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Academic literature on the topic 'Police Service'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Police Service"

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Cho, Sang-Hyun. "A Study on Public Service Commitment According to the Characteristics of Police Organizations." Korean Society of Private Security 21, no. 5 (December 30, 2022): 191–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.56603/jksps.2022.21.5.191.

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In the past, the police have changed from the role of crime and law enforcement to providing security services for the nation and the people, such as maintaining order and providing services, as well as the role of the police in the past. The most necessary factor in the role of the police is public service commitment. Therefore, this study attempted to empirically verify the factors that affect police commitment to public office according to the characteristics of police organizations. By reviewing previous domestic and foreign studies, the characteristics of police organizations that affect public service commitment were perceived organizational support, access to resources, learning organization, and red tape. As a result of the study, it was investigated that perceived support perception, learning organization, and red tape affect the police's commitment to public service. Therefore, depending on the characteristics of the police organization, the commitment of police officers to public service can be improved to a high level. Based on these research results, we would like to make policy suggestions that can improve the police's public service commitment.
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Motshegwa, Baakile. "Unionizing the Police Service: The Case of Botswana Police Service." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 3, no. 4 (October 24, 2013): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v3i4.4448.

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Police labour relations in Botswana have been on the spotlight in recent years in Botswana. Whilst government in their Labour Policies appreciates the need for collective arrangements by employees to bargain for their conditions of service, the same favour has not been extended to the Police. It is always an issue for investigation why the Police find themselves managed by their own special Acts that explicitly prohibit them from organizing themselves for collective bargaining. This paper analyses unionization with regards to the Botswana Police Service. Whereas unionization is internationally recognized, the Police in Botswana find themselves prohibited from such action. The Trade Unions and Employers’ Organisations Act, the Public Service Act and the Police Act are analysed in order to find harmony amongst these pieces of legislation. It also draws lessons from other Police Services in Southern Africa to get an international experience.
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Nassiuma, Bernard Kibeti, Humphrey Young Ogola, and David Mwangi Kung’u. "Facilitation and Service Delivery in the National Police Service in Nairobi County, Kenya." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.89.10804.

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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of facilitation on service delivery in the National Police Service (NPS), Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was anchored on the New Public Management Theory; it heralds the transformation of citizens into customers of public services who deserve feedback on police service delivery. Methodology: Pragmatic philosophical approach was used to support this study. The qualitative and quantitative methods of inquiry were used to generate evidence to support the evaluation. The target population for the study was 2100 police officers in Nairobi County from which a sample of 215 respondents was selected using simple random sampling techniques. While the members 105 of the public were purposely selected. Questionnaires and key informant interview guides were the main data collection tools used in the study. The qualitative data were thematically analyzed while the quantitative data were analyzed using frequency counts, means, standard deviation, multiple regression, chi-square tests, and Pearson and Spearman rank correlation. Findings: The majority of the respondents in the study were males aged between 26-35 years and over 60% of the respondents were of the opinion that police reforms had increased police mobility. Equally, the majority (64%) indicated that the infrastructure was poor, in addition to poor feedback mechanisms, which affected effective service delivery. Contribution to Theory Practice and Policy: The study points out the key factors which hinder effective service delivery in the Kenya Police service despite the implementation of police service reforms. Key Words: Facilitation, Service Delivery, Police Reforms, National Police Service
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Juwita*, Agnes. "Optimalisasi Sim Online Sebagai Strategi untuk Mewujudkan Pelayanan Prima pada Kantor Satpas Jember." Airlangga Development Journal 2, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/adj.v2i2.18072.

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Service reform in Indonesia has links with decentralization. The aim of implementing service reforms throughout Indonesia is to improve service quality so as to create public trust in the government. The problem of SIM services is one of the internal problems in terms of service to the community. Therefore, SIM services must be excellent in accordance with the standards of the technological era that is growing at this time. Seeing this development, the Chief of the Republic of Indonesia National Police (Kapolri) General Police M. Tito Karnavian launched a future program for the National Police which is called the Promoter program. Promoter main policy, focused on 3 (three) main substances, namely Improved Performance, Improved Culture and Media Management. SIM Services in the Administrative Unit of the SIM Administration (SATPAS) of the Jember Police Department itself, based on the pre-survey conducted by the service researchers in making and extending the SIM, were still inadequate or had not yet achieved excellent service, especially regarding Polri's human resources at Samsat Jember. hampered by a good understanding of e-policing policies. In connection with these problems, the Jember Police SIM Administration Unit (SATPAS) conducted an opinion poll (survey questionnaire) during January to April 2015. The online service system is a form of government policy based on Presidential Instruction (Inpres) No. 3 of 20043 about national policies and strategies for the development ofe-government. The basic reason for the emergence of online services is to eliminate the practice of brokering and to reduce criminal acts of corruption within the National Police. Then also to increase community satisfaction inthe realization to become administrative citizenship, which is related to the ownership of a Driving License (SIM). Seeing this reality, it becomes interesting to conduct research on the problem with the title “Optimalisasi SIM Online Sebagai Strategi untuk Mewujudkan Pelayanan Prima pada Kantor Satpas Jember ”.
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Clare, Joseph, Michael Townsley, Daniel J. Birks, and Len Garis. "Patterns of Police, Fire, and Ambulance Calls-for-Service: Scanning the Spatio-Temporal Intersection of Emergency Service Problems." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 13, no. 3 (June 22, 2017): 286–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pax038.

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Abstract Independent analysis of police, fire, and ambulance calls for service demonstrates common patterns in emergency service activity. Targeted, place-focused interventions have been demonstrated to prevent future problems for emergency services. This research builds on these findings to examine the spatial and temporal intersection of police, fire, and ambulance incidents to explore the potential utility of enhanced collaboration between emergency-first responders. Using police and fire data from Surrey, BC, Canada, from 2011 to 2013, spatial and temporal patterns of police-, fire-, and ambulance-related incidents were examined. Initial analyses demonstrate that 36% of the City’s area experienced 72% of incidents responded to over this 3-year study period. Focusing on this high-volume area, the spatial and temporal intersection of these incident types was explored. Spatially, lattices of varying cell sizes (250 m, 500 m, and 1,000 m) were placed over the study area. Temporally, incident volume was examined across the entire 3-year study period, and at yearly and monthly intervals. Incidents were placed within these spatial and temporal frameworks and visual inspection was utilized to assess the convergence of service demand. Regardless of the cell grid size, police, fire, and ambulance incidents were spatially and temporally concentrated, with the top 10% of cells accounting for approximately 50% of all incidents across all services. Furthermore, there was considerable spatio-temporal convergence in cells which account for the top decile of call volume for all incident types. A 2 × 2 typology is proposed to classify locations (in this case grid cells) based on (1) the frequency at which they generate high demand for services (sporadic versus persistent), and (2) the combination of agencies required to respond to high demand problems (single versus convergent). The spatial and temporal convergence of emergency service problems observed in this study suggests that an interagency approach to problem identification will enhance problem analysis processes. Working in conjunction with established problem-focused intervention strategies (such as problem-oriented policing), the volume-service typology provides a framework that can contribute to the development of appropriate problem-responses. This, we hope, will support emerging efforts to increase the extent to which emergency-first responder agencies collaborate to maximize efficiency and effectiveness, and reduce harm.
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Harianja, Marasi Kindly. "Analysis of Citizen's Charter Policy as A Strategy for Improving the Quality of Public Services in the Issuance of Driving License." Journal of Public Representative and Society Provision 3, no. 2 (July 24, 2023): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55885/jprsp.v3i2.262.

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The service of driving licenses (SIM) is one of the public services of various other public services owned by the National Police. The state gives full authority to the Police to provide these services as stipulated in Law no. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. The purpose of this study is to 1) analyze the issuance of SIMs at the Sorong Polres, 2) analyze the Citizen's Charter policy (service contract) as a strategy to improve the quality of public services in issuing SIMs at the Sorong Polres. This study uses a qualitative approach, using a case study research method. Data collection was carried out using interview techniques, observation and document review. This research was conducted in early September 2021 with a total of 15 respondents consisting of members of the Indonesian National Police and the public. The location of the research was carried out at the Sorong Police Station. From the results of the study it was concluded that the SIM issuance service at the Sorong Polres is still not optimally implemented for the community because the SIM issuance service at the Sorong Polres is still exclusive and elite capture, with a gap between service quality and cultural dimensions in the SIM issuance service at the Sorong Polres then a strategic policy formulation is needed to improve the quality of public services that are more excellent than the previous services. The advice given is to make fundamental improvements to the SIM issuance service at the Sorong Polres in order to improve the quality of service, build a good service culture, namely having dedication, integrity, discipline, honesty and trustworthiness in providing services to the community, using software that can be displayed directly on service room so that it can quickly find out what is the criticism and input from the community in service, on mobile SIM cars added to the product by issuing new SIMs, there is intense supervision from the Provos Polres Sorong to monitor service officers, and adopting a Citizen's Charter (service contract) compiled and designed between the Sorong Police and other stakeholders and the community.
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Partawijaya, Sigit, Bonaventura Ngarawula, and Dodot Sapto Adi. "Analysis of Community Satisfaction with the Integrated Police Service Center at the East Kutai Police." Interdiciplinary Journal and Hummanity (INJURITY) 2, no. 3 (March 20, 2023): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.58631/injurity.v2i3.47.

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Public services are activities carried out in the framework of fulfilling service needs in accordance with statutory regulations for every citizen and resident for administrative services provided by public service providers. Public service providers are any state administration institutions that can be in the form of corporations or independent institutions established under law for public service activities. This study aims to evaluate community satisfaction with the East Kutai Police Integrated Police Service Center and to determine the extent to which the implementation of job evaluation of officers at the East Kutai Police Integrated Service Center. The method used by the author in this study is qualitative analysis supported by quantitative data. Qualitative analysis in this study was conducted using interview techniques. It was concluded that the services provided by the East Kutai Police SPKT were very good, this can be seen from the results of the respondents' answers who said that officers provide Service: Smile, Greet, Greeting, when providing services, then the service system provided by officers is also according to standards. operating procedure (SOP) and not complicated, apart from that the service period provided is in accordance with applicable regulations, and officers have never asked for fees during the service process or there have been no illegal fees requested by officers, this is proven by the presence of CCTV installed in the SPKT service room, so that if there are complaints regarding illegal levies, the CCTV can be used as evidence, besides that the officers also receive criticism and suggestions, this can be seen from the existence of a suggestion box in the SPKT room
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Sakti, Fajar Tri, and Gamal Pribadi. "Evaluasi Kebijakan Standar Pelayanan Minimal Pelayanan Dasar Pemeliharaan Ketertiban Umum, Ketentraman Masyarakat dan Perlindungan Masyarakat di Provinsi DKI Jakarta." Jurnal Kelola : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial 1, no. 2 (December 12, 2018): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jk.v1i2.3779.

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This study aims to obtain an explanation of policy implementation and attainment minimum standards service in the field of domestic governance types of basic services maintenance of public order, public tranquility and the protection of society in DKI Jakarta Province by taking the respondents implementing the policy in the civil service police force of Jakarta and society. Problem faced by Jakarta Provincial Government in this case the police force agencies civil service especially on the two indicators that do not reach the target: a). Complaint can be made online via the website or send an email, causing an increasing number of reports on complaints regarding violations of local laws that do not followed, b). Theres no an optimalitation for the offenders of local regulations and a misdemeanor, due to the lack of municipal police investigators in the neighborhood of Jakarta that is not a deterrent effect for offenders, c). The existence of a residential area that use the services of private security, so that when the inventory of community protection officers, Civil Service Police Unit of Jakarta does not include the private security officer to the criteria of public protection officer.
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Ayieko, Emily Nyanchoka, and Esther Gitonga. "Police Reform Practices and Service Delivery in the Kenya Police Service at Machakos County Police Headquarters, Kenya." International Journal of Business Management, Entrepreneurship and Innovation 2, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/jbmed.v2i4.145.

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This study focused on Police Reforms Practices and Service Delivery in the Kenya Police Service at Machakos County Police Headquarters. Police reforms in Kenya as availed from literature indicate that the colonial government in 1950 made attempts on reforming the police force. The appointment of the National Task Force on Police Reforms arose mainly from the post-election violence in 2007-2008 where hundreds of Kenyans lost their lives, thousands of people were displaced and property destroyed. This is because the police officers used excessive force, they were not trained to handle the violence that erupted and they took political sides. In order to address these concerns, the study aimed at examining police reforms practices and service delivery at Machakos county headquarters. Service delivery is a component of business that defines the interaction between providers and clients. Good service delivery provides clients with an increase in value. A well-functioning public sector that delivers quality public services consistent with citizen preferences and that fosters private market-led growth. The specific objectives were to establish the effect of personnel reforms and service delivery, establish the effect of financial reforms on service delivery and to establish the effect of legal reforms and service delivery in the Kenya Police service at Machakos County Police Headquarters Kenya. The significance of the study is as it tackled and documented the effect of police reforms practices and service delivery. It highlights the effect of personnel reforms and service deliver, financial reforms and service delivery and the legal reforms and legal reforms and service deliver. The study was guided by the Resource Based Theory, Servqual theory and the New Public Management Model in analyzing the theoretical background. A descriptive survey research design was used. The study targeted a population of 110 senior police officers in the Kenya Police Service and adopted the census approach to obtain information from every member of the population. Primary data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire, while secondary data was collected through review of literature on police reforms. Pilot study was conducted to validate the questionnaire. Data collected was subjected to quantitative analysis and data was presented using tables, graphs and pie charts inferential statistics was used in the study including correlation and multiple regressions in order to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22 was used to aid the analysis of the data. The findings revealed that personnel reforms and service deliver, financial reforms and service delivery and legal reforms and service delivery influence service delivery in the Kenya Police Service to a great extent. The findings conclude that personnel reforms have a positive and significant influence on service delivery in the Kenya Police Service at Machakos County Police Headquarters in Kenya. The conclusion on financial reforms and Service delivery, legal reforms and service delivery and financial reforms and service delivery have a positive and significant influence on service delivery in the Kenya Police Service. The findings recommend that the Kenya Police Service at Machakos County Police Headquarters should implement the personnel reforms. The findings also recommend that the police service should give police access to improved salary, savings Sacco and increased allowances. The findings furthermore recommend that legal reforms be instated that will assist in conducting impartial investigations, inspections, audits and monitoring of the National Police Service to enhance professionalism and discipline of the Service.
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Heslin, Margaret, Lynne Callaghan, Barbara Barrett, Susan Lea, Susan Eick, John Morgan, Mark Bolt, et al. "Costs of the police service and mental healthcare pathways experienced by individuals with enduring mental health needs." British Journal of Psychiatry 210, no. 2 (February 2017): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.159129.

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BackgroundSubstantial policy, communication and operational gaps exist between mental health services and the police for individuals with enduring mental health needs.AimsTo map and cost pathways through mental health and police services, and to model the cost impact of implementing key policy recommendations.MethodWithin a case-linkage study, we estimated 1-year individual-level healthcare and policing costs. Using decision modelling, we then estimated the potential impact on costs of three recommended service enhancements: street triage, Mental Health Act assessments for all Section 136 detainees and outreach custody link workers.ResultsUnder current care, average 1-year mental health and police costs were £10 812 and £4552 per individual respectively (n = 55). The cost per police incident was £522. Models suggested that each service enhancement would alter per incident costs by between −8% and +6%.ConclusionsRecommended enhancements to care pathways only marginally increase individual-level costs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Police Service"

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Hulley, Susan (Susan D. ). Carleton University Dissertation Social Work. "Nepean police victim crisis services; contextual factors and service development." Ottawa, 1994.

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Barker, Kymberli Copeland. "Police Culture and Perceived Service Value: Officer Perspectives on Psychological Services Utilization." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7114.

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There is a noted discrepancy between police psychological services offered and services utilized. It is important to understand reasons for underutilization when creating services for officers. The purpose of this study was providing empirical evidence from the officers-perspectives to answer this question. The conceptual foundation was officers may refuse participation due to police culture. The conceptual framework was represented in research questions focused on officers- perspectives regarding psychological services provided by psychologists without law enforcement (LE) experience. The participants were employed law enforcement officers (LEOs) from regions across the United States. Officer participation from all 50 states was targeted to assist in ensuring demographic variability. Phenomenological methods were employed. Samples were gathered by contacting 2 police departments (PDs) per state, in arbitrarily chosen cities and rural areas. One questionnaire with pre-addressed, stamped envelopes was sent to each department indicating the research post office box. Data were analyzed by applying qualitative research data software, open coding, in-margin notetaking procedures, and individual recognition of themes. Ten to 25 participants were required and 10 were achieved. Two categories, 6 subcategories, 2 themes, and 3 subthemes emerged from the data analyses. Data analyses aligned with previous findings in 2 aspects and did not support others. Positive social change will be affected through identifying reasons for low service utilization. Agencies may begin restructuring program policies, developing more effective training, and other psychological protocols for LEOs and providers.
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Zethu, Nolitha Happiness Thando. "Investigating retention in the South African Police Service." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31333.

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Background In order for the South African Police Service to fulfil its mandate of creating a safe and secure environment, various human, financial, and technological resources are required. Hence, the availability of adequately trained human resources is considered critical in ensuring that the South African Police Service is able to fulfil its roles and responsibilities. Without the efforts, knowledge, capabilities, and committed behaviour of its police officers, the organisation would not be able to achieve its objectives and deliver on its mandated duties. However, recent data published by the South African Police Service revealed an increase in employee turnover, particularly at senior levels within the organisation and among highly skilled/specialist staff. Due to the stringent requirements of law-enforcement positions, the recruitment and selection of police officers is a lengthy, costly and often complex process. This is even more applicable to those in senior and highly skilled and/or specialist positions. It is, therefore, of paramount importance that an effective retention strategy is put in place to curb voluntary employee turnover and thus ensure the retention of scarce skills within the police force. Aim of the Study Being able to retain and engage police officers, a scarce resource, is vital for the South African Police Service in ensuring that it is able to fulfil its legislated mandate. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the push and pull factors and/or the reasons that are most commonly related to voluntary turnover among the employees of the organisation. Identification of these factors would make it possible to present recommendations and/or to propose strategies, policies and practices that could be implemented to increase the retention of skilled senior staff. Method A descriptive research design was utilised. To address the research question, copies of archived exit-interview questionnaires were obtained from the South African Police Service. When an employee tenders his/her resignation, an exit interview is conducted by a trained interviewer (typically a social worker, psychologist or chaplain). During this meeting, an exit-interview questionnaire is completed and archived. This questionnaire consists of both closed-ended and open-ended semi-structured questions. A sample of exit-interview questionnaires (n=91) that comprised questionnaires from employees who held the rank of Sergeant, Warrant Officer or Captain and who had voluntarily resigned from the Western Cape South African Police Service during the 2016/17 fiscal year was obtained. Both qualitative and quantitative data obtained from the exit-interview questionnaires were analysed. Findings The findings suggested that overall, the South African Police Service was considered a good employer. The most prevalent reason for employee turnover was found to be related to the perceived safety of individuals and the risk to employees’ lives in carrying out their duties. The reasons given for resigning from the organisation were divided into two categories, namely individual factors (i.e., related to the person) and organisational factors (i.e., related to the organisation). Individual factor variables provided by respondents as reasons to leave included health, relocation, further studies, family time, rest, long service, and age. Organisational factors included better career opportunities; business opportunities; unfair treatment; lack of recognition, promotion or advancement opportunities; undesirable working hours; and issues with leadership/management. Recommendations Based on the findings, it is recommended that an effective retention strategy is implemented within the South African Police Service that includes career development, health and wellness, reward and recognition, work-life balance, and leadership. This recommended retention strategy should value transparency and empowerment and should aim to create a workplace that is conducive to good working conditions through enhancing team cohesion; creating opportunities for learning; and improving service delivery, the quality of work life, and work-life balance.
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Siu, Ping-ming Thomas. "An analysis of recruitment and selection procedures for police constables in the Royal Hong Kong Police Force." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12316003.

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Larsen-Hafner, Donna Gail. "Marital satisfaction and the Calgary Police Service." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq24723.pdf.

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Gqada, Dumisani. "The South African Police Service organisational culture : the impact on service delivery." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50190.

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Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research study explores the impact of organisational culture with specific reference to the South African Police Service (SAPS) culture on service delivery. The two interrelated concepts "organisational culture and service delivery are discussed broadly in terms of their challenges for the contemporary policing function which put emphasis on the provision of police service and accounatbility to the broader community. The premise of the study is based on literature research evidence that organisational culture is an important factor to influence employee behaviour towards organisational effectiveness and also determine how they respond to its external environment. At the same time a strong organisational culture can be rigid and become a hindrance to change. Service delivery is a critical challenge to the government's ongoing efforts to ensure that its delivery process is efficient and responsive, particularly to the needs of the previously disadvantaged communities. In recent years, this challenge reinforced the government to embark on broad transformation mechanisms in order to position public institutions in an environment where service delivery meets the public needs and expectations. Some of these mechanisms include the promulgation of legislation, regulations and a series of policy frameworks notably, The White Paper on Reconstruction and Development (ROP), 1994, The White Paper on the Transformation of the Public Service of 1995, Public Service Regulation of 1999 etc. However, the provision of efficient service delivery in public institutions is usually constrained by various factors such as lack of capacity and shortage of competency skills, financial and technological resources as opposed to the private sector which normally have these resources in abundance. Since lack of sufficient financial resources will always be a challenge for public service delivery enhancement, this study suggests that public institutions can incorporate some private sector strategies in order to be innovative and improve efficiency. Apart from a lack of the above mentioned resources as contributing factor to inefficient service delivery, available theory on organisational culture state that it is an all encompassing factor that influences employee behaviour in public institutions. Chapter 3 provides a theoretical framework on the concept of organisational culture, its formation, and its sources, how it is sustained in the organisation. Various models and examples of organisational culture as found in small and big organisations such as those associated with government agencies are analysed and distinguish in terms of why the size of the organisation can determine its prevailing culture. Small organisations with flat structures are considered to be flexible, autonomous, innovative and responsive to customer needs. On the other hand the traditional bureaucratic organisations such as government agencies like police organisations tend to be characterised by highly formal hierarchical structure with too many layers, operational rules and regulations which are intended to enforce control measures. However, type of structures are criticised for rigid systems, autocratic, and slow. Models for changing organisational culture in order to increase its effectiveness are suggested. After a theoretical discussion on both the concepts organisational culture and service delivery, the SAPS was used as a case study to establish the applicability and the extent to which organisational culture impact on service delivery. The first stage consist of analytical perspective of the SAPS historical military culture since its inception in 1913 and giving critical accounts of its operational phases that it had undergone until the new dispensation. Since the early 1990s until after April 1994 elections, marked a new era in the SAPS which embarked on broad transformation initiatives in order to change policing function from that of a narrow law and order maintenance to a fully integrated community policing which makes police officers to be accountable to the broader community by rendering police service and problem solving within a human rights culture. However, police culture has been widely criticised as a source of resistance to change and reform, and is often misunderstood. The prevailing police culture which was inherited from the previous paramilitary legacy such as the autocratic leadership style, traditional bureaucratic structure, corruption, secrecy, mistrust are some of the dominant indicators which are identifiable and commonalities among the different police agencies. These dominant features cause any resistance to any change initiative and are perceived with negative image. After contextualising the description of the SAPS, the study describes the methods and procedures used to conduct an empirical research project in the form of a pilot study conducted in two police stations in Cape Town. Data collection methods include the following: 1) literature review, 2) open-ended one-an-one interviews with the station commissioners from the selected stations, 3) distributing survey questionnaires which consist of close ended questionnaires to junior officers at police stations to determine their attitudes towards the organisations they work in, and 4) by means of observation. Theoretical evidence proves that police culture which is characterised by paramilitary, bureaucracy, rigid systems and procedures, inflexible structure still prevail in the SAPS and contributes significantly to lack of coordination, slow response and results inefficient service delivery. It is concluded that police stations are the primary centres where the public gets first hand experience when reporting their cases or need the help of police officers to solve problems in the community. In order to provide efficient police service, units which provide interrelated functions need to be fully integrated under one unit commander in order to improve coordination and prompt response. Policing crime is still the primary function of the police and police officers need to be fully equipped with competency skills and other capacity building programs that are consistent with the contemporary policing function.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingstudie stelondersoek in na die impak van organisasiekultuur met spesifieke verwysing na die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens (SAPD) se kultuur op dienslewering. Die twee verwante konsepte "organisasiekultuur"en "dienslewering"word breedvoerig bespreek teen die agtergrond van die agtergrond van die uitdagings wat dit stel vir die hedendaagse polisieringsfunsie wat dit beklemtoon dat die polisie 'n diens moet lewer en aanspeeklik moet wees teenoor die breer gemeenskap. Die studie se aanname is gebasseer op literatuurnavorsing wat toon dat organisasiekultuur 'n faktor is wat werknemersgedrag beinvloed ten opsigte van organisasie-effektiwiteit asook hoe werknemers reageer teenoor die eksterne omgewing. 'n Sterk organisasiekultuur word beskou as 'n bindende faktor tussen werkers en die organisasie en dit skep kosekwentheid en rigting. 'n Sterk organisisasiekultuur kan terselfdetyd rigied wees en 'n struikelblok word in die weg van voorgestelde verandering aangesien verandering beskou kan word as inmenging in die normale gang van die organisasie. Hierteenoor het 'n meer buigsame kultuur die voordeel van aanpasbaarheid ten opsigte van verandering. Dienslewering is 'n volgehoue uitdaging vir die regering se se volgehoue pogings om te verseker dat sy leweringsproses effektief is en die behoeftes van spesifiek die voorheen benadeelde groepe aanspreek. Hierdie uitdaging het die regering genoop om transformasie-meganismes daar te stel ten einde openbare instellings in staat te stelom leweringsagente te word wat die behoeftes en uitkomste-verwagtinge van almal aanspreek. Van die meganismes sluit in die promulgering van wetgewing en beleid soos die Heropbou-en Ontwikkelingsprogram (HOP) Witskrif, 1994, die Transformasie van Openbare Dienste Witskrif, 1995, die Openbare Diens Reguleringswet van 1999 ensomeer. Die lewering van effektiewe dienste word gewoonlik beperk deur deur veskeie faktore soos 'n gebrek aan kapasiteit en vaardighede, asook finasiele en tegnologiese hulpbronne wat normaalweg tot die beskiking van die private sektor is. Gegewe dat 'n tekort aan finansiele hulpbronne altyd 'n uitdaging vir effektiewe openbare sektor dienslewering sal wees, stel hierdie studie voor dat openbare instellings sekere privaatsektor strategiee kan inkorporeer ten einde innovasie en effektiwiteit te verbeter. Behalwe bogenoemde beperkende faktore, stel beskikbare organisasiekultuur-teorie dit dat dit ook organisasiekultuur is wat openbare sektor amptenare se gedrag is wat die kwaliteit en vlak van dienslewering beinvloed. Hoofstuk drie bied 'n teoretiese raamwerk vir die konsep organisasiekultuur ten opsigte van hoe dit geskep en in stand gehou word binne organisasies. Verskeie modelle en voorbeelde van organisasiekultuur binne klein sowel as groor organissaies word ontleed en daar word gekyk na hoe die grootte van 'n organisasie organisasiekultuur beinvloed. Klein organisasies met 'n plat struktuur word beskou as buigsaam, outonoom, innoverend en daartoe in staat om die vebruiker se behoeftes aan te spreek. Daarteenoor word tradisionele burokratiese organisasies soos polisie-organisasies gekenmerk deur formele strukture met te veel vlakke, operasionele reels en regulasies ten einde volle beheer te he oor prosedures. Die rigiede stelsels, outokrasie, en stadiege leweringsproses van sulke strukture word dikwels gekritiseer. Modelle om organisasiekultuur te verander ten einde effektiwiteit te verbeter word voorgestel. Die teoretiese bespeking van die konsepte organisasiekultuur en dienslewering word gevolg deur 'n gevallestudie van die SAPD ten einde te bepaal die mate waartoe organisasiekultuur impakteer op dienslewering. Die eerste fase behels 'n analitiese perspektief van die SAPD se historiese militere kultuur sedert 1913 asook' n kritiese blik op operasionele fases waardeur die SAPD gegaan het tot en met die nuwe dispensasie. Die vroee 1990s tot net na die April 1994 verkiesing verteenwoordig' n nuwe era in die SAPD ten opsigte van transformasie inisiatiewe wat daarop gerig was om die polisieringsfunksie te verander van 'n agent wat eng gefokus was op die handhawing van wet en orde na 'n geintegreerde polisiediens wat aanspeeklik is teenoor die bree gemeenskap. Dit behels die lewering van 'n polisiediens sowel as probleem-oplossing binne die konteks van 'n menseregte-kultuur. Polisiekultuur word, as gevolg van misverstande, dikwels beskou as 'n bron weerstand teen verandering. Die heersende organisasiekultuur - wat 'n nalatenskap is van die vorige paramilitere styl byvoorbeeld outokratiese leierskapstyl, tradisionele burokratiese strukture, korrupsie, geheimhouding, wantroue - is van die dominante indikatore wat gemeenskaplike eienskappe is van die verskeie polisie-agentskappe. Hierdie dominante kenmerke veroorsaak weerstand teen enige veranderingsinisiatief en word as negatief beskou. Die beskrywing van die SAPD word gevolg deur' n uiteensetting van metodes en prosedures wat gebruik was tydens die empiriese navorsing wat gedoen was by twee polisiestasies in Kaapstad. Data insamelingsmetodes sluit in: 1) lieratuurnavorsing, 2) ope een-tot-een onderhoude met die stasiekomisarisse van die twee stasies, 3) die verspreiding van geslote vraelyste aan junior offisiere by polisiestasies ten einde hul houding te bepaal teenoor die organisaies waar hulle werk, en 4) observasies. Teoretiese bewyse toon dat die polisiekultuur wat normaalweg gekenmerk word deur paramilitere, buroktariese, rigiede stelsels en prosedures steeds bestaan binne die SAPD en dat dit bydra tot swak koordinasie, swak response en oneffektiewe dienslewering. Ten slotte word gemeld dat polisiedienssentra plekke is waar die publiek eerstehands kennis maak met dienslewering. Ten einde 'n effektiewe diens te lewer, behoort eenhede wat verwante diense lewer geintegreer te word onder die bevel van een bevelvoerder. Misdaadvoorkoming is steeds die primere funksie van die SAPD en beamptes moet toegerus word met die nodige bevoegdhede, vaardighede asook kapasiteitsbouprogramme wat in lyn is met die kontemporere polisieringsfunksie.
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Van, Vuuren Marietta Dorika. "An evaluation of the training of police trainees for the policing of unrest related incidents at the South African police services: Mthatha Police Training College." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1489.

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters (Criminology) in the Department of Criminal Justice, at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2014
South Africa is currently a country in crisis. A strike of around 1.3 million public-sector employees, which started on the 18 the August 2011, was and still is causing chaos in the country. Government institutions such as hospitals and schools are closed due to strikes (The Wall Street Journal. 2011). Due to the frustration of the communities because of lack of service deliveries most of these strikes and gatherings becomes violent and destructive. The researcher has identified a major gap with the current curriculum utilized for the basic training of trainees in the South African Police Service. The curriculum mostly consists of theoretical presentations, especially with regard to crowd management. There is no practical training presented on how to manage crowds, and there is no presentation of the equipment that can be utilized and how it can be used to handle crowd management and unrest related incidents. All police officials are ultimately responsible for maintaining law and order and therefore the researcher believes that it is extremely important that trainees should be introduced to crowd management and unrest incidents during basic training. This will enable them to have the necessary skills to handle unrest situation should they be faced with it at station levels. This will enhance service delivery for the whole SAPS, as all police officials will know how to manage crowds.
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Lee, Kwan Tat. "Training by objectives in a disciplined service (police)." Thesis, University of Macau, 1988. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636953.

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Wigfield, David John. "Perceptions of leader effectiveness in the police service." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366074.

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Martin, Denise. "Initiating change : best value in the police service." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2004. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13383/.

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Managerialist principles have been applied within public services for a number of years but their ability to alter or improve public service has been questioned. This study examined the introduction of Best Value in the police service. Best Value was introduced to Police Authorities by the New Labour Government in the Local Government Act 1999 to ensure that all services provided by these authorities were 'delivered to clear standards'. In addition, they must take into account the cost and quality of all services and provide them in the most efficient, effective and economic manner. All services are subject to review over a five year period and should be reviewed in connection with the fours C' s, competition, comparison, challenge and consultation in order to achieve continuous improvement. In addition, Best Value aimed to change the organisation of the police service by encouraging a greater role for the Police Authorities in deciding how services were delivered, supported the opening up of the police to partnership arrangements and promoted the need for local innovation and ways of working. The main aim of the research was to look at the effects of these 'Best Value' policies on the police service and whether the implementation of these policies led to improvements in service delivery and the restructuring of the organisation as intended. This was achieved by selecting three case study areas and employing a number of research methods including semi-structured interviews, using documentary analysis and examining quantitative data. The study found that despite initial differences in the way the Best Value was implemented a fairly uniform approach was adopted in the three Police Authorities. It established that Best Value was encouraging the police service to make changes to the way that services were delivered. In addition, there was some evidence that Best Value had encouraged greater involvement of Police Authorities in deciding how services were delivered. Under Best Value change tended to be gradual and incorporated both national and local objectives. This incremental nature of change meant that as yet there was little evidence of improvements in measured performance.
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Books on the topic "Police Service"

1

Stephens, Mike, and Saul Becker, eds. Police Force, Police Service. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23327-4.

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Service, CIPFA Statistical Information, and Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy., eds. Police service statistics. London: CIPFA, 2002.

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Albrecht, James F., and Garth den Heyer, eds. Enhancing Police Service Delivery. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61452-2.

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Smithers, Alan. Graduates in the police service. Manchester: School of Education, University of Manchester, 1990.

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Association, Ardoyne, ed. A Neighbourhood police service; Ardoyne. Belfast: Ardoyne Association, 1996.

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Police, Metropolitan. Metropolitan Police Service policing plan. [London]: Metropolitan Police, 1996.

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Service, Zambia Police. Zambia Police Service: Standing orders. 2nd ed. Lusaka: Govt. Printer, 2009.

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Tuohy, Alan. Risk in the police service. York: ESRC Risk & Human Behaviour Programme, 1995.

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Watt, Ian. Leadership in the police service. London: Barry Rose, 1989.

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Mike, Stephens, and Becker Saul, eds. Police force, police service: Care and control in Britain. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Police Service"

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Murphy, Peter, Laurence Ferry, and Russ Glennon. "Police." In Public Service Accountability, 91–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93384-9_5.

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Becker, Saul, and Mike Stephens. "Introduction: Force is Part of the Service." In Police Force, Police Service, 1–9. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23327-4_1.

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Fielding, Nigel G., and Sue Conroy. "Against the Grain: Co-operation in Child Sexual Abuse Investigations." In Police Force, Police Service, 191–211. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23327-4_10.

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Stephens, Mike, and Saul Becker. "The Matrix of Care and Control." In Police Force, Police Service, 213–30. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23327-4_11.

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Reiner, Robert. "The Dialectics of Dixon: The Changing Image of the TV Cop." In Police Force, Police Service, 11–32. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23327-4_2.

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Walker, Neil. "Care and Control in the Police Organisation." In Police Force, Police Service, 33–65. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23327-4_3.

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Holdaway, Simon. "Recruitment, Race and the Police Subculture." In Police Force, Police Service, 67–84. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23327-4_4.

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Oakley, Robin. "The Police and Black People: The Training Response." In Police Force, Police Service, 85–106. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23327-4_5.

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Bennett, Trevor. "Recent Developments in Community Policing." In Police Force, Police Service, 107–29. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23327-4_6.

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Edwards, Susan S. M. "Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault." In Police Force, Police Service, 131–50. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23327-4_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Police Service"

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Firoozy-Najafabadi, H., and S. Pashazadeh. "Mobile police service in mobile government." In 2011 5th International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technologies. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaict.2011.6110902.

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Susandari, Susandari, Makmuroh Sri Rahayu, and Ria Dewi Eryani. "Friendly Character of Civil Service Police (Descriptive Study on Civil Service Police in Bandung, West Java)." In Proceedings of the Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/sores-18.2019.44.

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Hangmin Zhou, Xinzhong Lu, and Jiaxiang Zhao. "Choose the traffic police service platform's location." In 2012 4th Electronic System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/estc.2012.6485606.

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Paul Brooks, J., David J. Edwards, Toni P. Sorrell, Sudharshana Srinivasan, and Robyn L. Diehl. "Simulating calls for service for an urban police department." In 2011 Winter Simulation Conference - (WSC 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2011.6147892.

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Aliprandi, C., L. Lotti, F. Neri, and G. Sanna. "Online Police Station, a cutting edge service against cybercrime." In DATA MINING 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/data080231.

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Lumingkewas, Lexi, Margareth Rantung, Evi Masengi, and Elvis Lumingkewas. "A Study of Police Service Behavior in Minahasa Regency." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Science 2019 (ICSS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icss-19.2019.108.

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Šebek, Vladimir. "THE ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY IN IDENTIFYING AND DETERMINING THE PRIORITIES OF POLICE WORK IN THE LOCAL COMMUNITY." In International scientific conference challenges and open issues of service law. Vol. 2. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of law, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xxmajsko2.459s.

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Information obtained by community is a valuable foundation of the community policing model. This model, at theoretical and rhetorical level, urges the creation of intelligence community generated information, which, according to intention of data collection, should be used to solve local problems and determine the priorities of policing in the local community. This kind of alleged service activities of the police in the local community is a prominent issue and requires a discussion about the role of the community in identifying and determining priorities, and how these are translated into operational decisions and deployment of police resources. Therefore, this paper explores the conceptual foundations of community policing as a key component of the modern police reform agenda, models for generating information in the community, the role of the community and the role of the police in the local community. It concludes with a critical discussion on the concept of practical generation and usage of community information in defining priorities. We conclude that defining the role of the community and the role of the police can significantly limit or improve the process of identification and determination of priorities, which in turn directly affects the possibilities of resource allocation as a form of police service in the local community.
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Jedinák, Petr, and Marek Čandík. "Důležitost stanovení vzdělávacích potřeb příslušníků Policie ČR." In Nové trendy profesijnej prípravy v Ozbrojených silách. Akadémia ozbrojených síl generála Milana Rastislava Štefánika, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52651/ntpp.b.2023.9788080406486.57-67.

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The quality and results of the service of members of the Police of the Czech Republic (hereinafter referred to as police officers) are directly dependent on their preparation for efficient, reliable, apolitical and impartial professional public service based on the principles of a democratic rule of law. The paper describes how, based on research, the current educational needs are determined within the framework of the training of police officers for the performance of the police profession implemented at the Police Academy of the Czech Republic in Prague.
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Nikač, Željko, and Vanda Božić. "PRAVNI I INSTITUCIONALNI OKVIR ZA RAD POLICIJE KAO USLUŽNOG SERVISA GRAĐANA." In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.667n.

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In modern society, the model of organization and the method of police work derive from the legal system of the state based on the development of parliamentarism, democracy and the rule of law. In developed countries of common and continental law, the dominant model of police organization and work is community policing, according to which the police and community are working together, and the police is the service of citizens. Serbia and the ex-YU member states have accepted the same model as part of the police reform. Model of police organization and method of work is in the function of performing the delegated tasks and duties, for the benefit of the community and citizens, with respect for and protection of human rights and civil liberties. The report presents the legal and institutional framework for the organization and work of the police, in the form of international and national legal sources, among which the Police Law of Republic of Serbia takes a central place. In the function of service provision, "tools" for police work - powers, measures and actions are highlighted. Finally, the initial proposals de lege ferenda for improving the legislative framework have been presented and the importance of the police as a citizen service in the context of European integration has been highlighted.
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Junaidi, Teguh. "Web-based public service information system at Padang Barat Police." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE TEGAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SCIENCES 2022: Applied Science Research Post-Covid-19 Pandemic. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0198909.

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Reports on the topic "Police Service"

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Crawford, Rowena, Richard Disney, and David Innes. Funding the English & Welsh police service: from boom to bust? Institute for Fiscal Studies, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2015.00179.

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Omondi Okwany, Clifford Collins. Territoriality as a Method for Understanding Armed Groups in Kenya and Strengthening Policy Responses. RESOLVE Network, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2023.1.lpbi.

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This policy note explores the characteristics of community-based armed groups (CBAGs) unique to the Kenyan context through a comparison of local CBAGs with other nonstate armed groups, particularly violent extremist organizations (VEOs). In doing so, it introduces the concept of territoriality—the degree to which government and security agents are able to monopolize political, social, and security control of spaces—and suggests that both CBAGs and VEOs are most likely to thrive in Kenya under conditions of semi-territoriality, where state authority sometimes shifts fluidly from strong to weak depending on capacity or interest. To combat the rise of VEOs it recommends community-oriented policing as a devolved security strategy, strengthening relations between civil society and the police through the Police Reforms Working Group Kenya (PRWGK), helping to monitor and evaluate the police service. Additionally, mapping CBAGs and VEOs through clan structures is a community-oriented strategy that helps strengthen territoriality and counter semi-territoriality.
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Eremina, I. I., D. M. Lyisanov, and O. YU Gerasimova. Smart digital parking assistant for official cars of a separate battalion of the patrol and guard service of the police of Naberezhnye Chelny. OFERNIO, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/ofernio.2022.24959.

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Doo, Johnny. The Use of eVTOL Aircraft for First Responder, Police, and Medical Transport Applications. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2023020.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Advancements in electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft have generated significant interest within and beyond the traditional aviation industry. One particularly promising application involves on-demand, rapid-response use cases to broaden first responders, police, and medical transport mission capabilities. With the dynamic and varying public service operations, eVTOL aircraft can offer potentially cost-effective aerial mobility components to the overall solution, including significant lifesaving benefits.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Multi-agent Collaborative Perception for Autonomous Driving: Unsettled Aspects</b> discusses the challenges need to be addressed before identified capabilities and benefits can be realized at scale: <ul class="list disc"><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Mission-specific eVTOL vehicle development </div></li><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Operator- and patient-specific accommodations</div></li><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Detect-and-avoid capabilities in complex and challenging operating environments</div></li><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Autonomous and artificial intelligence-enhanced mission capabilities</div></li><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Home-base charging systems for battery power platforms</div></li><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Simplified operator and support training</div></li><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph"> Vehicle/fleet maintenance and support</div></li><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Acceptance and participation from stakeholder services, local and state-level leadership, field operators, and support team members</div></li></ul></div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>
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Chan, K., R. Sahita, S. Hahn, and K. McCloghrie. Differentiated Services Quality of Service Policy Information Base. RFC Editor, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3317.

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Deal, Robert, Lisa Fong, Erin Phelps, Emily Weidner, Jonas Epstein, Tommie Herbert, Mary Snieckus, Nikola Smith, Tania Ellersick, and Greg Arthaud. Integrating ecosystem services into national Forest Service policy and operations. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-943.

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Deal, Robert, Lisa Fong, Erin Phelps, Emily Weidner, Jonas Epstein, Tommie Herbert, Mary Snieckus, Nikola Smith, Tania Ellersick, and Greg Arthaud. Integrating ecosystem services into national Forest Service policy and operations. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-943.

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Vaillancourt, François, and Michel Magnan. Le partage du financement des services de l’agglomération de Montréal en 2020: État des lieux, analyse et éléments de comparaison. CIRANO, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/cvub5177.

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Ce texte se divise en quatre parties. La première présente l’agglomération de Montréal, ses dépenses et ses mécanismes de financement. L’agglomération crée en 2006 couvre le territoire administratif de l’île de Montréal. Ce territoire englobe la Ville de Montréal (qui regroupe 88% de la population) et 15 municipalités de banlieue. En 2020, les principales dépenses de l’agglomération comprennent les services policiers (28%), le transport en commun (25%), le service d’incendie (16%) et le service d’eau (10%). Son financement se fait par quotes-parts. Ces dernières reflètent à plus de 90 % la répartition de la richesse foncière entre les municipalités membres. Les municipalités de banlieue s’exprimant par leur association jugent leur contribution au financement des dépenses d’agglomération trop élevée. La deuxième partie du rapport présente les grands principes pouvant être utilisés pour choisir le mode de financement des services publics. On y examine comment les services de l’agglomération génèrent plus ou moins d’externalités et correspondent plus ou moins à la notion de bien collectif. La troisième partie présente des exemples de formule de partage des coûts entre municipalités pour cinq services publics : police, incendie, transport en commun, matières résiduelles et eau. La dernière partie indique que l’insatisfaction des banlieues ne s’explique pas par une détérioration de leur situation à travers le temps. L’utilisation de la population dans le calcul des quotes-parts ne constitue pas une pratique plus équitable que les valeurs foncières, mais peut représenter un compromis advenant un nouveau partage de la charge fiscale entre les municipalités.
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9

Rubalcaba, Luis. Innovation and the New Service Economy in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006956.

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The service sector has become one of the most important economic activity in the world economy in both developed and developing economies. Services are crucial for further developing the Latin American and Caribbean countries, providing a strong economic dynamism and creating the source for job creation and welfare. Service innovation is incremental for ensuring strong and competitive growth of services in the region. Agriculture and manufacturing industries also need service innovation to become more competitive. Service innovation shows some particuliarities, distinctive from innovation in goods, such as the relatively less importance of R&D and patents. Service innovation policies are justified by a wide range of reasons, including the existence of market and systemic failures. A number of developed and developing countries have recently promoted service innovation policies, following various strategies. Both horizontal and vertical policies need to used, together with systemic policies to fully integrate services in the existing innovation policies. The case studies coordinated by the Inter-American Development Bank study on services and productivity in Latin American and the Caribbean suggest the need for understanding the peculiarities of different subsectors and countries to promote innovation, maximize its impact, and face a wide range of obstacles hampering innovation in services. The first policy priority would be to raise the awareness of the topic in the policy and business agendas.
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10

Brown II, Otis L. Universal National Service Policy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada449299.

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