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1
Sanden, Michael, and Ericka Wentz. "Kids and Cops: Juveniles’ Perceptions of the Police and Police Services." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 33, no. 4 (August 18, 2017): 411–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986217724536.
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This study examined the impact of four categories of variables (demographics, neighborhood context variables, contact with the police, and vicarious influence variables) on juveniles’ perceptions of the police and police services. Data analyzed in this study were collected as part of a larger research evaluation that examined the impact of law enforcement efforts in relation to violent crime. Survey responses collected from 423 middle school students were analyzed using a series of OLS regression models. The study found significant results for both dependent variables within all four categories of independent variables. Findings emphasize the importance of including influences from multiple sources into studies that examine juveniles’ perceptions of the police. Policy implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.
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Baglivio, Michael T., Haley Zettler, Jessica M. Craig, and Kevin T. Wolff. "Evaluating RNR-Based Targeted Treatment and Intervention Dosage in the Context of Traumatic Exposure." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 19, no. 3 (February 5, 2021): 251–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204020988575.
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Best practices in juvenile justice call for the individualized matching of services to assessed dynamic risk factors, with services delivered at sufficient dosage. However, prior work has largely ignored whether this recipe for recidivism reduction is as effective for adolescents with extensive traumatic exposure as it is for those without. The current study leverages a statewide sample of 1,666 juveniles released from residential placement (84.6% male, 59.8% Black, 11.9% Hispanic). We examine the associations of individual-level service matching and achieving dosage targets established by Lipsey’s Standardized Program Evaluation Protocol (SPEP) during residential placement with changes in dynamic risk during placement and recidivism post-release among juveniles with extensive adverse childhood experiences (ACE) exposure and those without. Results demonstrate heightened traumatic exposure is related to smaller reductions in dynamic risk and to an increased probability of reoffending, but that youth receiving matched services coupled with adequate dosage leads to greater treatment progress (dynamic risk reduction) and lower recidivism post-release for both low-ACE and high-ACE youth. Implications for juvenile justice practice and policy are discussed.
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Terry-McElrath, Yvonne M., and Duane C. McBride. "Local Implementation of Drug Policy and Access to Treatment Services for Juveniles." Crime & Delinquency 50, no. 1 (January 2004): 60–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128703258873.
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Although there is a vigorous national debate regarding effective drug policy, such policies are implemented at the local level. Using a national sample of prosecutors, we examine reported typical processing for first-time juvenile marijuana, cocaine, or crack possession/sales offenders. The relationship between drug offense charge and adjudication outcomes providing treatment versus a deterrence/punitive approach is explored. Findings indicate that marijuana offenses and possession offenses generally are more likely to result in access to treatment services for juveniles whereas cocaine/crack offenses and sales offenses generally are more likely to result in the application of punitive penalties such as transfer to criminal court.
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Brenner, Emily. "Youth Knife Crime in London and Croydon." Contemporary Challenges: The Global Crime, Justice and Security Journal 3 (September 28, 2022): 118–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ccj.v3.6994.
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Rising rates of youth-involved knife crime in London and Croydon have created a culture of fear, drawing criticism of criminal justice practices which aim to tackle this issue. Research shows there is no one core motivator for knife crime among juveniles, but instead an array of possibilities for why young people engage in knife crime. Ranging from lack of community and youth centers to gangs preying on vulnerable young people, different reasons for involvement means creating a layered solution that isn’t one-size-fits-all. Opposing political approaches from the Conservative and Labour parties demonstrate how policy and political agendas play a role in juvenile crime, as well as present potential strategies for combating youth crime. The fallout of austerity measures and financial cuts to community and social services has been cited as a major factor in the rise of juvenile knife crime. This report seeks to demonstrate the aspects and potential causes of juvenile knife crime and criminality, and present possible solutions. Ultimately, a public health approach shows the potential to be effective, as noted by both researchers and young people at risk. Methods used to aid juveniles at risk of engaging in knife crime should account for the intersections of vulnerability. Resources including youth centers, mental health services, and a collaboration of social services would be beneficial in reducing levels of youth-involved knife crime.
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LOEBER, ROLF, and DAVID P. FARRINGTON. "Young children who commit crime: Epidemiology, developmental origins, risk factors, early interventions, and policy implications." Development and Psychopathology 12, no. 4 (December 2000): 737–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400004107.
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An early onset of delinquency prior to age 13 years increases the risk of later serious, violent, and chronic offending by a factor of 2–3. Also child delinquents, compared to juveniles who start offending at a later age, tend to have longer delinquent careers. This article summarizes the report of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's Study Group on Very Young Offenders, chaired by Rolf Loeber and David P. Farrington. The Study Group, consisting of 16 scholars and 23 coauthors, worked for 2 years on preparing a report, undertaking extensive secondary data analyses, and writing chapters in different speciality areas. The report consists of a state of the art review of the developmental background of child delinquents. The report also summarizes risk and protective factors in the individual, family, peer group, school, and neighborhood that affect that development. Lastly, the report renews relevant preventive and remedial interventions in the juvenile justice system, families, peer groups, schools, and neighborhoods, and makes a case for improvement in the integration of services for child delinquents. Policy recommendations are presented to improve methods of dealing with child delinquents by juvenile justice, child welfare, and mental health agencies.
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Stoever, Heino. "Crack Cocaine in Germany — Current State of Affairs." Journal of Drug Issues 32, no. 2 (April 2002): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260203200205.
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Crack cocaine first appeared in German drug markets during the mid-1990s. For several years the drug could only be found in Frankfurt and Hamburg, major cities with large open drug scenes and well-established transportation infrastructures (these cities contain the largest airport and the biggest harbor in Germany). More recently, however, crack cocaine has been found in other cities as well. Police and drug treatment service data suggest that there has been a continuous, although not dramatic, increase in its use. Crack use is typically part of a poly-drug use pattern (used in combination with heroin, benzodiazepines, methadone and alcohol) in metropolitan areas. Most users are well known to the institutions providing counseling and basic care (contact and sleeping houses and methadone treatment centers), and to the police. In addition to well-known members of the visible/open drug scene, three other groups are using crack: marginalized juveniles, young male and female prostitutes and young migrants. At present there is no research data indicating whether these groups have established a stable pattern of use or if they are drifting into a poly-drug use pattern. This paper provides epidemiological data on crack use in Germany, an assessment of future prevalence estimates and speculation about the impact increasing crack use is likely to have on local drug treatment services.
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Ishchenko, I. V. "Preventive activity of the National Police on juvenile prevention." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 98, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2022.3.11.
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On the basis of the norms of administrative law and current legislation analysis, the preventive activities of the National Police on juvenile prevention were investigated. Consideration of the specified problems within the scope of the article allows to expand the traditional approach to juvenile prevention, not only to connect the issue of prevention of offenses with the prevention of criminal offenses among children, but also to develop measures aimed at preventing administrative offenses committed by this category of persons, as well as the implementation of activities, related to the protection of children’s rights. For this purpose, the role of the National Police units for juvenile prevention in the prevention and counteraction of criminal and administrative offenses through the prism of the main tasks that rely on the latter was clarified and disclosed, and measures aimed at improving preventive and prophylactic work to ensure the rights and legitimate interests of children were also highlighted.
It has been found that in the context of the formation of the National Police and the creation of a body aimed at providing high-quality police services to the population, juvenile prevention units direct their efforts to ensure and protect the rights of children. It has been proven that the preventive activity of the National Police on juvenile prevention is regulated by the norms of administrative law, the activity of juvenile prevention units, the content of which is preventive and prophylactic work to ensure the rights and legitimate interests of children, prevent children from committing criminal and administrative offenses, identify the causes and conditions that this is facilitated by taking measures to eliminate them, as well as implementing the norms of current legislation in terms of preventing and countering domestic violence committed by and in relation to children, preventing child neglect and carrying out pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses in the form of an inquiry within the scope of competence.
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Lee, Seung-Chal, and Young-Gil Kwak. "Current Status and Improvement of Autonomous Police System Focusing on Sejong Autonomous City." National Association of Korean Local Government Studies 25, no. 4 (February 28, 2024): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.38134/klgr.2023.25.4.039.
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In order to analyze the operation status of the autonomous police system, we tried to analyze the basic ideology and current status of the Sejong Autonomous Police based on the ideology (necessity) of the autonomous police and suggest the direction of development based on this. First, in terms of democracy (citizen participation), it is implemented in many areas, such as the local police chief's recommendation system, the formation and operation of the “Uteummaru”, the conduct of a circuit meeting of the residents' council, and the operation of the website, but it is necessary to find ways for citizens to actively participate in the operation of the website. Second, in terms of decentralization (providing security services reflecting the characteristics of the region), it operates projects such as building balanced security by improving the environment of crime-prone areas and proactively responding to the changing school violence environment, but it is necessary to develop security service projects that reflect the characteristics of the region. Police statistics show that the rate of special economic crimes is higher than that of other local governments. Population growth is higher than in other regions. Sejong Special Self-Governing City provides security services to respond to relatively young people (Date violence, juvenile crimes, etc.) Third, in terms of political neutrality (representativeness), it is necessary to play a role as a local security service provider that reflects expertise and representativene1ss more by fully considering occupational and career aspects in the composition of the next autonomous police committee.
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Bryndikov, Yuriy. "RESEARCH OF POLYVECTOR ACTIVITY OF THE CENTER OF SOCIAL SERVICES FOR THE FAMILY, CHILDREN AND YOUTH AS A SUBJECT OF SOCIAL WORK." Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University. Series: «Pedagogy. Social Work», no. 2(49) (December 18, 2021): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2524-0609.2021.49.24-28.
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The socio-economic development of Ukraine is accompanied by a number of contradictions and difficulties, involving the displays of social policy mechanisms to protect and support people in difficult life circumstances. The complex work is to become an effective tool for the implementation of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens of Ukraine in terms of social security. The purpose of the study − to highlight the structural elements of the system of social services of Ukraine, in particular, the centers of social services for families, children and youth as a center for social work implementation. Another task – to prove the validity of the Center’s multi-vector activities by analyzing the documents of the Khmelnytskyi City Center for Social Services for Families, Children and Youth. Social services are differentiated as a form of social work of the network of social work bodies, whose professional activity is aimed at implementing the state social policy for socially vulnerable groups of people to support their livelihoods. Based on practical data, we emphasized the effectiveness of multidisciplinary work of social workers in the application of an interdisciplinary form of work, helping individuals to overcome difficult life circumstances. A number of institutions (Khmelnytskyi City Center for Work with Children and Adolescents at the place of residence, Khmelnytskyi City District Department of the State Institution «Probation Center», Khmelnytskyi City Employment Center, Juvenile Prevention Department of the Headquarters of the National Police of Khmelnytskyi region, Remand Prison, the Service for Children of the Khmelnytskyi City Council) habe been characterised, which make up the system of social services, the Center for Social Services for Families, Children and Youth including (example of Khmelnytskyi). The areas of work (individual and group counseling, informational and educational work in educational institutions, social and preventive work with different categories of clients, psychological and motivational work, social support, advertising and information activities in the social sphere) have been disclosed proving the sufficiently high level of efficiency of institution polyvector activity.
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Djanggih, Hardianto, and Sutiawati. "HANDLING CRIMINAL ACTIONS COMMITTED BY CHILDREN THROUGH A RESTORATIVE JUSTICE APPROACH." Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 12, no. 2 (February 15, 2024): e2604. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i2.2604.
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Introduction: A child in conflict with the law or as a child in conflict with the law is someone aged 12 to 18 who is suspected of committing a crime. Objective: This research aims (1) to determine and analyze the handling of criminal acts committed by children using a restorative justice approach. (2) factors that influence the handling of criminal acts committed by children using a restorative justice approach. Method: The research method uses empirical legal research type. This research will be carried out in Makassar City, namely at the Women's and Children's Services Unit of the South Sulawesi Regional Police. The type of data that comes from different sources is primary data, namely data that comes from the main data source in the form of interviews with informants from South Sulawesi Regional Police PPA Unit investigators and children of criminal perpetrators and their families. Result: The research results show that handling criminal acts committed by children is carried out based on restorative justice at the South Sulawesi Regional Police as regulated in Law No. 11 of 2012, still encountering several obstacles. Conclution: Handling criminal acts committed by children through a restorative justice approach is carried out by investigating officers at the PPA Unit of the South Sulawesi Regional Police based on Law no. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System.
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May Pidlao-Palitayan, Beca. "REHABILITATION SERVICES FOR CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW IN BAGUIO CITY." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 07 (July 31, 2023): 804–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/17288.
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The primary purpose of the study was to determine the services of the Bahay Pag-Asa (BPA) in Barangay Irisan, Baguio City, in terms of the available programs and activities, the challenges encountered during implementation, and the strategies that were employed to counter these challenges. The study made use of a qualitative descriptive design. An interview guide was utilized to collect the data. As part of the Juvenile Justice System, the selected participants were the members of the Barangay Council for the Protection of Children(BCPC), the social workers working as house parents in the Bahay Pag-Asa, and the law enforcers in the Women and Children Protection Desk (WCPD)in Baguio City Police Station 9. The members of the BCPC and the WCPD police officers were selected because they are the primary stakeholders in the handling of the cases of Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL) at the barangay level and the law enforcement level. In addition, the house parents working inside the BPA are the best source of information as they are immersed in implementing the intervention and rehabilitation programs.The challenges faced by the three duty bearers share three common themes regarding CICL: broken homes, uncooperative parents, and implementers experiencing work-related stress with the respondent coming from the WCPD experiencing mental stress. At the same time, the respondents from the BCPC experienced problems in the monitoring of repeat offenders. Lastly, the respondents from BPA experienced challenges, including handling tantrums and violations of the residents.As to the strategies used by the three duty bearers in handling the challenges and combating stress, they have commonalities. Specifically, the law enforcer from the WCPD identified support of the family as a helping factor in law enforcement involving CICL while the members of the BCPC identified maximum tolerance and continuous monitoring of the CICL as their strategy. On the other hand, the house parent from the BPA takes care of the residents like his or her own children as well as being flexible in the implementing consequences.
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Tilahun, Temesgen, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Motuma Getachew, Rut Oljira, and Assefa Seme. "Perception and Experience of Youth About Youths Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Western Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross Sectional Study." Health Services Insights 15 (January 2022): 117863292211343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786329221134354.
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Objectives: The use of youth sexual and reproductive health (YSRH) services is low in poor nations like Ethiopia. This puts individuals at risk for a variety of sexual and reproductive health issues. Thus, the goal of this study is to evaluate how young people in East Wollega, Western Ethiopia, perceive and use YSRH services. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional quantitative study mixed with a qualitative inquiry was conducted among 771 participants from February 1 to 28, 2020. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using pretested structured questionnaires adopted from reviewed works of literature on YSRH services. Data were entered using Epi Info version 7.0 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. The qualitative data was collected using interview guides and checklists. These data were analyzed using a thematic framework approach. Results: In this study, 48.2% of teens felt that the YSRH service units’ location within the medical facilities was inconvenient and difficult to access. More than half, 71.3% of participants, concurred that the health providers offer services that are technically sound. The confidentiality of information is disputed by 18% of participants at YSRH service locations. The limited awareness and use of YSRH services was investigated. Because of their fear of embarrassment, lack of privacy, the providers’ attitudes and workload, and the service unit’s awkward location, the adolescents believe they lack the confidence to use YSRH services. Conclusion: Due to low awareness, providers’ attitudes, and characteristics specific to health facilities, such as poorly placed service sites inside such facilities, a lack of services offered there, and a terrible work environment, youth had a negative opinion of YSRH services. Therefore, it is advised that families, local authorities, the medical field, the educational field, and the media all collaborate to alter public opinions of juveniles by utilizing youth-friendly strategies. The authors advise health facilities to respect young people’s privacy, alter health workers’ attitudes, let them use the services, remove obstacles to payment, designate enough health workers for both working and non-working hours, and reorganize the services.
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Nazar, T. Ya. "METHODS OF INTERACTION OF JUVENILE PREVENTION DEPARTMENTS OF THE NATIONAL POLICE AND SOCIAL SERVICES CENTERS OF CRIME PREVENTION AMONG CHILDREN." Private and public law, no. 3 (2020): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/2663-5666.2020.3.15.
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Patterson, George T., and Philip G. Swan. "Police social work and social service collaboration strategies one hundred years after Vollmer." Policing: An International Journal 42, no. 5 (October 10, 2019): 863–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-06-2019-0097.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on a systematic review that examined police social work and social service collaboration strategies implemented to address social problems. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review was conducted to identify the components of police social work and social service collaboration strategies. A total of 11 databases were searched. The inclusion criteria centered on the social problem, focus population, service providers, collaboration components and geographic location. Any methodological approach was included provided that a collaboration between police and social service providers focused on addressing a social problem was implemented and described. Findings The database searches identified 3,065 hits. After first eliminating duplicate titles, then reviewing and eliminating titles and abstracts that did not met the inclusion criteria, 119 full-text studies were reviewed. Among the 81 studies included in the systematic review, 83 implemented collaborations were found. The most collaborations were implemented in the USA, whereas only one implemented collaboration was found among the majority of the countries. Interpersonal violence was the most frequent social problem addressed by the collaborations followed by mental illness, crime, juvenile delinquency, and alcohol and substance use and abuse. Interventions were predominantly delivered by social workers who provided referrals and collaboration with social service agencies that assisted adults. Practical implications Given that police officers are first responders to a wide range of social problems, investigating and disseminating information about the characteristics of police social service collaboration strategies is an important endeavor. Whereas investigating the effectiveness of collaborations was not the aim of this review, several practical implications can be derived from the findings. These findings show the types of social problems, partners and tasks that comprise the collaborations. The present findings suggest that law enforcement agencies do not have accessible name brand social work and social service collaboration models that can be replicated. The majority of the collaborations found appear to be unique models implemented between law enforcement and social service agencies. More outcome studies are needed that investigate whether the social problem has improved among citizens that received services from the collaboration. Originality/value This paper is the first systematic review focused on police social work and social service collaboration strategies implemented to address social problems.
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Muema, Florence Mueni. "Assessment and Treatment Programs for addressing the Mental Health Needs of Justice Involved Children in Nairobi County, Kenya." Eastern African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (May 12, 2023): xx. http://dx.doi.org/10.58721/eajhss.v2i1.206.
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Mental health screening, assessment and subsequent treatment is increasingly becoming necessary and fundamental in juvenile justice settings. Recent systematic reviews have reported an increase in the population of children with mental disorders (Beandry et al., 2021). Conversely, many children pass through the justice system without being assessed and end up being subjected to treatment interventions that do not match their mental health needs (Snehil & Sagar, 2020). The aim of this study was to explore the landscape of assessment and treatment of justice involved children with a focus on available tools and procedures for screening and assessment and to find out if there existed any evidence- based programs for addressing the mental health needs of children. This was a mixed methods study involving 193 child justice practitioners in Nairobi County sampled from courts, police, prosecution probation, prisons and children services. The study found that only one risk/need assessment tool (YLS/CMI) was being used by probation and children services and only with children committed to statutory institutions. Counseling and some forms of cognitive behavioral therapy were the only mental health interventions. Respondents cited various barriers to assessment and treatment and these included; lack of training, feeling incompetent, language barriers, high caseloads, non-prioritization of child clients, and limited resources. The findings of this study can be used by all agencies and child justice policy-making bodies to streamline assessment and treatment so as to ensure access to justice and mental health service for children.
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McMahon-Howard, Jennifer. "Youth Involved in Prostitution (YIP)." Criminal Justice Review 42, no. 2 (May 17, 2017): 119–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016817702194.
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Since the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act (TVPA) legally defined anyone under the age of 18 who is induced to engage in a commercial sex act as a sex trafficking victim, there has been a shift in the conceptualization of youth involved in prostitution (YIP). While YIP were historically viewed and treated as juvenile delinquents, this shift has called for the processing and treatment of YIP as victims in need of services. Despite these changes, the results of the present study suggest that there have been little changes in the interactions that YIP have with police and social service agencies. Also, similar to the participants who were involved in prostitution as minors before the adoption of the TVPA, those who were involved in prostitution as minors after the TVPA strongly reject the victim label.
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Zelenskyi, Ye S. "The role of the National Police in ensuring the rights of the child during the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 2 (May 11, 2024): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.02.76.
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The scientific article is devoted to determining the role of the National Police in ensuring the rights of the child during the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine. The work analyzes and summarizes the existing practice of ensuring children's rights by units of the National Police. The key role of the state in ensuring the rights of the child during martial law is noted. It was emphasized that it is the bodies of juvenile prevention in the conditions of the armed conflict in Ukraine that ensure the basic rights of children and ensure that illegal actions are committed against them, in situations that are mostly atypical in peacetime, and also make efforts to prevent the increase in the number of children in Ukraine, available to deviant behavior. The author singles out the areas of activity of the National Police in ensuring the safety of children in the conditions of martial law: organizing the evacuation of children from occupied, front-line and other territories of Ukraine; forced evacuation of children from territories that are zones of active hostilities; assistance in arranging living conditions for families with children; organization of humanitarian assistance to families with children; preventive work with internally displaced persons whose families have children; providing assistance to children who suffered as a result of the armed conflict, bringing the guilty parties to justice; providing assistance to children who lost their families as a result of the armed conflict; search for missing children; carrying out proceedings on administrative offenses in cases of bullying on the basis of internal displacement of children; application of measures to combat domestic violence against children in families affected by the armed conflict; participation in the implementation of measures for the return of illegally deported children by the Russian Federation from the territory of Ukraine; educational, educational and patriotic work with children. A conclusion was made about the importance of the activities of the National Police units in ensuring the rights of the child during the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine. The interaction of the police with social services and public organizations for the effective protection of children's rights is emphasized.
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ISHCHENKO, I. V. "STUDY OF THE PLACE OF THE NATIONAL POLICE UNITS IN THE SYSTEM OF BODIES AND SERVICES FOR CHILDREN REGARDING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF JUVENILE PREVENTION." Law and Society, no. 4 (2022): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32842/2078-3736/2022.4.44.
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Bazemore, Gordon, and Scott Senjo. "Police encounters with juveniles revisited." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 20, no. 1 (March 1997): 60–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639519710162015.
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Lynn Skaggs, Sherry, and Ivan Y. Sun. "Policing juveniles in rural communities." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 40, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 244–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-03-2016-0030.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore factors that shape police behavior in juvenile interactions occurring in rural communities. Design/methodology/approach Using data collected in rural Kentucky through a factorial survey instrument, this study assessed the effects of situational, officer, organizational and community variables on officers’ authoritative and supportive behavior toward juveniles. Findings Officer background characteristics, such as race, sex, education, and having children, and occupational attitudes, such as rehabilitation and dispositional beliefs, were significantly related to both authoritative and supportive behavior. While organizational variables affected officer supportive actions, they were weakly linked to authoritative behavior. Neighborhood social disorganization was ineffective in predicting both types of police behavior. Originality/value Although a considerable amount of research has been conducted in the past several decades to examine police behavior, a relatively small number of studies have empirically assessed factors that shape police behavior toward juveniles with an even smaller number assessing juvenile interactions in rural communities. This research provides a comprehensive theoretical explanation of police-juvenile encounters in rural communities which will allow for a more complete understanding of the factors that account for police attitudes and behavior in these interactions.
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Kperegbeyi, J. I., R. Nwadiolu, A. C. A. Ewododhe, O. S. Onwumere-Idolor, D. O. Adaigho, P. S. Ajiri, and W. Nwankwo. "Changes in Body Weight and Morphometric During Varying Growth Phases of Freshwater Tortoise (Geochelone Nigra) in Intensive Management Practices." AFRICAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH 10, no. 1 (June 22, 2024): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26437/ajar.v10i1.671.
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Purpose: In the Agriculture industry, tortoises may not have a great commercial value compared with chicken and hoofed mammals; nevertheless, they have a substantial economic value for food, medicine, and ecological services. The empirical work was conducted at the Departmental Research Center (DRC), to investigate the impact of growth phases on body weight (BW) and morphometrics of different age groups. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: Eighty freshwater tortoises of 4 age groups (20 hatchlings, 20 juveniles, 20 sub-adults and 20 adults) were obtained from the Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife in Nigeria. A deep litter housing system was used for the present study. Tortoises were fed with cooked meat, concentrate, fermented cassava, and palm fruits. Findings: The mean BW ranged from 41.00g - 848.00g. The result revealed that the mean BW of the tortoise value (503g). The Coefficient of Variance (CV) of morphometrics ranged from 9.73% - 15.63%. The straight carapace length (SCL) had a higher CV value (15.63%), followed by plastron length (PL) (12.90%) and least value (9.73%) for carapace width (CW). There was huge difference in all the morphometric except SCL and CW for sub-adult and adults’ tortoises. The result revealed that SCL, CW, PL and plastron width (PW) had distinct differences from BW. The correlation coefficient of BW and morphometric of juvenile growth phase (JGP) and sub-adult phase (SAGP) ranged from (0.326 – 0.964) and (0.275 – 0.953) respectively. Research Limitation/Implications: This research focused on the availability and sustainability of freshwater tortoises in Nigeria. Practical Implication: This paper has potential implications for understanding the management and improvement of the freshwater tortoise in Nigeria. Social Implication: This study will enhance the availability and development of freshwater tortoise for policy-makers in addressing sustainable food security through social, economic and environmental stability for the present and future generations. Originality/Value: This study is based on the data collected on body weight and morphometric traits during growth phases.
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Leiber, Michael J., Mahesh K. Nalla, and Margaret Farnworth. "Explaining juveniles' attitudes toward the police." Justice Quarterly 15, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418829800093671.
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Ra, Kwang Hyun, and YeonSoo Kim. "Racialized perceptions of the police." Policing: An International Journal 42, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-11-2017-0144.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine differences in latent structures/dimensions in public perceptions of the police by race/ethnicity and level of identification with a given race/ethnic group.Design/methodology/approachTo identify differences in dimensions of juveniles’ perceptions of the police by the sub-samples, factor analyses were conducted utilizing data from the Gang Resistance Education and Training program evaluation.FindingsThe results show that minority juveniles have a relatively fragmented dimensional structure for the construct of perceptions of the police, while white juveniles have a unidimensional structure. Furthermore, moderate within-group differences in structures were found among African–American juveniles.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of the current study call for further examination of racial invariant assumptions in criminology. Since individual dimensions constituting perceptions of the police vary by race/ethnicity, those dimensions may potentially have unique associations with endogenous variables (e.g. criminality and cooperation with the police) according to individuals’ racial/ethnic membership.Practical implicationsPolice should clearly understand individuals’ dimensions constituting perceptions of the police and should identify dimensions that greatly impact precursors to compliance and cooperation with police such as perceived police legitimacy or perceived risk of sanction.Originality/valueIndividuals’ dimensions constituting perceptions of the police have significant implications on the construction of measures and their associations with other variables; however, racial differences in these dimensions have not been explored since Sullivanet al.’s (1987) research about three decades ago. In addition, the current study examined within-race differences in the dimensions constituting perceptions of the police.
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Ruddell, Rick, and G. Larry Mays. "Examining the Arsenal of Juvenile Gunslingers: Trends and Policy Implications." Crime & Delinquency 49, no. 2 (April 2003): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128702251056.
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Using the National Institute of Justice body armor threat-level scale, this study classified 1,055 firearms confiscated by police officers from juveniles in St. Louis, Missouri, from 1992 to 1999. The authors found that for this city, the lethal capacity of juveniles’ firearms has remained relatively constant over time. Examination of the different types of firearms recovered also found that the sophistication of firearms used by juveniles did not increase throughout the 1990s. By disaggregating firearm types, the authors were able to demonstrate that the police are likely to confiscate relatively unsophisticated firearms from juveniles, such as Saturday night specials, .22 caliber and nonpowder weapons. In St. Louis, juveniles were very unlikely to have an assault weapon confiscated. More troubling, however, were the relatively high numbers of illegally sawed-off rifles and shotguns recovered from youths.
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Hurst, Yolander G., James Frank, and Sandra Lee Browning. "The attitudes of juveniles toward the police." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 23, no. 1 (March 2000): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639510010314607.
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Gardiner, Greg. "The Police and Indigenous Juveniles in Victoria." Alternative Law Journal 26, no. 5 (October 2001): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x0102600507.
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Finkelhor, David, and Janis Wolak. "Reporting Assaults Against Juveniles to the Police." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 18, no. 2 (February 2003): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260502238730.
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BELKNAP, JOANNE, MERRY MORASH, and ROBERT TROJANOWICZ. "Implementing a Community Policing Model for Work with Juveniles." Criminal Justice and Behavior 14, no. 2 (June 1987): 211–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854887014002006.
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Based on extensive, structured interviews with 59 police officers, an effort was made to explain police behavior and to analyze issues relevant to the conceptualization and implementation of a community policing model. Theories of role identity were used to determine officers' ideal, actual, and behavioral identities in interactions with teenagers, complainants, and supervisors when dealing with a case of “rowdy teens.” A purposive sample was drawn representing foot and motor patrol, as well as race (black and white) and gender. The findings support the implementation of the community police model as was intended by the staff, and suggests the validity of the foot patrol concept. The results did not find gender, race, education, and years on the force predictive of police identity orientation or behavior. However, differences between foot and motor patrol in terms of role identity orientation and behavior were found. The research also suggests the importance of role identity orientation as a useful concept in explaining police behavior, and the discussion pinpoints areas and methods that would be fruitful in future research.
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MEEHAN, ALBERT J. "INTERNAL POLICE RECORDS AND THE CONTROL OF JUVENILES." British Journal of Criminology 33, no. 4 (1993): 504–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048356.
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Alberts, Jennifer. "Interrogation of Juveniles." New Criminal Law Review 19, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2016.19.1.109.
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It is common for juveniles’ rights to be limited and placed in the hands of others, such as their parents. This is because of the immaturity and relative incompetence of minors, compared to adults. However, in the context of the justice system, parents, in particular, may not be the best defenders of juvenile rights. This article draws on social science research to argue that, due to conflicts of interest, lack of knowledge, and poor relationships with their delinquent children, parents of juvenile delinquents are poor protectors of their children’s rights in the context of police interviews and interrogations. Other protections should instead be provided, such as requiring age to weigh heavily in favor of the juvenile when determining whether an interview is a custodial interrogation, and requiring the presence of an attorney at interrogations of juveniles.
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Watkins, Adam M., and Michael O. Maume. "Rethinking the study of juveniles’ attitudes toward the police." Criminal Justice Studies 25, no. 3 (July 10, 2012): 279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478601x.2012.705537.
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Marzuki, Marzuki. "STUDY OF ANALYSIS OF CHILD VICTIMS OF CRIME PROTECTION IN A VICTIMOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE." JURNAL RECTUM: Tinjauan Yuridis Penanganan Tindak Pidana 5, no. 1 (February 8, 2023): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.46930/jurnalrectum.v5i1.2831.
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This research aims to improve the protection of children of crime victims, which often occurs when the provision of services to children who are temporary or permanent victims of psychological, physical and social suffering is neglected. It is a study to analyze from the viewpoint of victimology.The specification or type of research in this research is descriptive in nature and uses prescriptive legal research methods through several approaches.The statutory regulatory approach (statutory approach) and the conceptual approach (conceptual approach).Investigations have shown that various laws have been adopted as legal policies to implement the constitutional provisions of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, including Presidential Decree No. 36 of 1990 on ratification, in order to protect children in conflict with the law. It is shown that the regime has emerged. Convention on the Rights of the Child (Convention on the Rights of the Child), Law No. 4 of 1979 on Child Welfare, Law No. 8 of 1981 on Criminal Procedure Code, Law No. 39 of 1997 on Juvenile Courts, Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, Law No. 23 of 2014 on Amending Law No. 23 of 2002 on Child Protection and Law No. 35 of 2014 on Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law No. 11 Including children in conflict with the law to provide legal protection as both perpetrators and victims. In light of these various legal systems, the police, prosecutors, and judges in the law enforcement agency (prosecutor's office) always strive to provide children with the best progressive laws for children in line with the concept of juvenile justice for children. It must be the embodiment of teaching, nurturing and protection of Prioritize the application of restorative justice and diversion to ensure that victims' rights are not ignored, and protect child victims of crime from a victimological perspective.In summary, the legal protection of children of crime victims in Indonesia entitles them to various rights, including: B. Losses such as the right to compensation, the right to treatment, the right to be intimidated by the perpetrator, the right to counseling and rehabilitation, especially the perpetrator's inability to pay compensation to the victim due to the existence of the Victim Compensation Office. case .
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Wang, Xinting, Jihong (Solomon) Zhao, and Hongwei Zhang. "The Impact of Two Different Cultures on Juvenile Attitudes Toward the Police in China." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 64, no. 1 (September 3, 2019): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x19872971.
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This study examines juvenile attitudes toward the police (JATP) from an unconventional angle by examining the possible effect of two different cultures along with more conventional factors typically associated with youth attitude formation. A unique feature of this study is the inclusion of measures of attachment to both the traditional Chinese culture and Western popular culture. The data were collected from 30 minority middle schools with more than 6,500 students in a southern autonomous region in China in 2014. The primary findings indicate that juveniles who are more firmly attached to the traditional Chinese culture and who show respect for parents/teachers tend to hold a more positive view of the police. In contrast, juveniles who endorse Western popular culture and are perceived as a fan of that culture are more likely to hold a negative view of the police, societal actors who are viewed as primary representatives of the mainstream culture.
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Nelson, Rebecca J., and Gina M. Vincent. "Matching Services to Criminogenic Needs Following Comprehensive Risk Assessment Implementation in Juvenile Probation." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 8 (June 27, 2018): 1136–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818780923.
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One emphasis of juvenile justice reform has been implementation of risk assessment instruments to improve case planning. This study examined the ability of juvenile probation departments to apply the risk-needs-responsivity (RNR) framework into case planning following a comprehensive implementation protocol. Data were collected on 385 adolescent offenders across three probation departments following implementation of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk for Youth (SAVRY) and an RNR-related case planning policy. As expected, as risk levels of youth increased, probation departments assigned more services and addressed more criminogenic need areas in their case plans. Most case plans (86%) adhered to the policy to limit the number of needs addressed at one time. The quality of service-to-need matching varied by criminogenic need area, risk level, and site. Implications to juvenile courts’ and probation officers’ case planning and the challenges of research on service-to-need matching are discussed.
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Kiche, Justus Odongo. "Ascertaining the Influence of Government Dynamics on Juvenile Criminality in Nakuru Sub-County, Kenya." East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajass.2.1.128.
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The issue of juveniles engaging in criminality is rampant and it is considered as one of the problems and concerns in Nakuru County Kenya. The study focused on ascertaining the influence of government dynamics on juvenile criminality in the Nakuru sub-county, Kenya. The target population was 144 individuals that included 73 police officers from Bondeni police station, 35 juveniles drawn from children remand home, 35 parents/guardians of the said juveniles, and one chief from Bondeni location. The researcher selected a sample size of 102 respondents composed of 62 police officers, 32 juveniles, seven parents/guardians, and one chief. The researcher used a questionnaire and an interview schedule to collect data. The validity of this study was achieved through a thorough consultation with the supervisors and other specialists. Reliability was used to focus on the degree to which empirical indicators are stable and consistent. A Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was used to measure the reliability of the research instruments. An alpha coefficient value of 0.7 suggested the instrument is reliable. The study adopted the mixed research methodology and the concurrent triangulation design. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, while qualitative data was analysed thematically. The study found out that there was a positive association between all the measures of government dynamics and juvenile criminality in Nakuru sub-county. The government dynamics that I focused on included: Government policy, Government support, and Government partnership with other stakeholders. The study concluded that there was an influence of government dynamics and juvenile criminality in Nakuru sub-county, Kenya. The study recommends that the government should make efforts to encourage positive partnerships with other stakeholders in order to reduce juvenile criminality. Therefore, there is a need for the juvenile department to improve its policies and expected performance in regard to juvenile criminality.
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Herz, Denise C. "Improving Police Encounters with Juveniles: Does Training Make a Difference?" Justice Research and Policy 3, no. 2 (December 2001): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3818/jrp.3.2.2001.57.
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Brown, Robert A., Kenneth J. Novak, and James Frank. "Identifying variation in police officer behavior between juveniles and adults." Journal of Criminal Justice 37, no. 2 (March 2009): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2009.02.004.
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Zainuddin, Zainuddin, and Azwad Rachmat Hambali. "Implementation of Diversion for Children in Conflict with the Law by the National Police of Indonesia." European Journal of Law and Political Science 2, no. 6 (November 20, 2023): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejpolitics.2023.2.6.112.
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This research explores the execution of diversion for juveniles in conflict with the law by the Indonesian National Police. Analyzing and evaluating the Indonesian justice system’s regulation of the safeguarding of children who are in conflict with the law and diversion as an aspect of safeguarding children constitutes normative research. Statutory and conceptual approaches are utilized throughout the investigation. Restorative justice is a component of the police’s strategy to combat crime on the ground, according to the findings of this study. The fundamental concept of diversion in juvenile restorative justice is the transfer of cases involving juveniles from the criminal justice process to an impartial process outside of the judicial system, with an emphasis on restoring the original situation as opposed to punishment. Consequently, the application of diversion in restoration justice in the system for juvenile offenders is less effective in the police.
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Oduor, Alfonce James, and Vivian Moraa Nyaata. "To uncover instances of abuse of juveniles in the juvenile justice system." Journal of Law and Jurisprudence (JLJ) 1, no. 1 (November 7, 2022): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/jlj.v1i1.306.
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This study explores instances of abuse of juveniles in the juvenile justice system. Children in conflict with the law are protected under various legislations both domestically, regionally and internationally which provides for their rights within the administration of justice. However, Kenya’s legal framework has not adequately protected juveniles who come into contact with the law as is a requirement. The research has been made on the assumptions that there are gaps in juvenile laws. There are also specific instances of juvenile abuse within the juvenile justice system. The study was based on desktop research method where both primary and secondary sources of information have been utilised. The study revealed that children in conflict with the Law faces a number of human rights abuses and violations at various stages once they come into contact with the law and this is counterproductive to the international requirements, objectives and standards of an efficient. The study recommends that there should be a special police unit, trained on how to deal with children in conflict with the Law to reduce cases of police brutality and violence against juveniles. The study also recommends that further research should be done on the topic.
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Jørgensen, Kasper, Emilie Thage, and Annette Olesen. "Når børn og unge pålægges sagsomkostninger i straffesager." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 110, no. 3 (October 30, 2023): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v110i3.141472.
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AbstractIn Denmark, juveniles (aged 15-17) – like adults – are required to repay the Treasury for necessary expenses incurred in the processing of their criminal cases. However, data from the Danish National Police and the Danish Debt Collection Agency indicate that juveniles often lack the means to repay these debts and are therefore indebted as they enter adulthood. This article examines the psychological impact of debt on juveniles deprived of their liberty and the impact debt has on their ability to establish a ‘normal’ adult life. Linking the concept of ‘emerging adulthood’ to the literature on ‘debt as a risk factor’ provides a theoretical basis for the analysis and for the discussion of human rights. The article argues that neglecting the distinctive vulnerabilities of juveniles in the assessment of legal costs may obstruct their rehabilitation and violate their human rights.
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Wananda, Adhi, and Puspitasari Puspitasari. "Organizational Environment, Organizational Change, And Polri Services." Management Technology and Security International Journal 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47490/mtsij.v1.i2.153164.
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A changing and developing environment , indeed, affects the organizational development of Indonesian National Police , called Polri in Bahasa . These environmental changes will affect the management of Indonesian National Police organization. The e xternal environmental factors that most influence organizational activities of Indonesian National Police consist of micro external environmental factors , including the personnel of Indonesian National Police and the public, as well as the macro external e nvironmental factors covering political and legal conditions in Indonesia. Organizational changes in Indonesian National Police institution have massively occurred since Indonesian National Police Reformation in 1999 - 2000 and due to the Bureaucratic Reform s launched by the government in 2010. The most prominent change from Indonesian National Police Reform is the organizational culture of Indonesian National Police , from previously having a military culture to fully become a police organization which protec ts and serves the community. Meanwhile, the changes due to the b ureaucratic r eform are implemented from the realization of programs and activities designed to improve the performance and the effectiveness and efficiency of Indonesian National Police ’s duties . By realizing and conducting these programs and activities, the level of public satisfaction with the services provided by Indonesian National Police has increased . This also shows an increase in the context of the image of Indonesian National Polic e in the eyes of the people . Keywords : organizational environment , organizational change , police services , police reform , bureaucratic reform
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Galloway, Robert A. "Quality Management in Police Services." TQM Magazine 6, no. 6 (December 1994): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09544789410073577.
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FIXLER, PHILIP E., and ROBERT W. POOLE. "Can Police Services Be Privatized?" ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 498, no. 1 (July 1988): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716288498001012.
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Wolcott, David. "Juvenile Justice before Juvenile Court." Social Science History 27, no. 1 (2003): 109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012487.
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Progressive Era campaigns to establish juvenile courts maintained that police and criminal courts failed to distinguish between children and adults. They suggested that law enforcement agencies either sentenced juveniles as if they were adults, imposing excessive punishments, or let kids go, failing to discipline them and encouraging them to commit further crimes. However, this case study of juvenile arrests in turn-of-the-century Detroit indicates that, before the creation of juvenile court, criminal justice institutions had more complex interactions with delinquent youth than has been recognized previously. Boys typically were arrested for very different offenses than were adults, and the police and courts often segregated children and adolescents from the harshest elements of the criminal justice system. The police sought every opportunity to decide the outcome of juvenile arrests themselves, without a court hearing, particularly if boys had committed only status offenses such as truancy or if crime victims decided not to prosecute. When juveniles did appear in criminal courts, judges found ways to soften their experiences, rarely jailing younger boys and instead sentencing some to reform school for ostensible rehabilitation. After 1900, efforts to protect young offenders from criminal justice institutions expanded as specially assigned police officers increasingly sought to discipline delinquents prior to arrest and the courts introduced an unofficial form of probation. Rather than constituting a break from the past, the creation of Detroit’s juvenile court in 1907 mainly made official juvenile offenders’ growing separation from the criminal justice system.
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Flexon, Jamie L., Arthur J. Lurigio, and Richard G. Greenleaf. "Exploring the dimensions of trust in the police among Chicago juveniles." Journal of Criminal Justice 37, no. 2 (March 2009): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2009.02.006.
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White, Clair. "Treatment Services in the Juvenile Justice System: Examining the Use and Funding of Services by Youth on Probation." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 17, no. 1 (September 8, 2017): 62–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204017728997.
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Youth enter the juvenile justice system with a variety of service needs, particularly for mental health problems. Research has examined the extent to which youth have mental health disorders, primarily among detained youth, and factors associated with treatment referrals, but little research has examined youth on probation and the actual use of services. Using data obtained from the Maricopa County Juvenile Probation Department from July 2012 through August 2014 ( N = 3,779), the current study examines (1) the factors associated with receiving treatment services while on probation and (2) the factors associated with receiving treatment services through different funding streams. Findings reveal that only about 25% of the sample of youth on probation received treatment services, suggesting the underservicing of youth. Consistent with prior research, there were also racial and ethnic disparities concerning treatment use, with Blacks and Latinos less likely to receive services. Additionally, certain characteristics of youth and their background influenced the funding source for treatment services. Implications for policy and research are discussed in light of these findings.
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Giblin, Matthew J. "Using Police Officers to Enhance the Supervision of Juvenile Probationers: An Evaluation of the Anchorage CAN Program." Crime & Delinquency 48, no. 1 (January 2002): 116–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128702048001005.
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This study presents an evaluation of the Anchorage Coordinated Agency Network (CAN) program. The program combined the capacities of both the Anchorage Police Department and the Anchorage Office of Juvenile Probation to enhance the overall levels of supervision that juvenile probationers received. Consistent with research from intensive supervision literature, the CAN evaluation found that juveniles participating in the program were more likely to have new technical violations but no more likely to have new charges when comparedto juveniles on regular probation. These findings support intensive supervision probation literature suggesting that increased supervision and surveillance lead to increased levels of probation violations.
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Anderson, Valerie R., Brinn M. Walerych, Nordia A. Campbell, Ashlee R. Barnes, William S. Davidson, Christina A. Campbell, Eyitayo Onifade, and Jodi L. Petersen. "Gender-Responsive Intervention for Female Juvenile Offenders: A Quasi-Experimental Outcome Evaluation." Feminist Criminology 14, no. 1 (November 14, 2016): 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085116677749.
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The increasing proportion of girls in the juvenile justice system has prompted courts to develop gender-responsive services. The present study examined data from a mid-sized county juvenile court to examine the effects of a group home intervention for girls. The study compared group home participants ( n = 172) with girls who did not receive group home treatment ( n = 814) using propensity score matching (PSM). Girls who received group home treatment were significantly less likely to re-offend in the 2-year follow-up period. Policy and practice implications for gender-responsive services as well as future directions for research are discussed.
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RIVERS, JAMES E., and ROBERT S. ANWYL. "Juvenile Assessment Centers: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Potential." Prison Journal 80, no. 1 (March 2000): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885500080001006.
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Increases in recent years in both violent crime and substance use among United States youth necessitate the development of more efficient and clinically effective approaches to intervention with juvenile offenders. One such approach calls for development and implementation of Juvenile Assessment Centers (JACs) to centralize the screening of juveniles who have been placed in some form of police custody and better coordinate justice and human service system activities. This article presents a summary of data from interviews and surveys conducted at five JACs in three states. It discusses the findings in the context of an “ideal model” specifically designed to better address substance use among justice-involved juveniles.
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Vinod Kumar, T. K. "Differing services, rising expectations, and greater demands." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 37, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 170–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-08-2012-0080.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that impact assessment of police performance across the two types of policing methods, and explains the differing police public dynamics at the field level. Design/methodology/approach – This paper examines the varying police public dynamics in areas with and without community policing. For this purpose data were obtained from a survey conducted in the City of Calicut where the Janamaitri community policing program was implemented in some of the police stations. To obtain a contrasting perspective in areas without community policing, survey was also conducted in areas where community policing was not conducted. The method adopted in this study is to map people's perception of police performance and factors impacting it across the two areas and compare the same. The comparison is done by examining the OLS regression in the two areas with same independent and dependent variables, and explaining similarities and contrasts in trends. Findings – It concludes that while community policing has great advantages over conventional policing, it has the challenge of increasing expectation among the public and diminishing impact of certain factors that are relevant in conventional police service delivery mechanisms. Originality/value – There is one of the first studies comparing and analyzing the differing police public dynamics in areas with community policing and areas with conventional policing. It provides an insight into how public perception of police is formed in these differing environments.