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Journal articles on the topic 'Police responses'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Schuster, Edgar H., Rose-Mary Bartul, Heather Borden, Karl Smith, and Donna Prock. "Responses to "Grammar Police"." English Journal 85, no. 3 (March 1996): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/820093.

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2

Vallins, Nina. "Police responses to family violence: Recasting a duty of care." Alternative Law Journal 42, no. 1 (March 2017): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x17694781.

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This article explores the issue of police liability in negligence for failing to protect victims of crime. UK courts have held that police, in the course of investigation or suppression of a crime, do not have a duty of care to individuals. The law in Australia, however, is unsettled. The author discusses cases where police have failed to protect victims of family violence and finds that public policy reasons for granting police immunity from suit are unsatisfactory and unjust.
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3

Zacker, Joseph. "Rorschach Responses of Police Applicants." Psychological Reports 80, no. 2 (April 1997): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.2.523.

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Rorschach responses of 53 police applicants yielded information about their perceptual, cognitive, and ideational characteristics not obtained from personality inventories. Many applicants manifested personality characteristics, evident on the Rorschach only, that might reduce their ability to protect and serve the public. These findings add to the potential value of the Rorschach in selection of employees and argue against complacency about reliance upon personality inventories for screening out applicants.
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4

Jarvis, John P., Ashley Mancik, and Wendy C. Regoeczi. "Police Responses to Violent Crime." Criminal Justice Review 42, no. 1 (December 22, 2016): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016816684198.

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This work advances the relatively limited literature pertaining to police clearances of serious violent crimes by comparing and contrasting the correlates of homicide clearance with clearance of nonlethal violent crimes. Using 5 years of National Incident-Based Reporting System data from 2008 to 2012 and survival models, we analyze the impact of various victim and incident characteristics on time to clearance outcomes for four offense types: homicide, aggravated assault, robbery, and sexual assault. Examining longitudinal trends of clearance rates reveals important differences across violent crime types. Results of survival models also reveal substantial variation in the effects of victim and incident characteristics on time to clearance across types of violent crime. These findings indicate that results from previous studies on homicide case outcomes are not applicable to other types of violent crimes, and police efforts to solve violent crimes differ markedly. As such, the theoretical frameworks of mobilization of law and bounded rationality explanations for variation in police responses to violent crime may be more viable than found in previous studies. However, future research will need to consider these nuances to confirm if such dynamics extend to other forms of criminal behavior.
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5

Barlow, Charlotte, and Sandra Walklate. "Policing Intimate Partner Violence: The ‘Golden Thread’ of Discretion." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 14, no. 2 (January 19, 2018): 404–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pay001.

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Abstract This paper offers a critical appreciation of pro-arrest-positive policing policies towards intimate partner violence (IPV). It examines the extent to which such policies, and the research associated with them, have operated within a partial understanding of discretion, which has paid detailed attention to the response of the front-line officer and how that response might be changed either by improved training and/or by rule tightening. Such approaches assume that policing IPV is separate and separable from policing other forms of violence(s) and fail to recognize the wider context of the policing task. This paper makes the case for a more holistic understanding of discretion (to include senior officers) as a way of promoting improved responses to IPV. This also means directing attention to policies and practices in relation to IPV to include police engagement with broader agency and societal responses to IPV. This is the point at which a holistic ‘golden thread’ of discretion can be found.
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6

Maxson, Cheryl L., Margaret A. Little, and Malcolm W. Klein. "Police Response to Runaway and Missing Children: A Conceptual Framework for Research and Policy." Crime & Delinquency 34, no. 1 (January 1988): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128788034001005.

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This article presents a framework for understanding police responses to runaway and missing children. Its principal components are (a) the legal context, (b) departmental policies and organization, and (c) perceived youth types. Police responses are affected by police perceptions of runaway youth relative to police responsibilities, departmental structure and policy regarding juvenile operations, and statutory constraints. Community characteristics and dispositional resources also influence police perceptions of missing youth cases, and, consequently, responses to them. Several objectives for future research are offered. These must be undertaken with a conceptual understanding of the interrelationships between law, community, department, police values and experiences, and adolescent behavior.
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7

Morgan, Matthew. "Police Responses to Persons with Mental Illness: The Policy and Procedures Manual of One Australian Police Agency and ‘Procedural Justice Policy’." Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020042.

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Persons with mental illness (PWMI) often report negative perceptions of police treatment following receiving criminalising and heavy-handed police responses. To appropriately control officer discretion and to harness ethical, legal, and efficient police practice when encountering vulnerable and diverse individuals, police agencies across the world issue policy documents to their officers. These documents serve as a reflection regarding how police agencies aspire to manage PWMI in the community. Using a procedural justice framework, this research measures how a large police agency in Australia aspires to manage PWMI and whether the police policy document provides sufficient detail in advocating the appropriate and just police treatment of PWMI. A content analysis of the policy document revealed a lack of sufficient procedural guidelines in effectively controlling police officer discretion when encountering PWMI in the community. This article argues that without further consolidation to embed appropriate procedural guidelines into the policy document, the procedural policy gaps may have a negative effect on the experiences of PWMI when encountering the police.
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8

Lauritz, L. E., E. Astrom, C. Nyman, and M. Klingvall. "Police Students' Learning Preferences, Suitable Responses from the Learning Environment." Policing 7, no. 2 (March 26, 2012): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pas009.

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9

Berk, Richard A., and Lawrence W. Sherman. "Police Responses to Family Violence Incidents." Journal of the American Statistical Association 83, no. 401 (March 1988): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1988.10478566.

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10

Perske, Robert. "Misunderstood Responses in Police Interrogation Rooms." Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 48, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-48.1.75.

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11

Pogrebin, Mark R. "Police responses for mental health assistance." Psychiatric Quarterly 58, no. 1 (March 1986): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01064041.

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12

Gill, Aisha K., and Karen Harrison. "Police Responses to Intimate Partner Sexual Violence in South Asian Communities." Policing 10, no. 4 (July 28, 2016): 446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/paw027.

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13

Löbmann, Rebecca. "New Police Responses to Domestic Violence: The Go-Order in Germany." Swiss Journal of Psychology 65, no. 2 (June 2006): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.65.2.101.

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In recent years, several policy reforms have been instituted encouraging tougher criminal justice system responses to domestic violence. In Germany, go-orders were implemented: Police can insist on the abuser leaving the home for a couple of days. The present study discusses the rate of go-orders, influence factors on police decisions and problems with this intervention. Data sources were a police database of 7098 incidents of domestic violence and a questionnaire survey of 374 patrol officers in Lower Saxony. Findings revealed that the rate of go-orders (36%) was within the range of other German federal states. Factors indicating danger of repeated violence, e.g., intoxication of perpetrator, exerted an influence on police decisions for go-orders. Moreover, the presence of children and the offender’s gender had an influence. The paper concludes that prevention can still be improved with respect to danger prognosis and control of go-orders.
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14

Arsovska, J. "Decline, Change or Denial: Human Trafficking and EU Responses in the Balkan Triangle." Policing 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pan005.

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15

Paterson, C., and K. Clamp. "Innovating Responses to Managing Risk: Exploring the Potential of a Victim-Focused Policing Strategy." Policing 8, no. 1 (November 27, 2013): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pat028.

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16

Cragg, Sandra F. Miller, and Michael Rothery. "Police Officers' Responses to Assaults Against Women." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 10, no. 1 (April 1, 1991): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-1991-0006.

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The role of police officers in dealing with the problem of domestic assaults against women is critical, since the police are usually the first service providers involved in such situations. In the study reported in this paper, one sample of police officers was asked about how they view and react to spouse abuse: its causes, their role, what works, and what should be done differently. Since this research replicates an earlier study of three Iowa communities, a comparison of samples of officers from rather different contexts is included among the reported findings.
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17

Goodman-Delahunty, Jane, and Anna Corbo Crehan. "Enhancing Police Responses to Domestic Violence Incidents." Violence Against Women 22, no. 8 (November 13, 2015): 1007–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801215613854.

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18

Rich, Karen. "Trauma-Informed Police Responses to Rape Victims." Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 28, no. 4 (November 28, 2018): 463–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2018.1540448.

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19

Rensmann, L., C. Kopke, and G. Botsch. "Taming Uncivil Societies: Violent Rightist Extremism, Police Responses, and Preventive Public Policy in East Germany." Policing 3, no. 3 (January 1, 2009): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pap023.

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20

Khalifa, Najat, Simon Gibbon, and Conor Duggan. "Police and sniffer dogs in psychiatric settings." Psychiatric Bulletin 32, no. 7 (July 2008): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.107.017483.

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Aims and MethodTo study the views of staff and patients on the use of sniffer dogs to detect illicit drugs and the prosecution of in-patients suspected of taking illicit drugs. A 15-item self-report questionnaire was given to all in-patients and staff who had any contact with patients in a medium-secure unit. Responses to the individual statements were measured on a five-point Likert scale and staff and patients' responses were compared.ResultsWe achieved a response rate of 63% (patient response rate, 71.6%; staff response rate, 60.7%). Overall there were fewer differences than anticipated, although, as expected, staff viewed the impact of illicit drugs more negatively than patients, and on the other hand, patients viewed the use of sniffer dogs and police involvement more negatively than the staff did.Clinical ImplicationsNotice ought to be taken of the discordance between staff and patients' views (particularly in relation to consent and confidentiality) when attempting to detect and manage illicit drug use among psychiatric in-patients.
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21

KANE, ROBERT J. "Police Responses to Restraining Orders in Domestic Violence Incidents." Criminal Justice and Behavior 27, no. 5 (October 2000): 561–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854800027005002.

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The present analysis examines the extent to which police officers arrest domestic violence offenders who violate restraining orders. The study develops a theoretical framework, referred to as the custody-threshold thesis, that considers the decision to arrest to be a function of the officers' goals to satisfy one of several purposes of custody. Findings from logistic regression modeling show that restraining-order violations in domestic violence incidents have the greatest impact on arrest probability when risk of injury to the victim is low, but that as risk increases, the predictive strength of restraining-order violations diminishes. Findings support the custody-threshold thesis, suggesting important policy implications, which are identified and discussed.
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22

Schindeler, Emily, and Jacqui Ewart. "Manufacturing a Crime Wave: The Gold Coast Saga." Media International Australia 151, no. 1 (May 2014): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415100105.

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Crime waves make great headlines, and can be an ongoing source of stories for news media. In this article, we track the news media promotion of the spectre of a crime wave at Queensland's Gold Coast and the interplay between politics and policy responses to the media campaign. By analysing news media reports, government, local government and police-documented responses, we explore how the media framed this crime wave and the politically driven policy responses that were disproportionate to the reported (statistical) level of crime. Despite attempts by the Queensland Police Service to defuse the claims of an out-of-control crime problem, followed by its attempts at managing community responses, the local news media continued their campaign with significant consequences. Our findings are important for those charged with publicly managing responses to media-driven crime waves.
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23

Kwon, Hwa-suk. "A Study on Criminal Injury Types of Marriage Migrant Women in Multicultural Families and the POLICE’s Responses." J-Institute 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/police.2020.5.1.16.

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24

Oehme, Karen, Stephanie Grace Prost, and Daniel G. Saunders. "Police Responses to Cases of Officer-Involved Domestic Violence: The Effects of a Brief Web-Based Training." Policing 10, no. 4 (October 5, 2016): 391–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/paw039.

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25

Fedina, Lisa, Bethany L. Backes, Hyun-Jin Jun, Jordan DeVylder, and Richard P. Barth. "Police legitimacy, trustworthiness, and associations with intimate partner violence." Policing: An International Journal 42, no. 5 (October 10, 2019): 901–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-04-2019-0046.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the relationship among police legitimacy/trust and experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV), including victims’ decisions to report IPV to police and police responses to IPV. Design/methodology/approach Data were drawn from the 2017 Survey of Police–Public Encounters II – a cross-sectional, general population survey of adults from New York City and Baltimore (n=1,000). Regression analyses were used to examine associations among police legitimacy/trust, IPV exposure, police reporting of IPV, and perceived police responses to IPV and interaction effects. Findings Higher levels of IPV exposure were significantly associated with lower levels of police legitimacy/trust; however, this relationship was stronger among African–American participants than non-African–American participants. Higher levels of police legitimacy/trust were significantly associated with more positive police responses to IPV and this relationship was stronger among heterosexual participants than sexual minority participants. Research limitations/implications Future research should examine prospective relationships to understand causal mechanisms linking individual perceptions of police legitimacy/trust, experiences with IPV and victims’ interactions with police. Practical implications Low levels of legitimacy/trust between police and citizens may result, in part, if police are engaged in negative or inadequate responses to reports of IPV. Police–social work partnerships can enhance effective police responses to IPV, particularly to racial/ethnic and sexual minority individuals. Originality/value This study provides empirical evidence linking police legitimacy/trust to the experiences of IPV and perceived police responses to reports of IPV, including important group differences among victims based on race/ethnicity and sexual orientation.
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26

Boateng, Francis D., David A. Makin, Gassan Abess, and Guangzhen Wu. "Speaking out: Officers speaking about police misconduct in Ghana." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 92, no. 2 (April 15, 2018): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x18768384.

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Historically, police administrators have argued that misconduct occurs among a few bad officers, undermining the notion that deviant acts transcend individual characteristics of officers to incorporate the characteristics of the department. The purpose of this study was to explore the state of police integrity within the Ghana Police Service by qualitatively analysing interview responses obtained from a select group of police officers in two police districts. Findings revealed that police misconduct in Ghana exists in different dimensions, and that officers are willing to engage in open discussions about deviant acts by their colleagues. Policy implication of the findings are discussed.
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Sanden, Michael, and Ericka Wentz. "Kids and Cops: Juveniles’ Perceptions of the Police and Police Services." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 33, no. 4 (August 18, 2017): 411–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986217724536.

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This study examined the impact of four categories of variables (demographics, neighborhood context variables, contact with the police, and vicarious influence variables) on juveniles’ perceptions of the police and police services. Data analyzed in this study were collected as part of a larger research evaluation that examined the impact of law enforcement efforts in relation to violent crime. Survey responses collected from 423 middle school students were analyzed using a series of OLS regression models. The study found significant results for both dependent variables within all four categories of independent variables. Findings emphasize the importance of including influences from multiple sources into studies that examine juveniles’ perceptions of the police. Policy implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.
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Kahn, Kimberly Barsamian, and Karin D. Martin. "The Social Psychology of Racially Biased Policing: Evidence-Based Policy Responses." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7, no. 2 (October 2020): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732220943639.

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Police killings of unarmed African Americans, such as George Floyd in 2020, continue to cause nationwide protests and calls for change. Psychological science knows much about biased policing and can inform policy to promote equitable policing. Social psychology’s extensive findings on stereotyping, attitudes, and intergroup relations help clarify the role of officer racial bias. This article reviews implicit and explicit bias, race-crime stereotypes, intragroup bias, ingroup favoritism, stereotype threat, and dehumanization in policing interactions, all of which can lead to racially disparate use of force. Based on this science, some policy responses can mitigate bias: Officer level de-biasing training, body-worn cameras, automatic license plate readers, and federal policing reform legislation are discussed. The lack of a coordinated, national effort to collect and analyze police use of force data undermines tracking fatal incidents and bias therein, which are therefore harder to remediate.
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29

Ngo, Fawn T. "Stalking: an examination of the correlates of subsequent police responses." Policing: An International Journal 42, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): 362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-12-2017-0157.

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Purpose Few studies have explored the correlates of police responses to the crime of stalking. The purpose of this paper is to examine the correlates of nine specific police actions (no action, multiple actions, took a report, talked to perpetrator, arrested perpetrator, recommended PO or RO, recommended self-protection, referred to prosecutor’s office and referred to social services) to this type of crime. This study found three of the four incident measures (victim-offender relationship, intimidation and physical injury) and three of the four victim demographic measures (age, gender and marital status) significantly predicted seven of the nine police actions. Design/methodology/approach Data for this study came from the 2006 Stalking Victimization Supplement of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). The sample included stalking cases that were reported to the police and all measures were constructed using victims’ responses to survey questionnaires. Nine logistic regression models were estimated and in each model, four incident characteristic variables and four victim demographic variables were regressed on each of the nine police actions. Findings This study found three of the four incident characteristic measures (victim-offender relationship, intimidation, and physical injury) and three of the four victim demographic variables (age, gender and marital status) were significantly related to seven of the nine specific police actions (no action, multiple actions, arrested perpetrator, recommended PO or RO, recommended self-protection, referred to prosecutor’s office and referred to social services). None of the incident characteristic and victim demographic measures were related to two of the nine specific police actions (took a report and talked to perpetrator). Research limitations/implications This study possesses the same shortcomings associated with the NCVS. The current study involves cross-sectional, official data that are over 10 years old. The measures employed in the current study are victims’ perceptions of how the officers acted. The study does not include information regarding how many times the victim contacted the police or the nature of the stalking episode. The study excludes other variables (suspect’s demeanor, the presence of witnesses) that may be relevant in examining subsequent police responses to stalking. Practical implications Frontline offices should be required to undertake stalking training. Further, stalking training needs to be conducted independently from domestic violence training. Mandatory stalking training for law enforcement officers will lead to a greater comprehension of existing stalking statute for the officers as well as help increase the number of offenders being identified and charged with this crime by the officers. Social implications Police inaction to reported stalking not only dissuade victims from reporting future victimizations, it will also result in stalking being an under-reported crime. Police inaction could potentially compromise victim safety and/or offender accountability. Police inaction also undermines the legitimacy of law enforcement and attenuates the relationship between citizens and police agencies. Originality/value To date, only one study has examined the correlates of subsequent police responses to the crime of stalking. However, this study employed broad measures of police actions (formal and informal). The current study involves specific police actions (e.g. taking a report, referring the victim to social service agencies). Contrary to the prior study that found none of the incident and victim characteristics was related to two broad measures of subsequent police responses, this study found several incident and victim measures significantly predicted seven specific police actions.
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30

Carter, David L., and Allen D. Sapp. "POLICE EXPERIENCES AND RESPONSES RELATED TO THE HOMELESS." Journal of Crime and Justice 16, no. 2 (January 1993): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.1993.9721495.

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31

Belknap, Joanne, and Jennifer L. Hartman. "Police Responses to Woman Battering: Victim Advocates' Reports." International Review of Victimology 7, no. 1-3 (January 2000): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975800000700309.

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32

Decker, John F. "Emergency Circumstances, Police Responses, and Fourth Amendment Restrictions." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 89, no. 2 (1999): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1144137.

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33

Javaid, Aliraza. "Police responses to, and attitudes towards, male rape." International Journal of Police Science & Management 17, no. 2 (May 15, 2015): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355715580914.

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34

Brown, Stephen E. "Police responses to wife beating: Five years later." Journal of Criminal Justice 18, no. 5 (January 1990): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(90)90061-f.

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35

Carter, Jeremy G., and Eric Grommon. "Police as Alert Responders? Lessons Learned about Perceived Roles and Responses from Pretrial GPS Supervision of Domestic Violence Defendants." Policing 10, no. 4 (May 5, 2016): 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/paw009.

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36

Hallenberg, Katja M., and Tom Cockcroft. "From Indifference to Hostility: Police Officers, Organizational Responses and the Symbolic Value of ‘in-Service’ Higher Education in Policing." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 11, no. 3 (January 31, 2017): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/paw055.

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37

Wassermann, Ariami, Deon Meiring, and Jurgen Renier Becker. "Stress and coping of police officers in the South African Police Service." South African Journal of Psychology 49, no. 1 (March 13, 2018): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246318763059.

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Working in the police service can be physically and emotionally demanding. Officers use various coping methods to deal with the stressors. The main aim of this study was to investigate which coping responses are used most by police officers in the South African Police Service and to investigate how the prevalence of these coping responses changes over time. A longitudinal approach was used where data were collected at three different points in time. The final sample ( n = 120) was used for this study. The results indicate that police officers predominantly use planful problem-solving, positive reappraisal, and confrontive coping to deal with their daily stress. Planful problem-solving and positive reappraisal are seen as adaptive ways of dealing with stress, while the outcomes of confrontive coping are context dependent. The coping responses of seeking social support, escape avoidance, and accepting responsibility were used less frequently. The results indicate that coping styles change over time as police officers accepted significantly less responsibility, made less use of confrontive coping, and relied more on planful problem-solving, positive reappraisal, and escape avoidance. The findings of this study have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of stress of active police officers. It is recommended that interventions such as emotional competence training be used to reinforce and refresh positive coping strategies to enhance the emotional well-being of police officers.
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38

Kuhn, Samuel A., and Tracey L. Meares. "Implementing Checklists to Improve Police Responses to Co-Victims of Gun Violence." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48, S4 (2020): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110520979400.

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This qualitative study identifies police interactions with gun violence co-victims as a crucial, overlooked component of police unresponsiveness, particularly in minority communities where perceptions of police illegitimacy and legal estrangement are relatively high. Gun violence co-victims in three cities participated in online surveys, in which they described pervasive disregard by police in the aftermath of their loved ones' shooting victimization. We build on the checklist model that has improved public safety outcomes in other complex, high-intensity professional contexts to propose a checklist for police detectives to follow in the aftermath of gun violence. To build the checklist, we also reviewed the general orders of five police departments to better understand what guidance, if any, is currently given to police personnel regarding how they should interact with gun violence victims.
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39

Herrington, V. "Inter-agency Cooperation and Joined-up Working in Police Responses to Persons with a Mental Illness: Lessons from New South Wales." Policing 6, no. 4 (July 29, 2012): 388–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pas019.

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40

Meyer, Silke, and Harley Williamson. "General and specific perceptions of procedural justice: Factors associated with perceptions of police and court responses to domestic and family violence." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 53, no. 3 (June 29, 2020): 333–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865820935941.

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Improving criminal justice responses to domestic and family violence is a key focus within many policy and practice reforms. The efficacy of police and court responses to domestic and family violence is central because of the role of police as first responders and courts in issuing protection orders, imposing sanctions and ensuring perpetrator cooperation and accountability. To promote compliance and satisfaction with criminal justice outcomes, a large body of research points to the role of procedural justice. This study draws on survey and administrative data from an Australian jurisdiction to examine perceptions of procedural justice in specific domestic and family violence-related encounters. Findings and implications for policy and practice are discussed.
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41

Wood, Jennifer D., Amy C. Watson, and Anjali J. Fulambarker. "The “Gray Zone” of Police Work During Mental Health Encounters." Police Quarterly 20, no. 1 (July 31, 2016): 81–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611116658875.

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Although improving police responses to mental health crises has received significant policy attention, most encounters between police and persons with mental illnesses do not involve major crimes or violence nor do they rise to the level of emergency apprehension. Here, we report on field observations of police officers handling mental health-related encounters in Chicago. Findings confirm these encounters often occur in the “gray zone,” where the problems at hand do not call for formal or legalistic interventions. In examining how police resolved such situations, we observed three core features of police work: (a) accepting temporary solutions to chronic vulnerability, (b) using local knowledge to guide decision making, and (c) negotiating peace with complainants and call subjects. Findings imply the need to advance field-based studies using systematic social observations of gray zone decision making within and across distinct geographic and place-based contexts. Policy implications for supporting police interventions are also discussed.
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Carrillo. "Police culture and gender: an evaluation of police officers' practices and responses to domestic abuse." Journal of Global Faultlines 8, no. 1 (2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.13169/jglobfaul.8.1.0069.

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Ramos, Sílvia. "Brazilian responses to violence and new forms of mediation: the case of the Grupo Cultural AfroReggae and the experience of the project "Youth and the Police"." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 11, no. 2 (June 2006): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232006000200019.

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This article discusses some aspects of the Brazilian response to urban violence, focusing both official public safety policies and actions of the civil society. The text identifies the lack of a national public safety policy, indicates successful governmental experiences carried out in some states and municipalities, and concentrates on the actions of the police. Analyzing the responses of the civil society, the paper is emphasizing the campaign for disarming the population and the role played by the media. It shows the appearance of groups of young people living in the favelas, organized in turn of cultural experiences that, in multiple aspects, are characterized as "new mediators" in society. These groups thematize violence and try to build new stereotypes dissociating them from the image of criminality. The article describes in particular the cases of the Grupo Cultural AfroReggae, of Rio de Janeiro, and the pilot experience carried out in collaboration with the Minas Gerais Military Police, called "Youth and the Police". The AfroReggae group is a typical example of such a "new mediator", and the initiative of carrying out a work in cooperation with the police opens new perspectives for the traditionally scarce participation of civil organizations engaged in public safety in cooperative projects with the police.
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Lemmer, Thomas J., Gad J. Bensinger, and Arthur J. Lurigio. "An analysis of police responses to gangs in Chicago." Police Practice and Research 9, no. 5 (December 2008): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614260801980836.

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Munsters, C. C. B. M., E. K. Visser, J. van den Broek, and M. M. Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan. "Physiological and behavioral responses of horses during police training." Animal 7, no. 5 (2013): 822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731112002327.

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Weitzer, Ronald, and Rod K. Brunson. "Strategic Responses to the Police Among Inner-City Youth." Sociological Quarterly 50, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2009.01139.x.

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Magnusson, Mia-Maria. "Bridging the Gaps by Including the Police Officer Perspective? A Study of the Design and Implementation of an RCT in Police Practice and the Impact of Pracademic Knowledge." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 14, no. 2 (April 4, 2018): 438–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pay022.

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Abstract One means of advancing police research is to examine the implementation of studies conducted in the field of police practice. The design and implementation of experiments in police practice is complex because they require the two often separate worlds of research and practice to work together. One way to move forward towards evidence-based policing would be to bridge the gap between research and practice, while also bridging the gap between practice and policy. This article analyses how a randomized controlled trial was designed and implemented in the field of drug policing in Sweden. The analysis is done by comparing the drug enforcement trial to the experimental guidelines presented by Sherman (2010) and by exploring survey responses provided by participating police officers. The study identifies three themes with special relevance for the pracademic perspective; frustration, credibility, and officer perspective. The study concludes that the involvement of pracademic researchers may facilitate better communication between practitioners and police management, enhance evaluation, and improve the chances of changing police practice.
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Maskály, Jon, Sanja Kutnjak Ivković, and Peter Neyroud. "Policing the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploratory Study of the Types of Organizational Changes and Police Activities Across the Globe." International Criminal Justice Review 31, no. 3 (April 28, 2021): 266–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10575677211012807.

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The COVID-19 pandemic upended major facets of global society, including policing. This study describes three types of changes that police agencies in counties worldwide made. First, how have various domains of policing changed and how much did they change? Second, were these changes regulated by the official policy? Third, what are the potential consequences of the changes made during the pandemic? Taking a mixed-methods approach, our quantitative survey data from 27 countries, buttressed by qualitative responses, enable us to examine changes in these three areas. Our results suggest there is a great deal of heterogeneity in the degree of change, the use of policy to make the changes, and the perceived effects of the changes. Some changes (i.e., the use of personal protective equipment) are relatively ubiquitous and common sense based on the pandemic. Other organizational changes show a great deal more variation, especially when considering the valence of the change. Finally, the police executives from these countries express a highly optimistic—and potentially overly rosy—view of the potential longer term consequences of the pandemic or the operational changes made because of it. Overall, the results paint a more complicated picture of the responses to the pandemic made by the police organizations included in our sample. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for future research, police practice, and the development of policy.
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Stith, Sandra M. "Police Response to Domestic Violence: The Influence of Individual and Familial Factors." Violence and Victims 5, no. 1 (January 1990): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.5.1.37.

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Although police officers are often the first group outside the family to intervene in domestic violence situations, little is known about how individual and family characteristics influence the male police officer’s responsiveness in these situations. This study addressed this issue with data from 72 midwestern male police officers. The officers were asked to respond to vignette scenarios in which husbands had assaulted their wives. Three variables previously related to spouse abuse (sex role egalitarianism, approval of marital violence, and marital stress) and the officer’s use of violence in his own marriage were entered into a path model to predict three different possible police responses (i.e., mediating response, arrest, and antivictim response). The model predicted significant variance in the officer’s hostile response to victims of domestic violence but not to his likelihood of arresting abusers or mediating between the abusive couple. Implications for understanding domestic violence and police response are presented.
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Clare, Joseph, Darren Henstock, Christine McComb, Roy Newland, Geoffrey C. Barnes, Murray Lee, and Emmeline Taylor. "Police, Public, and Arrestee Perceptions of Body-Worn Video: A Single Jurisdictional Multiple-Perspective Analysis." Criminal Justice Review 44, no. 3 (May 2, 2019): 304–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016819846236.

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This article analyzes police, public, and arrestee survey responses from a single jurisdiction to give a multiple-perspective insight into the use of body-worn video (BWV) cameras by police. Police attitudinal data were collected from before ( n = 190), during ( n = 139), and at the conclusion ( n = 221) of a BWV implementation trial. Public attitudes were collected at the conclusion of the BWV implementation trial via online survey ( n = 995 respondents) and intercept survey ( n = 428 respondents). Arrestee attitudes ( n = 302) were collected for detainees in police custody over a 6-month period immediately preceding the BWV trial. Results showed (a) all three perspectives were supportive of the use of BWV, (b) the extent to which police felt BWV influenced their behavior tempered during the trial, (c) the public who had encountered BWV-wearing officers and the arrestee sample indicated limited belief that BWV would reduce bad behavior, and (d) there was clear contention about the policy and practice decisions around recording. These findings have significance for BWV trials, commenting on the importance of collecting police attitudes at multiple points, separating the attitudes of public who did encounter police-wearing BWV, and data collection/policy for evaluation outcomes.
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