy assessments are formed based on the study of public opinion – the official monitoring procedure. The website of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs provides information on the results of monitoring public opinion about the activities of the police, but an analysis of its content allows us to note its superficiality and unconvincing optimism. This is obviously affected by the shortcomings of the departmental legal regulation of the process of monitoring public opinion about the activities of the police, which, judging by the questionnaire questions (there are only three of them), is rather imitative in nature. We believe that the official monitoring of public opinion on the activities of the police, at a minimum, should be supplemented by the results of independent sociological studies aimed at establishing "problem areas" of police activity related to violations of the law, violence, ill-treatment, provocations, inducing someone, directly or indirectly, to commit illegal actions, other official abuses. Otherwise, the regulatory requirements for the activities of the police, which establish the foundations of its legitimacy, cannot be fully implemented. The survey of 362 citizens conducted by the authors allows to state that, with a fairly high assessment of the activities of the Russian police, respondents pay attention to the existence of such problems as: the lack of transparency of police activities and the presence of formal and informal means of evading the legality of police activity, the tolerance of justice authorities to police lawlessness, intoxication with power by police officers, the impact of police brutality on social and legal despair, violation of the law in the name of achieving its falsely understood goals. The extreme case of perverted official zeal is the execution of illegal orders. There are quite widespread ideas in public opinion that entrepreneurs often become victims of extortion by the police, that the police take bribes from medium and small businesses, that you can buy off police officers. At the same time, the results of the study indicate that a significant part of the population is determined to cooperate with the police.Conclusions. The public demand for the police is relevant, the honor and main meaning of which is to protect the interests of all people and serve justice. People need such policemen who will demonstrate not strength and power, but simple human complicity. This is the main secret of the legitimacy of the police. Another secret lies in the orientation of personnel policy towards professionals in the police: their selection, training and support in difficult situations.
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Muravev, Yury. "TEACHING LEGAL ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY THE CASE METHOD IN RUSSIAN-ENGLISH LANGUAGE PAIR." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 4 (September 10, 2020): 961–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8493.
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Purpose of the study: The study aims to find parallels between legal translation practice and training by analyzing the case study methods' capabilities and limitations in academic institutions. It presents a comparative research of various situations of professional communication and legal documents employed as learning tools for the case study method in a classroom environment.
Methodology: The primary methods used in this research are case study method, analysis of ESP teaching materials, methods of comparative linguistics, descriptive statistics, and translation studies. The study rests on the use of translation techniques in Russian-English translation of case briefs that is why the author used algorithm-based machine translation software and grammar analysis software for in-depth analysis of legal documents.
Main Findings: Regular exercise following the suggested patterns of language training based on comparative legal case studies improves the relative translation competence and students' readiness for written and oral 'on-the-spot' translation in Russian-English language pair. It develops professional cross-cultural communication skills at the end of the final semester of Legal English training.
Applications of this study: The results of the research, including the suggested exercise patterns for implementing the case study method in teaching Russian-English translation, may be used as Legal English learning tools. Besides, some results of the research may contribute to the improvement of output quality of machine translation systems and the development of legal tech software.
Novelty of this study: The article presents a case study method used in legal translation training and task design for advanced levels of Legal English. The secondary goal is to find teaching methods that may enhance the learning motivation of Legal English students by realistic scenarios of business simulation games. The novelty aspect is the practical use of adjustable frames in task design.
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Krautenbacher, Norbert, Fabian J. Theis, and Christiane Fuchs. "Correcting Classifiers for Sample Selection Bias in Two-Phase Case-Control Studies." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7847531.
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Epidemiological studies often utilize stratified data in which rare outcomes or exposures are artificially enriched. This design can increase precision in association tests but distorts predictions when applying classifiers on nonstratified data. Several methods correct for this so-called sample selection bias, but their performance remains unclear especially for machine learning classifiers. With an emphasis on two-phase case-control studies, we aim to assess which corrections to perform in which setting and to obtain methods suitable for machine learning techniques, especially the random forest. We propose two new resampling-based methods to resemble the original data and covariance structure: stochastic inverse-probability oversampling and parametric inverse-probability bagging. We compare all techniques for the random forest and other classifiers, both theoretically and on simulated and real data. Empirical results show that the random forest profits from only the parametric inverse-probability bagging proposed by us. For other classifiers, correction is mostly advantageous, and methods perform uniformly. We discuss consequences of inappropriate distribution assumptions and reason for different behaviors between the random forest and other classifiers. In conclusion, we provide guidance for choosing correction methods when training classifiers on biased samples. For random forests, our method outperforms state-of-the-art procedures if distribution assumptions are roughly fulfilled. We provide our implementation in the R packagesambia.
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Moreno-Guerrero, Antonio-José, Carmen Rodríguez-Jiménez, Gerardo Gómez-García, and Magdalena Ramos Navas-Parejo. "Educational Innovation in Higher Education: Use of Role Playing and Educational Video in Future Teachers’ Training." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 2558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062558.
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Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have led to the emergence of a variety of active and innovative teaching methods. This is the case in role-playing, which consists of simulating a real-life situation, in this case the school context, in which the student takes on a certain role and interacts with other students in a fictitious situation. Framed in this way, the present study aims to show if the application of the role-playing method promotes the improvement of attitude variables and practical skills. To this end, we advocated the use of a quasi-experimental methodology, with a control and experimental group and the application of a post-test. The sample is composed of 138 students from the Master of Teachers of Compulsory Secondary Education in Ceuta (Spain). The results showed that the students positively valued the application of the method, obtaining better scores in the set of variables studied, especially in motivation, creativity and collaboration. Therefore, it continues to be observed that the application of innovative methodologies through technology promotes the increase of multiple skills in the student body. This study aimed to prove that the use of active methods provides an increase in students’ skills, and that, therefore, we must bet on the use of sustainable pedagogies in order to promote a real innovation in the classrooms.
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Le, Tan Duy, Adnan Anwar, Seng W. Loke, Razvan Beuran, and Yasuo Tan. "GridAttackSim: A Cyber Attack Simulation Framework for Smart Grids." Electronics 9, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081218.
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The smart grid system is one of the key infrastructures required to sustain our future society. It is a complex system that comprises two independent parts: power grids and communication networks. There have been several cyber attacks on smart grid systems in recent years that have caused significant consequences. Therefore, cybersecurity training specific to the smart grid system is essential in order to handle these security issues adequately. Unfortunately, concepts related to automation, ICT, smart grids, and other physical sectors are typically not covered by conventional training and education methods. These cybersecurity experiences can be achieved by conducting training using a smart grid co-simulation, which is the integration of at least two simulation models. However, there has been little effort to research attack simulation tools for smart grids. In this research, we first review the existing research in the field, and then propose a smart grid attack co-simulation framework called GridAttackSim based on the combination of GridLAB-D, ns-3, and FNCS. The proposed architecture allows us to simulate smart grid infrastructure features with various cybersecurity attacks and then visualize their consequences automatically. Furthermore, the simulator not only features a set of built-in attack profiles but also enables scientists and electric utilities interested in improving smart grid security to design new ones. Case studies were conducted to validate the key functionalities of the proposed framework. The simulation results are supported by relevant works in the field, and the system can potentially be deployed for cybersecurity training and research.
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Kropp, Denise. "Geriatric Interprofessional Simulation Education Results and Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.004.
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Abstract Following a geriatric interprofessional education event, we measured learner progression in interprofessional collaborative competencies using the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS). We also measured student satisfaction with an investigator generated assessment tool. Through Rapid Cycle Quality Improvement (RCQI) processes, we implemented a number of variations of both the in-person and the virtual events. Variations included differences in case studies, pre work requirements, geriatric didactic topics, poster topics and presentation format, facilitator training, standardized patient or patient presence, huddle format, and demonstration of how to effectively perform teamwork. Results showed gains in interprofessional collaborative competencies between pre- and post-education using this geriatric simulation model. Learner satisfaction was high for all simulation variations. Results of education variations and comparisons of the delivery methods will be presented.
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Joseph, Sundari, Susan Klein, Samantha McCluskey, Penny Woolnough, and Lesley Diack. "Inter-agency adult support and protection practice." Journal of Integrated Care 27, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-06-2018-0041.
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Purpose Collaborative inter-agency working is of paramount importance for the public protection agenda worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to disseminate the findings from a research study on the inter-agency working within adult support and protection (ASP) roles in the police, health and social care. Design/methodology/approach This realistic evaluation study with two inter-related phases was funded by the Scottish Institute for Policing Research. This paper reports on Phase 1 which identified existing gaps in the implementation of effective inter-agency practice by reviewing the “state of play” in inter-agency collaboration between the police and health and social care professionals. In total, 13 focus groups comprising representatives from Police Scotland (n=52), Social Care (n=31) and Health (n=18), engaged in single profession and mixed profession groups addressing issues including referral and information exchange. Findings On analysing context-mechanism-outcome (CMO), gaps in joint working were identified and attributed to the professionals’ own understanding of inter-agency working and the expectations of partner agencies. It recommended the need for further research and inter-agency training on public protection. Research limitations/implications This unique Scottish study successfully identified the inter-agency practices of health, social services and police. By means of a modified realistic evaluation approach, it provides an in-depth understanding of the challenges that professionals face on a day-to-day basis when safeguarding adults and informed strategic recommendations to overcome the barriers to good practices in organisational working. The methods used to determine CMO could benefit other researchers to develop studies exploring the complexities of multi-causal effects of cross-boundary working. The use of the same case study in each focus group helped to neutralise bias. However, the voluntary nature of participation could have resulted in biased perceptions. The limited numbers of health professionals may have resulted in less representation of health sector views. Practical implications This paper reports on a Scottish study that focused on the coordinated and integrated practices amongst the police, health and social services’ professionals who support and protect adult members of society at risk of harm and has implications for their practice. Social implications Whilst the focus of this study has been on ASP, the conclusions and recommendations are transferable to public protection issues in many other contexts. Originality/value Studies on the joint-working practices amongst police and health and social services’ professionals who support and protect adult members of society at risk of harm are uncommon. This study investigated professionals’ perceptions of gaps and concerns pertaining to integrated working by means of a realistic evaluation approach. It recommended the need for further research and inter-agency training on public protection.
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Buchholz, Andrea C., Mary Hendrickson, Isabelle Giroux, José A. Correa, Rhona Hanning, Corinne Eisenbraun, Jessica Lieffers, and Elin Lövestam. "Simulation in Learning and Using the Nutrition Care Process/Terminology: Experiences and Perceptions of Dietitians in Canada." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 81, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2020-010.
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Purpose: To investigate experiences with, and perceptions of, simulation in learning and using the Nutrition Care Process/Terminology (NCP/T) of dietitians in Canada. Methods: In February–March 2017, a convenience sample of 382 dietitians in Canada (71.8% in clinical practice) completed an online survey regarding the type(s), setting(s), and perceptions of the simulations in which they engaged in learning and using the NCP/T. Results: A majority (76.7%) of respondents had engaged in NCP/T-related simulation, most commonly case studies (85.3%) and role-play (42.0%), as part of workplace/volunteer training (51.4%) and undergraduate internship/stage/practicum (34.2%). Nearly half (49.5%) of respondents learned all 4 NCP components via simulation, with Nutrition Diagnosis being the most common individual component (57%). Over three-quarters of respondents agreed/strongly agreed that simulation helped them better understand/use the NCP/T and that NCP/T-related knowledge/skills gained through simulation are transferable to the clinical setting/dietetic practice. Conclusions: Dietitians in Canada perceive simulation to have helped them learn and use the NCP/T. Resources should be directed at further developing simulation for teaching the NCP/T in dietetics education and training. Research investigating characteristics, barriers, and facilitators of effective NCP/T-simulation, using objective (vs. perceived) learning outcome measures is needed.
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Mahmoud, Abdulrahman, Abdullah Alsalemi, Faycal Bensaali, Ali Ait Hssain, and Ibrahim Hassan. "A Review of Human Circulatory System Simulation: Bridging the Gap between Engineering and Medicine." Membranes 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11100744.
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(1) Background: Simulation-based training (SBT) is the practice of using hands-on training to immerse learners in a risk-free and high-fidelity environment. SBT is used in various fields due to its risk-free benefits from a safety and an economic perspective. In addition, SBT provides immersive training unmatched by traditional teaching the interactive visualization needed in particular scenarios. Medical SBT is a prevalent practice as it allows for a platform for learners to learn in a risk-free and cost-effective environment, especially in critical care, as mistakes could easily cause fatalities. An essential category of care is human circulatory system care (HCSC), which includes essential-to-simulate complications such as cardiac arrest. (2) Methods: In this paper, a deeper look onto existing human circulatory system medical SBT is presented to assess and highlight the important features that should be present with a focus on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation (ECMO) simulators and cardiac catheterization. (3) Results: A list of features is also suggested for an ideal simulator to bridge the gap between medical studies and simulator engineering, followed by a case study of an ECMO SBT system design. (4) Conclusions: a collection and discussion of existing work for HCSC SBT are portrayed as a guide for researchers and practitioners to compare existing SBT and recreating them effectively.
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Egedovo, Alfred, Yik-Hong Ho, Sarah Larkins, and Chrispen Mushuya. "A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WEB BASED TRAINING VIDEO FOR LAPAROSCOPY SURGERY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 10 (October 31, 2017): 270–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i10.2017.2304.
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Background: Surgical training for generations has followed the example of an apprenticeship model propagated by William Halsted; teaching method of “see one, do one, teach one”. 1-3Teaching of surgical trainee is time consuming and costly in the operating room when it involves a procedure,4, 5 and the surgical skills acquired from operating room are of variable effectiveness because of the learning curve.6, 7
The objective of this review is to determine if web-based training video (WBTV) is effective to supplement and /or replace the standard surgical training model (SLT). However, the value of this modality for trainees with or no laparoscopic experience is unknown.
Study Hypothesis: Multimedia or Web-based training video (WBTV) learning is equivalent to conventional teaching (Standard surgical training-SLT) in improving scores in cognitive surgical skills.
Search Method:Randomized clinical trials addressing this issue were identified from The Cochrane Library trials register, Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded, grey literature and reference lists and other databases. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials: search was narrowed to Issue of 6 of 12, June 2014. Included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing any training technique using at least some elements of surgical simulation, which reported measures of surgical task performance. The Cochrane search yielded one relevant article.8 In the MEDLINE search, the medical Subject Heading (MeSH) was used to search for; Surgical stimulation, surgical training, “Web-based training” and “online education or teaching, training, internet, multimedia teaching” (retrieved articles 78, relevant articles 50) and the headings “Laparoscopy” and “education” (retrieved 103, relevant 91) other provisional abstract (review 3). I focused the search on articles published from 1990 onwards, and I limited it to articles published in English. I did not include case reports and data from abstracts in data synthesis. All of the identified articles were examined for relevance. Retrieved studies were screened for duplication, and additional studies were identified using a manual search of the reference list of the relevant included articles. Since my review focused on Web-based training video effectiveness for teaching laparoscopic surgery techniques, my search strategies was limited to identifying articles focusing on surgical education.
Selection Criteria:I included all randomised clinical trials comparing Web-based model trainers versus other forms of training including standard laparoscopic training and supplementary animal model training use for teaching surgical trainees with or no laparoscopic experience. I also included trials comparing different methods of simulation surgical training.
Results: Thirty RCTs with 831 participants were included, although the quality of the RCTs was often poor. The Web-based training video (WBTV) had one RCTs, the RCT had four intervention groups, they were groups multimedia(WBTV) training, Practical Training (Standard training, Multimedia (WBTV) plus practical training and none of the trainings had different skills but all participants were homogeneous with the same basic skills on laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The result was that multimedia –based (WBTV) training improved surgical performance of Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a pelvic –trainer significantly when used alone or as combination training. While Virtual reality simulation had shown better results than no training at all, but had no evidence of superiority over standard training practised. When it is done purposefully or video box simulation based on operative performance. Video simulation did not show consistently better results than groups with no training at all, and there were not enough data to determine if video simulation was better than standard training or the use of models. Model simulation may have been better than standard training. Two trials (mostly with a high risk of bias) involving 110 participants were included in this review. In trainees without surgical experience, WBTV training decreased the time taken to complete a task, increased accuracy and decreased errors compared with no training. In the same participants, WBTV training was more accurate than Standard practical training. In participants with laparoscopic experience practical training plus Web-based video training, WBTV training resulted in a greater reduction in operating time, error and unnecessary movements than standard laparoscopic training. In these participants, the composite performance score was better in the WBTV group than the practical group (standard).
Conclusion: WBTV can supplement standard surgical training. However the quality is poor, It is at least as effective as no standard training in supplementing standard laparoscopic training. While there may be compelling reasons to reduce reliance on patients, cadavers, and animals for surgical training, none of the methods of simulated training has yet been shown to be better than other forms of surgical training.
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Cohen, Jiska. "Vocational Rehabilitation of The Severely Brain Damaged Patient: Stages and Processes." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 16, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.16.4.25.
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A systematic assessment and intervention methodology for the vocational rehabilitation of the severely brain damaged patient is described and demonstrated by two case studies. Salient issues in assessment are examined. The methods of delineating vocational range and determining the extent and means by which deficits can be remediated are investigated. Intervention is shown to be comprised of a training period, as well as a work simulation stage. Finally, the concluding part of the rehabilitation process is examined, the planning and the arranging of placement, and the preparation of the patient and his environment for his working role.
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Cobián, Juan I., Federico Ferrero, Martín P. Alonso, and Alberto M. Fontana. "¿Cómo entrenar una habilidad compleja en cirugía?: Evaluación cualitativa de una estrategia basada en simulación." Revista Argentina de Cirugía 113, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25132/raac.v113.n1.1569.ei.
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Background: Learning complex tasks in surgical requires the coordination and integration of technical and non-technical skills have an impact on the performance of work teams. Objective: The aim of this study is to report the results of a simulation-based educational strategy for training in complex surgical skills considering the participants’ perceptions. Material and methods: In 2019, 10 healthcare professionals participated in a 20-hour course divided in 6 hours of online training and 14 hours of onsite training. The strategy designed included the integration of case resolution activities, role-playing, practice with synthetic and virtual simulators and high-fidelity simulation. At the end of the course, a questionnaire was administered to explore participants’ perceptions on what they had learned and on their attitude changes. Results: Fifty percent of the participants perceived their skills and knowledge improved at the end of the course compared with their perception at the beginning of the course while 80% perceived the impact of the course on their professional activity was good or excellent. All the participants agreed with the need for improving non-technical skills. The experience was rated as positive or very positive by all participants, who were eager to repeat it. Conclusion: The participants’ perceptions of this educational program demonstrates that this method is highly accepted. Raising awareness of non-technical skills during the reflection stage suggests the need for changes in attitude and in self-perception of efficacy. We believe that simulation-based training offers the possibility of improving the overall performance of the surgical team. Future studies should focus on this goal.
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Kakimoto, Yohei, Yuto Omae, Jun Toyotani, and Hirotaka Takahashi. "Fast screening framework for infection control scenario identification." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, no. 12 (2022): 12316–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022574.
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<abstract><p>Due to the emergence of the novel coronavirus disease, many recent studies have investigated prediction methods for infectious disease transmission. This paper proposes a framework to quickly screen infection control scenarios and identify the most effective scheme for reducing the number of infected individuals. Analytical methods, as typified by the SIR model, can conduct trial-and-error verification with low computational costs; however, they must be reformulated to introduce additional constraints, and thus are inappropriate for case studies considering detailed constraint parameters. In contrast, multi-agent system (MAS) simulators introduce detailed parameters but incur high computation costs per simulation, making them unsuitable for extracting effective measures. Therefore, we propose a framework that implements an MAS for constructing a training dataset, and then trains a support vector regression (SVR) model to obtain effective measure results. The proposed framework overcomes the weaknesses of conventional methods to produce effective control measure recommendations. The constructed SVR model was experimentally verified by comparing its performance on datasets with expected and unexpected outputs. Although datasets producing an unexpected output decreased the prediction accuracy, by removing randomness from the training dataset, the accuracy of the proposed method was still high in these cases. High-precision predictions of the MAS-based simulation output were obtained for both test datasets in under one second of the computational time. Furthermore, the experimental results establish that the proposed framework can obtain intuitively correct outputs for unknown inputs, and produces sufficiently high-precision prediction with lower computation costs than an existing method.</p></abstract>
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Santos-Folgar, Myriam, Paula Lafuente-Filgueira, Martín Otero-Agra, Felipe Fernández-Méndez, Roberto Barcala-Furelos, Javier Trastoy-Quintela, Silvia Aranda-García, María Fernández-Méndez, and Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez. "Quality of Ventilations during Infant Resuscitation: A Simulation Study Comparing Endotracheal Tube with Face Mask." Children 9, no. 11 (November 16, 2022): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9111757.
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Background: There are few studies that analyze ventilation volume and pressure during CPR carried out on infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the ventilations administered using a self-inflating bag with an endotracheal tube and a face mask in manikins. Methods: a quasi-experimental simulation study with a randomized case crossover design [endotracheal tube (ET) vs. face mask (FM)] was performed. Sixty participants who were previously trained nursing students participated in the study. The estimated air volumes breathed, and the pressure generated during each ventilation were assessed and the quality of the chest compressions was recorded. Results: the ET test presented a higher percentage of ventilations that reached the lungs (100% vs. 86%; p < 0.001), with adequate volume (60% vs. 28%; p < 0.001) in comparison to FM. Both tests presented peak pressures generated in the airway greater than 30 cm H2O (ET: 22% vs. FM: 31%; p = 0.03). Conclusions: performing quality CPR ventilations on an infant model is not an easy skill for trained nursing students. Both tests presented a significant incidence of excessive peak pressure during ventilations. Specific training, focused on quality of ventilations guided by a manometer attached to the self-inflating bag, must be considered in life support training for pediatric providers.
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Abdul Rahim, Asiah, Srazali Aripin, Abdul Razak Sapian, and Hazwan Zubir. "Capturing the Heritage of British Colonial School Building Through Measured Drawings in Malaysia." International Journal of Environment, Architecture, and Societies 2, no. 01 (February 28, 2022): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/ijeas.2022.2.01.16-26.
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This research is to convey the analytical studies of the Pusat Latihan Polis (PULAPOL) Batu Lama School. This research aims to present detailed information of the endogenous influences, particularly during the British colonization era. PULAPOL was the first Police Training Centre in Malaysia. It is located at Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur. It was constructed in 1938. The structural system used for the school’s construction was load-bearing brick masonry. The objectives of the studies are to: a) Increase the understanding and appreciation of Architectural Heritage of the Muslim World, b) Learn the techniques of measured drawings of heritage buildings with the emphasis on the building construction, detailing, research and documentation of the historical aspects of the building and its development, c) Appreciate the total concept and richness of the architectural heritage as well as to be able to value the environment and to understand the socio-economic-cultural way of life of local inhabitants. In general, the methodology adopted for the study is divided into pre-fieldwork, fieldwork and post-fieldwork. Data collected from interviews, case studies, observations, and measurements of the building. The data obtained from various methods are documented in reports and measured drawing. In conclusion, these research findings provide the chronology and history of the PULAPOL Batu Lama School that is rich in its historical values, materials used, construction techniques and passive design techniques.
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Abdul Rahim, Asiah, Srazali Aripin, Abdul Razak Sapian, and Hazwan Zubir. "Capturing the Heritage of British Colonial School Building Through Measured Drawings in Malaysia." International Journal of Environment, Architecture, and Societies 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/ijeas.2022.2.1.16-26.
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This research is to convey the analytical studies of the Pusat Latihan Polis (PULAPOL) Batu Lama School. This research aims to present detailed information of the endogenous influences, particularly during the British colonization era. PULAPOL was the first Police Training Centre in Malaysia. It is located at Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur. It was constructed in 1938. The structural system used for the school’s construction was load-bearing brick masonry. The objectives of the studies are to: a) Increase the understanding and appreciation of Architectural Heritage of the Muslim World, b) Learn the techniques of measured drawings of heritage buildings with the emphasis on the building construction, detailing, research and documentation of the historical aspects of the building and its development, c) Appreciate the total concept and richness of the architectural heritage as well as to be able to value the environment and to understand the socio-economic-cultural way of life of local inhabitants. In general, the methodology adopted for the study is divided into pre-fieldwork, fieldwork and post-fieldwork. Data collected from interviews, case studies, observations, and measurements of the building. The data obtained from various methods are documented in reports and measured drawing. In conclusion, these research findings provide the chronology and history of the PULAPOL Batu Lama School that is rich in its historical values, materials used, construction techniques and passive design techniques.
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Azamifard, Arash, Fariborz Rashidi, Mohammadreza Pourfard, Mohammad Ahmadi, and Bahram Dabir. "Enduring effect of permeability texture for enhancing accuracy and reducing uncertainty of reservoir fluid flow through porous media." Petroleum Science 17, no. 1 (September 21, 2019): 118–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12182-019-00366-4.
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Abstract Modeling reservoir permeability is one of the crucial tasks in reservoir simulation studies. Traditionally, it is done by kriging-based methods. More rigorous modeling of the permeability results in more reliable outputs of the reservoir models. Recently, a new category of geostatistical methods has been used for this purpose, namely multiple point statistics (MPS). By this new category of permeability modeling methods, one is able to predict the heterogeneity of the reservoir permeability as a continuous variable. These methods consider the direction of property variation in addition to the distances of known locations of the property. In this study, the reservoir performance of a modified version of the SPE 10 solution project as a pioneer case is used for investigating the efficiency of these methods and paralleling them with the kriging-based one. In this way, the permeability texture concept is introduced by applying some MPS methods. This study is accomplished in the conditions of real reservoir dimensions and velocities for the whole reservoir life. A continuous training image is used as the input of calculation for the permeability modeling. The results show that the detailed permeability of the reservoir as a continuous variable makes the reservoir simulation show the same fluid front movement and flooding behavior of the reservoir similar to the reference case with the same permeability heterogeneity. Some MPS methods enable the reservoir simulation to reproduce the fluid flow complexities such as bypassing and oil trapping during water flooding similar to the reference case. Accordingly, total oil production is predicted with higher accuracy and lower uncertainty. All studied cases are identical except for the permeability texture. Even histograms and variograms of permeabilities for the studied reservoir are quite similar, but the performance of the reservoir shows that kriging-based method results have slightly less accuracy than some MPS methods. Meanwhile, it results in lower uncertainty in outputs for this water flooding case performance.
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Brown, Alison, Courtney Barnes, Judith Byaruhanga, Matthew McLaughlin, Rebecca K. Hodder, Debbie Booth, Nicole Nathan, Rachel Sutherland, and Luke Wolfenden. "Effectiveness of Technology-Enabled Knowledge Translation Strategies in Improving the Use of Research in Public Health: Systematic Review." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): e17274. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17274.
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Background Knowledge translation (KT) aims to facilitate the use of research evidence in decision making. Changes in technology have provided considerable opportunities for KT strategies to improve access and use of evidence in decision making by public health policy makers and practitioners. Despite this opportunity, there have been no reviews that have assessed the effects of digital technology-enabled KT (TEKT) in the field of public health. Objective This study aims to examine the effectiveness of digital TEKT strategies in (1) improving the capacity for evidence-based decision making by public health policy makers and practitioners, (2) changing public health policy or practice, and (3) changes in individual or population health outcomes. Methods A search strategy was developed to identify randomized trials assessing the effectiveness of digital TEKT strategies in public health. Any primary research study with a randomized trial design was eligible. Searches for eligible studies were undertaken in multiple electronic bibliographic databases (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online [MEDLINE], Excerpta Medica dataBASE [EMBASE], PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL], and Scopus) and the reference lists of included studies. A hand search of 2 journals (Implementation Science and Journal of Medical Internet Research) and a gray literature search were also conducted. Pairs of independent review authors screened studies, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted data from relevant studies. Results Of the 6819 citations screened, 8 eligible randomized trials were included in the review. The studies examined the impact of digital TEKT strategies on health professionals, including nurses, child care health consultants, physiotherapists, primary health care workers, and public health practitioners. Overall, 5 of the interventions were web-training programs. The remaining 3 interventions included simulation games, access to digital resource materials and the use of tailored messaging, and a web-based registry. The findings suggest that digital TEKT interventions may be effective in improving the knowledge of public health professionals, relative to control, and may be as effective as a face-to-face KT approach. The effectiveness of digital TEKT strategies relative to a control or other digital KT interventions on measures of health professional self-efficacy to use evidence to enhance practice behavior or behavioral intention outcomes was mixed. The evidence regarding the effects on changes to health policy or practice following exposure to digital TEKT was mixed. No trials assessed the effects on individual or population-level health outcomes. Conclusions This review is the first to synthesize the effectiveness of digital TEKT interventions in a public health setting. Despite its potential, relatively few trials have been undertaken to investigate the impacts of digital TEKT interventions. The findings suggest that although a digital TEKT intervention may improve knowledge, the effects of such interventions on other outcomes are equivocal.
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Vidmar, Peter, Marko Perkovič, Lucjan Gucma, and Kinga Łazuga. "Risk Assessment of Moored and Passing Ships." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 6825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196825.
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Accidents in port areas are generally relatively minor given the lower prevailing speeds, but dangerous cargo terminals located in the vicinity of populated areas present some risk of accidents with catastrophic consequences. The maritime risk assessment frameworks have been developed in many ports, but few include studies incorporating collisions between sailing and moored ships. This paper presents the risk assessment framework for such accidents. Moreover, it presents the important role of harbour regulations in the navigation risk management process within the port area. Today’s port regulations are created mostly based on the good practice of pilots and other experts, whereas quantitative methods are used less frequently. The intention of the presented case study was to demonstrate how quantitative risk assessment may be used in port policy development, which is why the method created is general and may be used in any terminal with dangerous cargo. The multi-stage method consists of several steps that make up a complex methodology, consisting of expert study, real-time simulation—a simulation of a collision in port is presented—and analytical-empirical calculations for consequence assessment. The case studies of the developed method are presented based on two real accidents, one in the Police port along the Świnoujście-Szczecin waterway, and the second in the Port of Koper in Slovenia. The results of this study present the parameters of the ship’s safe approach to the terminal area, such as velocity and approaching angle. These parameters are used to calculate the impact forces in the case of a collision between a moored and passing ship and its consequences on ship integrity as well as on mooring arrangement. Based on probability and consequences, the risk is evaluated and discussed in the sense of port safety. The presented method could be used as the framework for risk assessment of collisions in a port area, particularly when dealing with dangerous cargo or sensitive vessels such as cruise ships.
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Майер and Robert Mayer. "Training Modeling Based on Representation of the Meaningful Information As a System of Connected Elements." Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 6, no. 2 (July 18, 2017): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_595cd4b9418830.47023663.
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The development of didactics requires improvement of the mathematical and computer modeling methods of the didactic systems. The article studies the processes of assimilation and forgetting of the meaningful information and builds a simulation model of training at school. In the work are used the system approach, and also methods of the qualitative, mathematical and computer modeling by imitation of the stochastic processes and the numerical solution of the differential equations system. The pupil’s meaningful knowledge is considered as set of a large number of the information blocks consisting of the sequences of the learning material elements (LME) which can be two types: used and not used in follow-up activity of the pupil. The model considers the decrease in the forgetting speed with the increasing number of requests for each LME. The graphs of the pupil’s knowledge dependence from time in case of various lessons duration are received. It is visible that after the end of training the amount of the pupil’s meaningful knowledge at first remains almost constant, and then decreases under the logistic law. It is created the simulation model of training at 11-year school which considers division of knowledge into three categories: 1) the strong knowledge which the pupils uses often; 2) knowledge of theories, the ideas, reasoning which are well associated with the existing concepts in the pupil’s consciousness, but not used in practice; 3) seldom used knowledge of the separate facts badly associated with already existing pupil’s knowledge. The offered approach allowed to explain and model the regularities of the meaningful information forgetting. After the end of training not used LME are quickly forgotten, and the pupil can't reproduce all studied ideas any more although he remembers some LME which are commonly used in life. The created three-component model of training at school takes into account distribution of educational information on classes and plotted various types of the pupil’s knowledge from time.
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Sheng, Lei, Weichao Zhao, Ying Zhou, Weimeng Lin, Chunyan Du, and Hongwei Lou. "A Surrogate Model Based Multi-Objective Optimization Method for Optical Imaging System." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (July 5, 2022): 6810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136810.
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An optimization model for the optical imaging system was established in this paper. It combined the modern design of experiments (DOE) method known as Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), Kriging surrogate model training, and the multi-objective optimization algorithm NSGA-III into the optimization of a triplet optical system. Compared with the methods that rely mainly on optical system simulation, this surrogate model-based multi-objective optimization method can achieve a high-accuracy result with significantly improved optimization efficiency. Using this model, case studies were carried out for two-objective optimizations of a Cooke triplet optical system. The results showed that the weighted geometric spot diagram and the maximum field curvature were reduced 5.32% and 11.59%, respectively, in the first case. In the second case, where the initial parameters were already optimized by Code-V, this model further reduced the weighted geometric spot diagram and the maximum field curvature by another 3.53% and 4.33%, respectively. The imaging quality in both cases was considerably improved compared with the initial design, indicating that the model is suitable for the optimal design of an optical system.
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Eduardo Tarifa, Enrique, Eleonora Erdmann, Demetrio Humana, María Soledad Vicente, Luis Rodolfo Cari, and Lorgio Mercado Fuentes. "Gas transport network analysis." Ingeniería e Investigación 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v27n3.14849.
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Growing demand for natural gas necessarily leads to demands for increased transport network capacity. This can be done by increasing the capacity of already installed gas pipelines and optimising operating conditions. Greater knowledge (know-how) regarding the process is thus needed and may be applied by following the procedure outlined in this work. The proposed method concerns studying a gas network by using simulation tools; it has been used for studying a transport network in Argentina. The proposed method has the following stages: 1) system analysis (identifying parameters, disturbances, manipulated variables, state variables and output variables), 2) stationary simulation, 3) dynamic simulation and 4) case studies (analysing sensitivity, stability and controllability). Once a system’s critical variables have been identified then stationary simulation allows the amount of gas and its pressure to be determined for each sink, in several scenarios. These results can be used for designing suitable operational procedure for such cases. Dynamic simulation describes a system’s stationary state and how the state of the process evolves. Such additional information allows refining previously-designed procedures and also makes dynamic simulation an excellent tool for operator training. Two alternatives were analysed for stationary simulation: an HYSYS simulator and traditional Excel spreadsheet calculations. Predicted stationary states were similar by both methods. The sensitivity of the most relevant system variables was then studied; the HYSYS simulator was used for dynamic simulation in all cases. System sensitivity and dynamics were determined, such information being required for making improvements to network installations and operational procedures and thereby proving the procedure’s worth.
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Stupnikov, Dmitriy, Andrey Tolstyh, Sergey Malyukov, Aleksey Aksenov, and Sergey Novikov. "CALCULATION OF MANIPULATOR EXPERIMENTAL MODEL FOR STUDYING THE METHODS OF LEARNING (WITH REINFORCEMENT)." Forestry Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2021.1/13.
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Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning algorithm. These algorithms interact with the model of the environment in which the robotic system is supposed to be used, and make it possible to obtain relatively simple approximations of effective sets of system actions to achieve the set goal. The use of reinforcement learning will allow training the model on server hardware, and in the final system use already trained neural networks, the complexity of calculating the response of which directly depends on their topology. In the presented work, a statistical calculation of a prototype of a robotic manipulator for bench research of reinforcement learning systems has been carried out. The choice of design features and materials has been substantiated; the main units and design features have been considered. The studies were carried out in the SolidWorks Simulation software. A prototype of a robotic manipulator with a sufficiently high safety margin was obtained. It is concluded that the main stress concentrator is the junction of the eyelet and the platform, however, the maximum stress value was 38.804 kgf/sm2, which is insignificant. In this case, the maximum resulting movement will be concentrated in the upper part of the eyelet, and will shift depending on the position of the manipulator arm. The maximum recorded displacement is 0.073 mm, which is negligible
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Murray, David J., John R. Boulet, Joseph F. Kras, Julie A. Woodhouse, Thomas Cox, and John D. McAllister. "Acute Care Skills in Anesthesia Practice." Anesthesiology 101, no. 5 (November 1, 2004): 1084–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200411000-00007.
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Background A recurring initiative in graduate education is to find more effective methods to assess specialists' skills. Life-sized simulators could be used to assess the more complex skills expected in specialty practice if a curriculum of relevant exercises were developed that could be simply and reliably scored. The purpose of this study was to develop simulation exercises and associated scoring methods and determine whether these scenarios could be used to evaluate acute anesthesia care skills. Methods Twenty-eight residents (12 junior and 16 senior) managed three intraoperative and three postoperative simulation exercises. Trainees were required to make a diagnosis and intervention in a simulation encounter designed to recreate an acute perioperative complication. The videotaped performances were scored by six raters. Three raters used a checklist scoring system. Three faculty raters measured when trainees performed three key diagnostic or therapeutic actions during each 5-min scenario. These faculty also provided a global score using a 10-cm line with scores from 0 (unsatisfactory) to 10 (outstanding). The scenarios included (1) intraoperative myocardial ischemia, (2) postoperative anaphylaxis, (3) intraoperative pneumothorax, (4) postoperative cerebral hemorrhage with intracranial hypertension, (5) intraoperative ventricular tachycardia, and (6) postoperative respiratory failure. Results The high correlation among all of the scoring systems and small variance among raters' scores indicated that all of the scoring systems measured similar performance domains. Scenarios varied in their overall difficulty. Even though trainees who performed well on one exercise were likely to perform well in subsequent scenarios, the authors found that there were considerable differences in case difficulty. Conclusion This study suggests that simulation can be used to measure more complex skills expected in specialty training. Similar to other studies that assess a broad content domain, multiple encounters are needed to estimate skill effectively and accurately.
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Izonin, Ivan, and Nataliya Shakhovska. "Special issue: informatics & data-driven medicine-2021." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, no. 10 (2022): 9769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022454.
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<abstract> <p>Modern medical diagnosis, treatment, or rehabilitation problems of the patient reach completely different levels due to the rapid development of artificial intelligence tools. Methods of machine learning and optimization based on the intersection of historical data of various volumes provide significant support to physicians in the form of accurate and fast solutions of automated diagnostic systems. It significantly improves the quality of medical services. This special issue deals with the problems of medical diagnosis and prognosis in the case of short datasets. The problem is not new, but existing machine learning methods do not always demonstrate the adequacy of prediction or classification models, especially in the case of limited data to implement the training procedures. That is why the improvement of existing and development of new artificial intelligence tools that will be able to solve it effectively is an urgent task. The special issue contains the latest achievements in medical diagnostics based on the processing of small numerical and image-based datasets. Described methods have a strong theoretical basis, and numerous experimental studies confirm the high efficiency of their application in various applied fields of Medicine.</p> </abstract>
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Chen, Wenbo, Zhihao Shang, and Yanhua Chen. "A Novel Hybrid Network Traffic Prediction Approach Based on Support Vector Machines." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2019 (February 12, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2182803.
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Network traffic prediction performs a main function in characterizing network community performance. An approach which could appropriately seize the salient characteristics of the network visitors could be very useful for network analysis and simulation. Network traffic prediction methods could be divided into two classes: one is the single models and the opposite is the hybrid fashions. The hybrid models integrate the merits of several single models and consequently can enhance the network traffic prediction accuracy. In this paper, a new hybrid network traffic prediction method (EPSVM) primarily based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) is presented. The EPSVM first utilizes EMD to eliminate the impact of noise signals. Then, SVM is applied to model training and fitting, and the parameters of SVM are optimized by PSO. The effectiveness of the presented method is examined by evaluating it with different methods, including basic SVM (BSVM), Empirical Mode Decomposition processed by SVM (ESVM), and SVM optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSVM). Case studies have demonstrated that EPSVM performed better than the other three network traffic prediction models.
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Pratama, Galih Chandra, Wagiran Wagiran, and Soeprapto Rachmad Said. "Pengembangan Off Job Training Spesialis Perbaikan Boom Excavator Dengan Pengelasan GMAW Di PT Thiess." JURNAL DINAMIKA VOKASIONAL TEKNIK MESIN 1, no. 1 (October 28, 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/dinamika.v1i1.11450.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and effectiveness of off-the-job training for repairing damaged boom excavator with GMAW welding processes in XXI Welder group at PT. Thiess. The research methods being used were Research and Development. Data were collected using observation, interview, test and questionnaire. The object of this study is class group, which is the apprentice group XXI Welder at PT. Thiess with 10 trainees as respondents. Data were analyzed using comparative statistics techniques with a non-parametric test. Data were compared based on the results obtained from the research instruments. The result shows the characteristics of learning off-the-job training, which are: learning is done based on case studies found in the workplace; the training participants is limited; the learning methods is group teaching, in which the learners are active with simulation methods. The effectiveness of learning off-the-job training were analyzed using non-parametric Wilcoxon comparative tests. From the pre-test and post-test data it was obtained the p-value of 0.007, so that 0.007<0.05 therefore reject H0. It shows that there are differences in the pre-test and post-test result of the learners.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan efektivitas pembelajaran off job training untuk perbaikan hasil lasan pada boom excavator yang mengalami kerusakan dengan proses pengelasan GMAW pada peserta apprentice program group XXI Welder di PT Thiess. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode research and development. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, tes dan angket. Objek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik Apprentice Program bidang Welder group XXI PT Thiess dengan jumlah responden 10 orang. Teknik analisis data berupa statistik komparatif menggunakan uji non-parametrik, data yang ada dibandingkan berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dari instrumen penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik pembelajaran off job training yaitu peserta terbatas dengan pembelajaran berupa group teaching dimana pesera didik bersifat aktif dengan metode simulasi. Efektifitas pembelajaran berdasarkan uji non-parametrik Wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa nilai untuk data pre-test & post-test peserta didik p-value sebesar 0.007 sehingga 0,007 < 0,05 tolak H0 yang menyatakan bahwa ada perbedaan nilai pre-test dan post-test peserta didik pada pengembangan pembelajaran off job training perbaikan hasil lasan pada boom excavator.
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Guo, Zhenyu, Chaohui Chen, Guohua Gao, and Jeroen Vink. "Enhancing the Performance of the Distributed Gauss-Newton Optimization Method by Reducing the Effect of Numerical Noise and Truncation Error With Support-Vector Regression." SPE Journal 23, no. 06 (October 22, 2018): 2428–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/187430-pa.
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Summary Numerical optimization is an integral part of many history-matching (HM) workflows. However, the optimization performance can be affected negatively by the numerical noise existent in the forward models when the gradients are estimated numerically. As an unavoidable part of reservoir simulation, numerical noise refers to the error caused by the incomplete convergence of linear or nonlinear solvers or truncation errors caused by different timestep cuts. More precisely, the allowed solver tolerances and allowed changes of pressure and saturation imply that simulation results no longer smoothly change with changing model parameters. For HM with linear-distributed Gaussian-Newton (L-DGN), caused by the discontinuity of simulation results, the sensitivity matrix computed by linear interpolation might be less accurate, which might result in slow convergence or, even worse, failure of convergence. Recently, we have developed an HM workflow by integrating the support-vector regression (SVR) with the distributed-Gaussian-Newton (DGN) method optimization method referred to as SVR-DGN. Unlike L-DGN that computes the sensitivity matrix with a simple linear proxy, SVR-DGN computes the sensitivity matrix by taking the gradient of the SVR proxies. In this paper, we provide theoretical analysis and case studies to show that SVR-DGN can compute a more-accurate sensitivity matrix than L-DGN, and SVR-DGN is insensitive to the negative influence of numerical noise. We also propose a cost-saving training procedure by replacing bad-training points, which correspond to relatively large values of the objective function, with those training-data points (simulation data) that have smaller values of the objective function and are generated at most-recent iterations for training the SVR proxies. Both the L-DGN approach and the newly proposed SVR-DGN approach are tested first with a 2D toy problem to show the effect of numerical noise on their convergence performance. We find that their performance is comparable when the toy problem is free of numerical noise. As the numerical-noise level increases, the performance of the L-DGN degrades sharply. By contrast, the SVR-DGN performance is quite stable. Then, both methods are tested using a real-field HM example. The convergence performance of the SVR-DGN is quite robust for both the tight and loose numerical settings, whereas the performance of the L-DGN degrades significantly when loose numerical settings are applied.
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Nainggolan, Daniel Junwaldi MP. "Intelligence in Countering Hoaxes in Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 119–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijctns.v1i2.60585.
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This research is motivated by the existence of many potential people who are consumed by hoax information that is available on various social media that are freely circulating in cyberspace. The potential for spreading hoax information in the Salatiga area is very disturbing to the community so that appropriate efforts are needed to overcome these problems. The purpose of this study is to explain the function of gathering intelligence in preventing the spread of hoaxes ahead of the presidential election in the jurisdiction of the Salatiga Police, the mechanism for raising intelligence and explaining the factors that influence it. The knife of analysis in this research is the theory of strategic management, management theory and the concept of raising intelligence. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach with a case study research method, which was then carried out through interviews, observations and document studies and analyzed by reducing data, presenting data and verifying data. The results of this study indicate the function of gathering intelligence in preventing the spread of hoaxes ahead of the presidential election in the jurisdiction of the Salatiga Police. The intelligence-raising mechanism is implemented with planning steps, the implementation of which includes the stages of infiltration, dispersal, denial, direction, investigation of allegiances, shifts, and mergers, as well as evaluating and reporting intelligence-raising actions to the leadership. The influencing factors come from the action agents/intruders who do not have reliable capabilities evenly in the implementation of intelligence-raising actions, the limited budget for intelligence-raising operations, the lack of infrastructure facilities used for intelligence-raising operations and the lack of appropriate methods in implementing the action-raising activities. intelligence, as well as the sensitivity of the target to the actions of infiltrating agents who carry out these intelligence-raising actions. Suggestions in this study are to provide intruders with various intelligence-raising action training standards, and provide intruders with various abilities to approach the public and the ability to utilize technology that can be used for intelligence-raising actions.
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Liu, Jiashuo, Zheyan Shen, Peng Cui, Linjun Zhou, Kun Kuang, Bo Li, and Yishi Lin. "Stable Adversarial Learning under Distributional Shifts." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 8662–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i10.17050.
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Machine learning algorithms with empirical risk minimization are vulnerable under distributional shifts due to the greedy adoption of all the correlations found in training data. Recently, there are robust learning methods aiming at this problem by minimizing the worst-case risk over an uncertainty set. However, they equally treat all covariates to form the decision sets regardless of the stability of their correlations with the target, resulting in the overwhelmingly large set and low confidence of the learner. In this paper, we propose Stable Adversarial Learning (SAL) algorithm that leverages heterogeneous data sources to construct a more practical uncertainty set and conduct differentiated robustness optimization, where covariates are differentiated according to the stability of their correlations with the target. We theoretically show that our method is tractable for stochastic gradient-based optimization and provide the performance guarantees for our method. Empirical studies on both simulation and real datasets validate the effectiveness of our method in terms of uniformly good performance across unknown distributional shifts.
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Ranabhat, Pratibha, Monica Nikitara, Evangelos Latzourakis, and Costas S. Constantinou. "Effectiveness of Nurses’ Training in Identifying, Reporting and Handling Elderly Abuse: A Systematic Literature Review." Geriatrics 7, no. 5 (October 1, 2022): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050108.
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The elderly population globally is estimated to grow by one-third of the world’s population by the year 2050. At the same time, elder abuse and neglect have been acknowledged as major growing concerns. With the growing elderly population and increasing concerns about elder abuse, understanding the ways to deal with elder abuse is important. The healthcare professionals, especially nurses, are among the first groups who come in contact with the elderly population and can identify and assess cases of elder abuse. There is evidence to suggest that nurses lack knowledge in the assessment, identification, management, and reporting of an elder abuse case. This study aims to explore the available literature in the effectiveness of training programs for nurses in elder abuse management. The search strategy included the electronic databases CINHAL, Medline, and Health Source. A total of 646 research articles published between 2010 and 2021 were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. After reviewing and removing duplicates and irrelevant studies, 14 articles were included in this review. The findings of this literature review revealed that providing education and training for nurses in elder abuse can enhance their knowledge and increase identification and reporting of elder abuse cases. It also indicated that mixed teaching methods, such as face-to-face lectures, simulation, or case scenarios and debriefings or feedback can strengthen the learning process of nurses. In conclusion, educational programs for nurses can significantly improve the identification, reporting, and handling skills of elder abuse incidents. This finding can help in developing accurate strategies for minimizing and preventing elder abuse cases. From the results of this systematic review, we propose the ECLiPSE pathway for the effective training of nurses and handling of elder abuse cases, eventually contributing to decreasing the incidents.
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Перова, Е. А. "BUSINESS SIMULATION VS BUSINESS GAME: CHALLENGES OF CONTEMPORARY VOCATIONAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING." Вестник ГГНТУ. Гуманитарные и социально-экономические науки, no. 3(21) (December 29, 2020): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34708/gstou.2020.76.22.008.
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Множество исследований посвящено теории деловых игр, но цифровизация образования диктует необходимость перехода современной лингводидактики к интенсивному применению практико-ориентированных методов и технологий электронного обучения. В данном контексте представленная статья нацелена на выявление основных теоретико-методологических различий в определении терминов «бизнес-симуляция» и «деловая игра». Для реализации целей данного исследования рассмотрена эффективность применения виртуальной симуляции «Virtual Manager» и бизнес-симуляции на основе проектной деятельности «Sea Island» в качестве средств лингво- профессиональной подготовки студентов направлений «Cервис» и «Гостиничное дело». Важным выводом данного исследования является то, что корректно подобранная и интегрированная в программу обучения бизнес-симуляция, соответствующая языковому и когнитивному уровню, профессиональным компетенциям обучаемых, профильно ориентированному содержанию, обладающая междисциплинарной спецификой, позволяет внести не только весомый аффективный компонент, но и стать эффективным инструментом когнитивно-деятельностного обучения. Although numerous studies were devoted to the taxonomy of business games, contemporary vocational foreign language training has transformed its methods and techniques to web-based computer assisted language learning practices and scenarios in order to meet the needs of education in the digital age. In this context, the paper aims to identify the theoretical and methodological difference between the definitions “business simulation” and “business game”. Relating to the issue, this study dwells upon the effective application of virtual simulation “Virtual Manager” along with project-based simulation “Sea Island” as tools for vocational foreign language teaching of future hospitality professionals. The important finding of the research is the ability of business simulation to become an effective tool for affective, cognitive and behavioral learning in case it is properly selected and carefully integrated into a subject-matter and interdisciplinary curriculum and consistent with students’ language proficiency, cognitive level and professional expertise.
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Zlatanova, Sisi, Peter van Oosterom, and Edward Verbree. "Geo-Information Support in Management of Urban Disasters." Open House International 31, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2006-b0008.
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Within the management of urban disasters, geo-information systems (GIS) are used in any of the phases of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery as most of the required data have a spatial component. Examples of GIS-based decision support systems on mitigation are found in simulation models of floods and earthquakes. In the preparation phase all kinds of spatial observations and models can be used to predict which areas will be threatened. To prepare for adequately responding in case of an actual disaster, these systems are capable of developing realistic scenarios that are used within training and virtual reality (VR) systems. During the actual response phase geo-information is used intensively: for getting an impression of the environment, for routing, for obtaining up-to-date information about the actual situation, etc. In the recovery phase, there is often a high public and political interest to judge the situation - comparing the pre- and post-disaster situation - and to set priorities for the rebuilding. Despite this potential of GIS-based support for urban disaster management, the use of these systems or even the utilisation of geo-information itself is still very limited in countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The emergency management is usually done with paper maps that are seldom up-to-date. Useful systems to support decision makers in any of the phases of disaster management are nearly completely lacking. To improve the work of decision makers and rescue teams, different premises have to be archived in relation to: meta-information to provide insight on the availability and usefulness of the geo-information itself, the technical equipment of the rescue teams (i.e. communication devices and field computers), and the up-to-date information from the affected areas (images, observations, reports). This paper suggests a framework for “urban and urgent” disaster management to facilitate the work of police forces, fire departments, ambulances and government coordinators in disaster situations by extending and improving the utilisation of geo-information. Within a pre-disaster situation, geo-information support management further can assist planning for prevention and mitigation.
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Demianchuk, М. R. "ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF STUDYING VOCATIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE JUNIOR SPECIALISTS IN NURSING IN COLLEGES." Медична освіта, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/me.2414-5998.2020.2.11141.
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The article reproduces the results of theoretical analysis of scientific studies which have been conducted to improve various aspects of vocational training of future junior specialists in nursing. The expediency of conducting a scientific and research work in the process of students’ study in medical colleges. It has been generalized that scholars studied problems of formation of professional competence, identity, readiness to different types of activities (research, project, promotion and implementation of healthy lifestyle ideas) in students of medical colleges.
It has been argued that in order to prove the effectiveness of the author’s methodic of vocational training of future junior specialists in nursing in medical colleges is necessary to organize experimental research and make analysis of its results. Comparative analysis of results at different stages of the scientific and research work contributed to establishing the effectiveness of the author’s methodic for organizing educational process.
The methods of questionnaire, testing, interviewing, observation, evaluation of students’ participation in solving professional-situational and simulation problems, etc. have been used to examine readiness of medical colleges students to professional work. In order to determine the formation of students’ motives and valuable orientations, to establish the level of knowledge, practical abilities, skills, readiness to professional development at all stages of research students from seven medical colleges have been involved.
The structure of readiness to professional activity of future junior specialists in nursing is presented. The results of the incoming and final controls to determine the levels of formation of all four components and readiness to professional work of students from control and experimental groups in general have been compared. The results of comparative analysis have stated that organization of training of students from experimental groups led to better results in vocational training of future junior specialists in nursing than in the case of traditional training in control groups.
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Ai, P., Z. Deng, Y. Wang, and C. Shen. "Universal uncertainty estimation for nuclear detector signals with neural networks and ensemble learning." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 02 (February 1, 2022): P02032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/02/p02032.
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Abstract Characterizing uncertainty is a common issue in nuclear measurement and has important implications for reliable physical discovery. Traditional methods are either insufficient to cope with the heterogeneous nature of uncertainty or inadequate to perform well with unknown mathematical models. In this paper, we propose using multi-layer convolutional neural networks for empirical uncertainty estimation and feature extraction of nuclear pulse signals. This method is based on deep learning, a recent development of machine learning techniques, which learns the desired mapping function from training data and generalizes to unseen test data. Furthermore, ensemble learning is utilized to estimate the uncertainty originating from trainable parameters of the network and to improve the robustness of the whole model. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, simulation studies, in comparison with curve fitting, investigate extensive conditions and show its universal applicability. Finally, a case study is made using data from a NICA-MPD electromagnetic calorimeter module exposed to a test beam at DESY, Germany. The uncertainty estimation method successfully detected out-of-distribution samples and also achieved good accuracy in time and energy measurements.
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Damacharla, Praveen, Parashar Dhakal, Jyothi Priyanka Bandreddi, Ahmad Y. Javaid, Jennie J. Gallimore, Colin Elkin, and Vijay K. Devabhaktuni. "Novel Human-in-the-Loop (HIL) Simulation Method to Study Synthetic Agents and Standardize Human–Machine Teams (HMT)." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 8390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238390.
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This work presents a multi-year study conducted at the University of Toledo, aimed at improving human–machine teaming (HMT) methods and technologies. With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) in 21st-century machines, collaboration between humans and machines has become highly complicated for real-time applications. The penetration of intelligent and synthetic assistants (IA/SA) in virtually every field has opened up a path to the area of HMT. When it comes to crucial tasks such as patient treatment/care, industrial production, and defense, the use of non-standardized HMT technologies may pose a risk to human lives and cost billions of taxpayer dollars. A thorough literature survey revealed that there are not many established standards or benchmarks for HMT. In this paper, we propose a method to design an HMT based on a generalized architecture. This design includes the development of an intelligent collaborative system and the human team. Followed by the identification of processes and metrics to test and validate the proposed model, we present a novel human-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation method. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated using two controlled HMT scenarios: Emergency care provider (ECP) training and patient treatment by an experienced medic. Both scenarios include humans processing visual data and performing actions that represent real-world applications while responding to a Voice-Based Synthetic Assistant (VBSA) as a collaborator that keeps track of actions. The impact of various machines, humans, and HMT parameters is presented from the perspective of performance, rules, roles, and operational limitations. The proposed HIL method was found to assist in standardization studies in the pursuit of HMT benchmarking for critical applications. Finally, we present guidelines for designing and benchmarking HMTs based on the case studies’ results analysis.
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Lin, Liang-Sian, Susan C. Hu, Yao-San Lin, Der-Chiang Li, and Liang-Ren Siao. "A new approach to generating virtual samples to enhance classification accuracy with small data—a case of bladder cancer." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, no. 6 (2022): 6204–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022290.
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<abstract> <p>In the medical field, researchers are often unable to obtain the sufficient samples in a short period of time necessary to build a stable data-driven forecasting model used to classify a new disease. To address the problem of small data learning, many studies have demonstrated that generating virtual samples intended to augment the amount of training data is an effective approach, as it helps to improve forecasting models with small datasets. One of the most popular methods used in these studies is the mega-trend-diffusion (MTD) technique, which is widely used in various fields. The effectiveness of the MTD technique depends on the degree of data diffusion. However, data diffusion is seriously affected by extreme values. In addition, the MTD method only considers data fitted using a unimodal triangular membership function. However, in fact, data may come from multiple distributions in the real world. Therefore, considering the fact that data comes from multi-distributions, in this paper, a distance-based mega-trend-diffusion (DB-MTD) technique is proposed to appropriately estimate the degree of data diffusion with less impacts from extreme values. In the proposed method, it is assumed that the data is fitted by the triangular and trapezoidal membership functions to generate virtual samples. In addition, a possibility evaluation mechanism is proposed to measure the applicability of the virtual samples. In our experiment, two bladder cancer datasets are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed DB-MTD method. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method outperforms other VSG techniques in classification and regression items for small bladder cancer datasets.</p> </abstract>
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Ilina, O. V., and M. V. Tereshonok. "A DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK TRAINING TECHNIQUE FOR REMOTE SENSING ROBUST OBJECT LOCALIZATION." H&ES Research 14, no. 5 (2022): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2409-5419-2022-14-5-4-13.
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Intoduction: At present, aerial photographic object detection systems using deep convolutional neural networks are heavily used. However, in the case of remote sensing of the Earth, the quality of images can be extremely low due to a variety of negative phenomena. The most common distortion in the images is the Gaussian blur, which leads to a reduction in the clarity of the objects in these images, which in turn greatly reduces the effectiveness of the object detection system. Purpose: the purpose of the paper is to improve robustness (distortion performance) of the convoluted neural network in the system of localization of objects on blurred aerial photographs without the use of additional pre-processing or post-processing units, which results in unnecessary computing costs. Methods: to achieve the main goal, using training data augmentation by including blurred images with various levels of distortion is proposed. Results: The simulation has shown that, as the fraction of distorted images increases and the level of distortion raises, the training dataset increases the metric of the average recall of the vehicle localization system on distorted test images. At the same time, however, there is a decline in the metric of intersection of the predicted regions of interest with the true objects in the same distorted test images. The study has shown the existence of an optimal level of image distortion in the training dataset to produce the most stable (robust) deep convolutional neural networks. Problem is solved on the example of localization of vehicles on aerial photographs of the Earth. Practical relevance: the proposed method makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the system for localizing objects on distort! ed aerial images without increasing the computational complexity. Discussion: Further detailed studies of deep convolutional neural networks behavior in the real world, namely, under various image distortions, will allow to increase robustness in a wide variety of situations.
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Aiello, Stephen, and Norm Wilkinson. "MESH360." Pacific Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning 2, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjtel.v2i1.56.
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Paramedics deal with a variety of emergency situations, ranging from natural disasters to road traffic accidents. Higher education providers need to critically explore how to best prepare student paramedics for high risk, unforeseen events that require critical awareness and diagnostic problem-solving capabilities. Hi-fidelity mannequin based simulation is a widely adopted and proven technique for clinical training and critical care response education (Kaufman, 2010). However, traditional mannequin based simulation in isolation limits a meaningful learning context and authentic real-world assessment influences.
The MESH360 project involves a collaborative transdisciplinary team of designers and educational researchers, in the design of XR to enhance student and professional paramedic training to prepare practitioners for the environmental stressors and critical care decisions involved in high-risk situations.
This presentation explores the third iteration prototype design stage of an immersive reality (XR) enhanced simulation project in critical healthcare higher education. To promote student engagement through innovative learning tasks, XR was employed to introduce critical elements of patient and practitioner risk and stress by creating a learning environment that more authentically simulates these elements.
Design Based Research (DBR) provided a structure within a four-phase iterative framework (McKenney & Reeves, 2012) when designing the XR learning environment (Cochrane et al., 2017). Using DBR, the project explored the impact of mobile XR enhanced simulation for novice and professional paramedics. This project explored the development and implementation with an enhanced simulation scenario involving a virtual helicopter ride and an immersive simulated patient rescue.
The project used mixed methods to triangulate qualitative and quantitative data within the design. We measured participant stress by recording heart rate (HR) followed by subjective qualitative participant responses and feedback (Pre and post participant surveys, and post focus group). The thematic analysis showed a positive and enthusiastic experience by the students. Whilst some thought there was room for increased helicopter fidelity, all students believed that XR provided a more authentic experience. This presentation will demonstrate the methods and user reaction of this prototype study.
This is the third iteration prototyping a DBR project that explores the development of an immersive reality framework for enhanced critical care simulation for educating paramedics within an authentic learning environment. A learning solution was implemented into an educational setting offering context to real-world learning within an engaging authentic environment. The next stages of the research will iteratively evaluate and refine prototype immersive reality learning environments, comparing the impact upon both novice and expert paramedics. This will inform the next phase of the DBR project that will focus upon the development of design principles for a transferable design framework.
References
Cochrane, T., Cook, S., Aiello, S., Christie, D., Sinfield, D., Steagall, M., & Aguayo, C. (2017). A DBR Framework for Designing Mobile Virtual Reality Learning Environments. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology (AJET), 33(6), 54-68. doi: https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.3613
Kaufman, D. (2010). Simulation in Health Professional Education. In D. Kaufman & L. Sauvé (Eds.), Educational Gameplay and Simulation Environments: Case Studies and Lessons Learned (pp. 51-67). Hershey, PA, USA: IGI Global.
McKenney, S., & Reeves, T. (2012). Conducting educational design research. London: Routledge.
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Gimbernat-Mayol, Julia, Albert Dominguez Mantes, Carlos D. Bustamante, Daniel Mas Montserrat, and Alexander G. Ioannidis. "Archetypal Analysis for population genetics." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 8 (August 25, 2022): e1010301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010301.
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The estimation of genetic clusters using genomic data has application from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to demographic history to polygenic risk scores (PRS) and is expected to play an important role in the analyses of increasingly diverse, large-scale cohorts. However, existing methods are computationally-intensive, prohibitively so in the case of nationwide biobanks. Here we explore Archetypal Analysis as an efficient, unsupervised approach for identifying genetic clusters and for associating individuals with them. Such unsupervised approaches help avoid conflating socially constructed ethnic labels with genetic clusters by eliminating the need for exogenous training labels. We show that Archetypal Analysis yields similar cluster structure to existing unsupervised methods such as ADMIXTURE and provides interpretative advantages. More importantly, we show that since Archetypal Analysis can be used with lower-dimensional representations of genetic data, significant reductions in computational time and memory requirements are possible. When Archetypal Analysis is run in such a fashion, it takes several orders of magnitude less compute time than the current standard, ADMIXTURE. Finally, we demonstrate uses ranging across datasets from humans to canids.
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Quoc Lam, Phan, Vo Van Tuan, and Duong Thi Thanh. "Improve Teaching Capacity at Private Universities in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam According to AUN-QA." International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education 8, no. 3 (December 20, 2020): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2334-8496-2020-8-3-61-72.
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The purpose of this study was to develop an approach to assessing the potential of teachers for the possibility of introducing quality standards of the educational process according to AUN-QA in the higher education system of Vietnam. A survey of teachers and managers of 6 private universities in Ho Chi Minh City was carried out, aimed at assessing the quality of university teachers and their potential to AUN-QA standards. The number of respondents was 172 teachers and 42 managers of the studied universities. Evaluation of the survey responses was made on a 4-point Likert scale. Using the SPSS 22.0 software package, statistical processing of the results of the questionnaire survey of teachers was carried out. By means of questionnaires, an assessment of the need (urgency) and the possibility of implementing measures aimed at increasing the teaching potential was carried out. A pedagogical experiment was carried out, which involved the passage of training for teachers in order to increase the pedagogical potential: the development of the theoretical base and practical skills in the application of teaching methods, such as Teaching simulation, Teaching case studies, Learning project, Teaching by situation, Lecture, Problem solving, Teaching in groups, Practical methods, experiments, Training method, review. The experiment involved 61 teachers from Van Lang University. According to the results of the experiment, a statistically significant increase in the level of methodological knowledge of teachers and skills for their implementation was revealed. The results obtained are of practical importance and can serve as a basis for solving numerous problems of higher education in the country. They can also be used to improve the quality of educational services, the effectiveness of reforms in the education system of Vietnam.
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Rosasco, John, Michele L. McCarroll, M. David Gothard, Jerry Myers, Patrick Hughes, Alan Schwartz, Richard L. George, and Rami A. Ahmed. "Medical Decision-Making in the Physician Hierarchy: A Pilot Pedagogical Evaluation." Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 7 (January 2020): 238212052092506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2382120520925061.
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Purpose: Recently, the American College of Graduate Medical Education included medical decision-making as a core competency in several specialties. To date, the ability to demonstrate and measure a pedagogical evolution of medical judgment in a medical education program has been limited. In this study, we aim to examine differences in medical decision-making of physician groups in distinctly different stages of their postgraduate career. Methods: The study recruited physicians with a wide spectrum of disciplines and levels of experience to take part in 4 medical simulations divided into 2 categories, abdominal pain (biliary colic [BC] and renal colic [RC]) or chest pain (cardiac ischemia with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] and pneumothorax [PTX]). Evaluation of medical decision-making used the Medical Judgment Metric (MJM). The targeted selection criteria for the physician groups are administrative physicians (APs), representing those with the most experience but whose current duties are largely administrative; resident physicians (RPs), those enrolled in postgraduate medical or surgical training; and mastery level physicians (MPs), those deemed to have mastery level experience. The study measured participant demographics, physiological responses, medical judgment scores, and simulation time to case resolution. Outcome differences were analyzed using Fisher exact tests with post hoc Bonferroni-adjusted z tests and single-factor analysis of variance F tests with post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference, as appropriate. The significance threshold was set at P < .05. Effect sizes were determined and reported to inform future studies. Results: A total of n = 30 physicians were recruited for the study with n = 10 participants in each physician group. No significant differences were found in baseline demographics between groups. Analysis of simulations showed a significant ( P = .002) interaction for total simulation time between groups RP: 6.2 minutes (±1.58); MP: 8.7 minutes (±2.46); and AP: 10.3 minutes (±2.78). The AP MJM scores, 12.3 (±2.66), for the RC simulation were significantly ( P = .010) lower than the RP 14.7 (±1.15) and MP 14.7 (±1.15) MJM scores. Analysis of simulated patient outcomes showed that the AP group was significantly less likely to stabilize the participant in the RC simulation than MP and RP groups ( P = .040). While not significant, all MJM scores for the AP group were lower in the BC, STEMI, and PTX simulations compared with the RP and MP groups. Conclusions: Physicians in distinctly different stages of their respective postgraduate career differed in several domains when assessed through a consistent high-fidelity medical simulation program. Further studies are warranted to accurately assess pedagogical differences over the medical judgment lifespan of a physician.
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Blank, Felix. "A spatial queuing model for the location decision of emergency medical vehicles for pandemic outbreaks: the case of Za'atari refugee camp." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 296–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-07-2020-0058.
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PurposeRefugee camps can be severely struck by pandemics, like potential COVID-19 outbreaks, due to high population densities and often only base-level medical infrastructure. Fast responding medical systems can help to avoid spikes in infections and death rates as they allow the prompt isolation and treatment of patients. At the same time, the normal demand for emergency medical services has to be dealt with as well. The overall goal of this study is the design of an emergency service system that is appropriate for both types of demand.Design/methodology/approachA spatial hypercube queuing model (HQM) is developed that uses queuing-theory methods to determine locations for emergency medical vehicles (also called servers). Therefore, a general optimization approach is applied, and subsequently, virus outbreaks at various locations of the study areas are simulated to analyze and evaluate the solution proposed. The derived performance metrics offer insights into the behavior of the proposed emergency service system during pandemic outbreaks. The Za'atari refugee camp in Jordan is used as a case study.FindingsThe derived locations of the emergency medical system (EMS) can handle all non-virus-related emergency demands. If additional demand due to virus outbreaks is considered, the system becomes largely congested. The HQM shows that the actual congestion is highly dependent on the overall amount of outbreaks and the corresponding case numbers per outbreak. Multiple outbreaks are much harder to handle even if their cumulative average case number is lower than for one singular outbreak. Additional servers can mitigate the described effects and lead to enhanced resilience in the case of virus outbreaks and better values in all considered performance metrics.Research limitations/implicationsSome parameters that were assumed for simplification purposes as well as the overall model should be verified in future studies with the relevant designers of EMSs in refugee camps. Moreover, from a practitioners perspective, the application of the model requires, at least some, training and knowledge in the overall field of optimization and queuing theory.Practical implicationsThe model can be applied to different data sets, e.g. refugee camps or temporary shelters. The optimization model, as well as the subsequent simulation, can be used collectively or independently. It can support decision-makers in the general location decision as well as for the simulation of stress-tests, like virus outbreaks in the camp area.Originality/valueThe study addresses the research gap in an optimization-based design of emergency service systems for refugee camps. The queuing theory-based approach allows the calculation of precise (expected) performance metrics for both the optimization process and the subsequent analysis of the system. Applied to pandemic outbreaks, it allows for the simulation of the behavior of the system during stress-tests and adds a further tool for designing resilient emergency service systems.